[{"neuroNamesID":"1","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"-2063754382","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"superior frontopolar gyrus","standardAcronym":"FPGS","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1","cDefinition":"refers to the dorsal-most of three horizontal gyri located at the frontal pole of the human frontal lobe. Defined by gross dissection, the three constitute the transverse frontopolar gyri. The other two are the middle frontopolar gyrus and the inferior frontopolar gyrus ( Mai-1997 ). Equivalent structures are not found in the macaque or in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superior transverse frontopolar gyrus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superior frontopolar gyrus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus frontopolaris transversus superior","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"transverse frontopolar gyri","parentNeuroNamesId":"831","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=831","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"transverse frontopolar gyri","parentNeuroNamesId":"831","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=831","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"-2005119656","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"White Primary Structure","standardName":"lingual white matter","standardAcronym":"liw","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2","cDefinition":"refers to the part of occipital lobe white matter that is located beneath the lingual gyrus as defined by dissection and stains for myelin in the human ( Oishi-2009 ) and the macaque ( BrainInfo-2001 ). Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lingual white matter","synonymSource":"Oishi-2009","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas-based whole brain white matter analysis using large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping: Application to normal elderly and Alzheimer's disease participants","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Substantia medullaris lingualis","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-2000","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"occipital lobe white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"832","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=832","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"occipital lobe white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"832","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=832","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"occipital lobe white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"832","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=832","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"-1973597309","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"White Primary Structure","standardName":"isthmus of cingulate white matter","standardAcronym":"icgw","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3","cDefinition":"refers to the part of cingulate white matter that is located beneath the isthmus of the cingulate gyrus as defined by dissection and stains for myelin in the human ( NeuroNames ) and the macaque ( BrainInfo-2001 ). Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"isthmus of cingulate white matter","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-2000","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Substantia medullaris isthmus cinguli","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-2000","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cingulate white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"821","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=821","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"cingulate white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"821","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=821","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"cingulate white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"821","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=821","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"-1838638796","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"White Primary Structure","standardName":"supramarginal white matter","standardAcronym":"smw","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4","cDefinition":"refers to the part of parietal white matter that is located beneath the supramarginal gyrus as defined by dissection and stains for myelin. It is found in the human ( NeuroNames ) and the macaque ( BrainInfo-2001 ). Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"supramarginal white matter","synonymSource":"Oishi-2009","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas-based whole brain white matter analysis using large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping: Application to normal elderly and Alzheimer's disease participants","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Substantia medullaris supramarginalis","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-2000","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"parietal white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"844","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=844","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"parietal white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"844","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=844","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"parietal white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"844","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=844","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"5","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"-1772196785","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"White Primary Structure","standardName":"precentral white matter","standardAcronym":"prw","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=5","cDefinition":"refers to the part of frontal white matter that is located beneath the precentral gyrus. Defined by dissection and stains for myelin, it is found in the human ( NeuroNames ) and the macaque ( BrainInfo-2001 ).Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"precentral white matter","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-2000","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"pre-central white matter","synonymSource":"Oishi-2009","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas-based whole brain white matter analysis using large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping: Application to normal elderly and Alzheimer's disease participants","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Substantia medullaris precentralis","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-2000","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"frontal white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"815","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=815","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"frontal white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"815","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=815","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"frontal white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"815","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=815","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"6","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"-1761421113","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"posterior orbital gyrus","standardAcronym":"POrG","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=6","cDefinition":"refers to one of four orbital gyri that form the ventral surface of the frontal lobe in the human. It is a convolution located caudal to the transverse orbital sulcus, between the medial orbital gyrus and the lateral orbital gyrus ( Mai-1997 ); it may abut the anterior insula posteriorly ( Ture-1999 ). It is not found in the macaque or in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat, or mouse ( NeuroNames ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior orbital gyrus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"7"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus orbitalis posterior","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"gyrus orbitaire postérieur","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"orbital gyri","parentNeuroNamesId":"91","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=91","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"orbital gyri","parentNeuroNamesId":"91","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=91","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"7","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1639234958","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"parasolitary nucleus","standardAcronym":"PSol","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=7","cDefinition":"refers to a cell group located in the medulla just lateral to the solitary nucleus. It is found in the human ( Crosby-1962 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ), and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). Functionally it is one of seven nuclear groups that comprise postcerebellar and precerebellar nuclei of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleus of fasciculus solitarius","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"parasolitary nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"10"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus juxtasolitarius","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus parasolitarius","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"ядро околоодиночного пути","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"698","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=698","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"698","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=698","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"698","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=698","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"postcerebellar and precerebellar nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"2897","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2897","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"8","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"-1517302059","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"White Primary Structure","standardName":"lateral orbital white matter","standardAcronym":"lorw","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=8","cDefinition":"refers to the part of frontal white matter that is located beneath the lateral orbital gyrus. Defined by dissection and stains for myelin, it is found in the human ( NeuroNames ) and the macaque ( BrainInfo-2001 ). Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"lateral orbital white matter","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-2000","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Substantia medullaris orbitalis lateralis","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-2000","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"frontal white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"815","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=815","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"frontal white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"815","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=815","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"frontal white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"815","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=815","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"9","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"-1497723952","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"White Primary Structure","standardName":"inferior temporal white matter","standardAcronym":"itw","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=9","cDefinition":"refers to the part of frontal white matter that is located deep to the inferior temporal gyrus. Defined by dissection and stains for myelin, it is found in the human and the macaque ( NeuroNames ). Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"inferior temporal white matter","synonymSource":"Oishi-2009","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas-based whole brain white matter analysis using large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping: Application to normal elderly and Alzheimer's disease participants","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Substantia medullaris temporalis inferior","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-2000","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"temporal white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"847","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=847","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"temporal white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"847","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=847","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"temporal white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"847","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=847","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"10","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"-1480491770","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"White Primary Structure","standardName":"medial orbital white matter","standardAcronym":"morw","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=10","cDefinition":"refers to the part of frontal white matter that is located deep to the medial orbital gyrus. Defined by dissection and stains for myelin, it is found in the human and the macaque. Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"medial orbital white matter","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-2000","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Substantia medullaris orbitalis medialis","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-2000","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"frontal white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"815","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=815","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"frontal white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"815","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=815","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"frontal white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"815","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=815","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"11","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"-1465682436","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"inferior rostral gyrus","standardAcronym":"IRoG","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=11","cDefinition":"refers to a convolution on the medial surface of the frontal lobe in the human ( Mai-1997 ). Defined on the basis of dissection and stains for Nissl substance, it is bounded dorsally by the superior rostral gyrus and the cingulate gyrus. Ventrally the rostral sulcus separates it from the straight gyrus. It is not found in the macaque, where the comparable area dorsal to the rostral sulcus is occupied by the anterior cingulate gyrus ( Martin-2000 ). Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"inferior rostral gyrus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus rostralis inferior","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"12","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"-1384141764","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"White Primary Structure","standardName":"posterior cingulate white matter","standardAcronym":"pcgw","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=12","cDefinition":"refers to the part of limbic white matter that is located deep to the posterior cingulate gyrus. Defined by dissection and stains for myelin, it is found in the human and the macaque. Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior cingulate white matter","synonymSource":"Mitelman-2007","synonymSourceTitle":"A comprehensive assessment of gray and white matter volumes and their relationship to outcome and severity in schizophrenia","pubMedHits":"6"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Substantia medullars cinguli posterior","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-2000","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cingulate white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"821","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=821","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"cingulate white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"821","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=821","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"cingulate white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"821","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=821","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"13","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"-1278177547","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"intermediate orbital gyrus","standardAcronym":"IOrG","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=13","cDefinition":"refers to one of four orbital gyri on the ventral surface of the frontal lobe in the human. Defined on the basis of dissection and stains for Nissl substance, it is located between the medial orbital gyrus and the lateral orbital gyrus. It is separated from the posterior orbital gyrus by the, transverse orbital sulcus, the horizontal component of the orbital sulci ( Mai-1997 ). The comparable central portion of the orbital gyri in the frontal lobe of the macaque is occupied by the medial part of the lateral orbital gyrus ( Martin-2000 ). Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"intermediate orbital gyrus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus orbitalis longitudinalis medius","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"средняя продольная глазничная извилина","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"средняя глазничная продольная извилина","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Mozga Cheloveka (Atlas of the Human Brain)","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"orbital gyri","parentNeuroNamesId":"91","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=91","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"orbital gyri","parentNeuroNamesId":"91","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=91","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"14","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"-1269332145","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"White Primary Structure","standardName":"cuneate white matter","standardAcronym":"cuw","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=14","cDefinition":"refers to the part of occipital white matter that is located deep to the cuneus on the medial aspect of the occipital lobe. Defined by dissection and stains for myelin, it is found in the human and the macaque. Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"cuneate white matter","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-2000","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Substantia medullaris cuneatus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-2000","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"occipital lobe white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"832","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=832","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"occipital lobe white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"832","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=832","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"occipital lobe white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"832","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=832","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"15","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"-1176007523","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"White Primary Structure","standardName":"inferior occipital white matter","standardAcronym":"iow","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=15","cDefinition":"refers to the part of occipital white matter that is located deep to the inferior occipital gyrus on the ventrolateral aspect of the occipital lobe. Defined by dissection and stains for myelin, it is found in the human ( Oishi-2009 ) and the macaque ( NeuroNames ). Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"inferior occipital white matter","synonymSource":"Oishi-2009","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas-based whole brain white matter analysis using large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping: Application to normal elderly and Alzheimer's disease participants","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Substantia medullaris occipitalis inferior","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-2000","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"occipital lobe white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"832","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=832","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"occipital lobe white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"832","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=832","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"occipital lobe white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"832","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=832","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"16","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"-659272139","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"White Primary Structure","standardName":"superior temporal white matter","standardAcronym":"stw","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=16","cDefinition":"refers to the part of temporal white matter that is located deep to the superior temporal gyrus on the lateral aspect of the temporal lobe. Defined by dissection and stains for myelin, it is found in the human ( Oishi-2009 ) and the macaque ( NeuroNames ). Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superior temporal white matter","synonymSource":"Oishi-2009","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas-based whole brain white matter analysis using large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping: Application to normal elderly and Alzheimer's disease participants","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Substantia medullaris temporalis superior","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-2000","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"temporal white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"847","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=847","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"temporal white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"847","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=847","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"temporal white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"847","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=847","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"17","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"-437238407","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"White Primary Structure","standardName":"superior frontal white matter","standardAcronym":"sfw","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=17","cDefinition":"refers to the part of frontal white matter that is located deep to the superior frontal gyrus on the dorsal aspect of the frontal lobe. Defined by dissection and stains for myelin, it is found in the human ( Oishi-2009 ) and the macaque ( NeuroNames ). Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superior frontal white matter","synonymSource":"Oishi-2009","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas-based whole brain white matter analysis using large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping: Application to normal elderly and Alzheimer's disease participants","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Substantia medullaris frontalis superior","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-2000","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"frontal white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"815","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=815","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"frontal white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"815","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=815","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"frontal white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"815","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=815","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"18","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"-314374533","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"White Primary Structure","standardName":"middle temporal white matter","standardAcronym":"mtw","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=18","cDefinition":"refers to the part of temporal white matter that is located deep to the middle temporal gyrus on the lateral aspect of the temporal lobe. Defined by dissection and stains for myelin, it is found in the human ( Oishi-2009 ) and the macaque ( NeuroNames ). Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"middle temporal white matter","synonymSource":"Oishi-2009","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas-based whole brain white matter analysis using large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping: Application to normal elderly and Alzheimer's disease participants","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Substantia medullaris temporalis medius","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-2000","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"temporal white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"847","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=847","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"temporal white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"847","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=847","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"temporal white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"847","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=847","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"19","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"-294001527","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"White Primary Structure","standardName":"decussation of the anterior commissure","standardAcronym":"dac","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=19","cDefinition":"refers to the portion of the anterior commissure that crosses the midsagittal plane between the cerebral hemispheres. The center or caudal boundary of the decussation is the zero coordinate of stereotaxic space in most stereotaxic brain atlases in current use. The anterior commissure is found in the human, macaque, rat, and mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"decussation of the anterior commissure","synonymSource":"Jones-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"BrainMaps.org","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Decussatio commissurae anterioris","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"anterior commissure","parentNeuroNamesId":"205","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=205","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"anterior commissure","parentNeuroNamesId":"205","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=205","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"anterior commissure","parentNeuroNamesId":"205","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=205","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"20","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"-80092279","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"White Primary Structure","standardName":"superior parietal white matter","standardAcronym":"spw","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=20","cDefinition":"refers to the part of parietal white matter that is located deep to the superior parietal lobule on the dorsolateral aspect of the parietal lobe. Defined by dissection and stains for myelin, it is found in the human ( Oishi-2009 ) and the macaque ( NeuroNames ). Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superior parietal white matter","synonymSource":"Oishi-2009","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas-based whole brain white matter analysis using large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping: Application to normal elderly and Alzheimer's disease participants","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Substantia medullaris parietalis superior","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-2000","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"parietal white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"844","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=844","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"parietal white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"844","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=844","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"parietal white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"844","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=844","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"21","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"1","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superstructure","standardName":"brain","standardAcronym":"Br","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=21","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the central nervous system (CNS) as defined by dissection in vertebrates. It is the part of the CNS located in the cranial cavity; the other part is the spinal cord. (Some biologists also use 'brain' in reference to the central ganglion of the nervous system of invertebrate species ( Wikipedia )). \r\nNeuroanatomists subdivide the brain in three different ways. Most textbooks and brain atlases are organized according to the Classical Model, which at the highest level divides the brain into forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain. Below that level structures are grouped by proximity as the brain is dissected to finer and finer levels. The Classical Model is reflected in the hierarchy of human and macaque brain structures that you find when you click 'Locus in Brain Hierarchy' below. It is reflected for the rhesus macaque brain in the Macaque Brain by Dubach, which you find by clicking 'Models Where It Appears' below. \r\nThe definition of the brain in the second model, the Developmental CNS Model, differs from the Classical Model in that structures are grouped by the location of their precursors in the embryo; and it includes the retina, a structure which is located outside the cranial cavity of the mature animal but originates in the Encephalon (embryonic brain). (The retina is classically defined as part of the peripheral nervous system.) To avoid confusion, the standard NeuroNames terminology for structures defined by dissection of the mature brain are in English; standard names for subdivisions based on embryonic precursor are in Latin and capitalized. Thus, the highest level divisions of the Developmental CNS Model are the Telencephalon, Mesencephalon, and Rhombencephalon, which correspond to a large extent, but with significant exceptions, to the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain of the Classical Model. (The Developmental CNS Model is not currently illustrated in BrainInfo.)\r\nIn the third model, the Functional CNS Model, structures are grouped by a combination of criteria, including embryonic origin, internal structure, connectivity, and function. Division at the highest level is into four structures: the pallium, cerebral nuclei, cerebellum, and cerebrospinal trunk. (The pallium consists of the cerebral cortex and the cortical subplate nuclei.) In the Functional Model the retina is a component of the cerebrospinal trunk. The concept 'brain' does not actually appear in the Functional CNS Model, because there is no functionally meaningful basis for distinguishing the part of the cerebrospinal trunk located in the cranium from that enclosed in the spinal column. \r\nThe hierarchical organization of the Functional Model is derived almost entirely from appendices to the atlas of the rat brain in Swanson-2004 . To see it, click: Functional CNS Model - Rat. The NeuroNames terminology for structures in the Functional Model is, insofar as possible, the same as that for structures that are equivalent to structures in the Classical Model. \r\nEach of the three models is more useful than the others for certain purposes. The Classical Model is most useful for understanding the terminology of the neuroanatomical literature of the past century and for surgical and radiological applications, which involve dissection and/or visualization according to classical landmarks. The Developmental Model is more useful for analyzing the embryonic and genetic origins of brain structure. The Functional Model is most useful for addressing the fundamental challenge of neuroscience, namely to understand the relations between neural structure and function. \r\nIn that context, the primary purpose of BrainInfo/NeuroNames is to clarify the relations between the structural concepts and the terminologies of these and other ways of looking at the central nervous system.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Chinese","organism":"human","synonymName":"頭腦","synonymSource":"Kumsung-2002","synonymSourceTitle":"English-Korean Dictionary","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"otak","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"ensefalon","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"brain","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"647020"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"suprasegmental structures","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"10"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"suprasegmental levels of nervous system","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"vertebrate brain","synonymSource":"Swanson-2014","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomical Terminology: A Lexicon of Classical Origins and Historical Foundations","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"human brain","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Hirn","synonymSource":"Schultze-1993","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomisches Wörterbuch","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gehirn","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"cerveau","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"encefalo","synonymSource":"Schlag-1987","synonymSourceTitle":"Evidence for a supplementary eye field","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Korean","organism":"human","synonymName":"두뇌","synonymSource":"Kumsung-2002","synonymSourceTitle":"English-Korean Dictionary","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"головной мозг","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"encéfalo","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"22","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"2","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"cerebrocerebellar fissure","standardAcronym":"ccbf","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=22","cDefinition":"refers the part of the transverse cerebral fissure that separates the occipital lobe from the cerebellum and which contains the cerebellar tentorium. The other part is the telodiencephalic fissure ( Riley-1943 ). It is found in the human, macaque, rat, and mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"cerebrocerebellar fissure","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cerebro-cerebellar fissure","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fissura cerebrocerebellaris","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fissura cerebro-cerebellaris","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"brain","parentNeuroNamesId":"21","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=21","brainStructureType":"Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"23","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"4","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"superior pontine sulcus","standardAcronym":"sps","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=23","cDefinition":"refers to the groove on the anterior aspect of the brainstem that marks the boundary between the pons and the crus cerebri of the midbrain. It is found in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( NeuroNames ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superior pontine sulcus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus superior pontis","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus pedunculo-pontinus","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus praepontinus","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"solco pontino superiore","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"brain","parentNeuroNamesId":"21","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=21","brainStructureType":"Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"24","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"5","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"choroidal fissure","standardAcronym":"chf","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=24","cDefinition":"refers to a cleft-like opening in the wall of the lateral ventricle that appears when the choroid plexus is dissected away. It extends from the interventricular foramen to the end of the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle. The part nearest the interventricular foramen is between the lateral edge of the fornix and the upper surface of the thalamus; in the inferior horn it is between the fimbria and the stria terminalis ( Gray-1918a ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"choroidal fissure","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"46"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"choroid fissure","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"50"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"chorioid fissure","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fissura choroidea","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"fissura chorioidea","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Mozga Cheloveka (Atlas of the Human Brain)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fissura corioidea","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"сосудистая щель","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"brain","parentNeuroNamesId":"21","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=21","brainStructureType":"Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"brain","parentNeuroNamesId":"21","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=21","brainStructureType":"Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"25","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"6","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"interpeduncular cistern","standardAcronym":"icis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=25","cDefinition":"refers to the anterior portion of the posterior basal cistern. It is a cerebrospinal fluid filled cavity in the floor of the cranium outside the midbrain, between the pons and the mammillary body. It is found in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"sistern antar pedunkel","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"interpeduncular cistern","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"93"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Cisterna interpeduncularis","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Cisternae intercruralis","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"cisterna interpeduncolare","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"межножковая цистерна","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"cisterna interpeduncular","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"brain","parentNeuroNamesId":"21","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=21","brainStructureType":"Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"26","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"7","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"quadrigeminal cistern","standardAcronym":"scis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=26","cDefinition":"refers to the cerebrospinal fluid filled space between the cerebrum and the cerebellum. Its floor is formed by the pineal gland, the superior colliculus, and the inferior colliculus. (The colliculi constitute the Corpus quadrigemina from which the cistern gets its name.) It is found in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ), macaque, rat, and mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"sistern superior","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superior cistern","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"superior cistern","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"quadrigeminal cistern","synonymSource":"Paxinos-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"The Human Nervous System","pubMedHits":"96"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cistern of the great cerebral vein","synonymSource":"Gray-1918a","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomy of the Human Body","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Cisterna superior","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Cisterna ambiens","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"7"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Cisterna colliculorum","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"cisterna superiore","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"cisterna de la vena magna del cerebro","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"cisterna ambiens","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"cisterna superior","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"brain","parentNeuroNamesId":"21","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=21","brainStructureType":"Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"27","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"8","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","standardName":"forebrain","standardAcronym":"FBr","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=27","cDefinition":"refers to one ot three components of the brain as defined in the Classical Model by dissection. The other components are the midbrain and the hindbrain.The most anterior of the three, its caudal boundary is with the midbrain: a nominally coronal plane defined by the rostral margin of the superior colliculus dorsally and the caudal margin of the mammillary body ventrally. The forebrain is composed of two parts: the endbrain and the interbrain. Substructures of the forebrain are derived for the most part, but not entirely, from the embryonic Prosencephalon. It is found in the human, macaque, rat, and mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"forebrain","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"17846"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Prosencephalon","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"6347"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Vorderhirn","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Vorhirn","synonymSource":"Schultze-1993","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomisches Wörterbuch","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"proencefalo","synonymSource":"Rigutti-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlante di Anatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"передний мозг","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"brain","parentNeuroNamesId":"21","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=21","brainStructureType":"Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"brain","parentNeuroNamesId":"21","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=21","brainStructureType":"Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Vertebrate Central Nervous System","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"brain","parentNeuroNamesId":"21","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=21","brainStructureType":"Superstructure","modelName":"Functional CNS - Human","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"brain","parentNeuroNamesId":"21","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=21","brainStructureType":"Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"brain","parentNeuroNamesId":"21","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=21","brainStructureType":"Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"brain","parentNeuroNamesId":"21","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=21","brainStructureType":"Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"brain","parentNeuroNamesId":"21","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=21","brainStructureType":"Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"brain","parentNeuroNamesId":"21","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=21","brainStructureType":"Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"28","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"9","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"telodiencephalic fissure","standardAcronym":"tdf","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=28","cDefinition":"refers to the part of the transverse cerebral fissure that separates the ventral surfaces of the corpus callosum and fornix (of the endbrain) from the dorsal surface of the interbrain. Formed by the folding back of the endbrain over the interbrain during fetal development, it is technically outside the brain. It gets its name from the Telencephalon and Diencephalon, embryonic precursors of the endbrain and interbrain respectively. It together with the cerebrocerebellar fissure constitute the transverse cerebral fissure. It is found in the human ( Riley-1943 ) and the macaque ( Martin-2000 ), ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"telodiencephalic fissure","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"telo-diencephalic fissure","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fissura telo-diencephalica","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"forebrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"27","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=27","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"forebrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"27","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=27","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"29","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"10","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"cistern of the lamina terminalis","standardAcronym":"cislt","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=29","cDefinition":"refers to the cerebrospinal fluid filled space outside the brain and rostral to the lamina terminalis. The lamina forms the anterior wall of the third ventricle of the hypothalamus. The cistern is found in the human ( Riley-1943 ) and the macaque ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cistern of the lamina terminalis","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Cisterna laminae terminalis","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"cisterna della lamina terminale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"cisterna de la lámina terminal","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"forebrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"27","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=27","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"30","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"11","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"chiasmatic cistern","standardAcronym":"ccis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=30","cDefinition":"refers to the cerebrospinal fluid filled space outside the brain next to the optic chiasm. It is found in the human ( Riley-1943 ), macaque, rat, and mouse ( NeuroNames ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"sistern kiasma","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"chiasmatic cistern","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"25"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Cisterna chiasmatica","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Cisterna chiasmatis","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"cisterna chiasmatica","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"цистерна перекрестка","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"cisterna quiasmática","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"forebrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"27","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=27","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"31","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"12","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","standardName":"endbrain","standardAcronym":"EBr","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31","cDefinition":"refers to one of two components of the forebrain. As the more rostral component, its most prominent cellular subdivisions are the cerebral cortex, the basal ganglia, the septum, and the basal forebrain. The more caudal component of the forebrain is the interbrain ( Carpenter-1983 ). The endbrain is grossly equivalent to the cerebrum of the Functional CNS Model - Rat of brain structure ( Swanson-2004 ). It is found in the human, macaque, rat, and mouse.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"otak-besar","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"telensefalon","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"telencephalon","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"5479"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"telencephalon","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"5479"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"endbrain","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"18"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Telencephalon","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"5479"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Endhirn","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"telencefalo","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"конечный мозг","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"передний мозг (Савельева)","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"telencéfalo","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"cerebro anterior","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"forebrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"27","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=27","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"forebrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"27","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=27","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Vertebrate Central Nervous System","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"forebrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"27","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=27","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Functional CNS - Human","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"forebrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"27","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=27","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"forebrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"27","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=27","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"forebrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"27","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=27","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"forebrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"27","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=27","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"forebrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"27","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=27","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"32","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"13","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"olfactory nerve","standardAcronym":"1n","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=32","cDefinition":"refers to the first of the cranial nerves (I). It consists of very short filamentous bundles of unmyelinated nerve axons that originate from bipolar sensory cells in the olfactory mucosa high in the nasal cavity. They project through the cribiform plate, the thin boney roof of the nasal cavity, to the olfactory bulb on the floor of the cranial cavity. They are the first neurons in the olfactory system, which is responsible for the sense of smell. The nerve is demonstrated by fiber stains in the human, macaque, rat and mouse ( Price-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"saraf otak pertama","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nervus olfactorius","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"olfactory nerve","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"1492"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nerve I","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"63"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"first cranial nerve","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"8"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"olfactory fila","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"olfactoria fila","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nervus olfactorius","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fila olfactoria","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"24"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"I. Hirnnerv","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Riechnerv","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Hirnnerv I","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nervo I","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nervo olfattivo","synonymSource":"Rigutti-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlante di Anatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"обонятельный нерв","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"endbrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"craniospinal nerves","parentNeuroNamesId":"3004","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3004","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"33","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"14","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"terminal nerve","standardAcronym":"trn","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=33","cDefinition":"refers to one of two nerves forming the vomeronasal-terminalis nerve complex from the lining of the nasal cavity to the brain. It is found in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and certain other animals ( Crosby-1962 ). Reports agree that the complex is demonstrable in the human fetus into the third trimester of gestation. They differ, however, as to whether it persists in the human beyond birth. Early authors said 'yes' ( Crosby-1962 ); later authors say 'no' ( Moran-1995 ). \r\nThe other component of the complex is the vomeronasal nerve. The two are located in close proximity throughout much of their course, but arise from different parts of the nasal epithelium and connect to somewhat different areas in the brain. They are distinct from the olfactory nerve, which is found in both rodents and primates. (See also: olfactory nerve, accessory olfactory bulb, and vomeronasal organ.) ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"terminal nerve","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"299"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"terminal nerve","synonymSource":"Moran-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Structure and function of the human vomeronasal organ","pubMedHits":"299"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nervus terminalis","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"129"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nervus terminalis","synonymSource":"Moran-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Structure and function of the human vomeronasal organ","pubMedHits":"129"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"конечный нерв","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Mozga Cheloveka (Atlas of the Human Brain)","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"endbrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"craniospinal nerves","parentNeuroNamesId":"3004","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3004","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"34","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"15","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"olfactory trigone","standardAcronym":"olt","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=34","cDefinition":"refers to a triangular area on the ventral surface of the forebrain of the human ( Carpenter-1983 ). It is a superficial feature, the floor of which is the olfactory tubercle (also known in the human as the anterior perforated substance). The peak of the triangle faces anteriorly and is formed by what early dissections suggested to be a split of the olfactory tract into medial and lateral olfactory tracts. Later studies showed that the fold of tissue presumed to be a medial olfactory tract did not, in fact, contain neuronal axons. The lateral structure is now recognized as the caudal continuation of the olfactory tract ( Price-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"olfactory trigone","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"7"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Trigonum olfactorium","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"trigone olfactif","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"trigono olfattivo","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"обонятельный треугольник","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"endbrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"35","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"16","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"longitudinal fissure","standardAcronym":"lf","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=35","cDefinition":"refers to the great fissure that separates the right from the left cerebral hemisphere. Defined by dissection, it is found in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ), the macaque ( Martin-2000 ), the rat and the mouse ( NeuroNames ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fisur longitudinal","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"longitudinal fissure","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"41"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"longitudinal fissure","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"41"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"longitudinal cerebral fissure","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"5"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"interhemispheric fissure","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"244"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"hemispheric sulcus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"longitudinal sulcus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial longitudinal fissure","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"sagittal fissure","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"longitudinal fissure of hemisphere","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fissura longitudinalis cerebri","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Fissura longitudinalis cerebri","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fissura interhemispherica","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Fissura interhemispherica","synonymSource":"Bonin-1947","synonymSourceTitle":"The Neocortex of Macaca Mulatta","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fissura longitudinalis magna","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fissura longitudinalis cerebrales","synonymSource":"Nomina-1989","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"scissura cerebrale longitudinale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"scissura longitudinale interemisferica","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"продольная щель головного мозга","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"продольная щель большого мозга","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"cisura interhemisférica","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"cisura cerebral longitudinal","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"endbrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"36","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"17","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"callosal sulcus","standardAcronym":"cas","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=36","cDefinition":"refers to the cleft that separates the corpus callosum from the cingulate gyrus; it opens into the longitudinal fissure on the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere. Defined on the basis of dissection, it is found in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). No comparable feature is shown in brain atlases of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Franklin-2008 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"sulkus pada korpus kalosum","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"callosal sulcus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"13"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"callosal sulcus","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"13"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"sulcus of corpus callosum","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus corporis callosi","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon péri-calleux","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"solco calloso","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"борозда мозолистого тела","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"cisura del cuerpo calloso","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"endbrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"37","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"18","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"anterior parolfactory sulcus","standardAcronym":"aps","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=37","cDefinition":"refers to a vertical groove on the medial surface of the frontal lobe below the rostrum of the corpus callosum. It defines the anterior boundary of the subcallosal gyrus and is found only in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior parolfactory sulcus","synonymSource":"Ono-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"paraolfactory sulcus","synonymSource":"Vogt-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Human cingulate cortex: surface features, flat maps, and cytoarchitecture","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior parolfactory sulcus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus parolfactorius anterior","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon para-olfactif antérieur","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon subcalleux","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"передняя околообонятельная борозда","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"endbrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"38","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"19","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"posterior parolfactory sulcus","standardAcronym":"ppos","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=38","cDefinition":"refers to a vertical groove on the medial surface of the frontal lobe below the rostrum of the corpus callosum. Demonstrated by dissection, it separates the subcallosal gyrus rostrally from the paraterminal gyrus (also known as the 'subcallosal gyrus'), caudally. It is found only in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior parolfactory sulcus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus parolfactorius posterior","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon para-olfactif postérieur","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"задняя околообонятельная борозда","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"endbrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"39","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"20","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","standardName":"cerebral cortex","standardAcronym":"Cx","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","cDefinition":"refers to the most prominent part of the endbrain as defined by dissection and Nissl stain. It derives developmentally from the cortical plate of the embryonic Encephalon. In the adult human its average volume (two hemispheres combined) is 550 cubic centimeters, and the total number of neurons is estimated at 23 billion. Its surface area in the adult is three times greater than at birth, and two thirds of the surface is hidden in the walls of the sulci ( Zilles-2012 ).\r\nIn the human ( Mai-2004 ) and the macaque ( Martin-2000 ) it is divided by sulci and fissures into six lobes: the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe, limbic lobe, and insula. In the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Hof-2000 ) it is a smooth structure. \r\nIn the Functional CNS Model - Rat it is one of three components of the cerebrum. The other two are the cortical subplate nuclei and the cerebral nuclei. This definition is the same as the classical definition, except that layer 6b is provisionally classified with the cortical plate nuclei, not with the cerebral cortex ( Swanson-2004 ). \r\nThe cerebral cortex of primates is classically subdivided topographically into lobes and gyri, on the basis of sulcal landmarks. In functional models it is subdivided into regions and areas of neocortex and allocortex on the basis of internal architecture ( Stephan-1975 ). While primates and rodents share almost no topographic landmarks, most of the architectonic areas of the rodent brain have equivalents in the primate brain. A number of architectonically defined areas of the primate brain, however, have no equivalent in the rodent. Those include particularly areas in prefrontal cortex and at the junction of the parietal lobe, temporal lobe, and occipital lobe of the primate.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"cortex cerebri","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"korteks serebrum","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cerebral cortex","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"74106"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"cerebral cortex","synonymSource":"Bonin-1947","synonymSourceTitle":"The Neocortex of Macaca Mulatta","pubMedHits":"74106"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"cerebral cortex","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"74106"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"cerebral cortex","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"74106"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"cortical plate (areas)","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"1278"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"cortical plate (CTXpl)","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"cortical plate","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"1300"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Cortex cerebri","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"52"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Cortex cerebralis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1989","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Kortex","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Hirnmantel","synonymSource":"Schultze-1993","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomisches Wörterbuch","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"graue Rinde","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Hirnrinde","synonymSource":"Mai-2002","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Großhirnrinde","synonymSource":"Schultze-1993","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomisches Wörterbuch","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Mantel","synonymSource":"Schultze-1993","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomisches Wörterbuch","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Rinde","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"graue Substanz des Cortex cerebri","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"corteccia cerebrale","synonymSource":"Rigutti-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlante di Anatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"плащ (переднего мозга)","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"кора большого мозга","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"corteza cerebral","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"endbrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"endbrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Vertebrate Central Nervous System","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"endbrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Functional CNS - Human","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"endbrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"endbrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"endbrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"endbrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"endbrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"Cerebral Cortex Architecture","parentNeuroNamesId":"2835","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2835","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Cerebral Cortex Architecture","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pallium","parentNeuroNamesId":"3240","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3240","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3514","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3514","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"40","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"21","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"uncus","standardAcronym":"un","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=40","cDefinition":"refers to a superficial feature of the rostral part of the parahippocampal gyrus where it \"hooks around the hippocampal fissure to form a medially protruding convolution\" on the anteromedial surface of the temporal lobe ( Carpenter-1983 ). In the human, the underlying structures include the anterodorsal part of the entorhinal area rostrally and the portion of the hippocampus that bends back on itself caudally ( Mai-1997 ). In the macaque it is formed entirely by the hook portion of the hippocampus ( Paxinos-2009a ). Brain atlases of the rat and mouse show no equivalent feature.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"unkus","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"uncus","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"69"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"uncus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"153"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"uncus hippocampi","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"pyriform area (Crosby)","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Uncus","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"153"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Uncus","synonymSource":"Krieg-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Interpretive Atlas Of The Monkey's Brain","pubMedHits":"153"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Uncus hippocampi","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Haken","synonymSource":"Schultze-1993","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomisches Wörterbuch","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"uncus","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"uncus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"69"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"крючок гиппокампа","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"circunvolución uncinada","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"uncus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"gancho de la circunvolución del hipocampo","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"limbic lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"834","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=834","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"41","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"22","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"rhinal sulcus","standardAcronym":"rhs","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=41","cDefinition":"refers, in the primate, to a groove on the ventromedial surface of the temporal lobe that separates the entorhinal area of the parahippocampal gyrus from more lateral structures. In the human it separates the entorhinal area of the parahippocampal gyrus from the fusiform gyrus ( Carpenter-1983 ). Some authors regard it to be an extension of the collateral sulcus in the human ( Mai-2004 ). In the macaque it separates the entorhinal area from the inferior temporal gyrus ( Martin-2000 ). \r\nOne of only four 'grooves' in the cerebral cortex of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ), it runs longitudinally on the ventrolateral surface, almost the entire length of the cortex. Caudally it separates the entorhinal area ventrally from the ectorhinal area dorsally. More rostrally, the perirhinal area intervenes between those two areas, and the rhinal sulcus runs within it. At about the anterior-posterior level of the hypothalamus, the ectorhinal area disappears and the sulcus separates the entorhinal area and the perirhinal area ventrally from the agranular insula dorsally. Rostrally from there, it runs within the agranular insular area and most rostrally it separates the piriform area ventrally from the agranular insular area dorsally ( Swanson-2004 ). A similar but less prominent, interrupted sulcus is found in the mouse ( Hof-2000 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"sulkus rinal","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"sulcus rhinalis","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"rhinal sulcus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"75"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"rhinal sulcus","synonymSource":"Krieg-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Interpretive Atlas Of The Monkey's Brain","pubMedHits":"75"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"rhinal fissure","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"47"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"rhinal fissure (Turner, Rezius)","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus rhinalis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Fissura rhinalis","synonymSource":"Bonin-1947","synonymSourceTitle":"The Neocortex of Macaca Mulatta","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon rhinal","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"solco rinale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"носовая борозда","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"surco rinal","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"42","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"23","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"hippocampal fissure","standardAcronym":"his","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=42","cDefinition":"refers to a deep cleft on the medial surface of the temporal lobe of the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ). In those species it separates the dentate gyrus from the parasubiculum and presubiculum of the parahippocampal gyrus and from the subiculum of the hippocampal formation. In the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Hof-2000 ) it separates the dentate gyrus from the CA1 field of the hippocampal formation.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"sulcus hippocampalis","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"sulkus parahippokampal","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"hippocampal fissure (Gratiolet)","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"hippocampal sulcus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"15"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"hippocampal sulcus","synonymSource":"Krieg-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Interpretive Atlas Of The Monkey's Brain","pubMedHits":"15"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"hippocampal fissure","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"94"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"hippocampal fissure","synonymSource":"Bonin-1947","synonymSourceTitle":"The Neocortex of Macaca Mulatta","pubMedHits":"94"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"dentate fissure","synonymSource":"Stedman-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Stedman's Medical Dictionary","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"uncal sulcus","synonymSource":"Mai-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Fetal Development of the Central Nervous System","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus hippocampi","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon de l'hippocampe","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"solco ippocampale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fissura ippocampale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"борозда гиппокампа","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"гиппокампальная борозда","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"cisura del hipocampo","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"forebrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"27","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=27","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"forebrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"27","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=27","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"43","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"24","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"cingulate sulcus","standardAcronym":"cgs","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=43","cDefinition":"refers to a deep longitudinal cleft separating the limbic lobe from the frontal lobe and rostral portion of the parietal lobe in primates. Defined by dissection, it parallels the genu of the corpus callosum and the body of the corpus callosum. In the human it separates the cingulate gyrus from the superior frontal gyrus dorsal to the body and rostral to the genu. Caudally it separates the cingulate gyrus from the paracentral lobule, finally curving upward to define the boundary between the lobule and the precuneus ( Carpenter-1983 ). \r\nIn the macaque also, it separates the cingulate gyrus from the superior frontal gyrus rostrally; continuing caudally it separates the cingulate from the medial surfaces of the precentral gyrus, the postcentral gyrus and the superior parietal lobule ( Martin-2000 ). \r\nComparable structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"sulkus singulum","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cingulate sulcus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"130"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"cingulate sulcus","synonymSource":"Krieg-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Interpretive Atlas Of The Monkey's Brain","pubMedHits":"130"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"callosomarginal sulcus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"callosomarginal fissure","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"calloso-marginal sulcus","synonymSource":"Cunningham-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Contribution to the Surface Anatomy of the Cerebral Hemispheres with a Chapter upon Cranio-Cerebral Topography","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cingulate fissure","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus cinguli","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus cingulatus","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus callosomarginalis","synonymSource":"Szikla-1977","synonymSourceTitle":"Angiography Of The Human Brain Cortex: Atlas of Vascular Patterns and Stereotactic Cortical Localization","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon cingulaire","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"solco del cingolo","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"solco cingolato","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"поясная борозда","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"cisura callosomarginal","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"44","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"25","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"calcarine sulcus","standardAcronym":"ccs","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=44","cDefinition":"refers to a deep, internally complex fissure that opens onto the medial surface of the occipital lobe of the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). It separates the lingual gyrus ventrally from the cuneus and precuneus dorsally. In some cases it splits posteriorly into a dorsally curving superior calcarine sulcus and a ventrally curving inferior calcarine sulcus ( Duvernoy-1992; Martin-2000 ). Comparable structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"sulkus kalkarin","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fisura calcarina","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"calcarine sulcus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"120"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"calcarine sulcus","synonymSource":"Krieg-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Interpretive Atlas Of The Monkey's Brain","pubMedHits":"120"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"calcarine fissure","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"127"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"calcarine fissure","synonymSource":"Bonin-1947","synonymSourceTitle":"The Neocortex of Macaca Mulatta","pubMedHits":"127"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Fissura calcarina","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus calcarinus","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Sulcus calcarinus","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon calcarin","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"solco calcarino","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"шпорная борозда","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"cisura calcarina","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"45","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"26","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"anterior calcarine sulcus","standardAcronym":"acs","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=45","cDefinition":"refers to a rostral extension of the calcarine sulcus on the medial surface of caudal cerebral cortex in the human ( Roberts-1970 ). In some cases the extension reaches the hippocampal fissure ( Duvernoy-1992 ), in which case it defines the boundary between the isthmus of the cingulate gyrus and the parahippocampal gyrus of the limbic lobe. While the calcarine sulcus of the macaque ordinarily extends equally far into the limbic lobe, the rostral portion is not named ( Martin-2000; Paxinos-2009a ). Comparable structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior calcarine sulcus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior calcarine fissure","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"calcarine sulcus, anterior part","synonymSource":"HumanBrainInfo","synonymSourceTitle":"The HumanBrain.Info","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior calcarine sulcus","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"anterior calcarine sulcus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus calcarinus anterior","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon antécalcarin","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"46","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"27","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"simian fossa - obsolete","standardAcronym":"","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=46","cDefinition":"N/A","parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"47","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"28","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"collateral sulcus","standardAcronym":"cos","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=47","cDefinition":"refers to a groove that separates the lingual gyrus from the fusiform gyrus on the ventral surface of the temporal lobe in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"sulkus kolateral","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"sulcus collateralis","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"collateral sulcus","synonymSource":"Ono-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci","pubMedHits":"62"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"collateral sulcus","synonymSource":"Krieg-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Interpretive Atlas Of The Monkey's Brain","pubMedHits":"62"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"collateral fissure","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus collateralis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon occipitotemporal médial","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon collatéral","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"solco collaterale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"коллатеральная борозда","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"surco colateral","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"cisura colateral","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"48","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"29","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"central sulcus","standardAcronym":"cs","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=48","cDefinition":"refers to the groove that separates the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe. It is found in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"sulkus sentral Rolando","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"sulcus centralis","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"central sulcus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"525"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"central sulcus","synonymSource":"Krieg-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Interpretive Atlas Of The Monkey's Brain","pubMedHits":"525"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"central sulcus of Rolando","synonymSource":"Szabo-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"A stereotaxic atlas of the brain of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"central fissure","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"35"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Rolandic fissure","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"31"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"fissure of Rolando","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Sulcus centralis","synonymSource":"Sugar-1950","synonymSourceTitle":"Corticocortical connections of the cortex buried in the intraparietal and principal sulci of the monkey (Macaca mulatta)","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus centralis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus centralis cerebri","synonymSource":"Talairach-1988","synonymSourceTitle":"Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"sulcus centralis (Rolandi)","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Zentralfurche","synonymSource":"Schultze-1993","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomisches Wörterbuch","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"scissure centrale","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon central","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"Papio","synonymName":"scissure de Rolando","synonymSource":"Riche-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Stéréotaxique du Cerveau de Babouin (Papio papio)","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"scissura centrale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"solco centrale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"scissura di Rolando","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"solco verticale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"центральная борозда","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"Роландова борозда","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"cisura central (de Rolando)","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"49","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"30","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"lateral fissure","standardAcronym":"ls","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=49","cDefinition":"refers to the major groove that separates the superior temporal gyrus of the temporal lobe from the frontal lobe rostrally and the parietal lobe caudally. It is found in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). It overlies the insula, which is exposed by retraction of its dorsal and ventral walls. \r\nIn the human it is divided into the stem of the lateral fissure rostrally, the posterior limb of the lateral fissure (the central and major portion) and, at the caudal end, the terminal ascending limb of the lateral fissure and the terminal descending limb of the lateral fissure. It has four side branches into the frontal lobe: the anterior horizontal limb of the lateral fissure, the anterior ascending limb of the lateral fissure, and the anterior subcentral sulcus. It has one branch into the parietal lobe: the posterior subcentral sulcus; and one branch into the superior temporal gyrus: the transverse temporal sulcus ( Ono-1990 ). \r\nIn the macaque it is not subdivided and does not have side branches. Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"sulkus lateral","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"sulkus lateral Sylvius","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fisur lateral Sylvius","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral sulcus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"92"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"lateral sulcus","synonymSource":"Krieg-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Interpretive Atlas Of The Monkey's Brain","pubMedHits":"92"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Sylvian fissure","synonymSource":"Olszewski-1952","synonymSourceTitle":"The Thalamus Of The Macaca mulatta: An Atlas For Use With The Stereotaxic Instrument","pubMedHits":"677"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"lateral fissure of Sylvius","synonymSource":"Szabo-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"A stereotaxic atlas of the brain of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral fissure","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"34"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sylvian sulcus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"10"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral cerebral fissure","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"fissure of Sylvius","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"7"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus lateralis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"5"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus lateralis cerebri","synonymSource":"Talairach-1957","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas d'Anatomie Stereotaxique","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fissura lateralis","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fissura lateralis cerebri","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Fissura lateralis cerebri (Sylvii)","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"sulcus cerebri lateralis (Sylvii)","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"scissure latérale","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"Papio","synonymName":"scissure de Sylvius","synonymSource":"Riche-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Stéréotaxique du Cerveau de Babouin (Papio papio)","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon latéral","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"scissura di Silvio","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"scissura laterale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"solco laterale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"solco orizzontale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"боковая борозда","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"Сильвиева борозда","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"латеральная борозда","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"cisura lateral (de Silvio)","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"50","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"31","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"limen insula","standardAcronym":"lmi","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=50","cDefinition":"refers to the rostral surface of the junction between the insula and the temporal lobe in the human ( Ture-1999 ) and the macaque ( Mesulam-1982 ). More specifically, in the human it is the rostral surface of the junction of the anterior long gyrus of the insula with the piriform area of the parahippocampal gyrus. Identified by dissection, its medial border on the ventral surface of the brain is with the olfactory tubercle, which in primates is commonly referred to as the 'anterior perforated substance' ( Duvernoy-1992 ). The limen insula has no topological equivalent in the rat or mouse.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"limen insula","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"limen of the insula","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"limen insula","synonymSource":"Ture-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Topographic anatomy of the insular region","pubMedHits":"5"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Limen insulae","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"11"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"limen insulae","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"11"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"angulus gyri olfactorii lateralis","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus ambiens (Noback)","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Insel","synonymSource":"Schultze-1993","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomisches Wörterbuch","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"limen insulae","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"порог островка","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"угол латеральной обонятельной извилины","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"limen insula","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"5"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"pliegue falciforme de la ínsula","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"limen de la insula","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"51","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"32","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"limiting sulcus","standardAcronym":"crs","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=51","cDefinition":"refers to the boundary between the cortex of the insula and that of surrounding gyri of the frontal lobe, the parietal lobe and the temporal lobe. Equally well known as the 'circular sulcus', it is identified by dissection in higher primates.\r\nIn the human it has three parts: the anterior limiting sulcus, which separates the anterior insula from the basal operculum of the orbital gyri; the superior limiting sulcus, which separates the dorsal part of the insula from the frontal operculum and the parietal operculum; and the inferior limiting sulcus, which separates the insula ventrally from the superior temporal gyrus ( Ture-1999 ). The limiting sulcus of the macaque is similar except that it has no anterior component ( Mufson-1997 ). \r\nEquivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat and mouse ( NeuroNames ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"sulkus sirkular","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"circular sulcus of the insula","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"circular sulcus of insula","synonymSource":"Mufson-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Chemical neuroanatomy of the primate insula cortex: relationship to cytoarchitectonics, connectivity, function and neurodegeneration","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"circular sulcus (of Reil)","synonymSource":"Mufson-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Chemical neuroanatomy of the primate insula cortex: relationship to cytoarchitectonics, connectivity, function and neurodegeneration","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"circular insular sulcus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"limiting fissure","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"circular fissure","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"peri-insular sulcus","synonymSource":"Morecraft-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Segregated parallel inputs to the brachial spinal cord from the cingulate motor cortex in the monkey","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"circuminsular fissure","synonymSource":"Gray-1918a","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomy of the Human Body","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"circuminsular sulcus","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"marginal sulcus of insula","synonymSource":"Szikla-1977","synonymSourceTitle":"Angiography Of The Human Brain Cortex: Atlas of Vascular Patterns and Stereotactic Cortical Localization","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"marginal insular sulcus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"periinsular sulci","synonymSource":"Ture-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Topographic anatomy of the insular region","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"circular sulcus","synonymSource":"Martin-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Primate Brain Maps: Structure Of The Macaque Brain","pubMedHits":"13"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"limiting sulcus","synonymSource":"Tanriover-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Microsurgical anatomy of the insula and the sylvian fissure","pubMedHits":"16"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus circularis insulae","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus marginalis insulae","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon circulaire de l'insula","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"реилевая борозда","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"круговая борозда островка (Рейля)","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"52","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"33","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"parieto-occipital sulcus","standardAcronym":"pos","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=52","cDefinition":"refers to the groove in the cerebral cortex that separates the precuneus of the parietal lobe from the cuneus of the occipital lobe on the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere. It is found in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). In the macaque it merges with the intraparietal sulcus, and the lunate sulcus of the macaque on the dorsal surface of the brain ( Kappers-1960 ). Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"sulkus parieto-oksipital","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"sulcus parietooccipitalis","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"parieto-occipital sulcus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"72"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"parieto-occipital sulcus","synonymSource":"Krieg-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Interpretive Atlas Of The Monkey's Brain","pubMedHits":"72"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"parieto-occipital incisure","synonymSource":"Bonin-1947","synonymSourceTitle":"The Neocortex of Macaca Mulatta","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"parieto-occipital fissure","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"17"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"parietooccipital sulcus","synonymSource":"Vogt-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Human cingulate cortex: surface features, flat maps, and cytoarchitecture","pubMedHits":"11"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus parieto-occipitalis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1989","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus parietoccipitalis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus parietooccipitalis","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Cercocebus torquatus","synonymName":"Sulcus parieto-occipitalis medialis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1905","synonymSourceTitle":"Beitraege zur histologischen Lokalisation der Grosshirnrinde: dritte Mitteilung: Die Rindenfelder der niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fissura parieto-occipitalis","synonymSource":"Cunningham-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Contribution to the Surface Anatomy of the Cerebral Hemispheres with a Chapter upon Cranio-Cerebral Topography","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"scissure pariéto-occipitale","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"solco parieto-occipitale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"предзатылочная вырезка","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"теменно-затылочная борозда","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"cisura parietooccipital","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"53","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"34","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"medial parieto-occipital sulcus","standardAcronym":"apos","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=53","cDefinition":"refers to a small three-limbed groove located on the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere of the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). Defined by dissection, it marks the four-way junction of the occipital lobe and parietal lobe with the posterior cingulate gyrus and isthmus of the cingulate gyrus ( limbic lobe ). It is equivalent to the lower part of the splenial sulcus of the human ( Ono-1990 ). In the macaque the upper part, the subparietal sulcus, is detached ( Bonin-1947 ).\r\nEquivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"medial parieto-occipital fissure","synonymSource":"Bonin-1947","synonymSourceTitle":"The Neocortex of Macaca Mulatta","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"anterior parieto-occipital sulcus","synonymSource":"Martin-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Primate Brain Maps: Structure Of The Macaque Brain","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"medial parieto-occipital sulcus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"accessory parieto-occipital sulcus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009a","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain, Second Edition","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Sulcus parieto-occipitalis anterior","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"54","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"35","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"preoccipital notch","standardAcronym":"pon","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=54","cDefinition":"refers to a depression in the inferior margin of the cerebral cortex viewed from the side. It marks the boundary between the parietal lobe and the occipital lobe in the human ( Ono-1990 ). \r\nThe inferior occipital sulcus forms a similar depression in the inferior cortical margin of the macaque ( Martin 2000 ). It marks the boundary between the parietal lobe and the occipital lobe but is not ordinarily referred to as 'preoccipital notch'.\r\nEquivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"insisura praoccipitalis","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"preoccipital notch","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"occipital notch","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"preoccipital incisure","synonymSource":"Kretschmann-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Cranial Neuroimaging and Clinical Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"preoccipital incisura","synonymSource":"Ono-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Incisura preoccipitalis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Incisura praeoccipitalis","synonymSource":"Nieuwenhuys-1987","synonymSourceTitle":"Illustrations of the gross anatomy of the brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"incisura parieto-occipitalis","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"scissure temporo-occipitale","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"incisure temporo-occipitale","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"incisure pré-occipitale","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"scissure pré-occipitale","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"incisura preoccipitale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"предзатылочная вырезка","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"escotadura preoccipital","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"55","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"36","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"occipitotemporal sulcus","standardAcronym":"ots","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=55","cDefinition":"refers to a groove on the ventral surface of the temporal lobe that marks the boundary between the inferior temporal gyrus and the fusiform gyrus. It is found in the human ( Ono-1990 ) and the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"occipitotemporal sulcus","synonymSource":"Ono-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci","pubMedHits":"22"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"occipitotemporal sulcus","synonymSource":"Krieg-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Interpretive Atlas Of The Monkey's Brain","pubMedHits":"22"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"occipitotemporal sulcus","synonymSource":"Bonin-1947","synonymSourceTitle":"The Neocortex of Macaca Mulatta","pubMedHits":"22"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"occipito-temporal sulcus","synonymSource":"Szabo-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"A stereotaxic atlas of the brain of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)","pubMedHits":"11"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"third temporal sulcus","synonymSource":"Szikla-1977","synonymSourceTitle":"Angiography Of The Human Brain Cortex: Atlas of Vascular Patterns and Stereotactic Cortical Localization","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"inferior temporal sulcus (Szikla)","synonymSource":"Szikla-1977","synonymSourceTitle":"Angiography Of The Human Brain Cortex: Atlas of Vascular Patterns and Stereotactic Cortical Localization","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"inferior temporal sulcus (Roberts)","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"inferior temporal fissure (Crosby)","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"inferior temporal sulcus-2","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral occipitotemporal sulcus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus occipitotemporalis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus temporalis inferior (Roberts)","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon occipitotemporal latéral","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"затылочно-височная борозда","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"нижняя височная борозда","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"56","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"37","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","standardName":"frontal lobe","standardAcronym":"FL","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","cDefinition":"refers to one of six divisions of the cerebral cortex defined by dissection in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). The most rostral of the lobes, it is separated from the parietal lobe by the central sulcus, from the temporal lobe by the lateral fissure, from the limbic lobe by the cingulate sulcus, and from the insula by the superior limiting sulcus.\r\nIn the human the frontal lobe is composed of two groups of gyri and seven individual gyri. The groups are the transverse frontopolar gyri and the orbital gyri. Individual gyri on the dorsolateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere include the superior frontal gyrus, the middle frontal gyrus, the inferior frontal gyrus and the precentral gyrus; those on the mesial side of the hemisphere include part of the superior frontal gyrus, the superior rostral gyrus, the inferior rostral gyrus, and the straight gyrus.\r\nThe frontal lobe of the macaque is the same except that it lacks transverse frontopolar gyri, a superior rostral gyrus, and an inferior rostral gyrus.\r\nEquivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"lobus frontal","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"frontal lobe","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"21701"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"frontal lobe","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"21701"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"frontal cortex","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"11166"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lobus frontalis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lobi frontales","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Mozga Cheloveka (Atlas of the Human Brain)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Stirnlappen","synonymSource":"Schultze-1993","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomisches Wörterbuch","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"lobe frontal","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"lobo frontale","synonymSource":"Rigutti-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlante di Anatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"лобная доля","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"lóbulo frontal","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"57","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"38","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"frontal pole","standardAcronym":"frp","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=57","cDefinition":"refers to the rostral tip of the cerebral cortex. It is a superficial feature found in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ), macaque ( Martin-2000 ), rat ( Swanson-2004 ), and mouse ( Hof-2000 ). In the rat and mouse it refers to the tip of the portion of cerebral cortex that terminates dorsal to the olfactory bulb, which, in rodents, extends rostrally a few millimeters further. Some authors use the term in reference to a subdivision of the cerebral cortex at its rostral extreme ( see frontopolar area ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"kutub frontal","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"frontal pole","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"209"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Polus frontalis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Polus frontalis","synonymSource":"Krieg-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Interpretive Atlas Of The Monkey's Brain","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Frontalpol","synonymSource":"Kahle-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"Taschenatlas der Anatomie
\r\nVolume 3: Nervensystem und Sinnesorgane","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"pole frontal","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"polo frontale","synonymSource":"Rigutti-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlante di Anatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"лобный полюс","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"фронтальный полюс","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"polo frontal","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"58","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"39","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"frontal operculum - obsolete","standardAcronym":"fro","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=58","cDefinition":"N/A","parents":[{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"59","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"40","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"orbital operculum of the frontal lobe - obsolete","standardAcronym":"","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=59","cDefinition":"N/A","parents":[{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"60","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"41","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"precentral operculum - obsolete","standardAcronym":"","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=60","cDefinition":"N/A","parents":[{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"61","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"42","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"superior frontal sulcus","standardAcronym":"sfrs","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=61","cDefinition":"refers to a groove that parallels the longitudinal fissure on the dorsal surface of the frontal lobe. Separating the superior frontal gyrus from the middle frontal gyrus, it exists only in the human. \r\nSome authors use the term 'sulcus frontalis superior' in reference to the posterior supraprincipal dimple of the macaque. They do not, however, regard that to be a homologous structure; the macaque does not have a superior frontal sulcus ( Bonin-1947 ). The superior frontal sulcus and the superior precentral sulcus of the human correspond to the superior limb of the arcuate sulcus of the macaque ( Matelli-2004 ). And equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"sulkus frontal superior","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superior frontal fissure","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"sulcus f1","synonymSource":"Cunningham-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Contribution to the Surface Anatomy of the Cerebral Hemispheres with a Chapter upon Cranio-Cerebral Topography","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superior frontal sulcus","synonymSource":"Ono-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci","pubMedHits":"106"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus frontalis superior","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus frontalis primus","synonymSource":"Cunningham-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Contribution to the Surface Anatomy of the Cerebral Hemispheres with a Chapter upon Cranio-Cerebral Topography","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon frontal supérieur","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"solco frontale superiore","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"верхняя лобная борозда","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"cisura frontal superior","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"62","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"43","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"middle frontal sulcus","standardAcronym":"mfs","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=62","cDefinition":"refers to a short groove embedded in the middle frontal gyrus of the human. Located rostral to the intermediate precentral sulcus, it runs parallel to the superior frontal sulcus above and the inferior frontal sulcus below ( Ono-1990 ). It is not found in the macaque, and an equivalent structure is not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"sulcus f3","synonymSource":"Cunningham-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Contribution to the Surface Anatomy of the Cerebral Hemispheres with a Chapter upon Cranio-Cerebral Topography","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"intermediate frontal sulcus","synonymSource":"Ono-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"middle frontal fissure","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"middle frontal sulcus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus frontalis medius","synonymSource":"Szikla-1977","synonymSourceTitle":"Angiography Of The Human Brain Cortex: Atlas of Vascular Patterns and Stereotactic Cortical Localization","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus frontalis medius (Eberstaller)","synonymSource":"Cunningham-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Contribution to the Surface Anatomy of the Cerebral Hemispheres with a Chapter upon Cranio-Cerebral Topography","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus frontalis intermedius","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon frontal moyen","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"6"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"solco frontale medio","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"средняя лобная извилина","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"средняя лобная борозда","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Mozga Cheloveka (Atlas of the Human Brain)","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"63","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"44","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"inferior frontal sulcus","standardAcronym":"ifrs","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=63","cDefinition":"refers to a groove that parallels the lateral fissure on the lower lateral surface of the frontal lobe. Separating the middle frontal gyrus from the inferior frontal gyrus, it exists only in the human. It is not found in the macaque, and an equivalent structure is not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"sulkus frontal inferior","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"inferior frontal sulcus (human)","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"sulcus f2","synonymSource":"Cunningham-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Contribution to the Surface Anatomy of the Cerebral Hemispheres with a Chapter upon Cranio-Cerebral Topography","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"inferior frontal fissure","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"inferior frontal sulcus","synonymSource":"Ono-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci","pubMedHits":"99"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus frontalis inferior","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus frontalis secundus","synonymSource":"Cunningham-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Contribution to the Surface Anatomy of the Cerebral Hemispheres with a Chapter upon Cranio-Cerebral Topography","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon frontal inférieur","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"нижняя лобная борозда","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"cisura frontal inferior","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"64","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"45","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"superior limb of the arcuate sulcus","standardAcronym":"slas","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=64","cDefinition":"refers to the upper, horizontal branch of the arcuate sulcus in the frontal lobe of the macaque. Defined by dissection, it separates the superior frontal gyrus from the middle frontal gyrus ( Martin-2000 ). It may be homologous to the superior frontal sulcus and superior precentral sulcus of the adult human. (See arcuate sulcus for details.) Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"horizontal arcuate sulcus","synonymSource":"Krieg-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Interpretive Atlas Of The Monkey's Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"horizontal ramus of arcuate sulcus","synonymSource":"Walker-1940","synonymSourceTitle":"A cytoarchitectural study of the prefrontal area of the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"superior arcuate sulcus","synonymSource":"Matelli-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Motor Cortex","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"superior ramus of the arcuate sulcus","synonymSource":"Szabo-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"A stereotaxic atlas of the brain of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"superior limb of the arcuate sulcus","synonymSource":"Matelli-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Motor Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"Ramus superior sulcus arcuatus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"65","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"46","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"inferior ramus of the arcuate sulcus","standardAcronym":"iras","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=65","cDefinition":"refers to the lower, diagonal branch of the arcuate sulcus in the frontal lobe of the macaque. Defined by dissection, it separates the precentral gyrus caudally from the inferior frontal gyrus rostrally ( Martin-2000 ). Architectonically it separates the secondary motor cortex caudally from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex rostrally. \r\nIt may be homologous to the inferior precentral sulcus of the adult human ( See arcuate sulcus for details. ) Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"vertical arcuate sulcus","synonymSource":"Krieg-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Interpretive Atlas Of The Monkey's Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"vertical ramus of arcuate sulcus","synonymSource":"Walker-1940","synonymSourceTitle":"A cytoarchitectural study of the prefrontal area of the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"inferior arcuate sulcus","synonymSource":"Matelli-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Motor Cortex","pubMedHits":"9"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"inferior ramus of the arcuate sulcus","synonymSource":"Szabo-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"A stereotaxic atlas of the brain of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"Ramus inferior sulcus arcuatus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"66","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"47","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"principal sulcus","standardAcronym":"prs","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=66","cDefinition":"refers to a superficial feature of the frontal lobe of the macaque. Located on the dorsolateral surface, it is a horizontal groove extending toward the frontal pole from the angle of the arcuate sulcus ( Krieg-1975; Walker-1940 ). The adult human brain has no feature topologically equivalent to it ( Matelli-2004 ). While the fetal cortex of the 32-33 week human has such a feature, it is more likely homologous to the inferior frontal sulcus of the adult human ( Savel'ev-2005 ). It is not present in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or the mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"principal sulcus (macaque)","synonymSource":"Krieg-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Interpretive Atlas Of The Monkey's Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"rectus sulcus","synonymSource":"Szabo-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"A stereotaxic atlas of the brain of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"inferior frontal sulcus (Walker)","synonymSource":"Walker-1940","synonymSourceTitle":"A cytoarchitectural study of the prefrontal area of the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"sulcus rectus (Walker)","synonymSource":"Walker-1940","synonymSourceTitle":"A cytoarchitectural study of the prefrontal area of the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Sulcus principalis","synonymSource":"Sugar-1950","synonymSourceTitle":"Corticocortical connections of the cortex buried in the intraparietal and principal sulci of the monkey (Macaca mulatta)","pubMedHits":"22"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Sulcus frontalis","synonymSource":"Clarke-1920","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of photographs of frontal sections of the cranium and brain of the rhesus monkey (Macacus Rhesus)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Sulcus frontalis principalis","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"solco principale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"67","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"48","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"diagonal sulcus","standardAcronym":"dias","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=67","cDefinition":"refers to a branch from the lateral fissure into the inferior frontal gyrus of the human. Defined by dissection, it is embedded within the opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus ( Ono-1990; Ture-1999 ). Some authors indicate that it separates the opercular part from the more caudal portion of the inferior frontal gyrus ( Duvernoy-1992 ). Branches from the lateral fissure are not found in the macaque, nor is the lateral fissure itself found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"diagonal sulcus (human)","synonymSource":"Ono-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"diagonal sulcus","synonymSource":"Ono-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci","pubMedHits":"7"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus diagonalis","synonymSource":"Cunningham-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Contribution to the Surface Anatomy of the Cerebral Hemispheres with a Chapter upon Cranio-Cerebral Topography","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sulcus diagonalis","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"68","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"49","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"anterior ascending limb of the lateral fissure","standardAcronym":"aals","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=68","cDefinition":"refers to a superficial feature of the frontal lobe of the human. It is a branch from the lateral fissure that separates the triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus from the opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus in the human ( Ono-1990 ). It is identified by dissection, Branches from the lateral fissure are not found in the macaque, nor is the lateral fissure itself found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ascending ramus of Sylvian fissure","synonymSource":"Ono-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior ascending limb of lateral fissure","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior ascending ramus of lateral sulcus","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"middle ramus of lateral fissure","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superior branch of lateral fissure","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ascending branch of lateral sulcus","synonymSource":"Kretschmann-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Cranial Neuroimaging and Clinical Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior ascending limb of the lateral fissure ","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Ramus verticalis fissurae sylvii","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Ramus anterior ascendens fissurae lateralis","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Ramus ascendens sulcus lateralis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus lateralis, ramus ascendens","synonymSource":"Nieuwenhuys-1987","synonymSourceTitle":"Illustrations of the gross anatomy of the brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"ramus ascendens sulci cerebri lateralis (Sylvii)","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"rameau vertical de la scissure latérale","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"восходящая ветвь латеральной борозды (Сильвиевой)","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"69","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"50","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"anterior horizontal limb of the lateral fissure","standardAcronym":"ahls","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=69","cDefinition":"refers to a superficial feature of the frontal lobe of the human. It is a branch from the lateral fissure that separates the orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus from the triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus in the human ( Ono-1990 ). It is identified by dissection, Branches from the lateral fissure are not found in the macaque, nor is the lateral fissure itself found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"ramus anterior (horizontal) sulkus lateral","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior horizontal limb of lateral fissure","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"horizontal limb of lateral fissure","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior branch of lateral sulcus","synonymSource":"Kretschmann-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Cranial Neuroimaging and Clinical Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior horizontal ramus of lateral fissure","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"horizontal ramus of Sylvian fissure","synonymSource":"Ono-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior horizontal limb of the lateral fissure","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Ramus horizontalis fissurae sylvii","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Ramus anterior horizontalis sulcus lateralis","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Ramus anterior sulcus lateralis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus lateralis, ramus anterior","synonymSource":"Nieuwenhuys-1987","synonymSourceTitle":"Illustrations of the gross anatomy of the brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"rameau horizontal de la scissure latérale","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"передняя ветвь латеральной борозды","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"70","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"51","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"paracentral sulcus","standardAcronym":"pcs","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=70","cDefinition":"refers to a superficial feature of the frontal lobe of the human. Located on the medial surface, it separates the paracentral lobule caudally from the superior frontal gyrus rostrally. In some cases it is continuous with the superior precentral sulcus on the dorsal surface of the lobe ( Carpenter-1983 ). Identified by dissection, it is not found in the macaque nor in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat and mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"paracentral sulcus","synonymSource":"Szikla-1977","synonymSourceTitle":"Angiography Of The Human Brain Cortex: Atlas of Vascular Patterns and Stereotactic Cortical Localization","pubMedHits":"5"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"paracentral sulcus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus paracentralis","synonymSource":"Ono-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus subcentralis medialis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon paracentral","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"околоцентральная борозда","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"cisura paracentral","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"71","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"52","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"superior precentral sulcus","standardAcronym":"sprs","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=71","cDefinition":"refers to a superficial feature identified by dissection in the frontal lobe. It is located on the dorsal surface and, in the human, separates the precentral gyrus caudally from the superior frontal gyrus and the upper part of the middle frontal gyrus rostrally ( Duvernoy-1992 ). \r\nIt should not be confused with the superior precentral dimple of the macaque. Sometimes referred to as a sulcus ( Szabo-1984 ), the dimple is a very short horizontal groove embedded in the precentral gyrus of that species ( Paxinos-2009a ). Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superior precentral sulcus","synonymSource":"Szikla-1977","synonymSourceTitle":"Angiography Of The Human Brain Cortex: Atlas of Vascular Patterns and Stereotactic Cortical Localization","pubMedHits":"17"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superior part of precentral fissure","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus praecentralis superior","synonymSource":"Cunningham-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Contribution to the Surface Anatomy of the Cerebral Hemispheres with a Chapter upon Cranio-Cerebral Topography","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon précentral supérieur","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"верхняя предцентральная борозда","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"72","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"53","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"inferior precentral sulcus","standardAcronym":"iprs","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=72","cDefinition":"refers to a superficial feature of the frontal lobe of the human. Identified by dissection, it is a short groove located on the lateral surface, rostral and parallel to the central sulcus. It separates the precentral gyrus from the lower part of the middle frontal gyrus and the inferior frontal gyrus ( Ono-1990 ). It is not found in the macaque nor in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"inferior part of precentral fissure","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"inferior precentral sulcus","synonymSource":"Szikla-1977","synonymSourceTitle":"Angiography Of The Human Brain Cortex: Atlas of Vascular Patterns and Stereotactic Cortical Localization","pubMedHits":"28"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus precentralis inferior","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus praecentralis inferior","synonymSource":"Cunningham-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Contribution to the Surface Anatomy of the Cerebral Hemispheres with a Chapter upon Cranio-Cerebral Topography","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon précentral inférieur","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"нижняя предцентральная борозда","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"73","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"54","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"anterior subcentral sulcus","standardAcronym":"ascs","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=73","cDefinition":"refers to a superficial feature of the frontal lobe in the human. Identified by dissection, it is a branch from the lateral fissure into the precentral gyrus, caudal to the diagonal sulcus ( Ono-1990 ). Branches from the lateral fissure are not found in the macaque, nor is the lateral fissure itself found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior subcentral sulcus","synonymSource":"Ono-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus subcentralis anterior","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon subcentral antérieur","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"74","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"56","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"superior rostral sulcus","standardAcronym":"sros","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=74","cDefinition":"refers to a superficial feature of the frontal lobe in humans that have two sulci dorsal and parallel to the straight gyrus. The more ventral is the rostral sulcus; this is the more dorsal ( Vogt-1995 ). It is not found in the macaque nor in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superior rostral sulcus","synonymSource":"Vogt-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Human cingulate cortex: surface features, flat maps, and cytoarchitecture","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus rostralis superior","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"75","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"57","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"inferior rostral sulcus - obsolete","standardAcronym":"iros","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=75","cDefinition":"N/A","parents":[{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"76","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"58","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"rostral sulcus","standardAcronym":"ros","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=76","cDefinition":"refers to a superficial feature of the frontal lobe identified by dissection. In the human it is a horizontal groove on the lower medial surface that separates the straight gyrus below from the inferior rostral gyrus above ( Mai-1997 ); in brains that have parallel sulci dorsal to the straight gyrus, it is called the inferior rostral sulcus ( Vogt-1995 ). In the macaque, which does not have an inferior rostral gyrus or a superior rostral gyrus, it separates the straight gyrus from the anterior cingulate gyrus ( Martin-2000 ). Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"rostral sulcus","synonymSource":"Bonin-1947","synonymSourceTitle":"The Neocortex of Macaca Mulatta","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"rostral sulcus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"inferior rostral sulcus","synonymSource":"Vogt-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Human cingulate cortex: surface features, flat maps, and cytoarchitecture","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Sulcus rectus (Krieg)","synonymSource":"Krieg-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Interpretive Atlas Of The Monkey's Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"sulcus rectus","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus rostralis inferior","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon susorbitaire","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon rostralis","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"прямая борозда","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"77","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"59","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"fronto-orbital sulcus","standardAcronym":"fros","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=77","cDefinition":"refers to a superficial feature of the frontal lobe identified by dissection. Found in about half of human brains, it is a groove located low on the lateral surface of the lobe, where it parallels the ventral surface of the orbital gyri ( Ono-1990 ). In the macaque it is a short sloping groove embedded rostrally in the inferior frontal gyrus at its margin with the orbital gyri ( Martin-2000 ). Some macaques lack a sulcus but have an infraprincipal dimple between the principal sulcus and the lower margin of the frontal lobe at about the same anterior-posterior level. Equivalent structures to not appear in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"fronto-orbital sulcus","synonymSource":"Ono-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"fronto-orbital sulcus","synonymSource":"Szabo-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"A stereotaxic atlas of the brain of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"orbito-frontal sulcus","synonymSource":"Bonin-1947","synonymSourceTitle":"The Neocortex of Macaca Mulatta","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus fronto-orbitalis","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Papio ursinus","synonymName":"Sulcus fronto-orbitalis","synonymSource":"Cunningham-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Contribution to the Surface Anatomy of the Cerebral Hemispheres with a Chapter upon Cranio-Cerebral Topography","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"Sulcus front-orbitalis","synonymSource":"Bonin-1947","synonymSourceTitle":"The Neocortex of Macaca Mulatta","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"78","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"60","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"olfactory sulcus","standardAcronym":"olfs","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=78","cDefinition":"refers to a superficial feature of the frontal lobe. Defined by dissection it is a deep groove on the ventral surface that overlies the olfactory bulb and and olfactory tract. It separates the straight gyrus on the medial margin of the lobe from the medial orbital gyrus. It is found in the human ( Mai-1997 ) and the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). An equivalent structure does not appear in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"olfactory sulcus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"25"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"olfactory sulcus","synonymSource":"Krieg-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Interpretive Atlas Of The Monkey's Brain","pubMedHits":"25"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus olfactorius","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon olfactif","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon orbitaire médial","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"solco olfattivo","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"обонятельная борозда","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"surco olfatorio","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"79","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"61","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"orbital sulci","standardAcronym":"orbs","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=79","cDefinition":"refers to superficial features of the ventral surface of the frontal lobe. In the human it is an H-shaped complex of intersecting grooves all of which are called simply 'orbital sulcus' ( Mai-1997; Ono-1990 ). Some authors refer to the groove forming the crossbar of the H as the transverse orbital sulcus ( Szikla-1977 ). The convolution between the legs of the H caudal to the transverse orbital sulcus is the posterior orbital gyrus; that rostral to the crossbar is the lateral orbital gyrus. About 60% of humans have an unnamed sulcus extending from the transverse orbital sulcus rostrally toward the frontal pole ( Ono-1990 ). When that is present it adds an intermediate orbital gyrus to the lateral orbital gyrus rostral to the transverse sulcus. The convolution medial to the H is the straight gyrus; that lateral to the H is the orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus ( Mai-1997 ).\r\nIn the macaque the ventral surface of the frontal lobe has two sulci, which correspond to the legs of the H in the human: the medial orbital sulcus and the lateral orbital sulcus. The convolution between them is the lateral orbital gyrus ( Martin-2000 ). Some have an intermediate orbital sulcus located between and parallel to the medial and lateral sulci ( Paxinos-2009a ). As in the human, the convolution medial to the medial orbital sulcus is the straight gyrus. The convolution lateral to it is the fronto-orbital gyrus. The macaque does not have a transverse orbital sulcus ( NeuroNames ).\r\nEquivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"sulkus-sulkus orbital","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"orbital sulci","synonymSource":"Ono-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci","pubMedHits":"7"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"orbital sulcus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus orbitalis","synonymSource":"Szikla-1977","synonymSourceTitle":"Angiography Of The Human Brain Cortex: Atlas of Vascular Patterns and Stereotactic Cortical Localization","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulci orbitales","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon orbitaire en H","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"глазничные борозды","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"80","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"62","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"transverse orbital sulcus","standardAcronym":"tos","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=80","cDefinition":"refers to a superficial feature of the orbital surface of the frontal lobe in the human. Identified by dissection, it is a groove that forms the crossbar of the H-shaped orbital sulci ( Szikla-1977 ). It is not found in the macaque or in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"transverse orbital sulcus (human)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"transverse orbital sulcus","synonymSource":"Szikla-1977","synonymSourceTitle":"Angiography Of The Human Brain Cortex: Atlas of Vascular Patterns and Stereotactic Cortical Localization","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus orbitalis transversus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon orbitaire arqué","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon orbitaire transverse","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"81","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"63","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"lateral orbital sulcus","standardAcronym":"los","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=81","cDefinition":"refers to a superficial feature identified by dissection on the ventral surface of the frontal lobe. In the human it constitutes the lateral leg of the H-shaped orbital sulci. It separates the lateral orbital gyrus from the (more medial) posterior orbital gyrus, which lies caudal to the transverse orbital sulcus. Rostral to the transverse orbital sulcus, it separates the lateral orbital gyrus from the (more lateral) orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus ( Mai-1997 ). In the macaque it separates the lateral orbital gyrus from the fronto-orbital gyrus ( Martin-2000 ).\r\nEquivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"lateral orbital sulcus","synonymSource":"Krieg-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Interpretive Atlas Of The Monkey's Brain","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Sulcus orbitalis externus","synonymSource":"Clarke-1920","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of photographs of frontal sections of the cranium and brain of the rhesus monkey (Macacus Rhesus)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus orbitalis lateralis","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon orbitaire latéral","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"82","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"64","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"medial orbital sulcus","standardAcronym":"mos","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=82","cDefinition":"refers to a superficial feature identified by dissection on the ventral surface of the frontal lobe. In the human it constitutes the medial leg of the H-shaped orbital sulci. There it separates the medial orbital gyrus from the posterior orbital gyrus caudal to the transverse orbital sulcus and from the intermediate orbital gyrus or lateral orbital gyrus rostral to that sulcus ( Mai-1997 ). In the macaque it separates the medial orbital gyrus from the lateral orbital gyrus ( Martin-2000 ).\r\nEquivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial orbital sulcus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"medial orbital sulcus","synonymSource":"Krieg-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Interpretive Atlas Of The Monkey's Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus orbitalis medialis","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Sulcus orbitalis internus","synonymSource":"Clarke-1920","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of photographs of frontal sections of the cranium and brain of the rhesus monkey (Macacus Rhesus)","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"83","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"65","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"superior frontal gyrus","standardAcronym":"SFG","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=83","cDefinition":"refers to the convolution of the frontal lobe that is located on the dorsal surface facing the longitudinal fissure. In the human it is bounded caudally by the precentral gyrus, from which it is separated by the superior precentral sulcus; it extends rostrally to the superior frontopolar gyrus. On the medial surface it is separated from the anterior cingulate gyrus by the cingulate sulcus. On the dorsolateral surface it is separated from the middle frontal gyrus by the superior frontal sulcus ( Mai-1997 ). In the macaque it extends from the spur of the arcuate sulcus to the frontal pole. The dorsolateral and medial boundaries are the same as in the human, except for a short ill-defined boundary with the straight gyrus where the cingulate sulcus ends short of the frontal pole ( Martin-2000 ).\r\nEquivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"girus frontalis superior","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"girus frontal superior","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superior frontal gyrus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"416"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"superior frontal gyrus","synonymSource":"Krieg-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Interpretive Atlas Of The Monkey's Brain","pubMedHits":"416"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"marginal gyrus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"23"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superior frontal convolution","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus frontalis superior","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca nemestrina","synonymName":"Gyrus frontalis superior","synonymSource":"Winters-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Brain Atlas For Macaca nemestrina","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus frontalis primus","synonymSource":"Cunningham-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Contribution to the Surface Anatomy of the Cerebral Hemispheres with a Chapter upon Cranio-Cerebral Topography","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus F1","synonymSource":"Cunningham-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Contribution to the Surface Anatomy of the Cerebral Hemispheres with a Chapter upon Cranio-Cerebral Topography","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"gyrus frontal supérieur","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"Papio","synonymName":"circonvolution frontale superieure","synonymSource":"Riche-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Stéréotaxique du Cerveau de Babouin (Papio papio)","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"giro frontale superiore","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"верхняя фронтальная извилина","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"верхняя лобная извилина","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"circunvolución frontal superior","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"84","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"66","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"middle frontal gyrus","standardAcronym":"MFG","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=84","cDefinition":"refers to a convolution of the frontal lobe identified by dissection. In the human it is located on the dorsolateral surface between the superior frontal sulcus, which separates it from the superior frontal gyrus, and the inferior frontal sulcus, which separates it from the inferior frontal gyrus caudally; the frontomarginal sulcus separates it from the frontomarginal gyrus rostrally.Caudally it is separated from the precentral gyrus by the precentral sulcus. In the macaque it extends from the angle of the arcuate sulcus to the frontal pole; it is bounded by the superior limb of the arcuate sulcus dorsally and by the principal sulcus ventrally.\r\nEquivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"girus frontal tengah","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"middle frontal gyrus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"569"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"middle frontal gyrus","synonymSource":"Krieg-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Interpretive Atlas Of The Monkey's Brain","pubMedHits":"569"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"intermediate frontal gyrus","synonymSource":"Ono-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial frontal gyrus (Mai)","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus frontalis medius","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"5"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca nemestrina","synonymName":"Gyrus frontalis medialis (Winters)","synonymSource":"Winters-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Brain Atlas For Macaca nemestrina","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus frontalis secundus","synonymSource":"Cunningham-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Contribution to the Surface Anatomy of the Cerebral Hemispheres with a Chapter upon Cranio-Cerebral Topography","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus F2","synonymSource":"Cunningham-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Contribution to the Surface Anatomy of the Cerebral Hemispheres with a Chapter upon Cranio-Cerebral Topography","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"gyrus frontal moyen","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"circonvolution frontale moyenne","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"giro frontale medio","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"срединная фронтальная извилина","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"circunvolución frontal media","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"85","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"67","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"inferior frontal gyrus","standardAcronym":"IFG","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=85","cDefinition":"refers to a convolution of the frontal lobe identified by dissection. In the human it is located on the lateral surface between the inferior frontal sulcus, which separates it from the middle frontal gyrus, and the lateral fissure, which separates it from the superior temporal gyrus and insula. Caudally it is separated from the precentral gyrus by the inferior precentral sulcus ( Ono-1990 ). It extends rostrally to the orbital gyri. \r\nIn the macaque it extends from the inferior ramus of the arcuate sulcus to the frontal pole; it is defined by the principal sulcus, which separates it from the middle frontal gyrus dorsally and by an arbitrary boundary with the fronto-orbital gyrus ventrally.\r\nEquivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"girus frontal inferior","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"inferior frontal gyrus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"1252"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"inferior frontal gyrus","synonymSource":"Krieg-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Interpretive Atlas Of The Monkey's Brain","pubMedHits":"1252"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"inferior frontal convolution","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus frontalis inferior","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"6"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca nemestrina","synonymName":"Gyrus frontalis inferior","synonymSource":"Winters-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Brain Atlas For Macaca nemestrina","pubMedHits":"6"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus frontalis tertius","synonymSource":"Cunningham-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Contribution to the Surface Anatomy of the Cerebral Hemispheres with a Chapter upon Cranio-Cerebral Topography","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus F3","synonymSource":"Cunningham-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Contribution to the Surface Anatomy of the Cerebral Hemispheres with a Chapter upon Cranio-Cerebral Topography","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Regio subfrontalis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"gyrus frontal inférieur","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"giro frontale inferiore","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"нижняя лобная извилина","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"нижняя фронтальная извилина","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"circunvolución frontal inferior","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"86","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"68","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus (human) - obsolete","standardAcronym":"","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=86","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"треугольная часть нижней фронтальной извилины","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"треугольная часть нижней лобной извилины","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"inferior frontal gyrus","parentNeuroNamesId":"85","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=85","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"inferior frontal gyrus","parentNeuroNamesId":"85","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=85","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"87","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"69","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus (human) - obsolete","standardAcronym":"","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=87","cDefinition":"N/A","parents":[{"parentStandardName":"inferior frontal gyrus","parentNeuroNamesId":"85","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=85","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"inferior frontal gyrus","parentNeuroNamesId":"85","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=85","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"88","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"70","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus (human) - obsolete","standardAcronym":"","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=88","cDefinition":"N/A","parents":[{"parentStandardName":"inferior frontal gyrus","parentNeuroNamesId":"85","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=85","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"inferior frontal gyrus","parentNeuroNamesId":"85","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=85","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"89","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"71","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"precentral gyrus","standardAcronym":"PrG","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=89","cDefinition":"refers to the convolution of cerebral cortex immediately rostral to the central sulcus in humans ( Carpenter-1983 ) and macaques ( Martin-2000 ). Defined by dissection, it is located at the caudal extreme of the frontal lobe. In the human it is variably bounded rostrally by the superior precentral sulcus, the intermediate precentral sulcus and the inferior precentral sulcus; it is bounded on the mesial surface of the hemisphere by the cingulate sulcus. Ventrolaterally it is bounded by the lateral fissure and forms a lip over the insula known as the precentral operculum. \r\nThe boundaries in the macaque are similar except that the rostral border is partially defined by the spur of the arcuate sulcus and the inferior ramus of the arcuate sulcus. It occupies a much larger proportion of the frontal lobe in the macaque than in the human. \r\nEquivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"girus presentral","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"precentral gyrus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"671"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"precentral gyrus","synonymSource":"Krieg-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Interpretive Atlas Of The Monkey's Brain","pubMedHits":"671"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"prerolandic gyrus","synonymSource":"Szikla-1977","synonymSourceTitle":"Angiography Of The Human Brain Cortex: Atlas of Vascular Patterns and Stereotactic Cortical Localization","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"precentral convolution","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"motor cortex (Noback)","synonymSource":"Noback-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"The Human Nervous System: Basic Principles of Neurobiology","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"anterior central gyrus","synonymSource":"Peele-1942","synonymSourceTitle":"Cytoarchitecture of individual parietal areas in the monkey (Macaca mulatta) and the distribution of the efferent fibers","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus precentralis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"8"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus praecentralis","synonymSource":"Nieuwenhuys-1987","synonymSourceTitle":"Illustrations of the gross anatomy of the brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca nemestrina","synonymName":"Gyrus centralis anterior","synonymSource":"Winters-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Brain Atlas For Macaca nemestrina","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"circonvolution frontale ascendante","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"gyrus précentral","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"giro precentrale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"передняя центральная извилина","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"предцентральная извилина","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"circunvolución precentral","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"circunvolución frontal ascendente","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"90","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"72","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"fronto-orbital gyrus","standardAcronym":"FOG","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=90","cDefinition":"refers to a convolution of the frontal lobe identified by dissection in the macaque. The most lateral of the orbital gyri, it is separated from the lateral orbital gyrus by the lateral orbital sulcus. It wraps around the lateral margin of the lobe, where it is separated from the inferior frontal gyrus by an arbitrary boundary. It extends from the frontal pole to the insula on the ventral surface and to the inferior ramus of the arcuate sulcus on the lateral surface ( Martin-2000 ). It may be equivalent to the frontomarginal gyrus of the human ( NeuroNames ).\r\nEquivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"fronto-orbital gyrus","synonymSource":"Krieg-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Interpretive Atlas Of The Monkey's Brain","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"Gyrus fronto-orbitalis","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"orbital gyri","parentNeuroNamesId":"91","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=91","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"orbital gyri","parentNeuroNamesId":"91","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=91","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"orbital gyri","parentNeuroNamesId":"91","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=91","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"orbital gyri","parentNeuroNamesId":"91","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=91","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"91","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"73","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","standardName":"orbital gyri","standardAcronym":"OrG","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=91","cDefinition":"refers to a set of convolutions on the ventral surface of the frontal lobe in primates. It is defined on the basis of topology ( Nomina-1983 ). In the human it consists of the medial orbital gyrus, the intermediate orbital gyrus, the lateral orbital gyrus, the frontomarginal gyrus, and the posterior orbital gyrus ( Mai-1997 ). \r\nIn the macaque it consists of the medial orbital gyrus, lateral orbital gyrus and even more lateral fronto-orbital gyrus ( Krieg-1975 ). For segmentation of this region on the basis of internal architecture see orbitomedial prefrontal cortex.\r\nFor comparable areas in the rat and mouse, see orbital areas (rodent).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"girus orbital","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"primate","synonymName":"orbitofrontal cortex","synonymSource":"Mesulam-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"The insula of Reil in man and monkey: Architectonics, connectivity, and function","pubMedHits":"1698"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"orbital gyri","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"21"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"orbitofrontal gyri","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"9"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"orbitofrontal gyrus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"39"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"orbital cortex","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"223"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"orbital area","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"119"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"primate","synonymName":"orbitofrontal region","synonymSource":"Mesulam-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"The insula of Reil in man and monkey: Architectonics, connectivity, and function","pubMedHits":"62"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Cortex orbitofrontalis","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Gyrus orbitalis","synonymSource":"Clarke-1920","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of photographs of frontal sections of the cranium and brain of the rhesus monkey (Macacus Rhesus)","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"gyrus orbitalis longitudinalis","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyri orbitales","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus orbitofrontalis","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"orbitofrontaler Kortex","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"giri orbitali","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"глазничные извилины","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"продольная глазничная извилина","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"глазничная часть","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"circunvoluciones orbitarias","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"92","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"74","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"lateral orbital gyrus","standardAcronym":"LOrG","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=92","cDefinition":"refers to a convolution identified by dissection on the ventral surface of the frontal lobe. In the human it is located between the orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus laterally and from the intermediate orbital gyrus or the medial orbital gyrus medially. Its boundaries with those gyri are defined by orbital sulci. Rostrally it merges with the frontomarginal gyrus ( Mai-1997 ). \r\nIn the macaque it extends from the frontal pole to the olfactory tubercle. The lateral orbital sulcus separates it from the fronto-orbital gyrus, and the medial orbital sulcus separates it from the medial orbital gyrus ( Martin-2000 ).\r\nEquivalent features are not seen in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat and mouse ( NeuroNames ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral orbital gyrus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"8"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"lateral orbital gyrus","synonymSource":"Krieg-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Interpretive Atlas Of The Monkey's Brain","pubMedHits":"8"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus orbitalis lateralis","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"gyrus orbitalis longitudinalis externus","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"gyrus orbitaire latéral","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"латеральная обонятельная извилины","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"наружная продольная глазничная извилина","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"наружная глазничная продольная извилина","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Mozga Cheloveka (Atlas of the Human Brain)","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"orbital gyri","parentNeuroNamesId":"91","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=91","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"orbital gyri","parentNeuroNamesId":"91","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=91","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"orbital gyri","parentNeuroNamesId":"91","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=91","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"orbital gyri","parentNeuroNamesId":"91","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=91","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"93","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"75","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"medial orbital gyrus","standardAcronym":"MOrG","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=93","cDefinition":"refers to a convolution identified by dissection on the ventral surface of the frontal lobe. In the human it is located between the intermediate orbital gyrus laterally and the straight gyrus medially. Its medial boundary is defined by the olfactory sulcus, its lateral boundary by orbital sulci. Rostrally it merges with the frontomarginal gyrus ( Mai-1997 ). \r\nIn the macaque it extends from the frontal pole to the olfactory tubercle. The medial orbital sulcus separates it from the lateral orbital gyrus, and as in the human, the olfactory sulcus separates it from the straight gyrus ( Martin-2000 ).\r\nEquivalent features are not seen in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat and mouse ( NeuroNames ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial orbital gyrus","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"medial orbital gyrus","synonymSource":"Krieg-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Interpretive Atlas Of The Monkey's Brain","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"gyrus orbitalis longitudinalis internus","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus orbitalis medialis","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Gyrus orbitalis medius","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"gyrus orbitaire médial","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"медиальная обонятельная извилина","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"внутренняя продольная глазничная извилина","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"внутренняя глазничная продольная извилина","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Mozga Cheloveka (Atlas of the Human Brain)","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"orbital gyri","parentNeuroNamesId":"91","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=91","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"orbital gyri","parentNeuroNamesId":"91","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=91","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"orbital gyri","parentNeuroNamesId":"91","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=91","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"orbital gyri","parentNeuroNamesId":"91","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=91","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"94","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"76","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"straight gyrus","standardAcronym":"StG","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=94","cDefinition":"refers to a convolution identified by dissection at the ventromedial margin of the frontal lobe. In the human it is located between the inferior rostral gyrus on the medial surface of the lobe and the medial orbital gyrus on the ventral surface. Its boundary on the medial surface is defined by the rostral sulcus and its boundary on the ventral surface by the olfactory sulcus. It extends from the frontal pole to the level of the anterior olfactory nucleus ( Mai-1997 ). \r\nIn the macaque its medial and ventral boundaries are the same as in the human, and it extends from the frontal pole to the level of the olfactory tubercle ( Martin-2000 ).\r\nEquivalent structures are not seen in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat and mouse ( NeuroNames ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"girus rektus","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"gyrus rectus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"90"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"gyrus rectus","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"90"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"straight gyrus","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"16"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"rectus gyrus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"9"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"rectal gyrus","synonymSource":"Ono-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci","pubMedHits":"18"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial part of gyri orbitales","synonymSource":"Talairach-1988","synonymSourceTitle":"Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"ventromedial gyrus","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus rectus","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"90"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca nemestrina","synonymName":"Gyrus rectus","synonymSource":"Winters-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Brain Atlas For Macaca nemestrina","pubMedHits":"90"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"gyrus rectus","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"giro retto","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"прямая извилина","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"circunvolución recta","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"gyrus rectus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"circunvolución recta","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"circunvolución orbitaria interna","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"95","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"77","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","standardName":"parietal lobe","standardAcronym":"PL","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=95","cDefinition":"refers to one of six divisions of the cerebral cortex defined by dissection in the human ( Ono-1990 ) and the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). It is located between the frontal lobe, from which, it is separated by the central sulcus, and the occipital lobe from which it is separated by an oblique plane through the parieto-occipital sulcus on the dorsomedial margin of the hemisphere and the preoccipital notch on the ventromedial margin. On the medial surface it is bounded by the cingulate gyrus of the limbic lobe, from which it is separated by the cingulate sulcus. On the lateral surface it is bounded ventrally by the temporal lobe, from which it is separated partially by the terminal descending limb of the lateral fissure with a horizontal extension to the occipital lobe boundary.\r\nEquivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"lobus parietal","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"parietal lobe","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"9369"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"parietal lobe","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"9369"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"parietal cortex","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"5648"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"parietal region","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"872"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lobus parietalis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Scheitellappen","synonymSource":"Schultze-1993","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomisches Wörterbuch","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Parietallappen","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"lobe pariétal","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"lobo parietale","synonymSource":"Rigutti-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlante di Anatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"теменная доля","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"lóbulo parietal","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"96","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"78","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"parietal operculum - obsolete","standardAcronym":"","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=96","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"parietal operculum","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"155"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Operculum parietale","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"opercule pariétal","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"opercolo parietale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"opérculo parietal","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"parietal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"95","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=95","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"97","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"79","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"intraparietal sulcus","standardAcronym":"itps","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=97","cDefinition":"refers to a very deep fissure that separates the superior parietal lobule from the inferior parietal lobule of the primate. It is defined by dissection. In the human it separates the superior parietal lobule from part of the supramarginal gyrus of the inferior parietal lobule and from all of the angular gyrus of that lobule ( Duvernoy-1992 ). In the macaque it separates only the supramarginal gyrus of the inferior parietal lobule from the superior parietal lobule ( Martin-2000 ). \r\nIn both species the sulcus extends deep into the folds of cerebral cortex, splitting at some levels to form one or two small convolutions that are not visible from outside the brain. In the human, small unnamed convolutions arise variably from the superior parietal lobule, the angular gyrus, or the middle occipital gyrus to form gyri in the lateral wall or floor of the sulcus ( Duvernoy-1992; Mai-1997 ). This complex intracortical pattern can extend from the origin of the sulcus at the boundary of the superior parietal lobule with the postcentral gyrus almost to the occipital pole ( Duvernoy-1992 ). \r\nIn the macaque, the hidden portion of the sulcus has been called the 'simian fossa'. It contains a single buried convolution, the annectant gyrus, which arises from the supramarginal gyrus laterally and, medially, is continuous with the wall of the superior parietal lobule. Proceeding caudally, the sulcus ends in junction with the lunate sulcus of the macaque at the rostrodorsal border of the occipital lobe. There a part of the annectant gyrus may split off to form the floor of the lunate sulcus of the macaque, while the main part, surrounded on three sides by intraparietal sulcus, dives beneath the fused cortex of the occipital gyrus dorsolaterally and cuneus dorsally and medially. Further caudally, the sulcus may open onto the longitudinal fissure, exposing a bit of the annectant gyrus through the cuneus on the medial surface of the occipital lobe. The annectant gyrus and an equal segment of occipital gyrus fuse their ends around a horizontal oval of intraparietal sulcus and detach from the overlying cortex to form a flattened tube that continues a few millimeters caudally in occipital white matter ( Martin-2000; Dubach-2008 ). In the rhesus macaque ( Macaca mulatta ), the portion of the annectant gyrus that joins the lunate sulcus of the macaque follows a similar course ( Paxinos-2009a; Dubach-2008 ). \r\nEquivalent structures are not found in the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"sulkus intraparietal","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"intraparietal sulcus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"774"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"intraparietal sulcus","synonymSource":"Szabo-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"A stereotaxic atlas of the brain of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)","pubMedHits":"774"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"intraparietal fissure","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"interparietal fissure","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"simian fossa","synonymSource":"Kappers-1960","synonymSourceTitle":"The Comparative Anatomy of the Nervous System of Vertebrates, Including Man","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Sulcus interparietalis","synonymSource":"Sugar-1950","synonymSourceTitle":"Corticocortical connections of the cortex buried in the intraparietal and principal sulci of the monkey (Macaca mulatta)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus intraparietalis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"sulcus interparietalis","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"Fossa simiarum","synonymSource":"Kappers-1960","synonymSourceTitle":"The Comparative Anatomy of the Nervous System of Vertebrates, Including Man","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"Affenspaltgrube","synonymSource":"Kappers-1960","synonymSourceTitle":"The Comparative Anatomy of the Nervous System of Vertebrates, Including Man","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sulcus intrapariétal","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"Papio","synonymName":"sillion interpariétal","synonymSource":"Riche-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Stéréotaxique du Cerveau de Babouin (Papio papio)","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"solco intraparietale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"внутритеменная борозда","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"cisura intraparietal","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"parietal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"95","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=95","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"parietal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"95","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=95","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"98","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"80","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"marginal sulcus","standardAcronym":"ms","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=98","cDefinition":"refers to a superficial feature of the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere found in the human and, though not ordinarily named, in the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) ( Krieg-1975; Dubach-2008; Paxinos-2009a ). It is a caudal extension of the cingulate sulcus where the sulcus bends from horizontal to vertical and continues to the dorsal margin of the hemisphere. In the human it serves as the caudal boundary of the paracentral lobule with the precuneus ( Carpenter-1983 ). In the macaque it separates the superior parietal lobule from the precuneus ( Dubach-2008 ). \r\nEquivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"marginal branch of cingulate sulcus","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus","synonymSource":"Vogt-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Human cingulate cortex: surface features, flat maps, and cytoarchitecture","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"marginal sulcus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"pars marginalis sulci cinguli","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Ramus marginalis sulci cingulati","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"segment marginal du sillon cingulaire","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"ramo marginale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"solco marginale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"маргинальная часть поясной извилины","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"краевая часть поясной борозды","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Mozga Cheloveka (Atlas of the Human Brain)","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"cisura marginal","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"rama marginal","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"parietal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"95","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=95","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"99","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"81","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"postcentral sulcus","standardAcronym":"pocs","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=99","cDefinition":"refers to a superficial feature of the lateral surface of the parietal lobe identified by dissection. In the human it is located caudal and parallel to the central sulcus, it is continuous in about half of cases and discontinuous with 2 or 3 segments in half. Dorsally it separates the postcentral gyrus from the superior parietal lobule, ventrally from the supramarginal gyrus of the inferior parietal lobule ( Ono-1990 ).\r\nIn the macaque it is a short sulcus located on the dorsolateral surface of the lobe, where it partially separates the postcentral gyrus from the superior parietal lobule ( Martin-2000 ). \r\nEquivalent features are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"sulkus pascasentral","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"postcentral sulcus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"43"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"postcentral fissure of cerebral hemisphere","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"postcentral fissure-1","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"superior postcentral sulcus","synonymSource":"Bonin-1947","synonymSourceTitle":"The Neocortex of Macaca Mulatta","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"postcentral dimple","synonymSource":"Szabo-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"A stereotaxic atlas of the brain of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"postcentral sulcus","synonymSource":"Peele-1942","synonymSourceTitle":"Cytoarchitecture of individual parietal areas in the monkey (Macaca mulatta) and the distribution of the efferent fibers","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus postcentralis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Papio ursinus","synonymName":"Sulcus postcentralis superior","synonymSource":"Cunningham-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Contribution to the Surface Anatomy of the Cerebral Hemispheres with a Chapter upon Cranio-Cerebral Topography","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon postcentral superieur","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"solco postcentrale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"постцентральная борозда","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"cisura poscentral","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"parietal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"95","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=95","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"100","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"82","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"superior postcentral sulcus - obsolete","standardAcronym":"spcs","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=100","cDefinition":"","parents":[{"parentStandardName":"parietal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"95","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=95","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"parietal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"95","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=95","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"101","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"83","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"inferior postcentral sulcus","standardAcronym":"ipcs","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=101","cDefinition":"refers to a superficial feature of the frontal lobe of the human. It is a short branch that extends from the lateral fissure into the postcentral gyrus ( Ono-1990 ). It is identified by dissection, Branches from the lateral fissure are not found in the macaque, nor is the lateral fissure itself found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"inferior postcentral sulcus","synonymSource":"Szikla-1977","synonymSourceTitle":"Angiography Of The Human Brain Cortex: Atlas of Vascular Patterns and Stereotactic Cortical Localization","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus postcentralis inferior","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon subcentral postérieur","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"нижняя постцентральная борозда","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Mozga Cheloveka (Atlas of the Human Brain)","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"parietal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"95","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=95","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"102","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"84","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"splenial sulcus","standardAcronym":"spls","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=102","cDefinition":"refers to a superficial feature of the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere identified by dissection. In the human it is a complex branching sulcus located at the junction of the parietal lobe, the occipital lobe, and the limbic lobe ( Ono-1990 ) In the macaque it is a composite sulcus consisting of two parts. The upper part, the subparietal sulcus, partially defines the boundary between the posterior cingulate gyrus of the limbic lobe and the precuneus of the parietal lobe. The lower part is the medial parieto-occipital sulcus, which is located at the junction of the parietal lobe, the occipital lobe, and the limbic lobe ( Martin-2000 ).\r\nEquivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"subparietal sulcus","synonymSource":"Ono-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"subparietal sulcus","synonymSource":"Bonin-1947","synonymSourceTitle":"The Neocortex of Macaca Mulatta","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"subparietal sulcus","synonymSource":"Martin-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"A stereotaxic template atlas of the macaque brain for digital imaging and quantitative neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"splenial sulcus","synonymSource":"Vogt-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Human cingulate cortex: surface features, flat maps, and cytoarchitecture","pubMedHits":"12"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"suprasplenial sulcus","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus subparietalis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus subparietalis","synonymSource":"Szikla-1977","synonymSourceTitle":"Angiography Of The Human Brain Cortex: Atlas of Vascular Patterns and Stereotactic Cortical Localization","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon subpariétal","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"подтеменная борозда","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"parietal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"95","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=95","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"parietal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"95","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=95","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"103","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"85","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"posterior subcentral sulcus","standardAcronym":"pscs","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=103","cDefinition":"refers to a superficial feature of the parietal lobe in the human. Identified by dissection, it is a branch from the lateral fissure into the postcentral gyrus between the central sulcus and the postcentral sulcus ( Ono-1990 ). Branches from the lateral fissure are not found in the macaque, nor is the lateral fissure itself found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior subcentral sulcus","synonymSource":"Ono-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus subcentralis posterior","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon subcentral postérieur","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"parietal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"95","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=95","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"parietal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"95","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=95","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"104","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"86","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"terminal ascending limb of the lateral fissure","standardAcronym":"tal","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=104","cDefinition":"refers to one of two branches of the lateral fissure at its posterior terminus identified by dissection in the human. The other is the terminal descending limb of the lateral fissure ( Ono-1990 ). It is not found in the macaque ( Martin-2000 ) or in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) or the mouse ( Hof-2000 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior ascending limb of the lateral sulcus (human)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior ascending limb of lateral fissure","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior ascending limb of lateral fissure","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ascending terminal ramus of Sylvian fissure","synonymSource":"Ono-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"terminal ascending limb of sylvian fissure","synonymSource":"Ture-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Topographic anatomy of the insular region","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"terminal ascending limb of the lateral fissure","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus lateralis, ramus posterior","synonymSource":"Nieuwenhuys-1987","synonymSourceTitle":"Illustrations of the gross anatomy of the brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Ramus posterior ascendens fissurae lateralis","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"segment postérieur de la scissure latérale","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"scissure latérale, segment postérieur","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"parietal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"95","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=95","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"105","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"87","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"postcentral gyrus","standardAcronym":"PoG","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=105","cDefinition":"refers to the convolution of cerebral cortex immediately caudal to the central sulcus, which separates it from the precentral gyrus in humans ( Carpenter-1983 ) and macaques ( Martin-2000 ). Defined by dissection, it is located at the rostral extreme of the parietal lobe. In the human it is bounded caudally by the superior parietal lobule dorsally and the supramarginal gyrus of the inferior parietal lobule ventrally. It is separated from those structures on the lateral surface of the hemisphere by the postcentral sulcus, which in about half of cases is a discontinuous sulcus with two or three segments ( Ono-1990 ). On the mesial surface of the hemisphere it is bounded rostrally by extrapolation of the central sulcus across the dorsal margin onto the mesial surface and caudally by extrapolation of the postcentral sulcus onto the mesial surface; it is separated from the cingulate gyrus by the cingulate sulcus. Ventrally on the lateral surface it is separated from the superior temporal gyrus by the lateral fissure. It forms a lip over the insula known as the parietal operculum. A short branch of the fissure, the posterior subcentral sulcus projects into the operculum. \r\nThe boundaries in the macaque are similar except that the caudal border is only partially defined on the dorsal surface by a short postcentral sulcus ( Martin-2000 ).\r\nEquivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"girus pascasentral","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"postcentral gyrus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"445"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"postcentral gyrus","synonymSource":"Krieg-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Interpretive Atlas Of The Monkey's Brain","pubMedHits":"445"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"postrolandic gyrus","synonymSource":"Szikla-1977","synonymSourceTitle":"Angiography Of The Human Brain Cortex: Atlas of Vascular Patterns and Stereotactic Cortical Localization","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"postcentral convolution","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior central gyrus","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"post central gyrus","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"80"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior parietal cortex","synonymSource":"Amunts-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Auditory System","pubMedHits":"90"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus postcentralis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"5"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca nemestrina","synonymName":"Gyrus centralis posterior","synonymSource":"Winters-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Brain Atlas For Macaca nemestrina","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"circonvolution pariétal ascendante","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"gyrus postcentral","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"giro postcentrale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"giro post-centrale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"постцентральная извилина","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"circunvolución parietal ascendente","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"circunvolución posrolándica","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"circunvolución poscentral","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"circunvolución postcentralis","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"parietal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"95","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=95","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"parietal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"95","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=95","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"parietal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"95","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=95","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"parietal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"95","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=95","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"106","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"88","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"superior parietal lobule","standardAcronym":"SPL","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=106","cDefinition":"refers to one of four subdivisions of the parietal lobe identified by dissection in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). Located on the dorsal margin of the cerebral hemisphere, it is, in the human, separated rostrally from the postcentral gyrus by the postcentral sulcus and a line extending from the upper end of that sulcus over the margin of the cerebral hemisphere to the cingulate sulcus, which separates it from the cingulate gyrus. Thus, it includes the caudal portion of the paracentral lobule. Caudally its boundary with the occipital lobe is an oblique plane through the parieto-occipital sulcus on the dorsomedial margin of the hemisphere and the preoccipital notch on the ventromedial margin.. Its boundary on the dorsolateral surface of the hemisphere is the intraparietal sulcus, which separates it from the supramarginal gyrus and the angular gyrus of the inferior parietal lobule. The other three parts of the parietal lobe are the inferior parietal lobule, the postcentral gyrus, and the precuneus. \r\nThe boundaries in the macaque are the same except that the rostral border with the postcentral gyrus is only partially defined by a very short postcentral sulcus on the dorsolateral surface of the hemisphere. On the medial surface of the hemisphere the cingulate sulcus separates it from the precuneus, and its caudal boundary is marked by the parieto-occipital sulcus ( Martin-2000 ).\r\nEquivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"lobul parietal superior","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"girus parietal superior","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superior parietal lobule","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"367"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"superior parietal lobule","synonymSource":"Krieg-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Interpretive Atlas Of The Monkey's Brain","pubMedHits":"367"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superior parietal gyrus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"35"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superior portion of parietal gyrus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lobulus parietalis superior","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus parietalis superior","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca nemestrina","synonymName":"Gyrus parietalis superior","synonymSource":"Winters-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Brain Atlas For Macaca nemestrina","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"gyrus pariétal supérieure","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"lobulo parietale superiore","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"верхняя извилина париетальной доли","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"верхняя теменная долька","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"lóbulo parietal superior","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"parietal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"95","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=95","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"parietal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"95","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=95","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"parietal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"95","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=95","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"parietal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"95","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=95","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"107","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"89","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","standardName":"inferior parietal lobule","standardAcronym":"IPL","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=107","cDefinition":"refers to one of four subdivisions of the parietal lobe identified by dissection in the human ( Carpenter-1983; Ono-1990 ) and the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). It has two components, the more rostral supramarginal gyrus and more caudal angular gyrus. Located on the dorsolateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere, it is, in the human, separated rostrally from the postcentral gyrus by the postcentral sulcus. Dorsally it is separated from the superior parietal lobule by the intraparietal sulcus. Caudally its boundary with the occipital lobe is an oblique plane through the parieto-occipital sulcus on the dorsomedial margin of the hemisphere and the preoccipital notch on the ventromedial margin. For its borders on the ventrolateral surface of the hemisphere see descriptions of its subdivisions, the supramarginal gyrus and the angular gyrus. The other three parts of the parietal lobe are the superior parietal lobule, the postcentral gyrus, and the precuneus. \r\nThe boundaries in the macaque are the same except that the rostral border with the postcentral gyrus, a vertical line from the rostral tip of the intraparietal sulcus to the lateral fissure, is unmarked by anatomical feature. Its caudal boundary with the occipital lobe is defined by the lunate sulcus of the macaque. ( Martin-2000 ).\r\nSegmented on the basis of internal structure, the lobule includes area 39 of Brodmann and area 40 of Brodmann. in the nomenclature of the Vogts-1919, it includes area \r\nEquivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"lobul parietal inferior","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"inferior parietal lobule","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"660"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"inferior parietal gyrus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"22"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"inferior portion of parietal gyrus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"subparietal lobule","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"subparietal district","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lobulus parietalis inferior","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"gyrus pariétal inférieur","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"Papio","synonymName":"circonvolucion pariétal inférieure","synonymSource":"Riche-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Stéréotaxique du Cerveau de Babouin (Papio papio)","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"opercule pariétal","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"lobulo parietale inferiore","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"нижняя извилина париетальной доли","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"нижняя теменная долька","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"lóbulo parietal inferior","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"parietal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"95","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=95","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"parietal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"95","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=95","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"parietal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"95","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=95","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"parietal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"95","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=95","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"108","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"90","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"supramarginal gyrus","standardAcronym":"SMG","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=108","cDefinition":"refers to the more rostral of two subdivisions of the inferior parietal lobule identified by dissection in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). In the human it is separated rostrally from the postcentral gyrus by the postcentral sulcus. Dorsally its border with the superior parietal lobule is marked by the intraparietal sulcus. Ventrally it surrounds the termination of the lateral fissure, which provides its boundary with the superior temporal gyrus rostral to the fissure. Its ventrocaudal border with the superior temporal gyrus is an ill-defined line that connects the terminal descending limb of the lateral fissure horizontally to the rostral boundary of the occipital lobe ( Duvernoy-1992 ).\r\nThe boundaries in the macaque are the same except that the rostral border with the postcentral gyrus, a vertical line from the rostral tip of the intraparietal sulcus to the lateral fissure, is unmarked by anatomical feature. And it does not surround the termination of the lateral fissure, so its caudal boundary with the angular gyrus is marked by the superior temporal sulcus and the parieto-occipital sulcus ( Martin-2000 ).\r\nEquivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"girus supramarginal","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"supramarginal gyrus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"388"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"supramarginal gyrus","synonymSource":"Martin-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"A stereotaxic template atlas of the macaque brain for digital imaging and quantitative neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"388"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"inferior parietal lobule (Krieg)","synonymSource":"Krieg-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Interpretive Atlas Of The Monkey's Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"inferior parietal lobule (Krieg)","synonymSource":"Snider-1961","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Monkey Brain (Macaca mulatta)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior part of inferior parietal lobule","synonymSource":"Lockhart-1959","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomy of the Human Body","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus supramarginalis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"5"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"gyrus supramarginal","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"giro sopramarginale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"надкраевая извилина","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"circunvolución supramarginal","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"lóbulo del pliegue curvo","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"inferior parietal lobule","parentNeuroNamesId":"107","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=107","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"inferior parietal lobule","parentNeuroNamesId":"107","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=107","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"inferior parietal lobule","parentNeuroNamesId":"107","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=107","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"inferior parietal lobule","parentNeuroNamesId":"107","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=107","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"109","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"91","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"angular gyrus","standardAcronym":"AnG","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=109","cDefinition":"refers to the more posterior of two subdivisions of the inferior parietal lobule identified by dissection in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). In the human it is partially separated from the more rostral supramarginal gyrus by the primary intermediate sulcus. Ventrally it surrounds the termination of the the superior temporal sulcus. Caudally its boundary with the occipital lobe is an oblique plane through the parieto-occipital sulcus on the dorsomedial margin of the hemisphere and the preoccipital notch on the ventromedial margin. Its ventral border with the superior temporal gyrus and the middle temporal gyrus is an ill-defined horizontal line that connects the terminal descending limb of the lateral fissure to the rostral boundary of the occipital lobe ( Duvernoy-1992 ).\r\nThe boundaries in the macaque are somewhat different. It does not surround the termination of the superior temporal sulcus but lies caudal to it. Thus, it is separated from the supramarginal gyrus rostrally by the superior temporal sulcus. It is separated from the occipital lobe caudally by the lunate sulcus of the macaque. Its ventrolateral border is marked by the inferior occipital sulcus, which separates it from the inferior occipital gyrus. A vertical line from the rostral tip of the inferior occipital sulcus to the lateral fissure marks its ill-defined rostral border with the middle temporal gyrus ( Martin-2000 ).\r\nEquivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"girus angular","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"angular gyrus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"426"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"angular gyrus","synonymSource":"Krieg-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Interpretive Atlas Of The Monkey's Brain","pubMedHits":"426"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"preoccipital gyrus","synonymSource":"Snider-1961","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Monkey Brain (Macaca mulatta)","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"middle part of inferior parietal lobule","synonymSource":"Lockhart-1959","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomy of the Human Body","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"prelunate gyrus","synonymSource":"Zeki-1977","synonymSourceTitle":"Colour coding in the superior temporal sulcus of rhesus monkey visual cortex","pubMedHits":"19"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus angularis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"9"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus parietalis inferior","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca nemestrina","synonymName":"Gyrus parietalis inferior","synonymSource":"Winters-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Brain Atlas For Macaca nemestrina","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"gyrus angulaire","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"Papio","synonymName":"circonvolution préoccipitale","synonymSource":"Riche-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Stéréotaxique du Cerveau de Babouin (Papio papio)","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"pli courbe","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"giro angolare","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"угловая извилина","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"pliegue curvo","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"circunvolución angular","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"inferior parietal lobule","parentNeuroNamesId":"107","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=107","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"inferior parietal lobule","parentNeuroNamesId":"107","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=107","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"inferior parietal lobule","parentNeuroNamesId":"107","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=107","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"inferior parietal lobule","parentNeuroNamesId":"107","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=107","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"110","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"92","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"precuneus","standardAcronym":"PCu","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=110","cDefinition":"refers to one of four subdivisions of the parietal lobe identified by dissection in the human ( Carpenter-1983; Ono-1990 ) and the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). Located on the mesial surface of the cerebral hemisphere, it is separated from the postcentral gyrus rostrally by a vertical extension of the cingulate sulcus, the marginal sulcus. Below the cingulate sulcus, it is separated from the posterior cingulate gyrus by the splenial sulcus ( Duvernoy-1992 ). Dorsally it meets the superior parietal lobule at the margin of the hemisphere. Caudally its boundary with the cuneus of the occipital lobe is marked by the parieto-occipital sulcus. Its most caudal and ventral boundaries with the isthmus of the cingulate gyrus and the cuneus are unmarked by anatomical features. The other three parts of the parietal lobe are the postcentral gyrus, the superior parietal lobule, and the inferior parietal lobule. \r\nThe boundaries in the macaque are the same except that the superior parietal lobule extends onto the mesial surface of the hemisphere where the precuneus is partially separated from it by the cingulate sulcus; and its rostral boundary, largely unmarked by anatomical features, is with the posterior cingulate gyrus ( Martin-2000 ).\r\nEquivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"precuneus","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"115"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"precuneus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"1004"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"precuneus","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"1004"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"quadrate lobule","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"precuneate lobule","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial area of the superior parietal cortex","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Precuneus","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"1004"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Precuneus","synonymSource":"Krieg-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Interpretive Atlas Of The Monkey's Brain","pubMedHits":"1004"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Praecuneus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Vorkeil","synonymSource":"Schultze-1993","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomisches Wörterbuch","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"precuneus","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"precuneo","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"предклинье","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"precuña","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"parietal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"95","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=95","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"parietal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"95","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=95","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"parietal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"95","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=95","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"parietal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"95","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=95","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"111","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"93","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","standardName":"insula","standardAcronym":"Ins","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=111","cDefinition":"refers to a small but highly important island of cerebral cortex located deep in the lateral fissure of primates. Its overall shape, as identified by dissection in the human, is that of a pyramid with an insular apex directed laterally and a triangular base adherent to the extreme capsule in a roughly vertical plane.\r\nThe boundaries of the insula are defined largely by the limiting sulcus. In the human it is separated from the superior temporal gyrus by the inferior limiting sulcus; separated from the rostral parietal lobe and inferior frontal gyrus by the superior limiting sulcus; and from part of the orbital gyri by the anterior limiting sulcus.The portions of the lobes that cover it are, correspondingly, the temporal operculum, the parietal operculum and the frontal operculum. The remaining rostral boundary of the insula is less distinct. Its rostrolateral junction with the temporal lobe is with the piriform area in the limen insula, and its rostromedial junction with the frontal lobe is through the transverse insular gyrus to the orbital gyri. \r\nTopologically the insula of the human consists of two parts separated by the central insular sulcus: the larger anterior insula and the smaller posterior_insula composed of the long insular gyri ( Ture-1999 ). In adult humans the insula of the left hemisphere is larger than that of the right ( Bamiou-2003 ). \r\nIn macaques the relation of the insula to surrounding lobes is the same as in the human. The human insula, however, is further subdivided into seven or eight gyri, while that of the macaque is smooth except for the orbitoinsular sulcus. This small sulcus is found near the boundary of the insula with the orbital gyri and is not seen in the human ( Mufson-1997 ). The insula does not exist as a topological structure in rodents ( NeuroNames ). The most complex insula is found in cetaceans, such as the dolphin ( Mesulam-1984 ).\r\nThe human insula's many sulcal landmarks have little relation to its internal structure. Architectonically it is segmented according to two different schemes: a three part scheme of granular insula, dysgranular insula and agranular insula ( Mesulam-1982; Zilles-2012 ) and an earlier four part scheme in which the dysgranular insula is divided into a more granular dysgranular insular cortex (Roberts) and a more agranular insular cortex (Roberts) ( Roberts-1963; Roberts-1970; Paxinos-2009a ).\r\nThe areas of cerebral cortex in the rodent that are architectonically equivalent to the primate insula are the agranular insular area, the dysgranular insula ( gustatory cortex of the rodent), and the granular insula ( visceral cortex of the rodent ).\r\nThe insula is involved in the integration of many sensorimotor, socioemotional, and cognitive functions including gustation, visceral sensations and olfaction ( Fig. 3 in Kurth-2010b ); somatosensation (touch, pressure, temperature, etc.), as well as pain ( Fig. 4 in Kurth-2010b ); and attention, language, speech, and two forms of memory ( Fig. 5 in Kurth-2010b ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"insula","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"lobus central","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"insula","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"2623"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"insula","synonymSource":"Mufson-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Chemical neuroanatomy of the primate insula cortex: relationship to cytoarchitectonics, connectivity, function and neurodegeneration","pubMedHits":"2623"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"insular cortex","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"1233"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"island of Reil","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"insula lobule","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"insular lobe","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"31"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"morphological insula","synonymSource":"Gallay-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"The Insula of Reil Revisited: Multiarchitectonic Organization in Macaque Monkeys","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cortex of island","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"central lobe","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"49"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"insular region","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"78"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"insular gyrus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"10"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"insulary cortex","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"insula of Reil","synonymSource":"Gallay-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"The Insula of Reil Revisited: Multiarchitectonic Organization in Macaque Monkeys","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Insula Reilii","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Insula","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"2623"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca nemestrina","synonymName":"Insula","synonymSource":"Winters-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Brain Atlas For Macaca nemestrina","pubMedHits":"2623"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lobus insularis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Cortex insularis","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Cortex insularis","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"insula cerebri","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Insel","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Inselrinde","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"insula","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"insula","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"lobo insulare","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"corteccia insulare","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"corteccia dell'insula","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"кора островка","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"островок","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"корковое вещество островка","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"островковая доля","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"островок","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"lóbulo de la insula","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"corteza insular","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"corteza de la insula","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"lóbulo insular","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"112","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"94","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"central insular sulcus","standardAcronym":"cis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=112","cDefinition":"refers to the sulcus that separates the posterior short gyrus of the anterior insula from the anterior long gyrus of the long insular gyri. Identified by dissection it is found in 90% of human hemispheres. Though present in the baboon, it is not found in macaques ( Mufson-1997 ) or rodents ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Papio","synonymName":"central insular sulcus","synonymSource":"Mufson-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Chemical neuroanatomy of the primate insula cortex: relationship to cytoarchitectonics, connectivity, function and neurodegeneration","pubMedHits":"6"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"central insular sulcus","synonymSource":"Mufson-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Chemical neuroanatomy of the primate insula cortex: relationship to cytoarchitectonics, connectivity, function and neurodegeneration","pubMedHits":"6"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"central insula sulcus","synonymSource":"Mufson-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Chemical neuroanatomy of the primate insula cortex: relationship to cytoarchitectonics, connectivity, function and neurodegeneration","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"central sulcus of the insula","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"central fissure of island","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"central fissure of insula","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus centralis insulae","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fissura centralis insulae","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon central de l'insula","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"центральная борозда островка","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"insula","parentNeuroNamesId":"111","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=111","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"113","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"95","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"postcentral insular sulcus","standardAcronym":"pois","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=113","cDefinition":"refers to the sulcus identified by dissection that separates the anterior long gyrus of the insula from the posterior long gyrus in the human. It is well defined in only 44% of hemispheres, Interrupted in 18% and shallow or absent in the remainder ( Ture-1999 ). It is not found in macaques ( Mufson-1997 ) or rodents ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"longitudinal sulcus of the insula (human)","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"postcentral sulcus of island","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"longitudinal insular sulcus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"postcentral insular sulcus","synonymSource":"Ture-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Topographic anatomy of the insular region","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus longitudinalis insulae","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"insula","parentNeuroNamesId":"111","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=111","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"114","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"96","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"posterior marginal sulcus (human) - obsolete","standardAcronym":"","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=114","cDefinition":"refers to s branch of the inferior limiting sulcus of of the insula in the human. It is embedded in the posterior long gyrus ( Mufson-1997 ). We have found it named in only the one source.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior marginal sulcus (human)","synonymSource":"Mufson-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Chemical neuroanatomy of the primate insula cortex: relationship to cytoarchitectonics, connectivity, function and neurodegeneration","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"insula","parentNeuroNamesId":"111","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=111","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"115","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"97","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","standardName":"short insular gyri","standardAcronym":"SIG","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=115","cDefinition":"refers to three convolutions located in the anterior insula of the human. Identified by dissection they include the anterior short gyrus, the middle short gyrus, and the posterior short gyrus. They are separated from the long insular gyri by the central insular sulcus ( Ture-1999 ). The short insular gyri are not found in macaques ( Mufson-1997 ) or rodents ( NeuroNames ), ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"short insular gyri (human)","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"short gyri of insula","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"short insular gyri","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"5"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"principal insular short gyri","synonymSource":"Ture-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Topographic anatomy of the insular region","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyri breves insulae","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"lobus insulae anterior","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"gyrus insulaires courts","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"giro insulare breve","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"передняя доля островка","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"короткие извилины островка","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"circunvoluciones cortas de la ínsula","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"insula","parentNeuroNamesId":"111","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=111","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"insula","parentNeuroNamesId":"111","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=111","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"116","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"98","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"anterior short gyrus","standardAcronym":"ASG","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=116","cDefinition":"refers to one of three short insular gyri identified by dissection in the human. It is bounded rostrally by the anterior limiting sulcus and caudally by the short insular sulcus, which separates it from the middle short gyrus of the insula. The third gyrus is the posterior short gyrus ( Ture-1999 ). The short insular gyri are not found in macaques or rodents.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"first short gyrus (human)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior short gyrus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior short insular gyrus","synonymSource":"Ture-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Topographic anatomy of the insular region","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus brevis I","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"short insular gyri","parentNeuroNamesId":"115","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=115","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"short insular gyri","parentNeuroNamesId":"115","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=115","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"117","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"99","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"posterior short gyrus","standardAcronym":"PSG","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=117","cDefinition":"refers to one of three short insular gyri identified by dissection in the human . It is separated from the middle short gyrus by the precentral insular sulcus and caudally from the anterior long gyrus by the central insular sulcus ( Ture-1999 ). The third short gyrus is the anterior short gyrus. The insular gyri do not exist as topological fieatures in macaques or rodents ( NeuroNames ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"second short gyrus (human)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"second short gyrus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior short gyrus","synonymSource":"Ture-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Topographic anatomy of the insular region","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus brevis II","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"short insular gyri","parentNeuroNamesId":"115","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=115","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"short insular gyri","parentNeuroNamesId":"115","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=115","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"118","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"100","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"middle short gyrus","standardAcronym":"MSG","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=118","cDefinition":"refers to the least developed of three short insular gyri identified by dissection in the anterior insula of the human. The short insular sulcus separates it from the anterior short gyrus rostrally and the precentral insular sulcus separates it from the posterior short gyrus caudally ( Ture-1999 ). The insular gyri do not exist as topological fieatures in macaques or rodents ( NeuroNames ).\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"intermediate short gyrus (human)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"middle short gyrus","synonymSource":"Ture-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Topographic anatomy of the insular region","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus brevis intermedius","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"short insular gyri","parentNeuroNamesId":"115","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=115","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"short insular gyri","parentNeuroNamesId":"115","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=115","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"119","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"101","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"precentral gyrus of the insula","standardAcronym":"PrGI","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=119","cDefinition":"refers to a convolution variably present in the anterior insula of the human. It is identified by dissection. When present it is located between the posterior short gyrus and the central insular sulcus. It is not found in macaques ( Mufson-1997 ) or rodents ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"precentral gyrus of the insula (human)","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"precentral gyrus of island","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus precentralis insulae","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"insula","parentNeuroNamesId":"111","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=111","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"insula","parentNeuroNamesId":"111","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=111","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"120","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"102","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","standardName":"long insular gyri","standardAcronym":"LIG","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=120","cDefinition":"refers to a composite cortical structure consisting of two gyri located ventrocaudally in the insula of the human. Also known as the posterior insula, this combination of gyri is identified by dissection. It includes the anterior long gyrus and the posterior long gyrus. The two are separated from the short insular gyri of the anterior insula by the central insular sulcus ( Ture-1999 ). Some authors consider the long insular gyri to be a single gyrus ( Roberts-1970 ). The insular gyri do not exist in macaques or rodents ( NeuroNames ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"long insular gyri (human)","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"long gyrus of insula","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"long insular gyri","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"6"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior insula","synonymSource":"Ture-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Topographic anatomy of the insular region","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior insular cortex","synonymSource":"Kurth-2010a","synonymSourceTitle":"Cytoarchitecture and Probabiblistic Maps of the Human Posterior Insular Cortex","pubMedHits":"70"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"lobus insulae posterior","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus longus insulae","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyri longus insulae","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyri longi","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyri centrales posterior","synonymSource":"Mufson-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Chemical neuroanatomy of the primate insula cortex: relationship to cytoarchitectonics, connectivity, function and neurodegeneration","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"gyrus insulaires longs","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"giro insulare lungo","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"длинная извилина островка","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"длинные извилины островка","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"задняя доля островка","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"circunvoluciones largas de la ínsula","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"insula","parentNeuroNamesId":"111","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=111","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"insula","parentNeuroNamesId":"111","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=111","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"121","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"103","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"anterior long gyrus","standardAcronym":"ALG","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=121","cDefinition":"refers to one of two long insular gyri in the posterior part of the human insula. Identified by dissection its rostrodorsal boundary is the central insular sulcus. It is separated, sometimes only partially, from the posterior long gyrus by the postcentral insular sulcus ( Crosby-1962; Duvernoy-1992 ). It is found only in humans, not in macaques ( Mufson-1997 ) or rodents ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"first posterior central gyrus (human)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior long gyrus","synonymSource":"Ture-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Topographic anatomy of the insular region","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior long insular gyrus","synonymSource":"Ture-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Topographic anatomy of the insular region","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus centralis posterior primus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus centralis posterior primus","synonymSource":"Mufson-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Chemical neuroanatomy of the primate insula cortex: relationship to cytoarchitectonics, connectivity, function and neurodegeneration","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"long insular gyri","parentNeuroNamesId":"120","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=120","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"long insular gyri","parentNeuroNamesId":"120","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=120","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"122","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"104","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"posterior long gyrus","standardAcronym":"PLG","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=122","cDefinition":"refers to one of two long insular gyri identified by dissection in the human. Its posteroinferior boundary is the inferior limiting sulcus ( Ture-1999 ). It is separated, sometimes only partially, from the anterior long gyrus by the postcentral insular sulcus ( Crosby-1962; Duvernoy-1992 ). It is found only in humans, not in macaques ( Mufson-1997 ) or rodents ( NeuroNames ).\r\n.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"second posterior central gyrus (human)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior long gyrus","synonymSource":"Ture-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Topographic anatomy of the insular region","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior long insular gyrus","synonymSource":"Ture-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Topographic anatomy of the insular region","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus centralis posterior secundus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus centralis posterior secundus","synonymSource":"Mufson-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Chemical neuroanatomy of the primate insula cortex: relationship to cytoarchitectonics, connectivity, function and neurodegeneration","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"long insular gyri","parentNeuroNamesId":"120","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=120","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"long insular gyri","parentNeuroNamesId":"120","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=120","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"123","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"105","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"accessory insular gyrus","standardAcronym":"AIG","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=123","cDefinition":"refers to a small convolution of the insula identified by dissection in 82% of human hemispheres. One of five gyri of the anterior insula, it is bounded rostrally by the anterior limiting sulcus; a branch of the same sulcus separates it dorsally from the anterior short gyrus. It is continuous ventrally with the transverse insular gyrus ( Ture-1999 ). It is not found in macaques or rodents ( NeuroNames ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"accessory short gyrus (human)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"accessory insular gyrus","synonymSource":"Ture-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Topographic anatomy of the insular region","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus brevis accessorius","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"insula","parentNeuroNamesId":"111","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=111","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"insula","parentNeuroNamesId":"111","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=111","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"124","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"106","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"transverse insular gyrus","standardAcronym":"TIG","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=124","cDefinition":"refers to a small convolution of the insula identified by dissection in 86% of human hemispheres. The most anteroventral part of the insula, it is bounded dorsally by the anterior limiting sulcus. It is continuous caudally with the anterior short gyrus and rostrally with the posteromedial orbital lobule of the posterior orbital gyrus. ( Ture-1999 ). It is not found in macaques or rodents ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior accessory gyrus (human)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"transverse insular gyrus","synonymSource":"Ture-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Topographic anatomy of the insular region","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus accessorius anterior","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus accessorius anterior of insula","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"insula","parentNeuroNamesId":"111","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=111","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"insula","parentNeuroNamesId":"111","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=111","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"125","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"107","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","standardName":"temporal lobe","standardAcronym":"TL","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=125","cDefinition":"refers to one of six divisions of the cerebral cortex defined by dissection in the human ( Ono-1990 ) and the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). It is located between the frontal lobe, from which, it is separated by the lateral fissure; the parietal lobe, from which it is separated by the terminal descending limb of the lateral fissure with ill-defined extension to the occipital lobe boundary; the occipital lobe from which it is separated by an oblique plane through the parieto-occipital sulcus on the dorsomedial margin of the hemisphere and the preoccipital notch on the ventromedial margin; and from the insula by the inferior limiting sulcus. On the ventromedial surface of the hemisphere it is bounded medially by the occipital lobe and the limbic lobe, from which it is separated by the collateral sulcus and the rhinal sulcus ( Duvernoy-1992 ). \r\nIt is composed of six gyri. Those on the lateral surface of the hemisphere include the superior temporal gyrus, the middle temporal gyrus, and the inferior temporal gyrus. The latter continues onto the ventral surface of the hemisphere where it abuts the fusiform gyrus. Two other short horizontal gyri are hidden in the ventral wall of the lateral fissure: the anterior transverse temporal gyrus and the posterior transverse temporal gyrus ( Ture-1999 ).\r\nThe lobe is similar in the macaque, except that it lacks transverse temporal gyri. Other differences are that the upper part of the caudal border is with the angular gyrus of the parietal lobe. That and the lower part of the boundary, which separates it from the occipital lobe, are unmarked by anatomical features. The boundary with the posterior parahippocampal gyrus of the limbic lobe is likewise ill defined ( Martin-2000 ). \r\n Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"lobus temporal","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"temporal lobe","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"23508"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"temporal lobe","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"23508"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"temporal cortex","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"3757"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"temporal region","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"1297"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lobus temporalis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Schläfenlappen","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Temporallappen","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"lobo temporale","synonymSource":"Rigutti-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlante di Anatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"височная доля","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"lóbulo temporal","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"126","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"108","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"temporal pole","standardAcronym":"tmp","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=126","cDefinition":"refers to a superficial feature of the temporal lobe, namely, the surface of the rostral extreme of the lobe. Identified by dissection, it is found in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( Krieg-1975 ). The smooth cerebral cortex of the rat and the mouse does not exhibit this feature ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"kutub temporal","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"temporal pole","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"451"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"temporal pole, cerebral cortex","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Polus temporalis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Polus temporalis","synonymSource":"Krieg-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Interpretive Atlas Of The Monkey's Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"pole temporal","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"височный полюс","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"temporal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"125","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=125","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"127","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"109","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"temporal operculum - obsolete","standardAcronym":"","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=127","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"opercule temporal","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"височная покрышка","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"opérculo temporal","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"temporal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"125","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=125","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"128","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"110","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"transverse temporal sulcus","standardAcronym":"tts","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=128","cDefinition":"refers to a short branch from the lateral fissure into the superior temporal gyrus of the human ( Duvernoy-1992 ). Identified by dissection, it marks the caudal boundary of the posterior transverse temporal gyrus. It is not found in the macaque nor in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat and mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"transverse temporal sulcus","synonymSource":"Szikla-1977","synonymSourceTitle":"Angiography Of The Human Brain Cortex: Atlas of Vascular Patterns and Stereotactic Cortical Localization","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulci temporales transversi","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon temporal transverse","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"поперечная височная борозда","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"поперечные височные борозды","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"temporal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"125","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=125","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"129","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"111","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"superior temporal sulcus","standardAcronym":"sts","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=129","cDefinition":"refers to a prominent sulcus that lies parallel to the lateral fissure in the temporal lobe of the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). Identified by dissection, it marks the boundary between the superior temporal gyrus above and the middle temporal gyrus below. \r\nIn the human it extends into the angular gyrus of the parietal lobe ( Duvernoy-1992 ). In the macaque it marks the boundary between the angular gyrus and the supramarginal gyrus of the parietal lobe ( Martin-2000 ). Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"sulkus temporal superior","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"superior temporal sulcus","synonymSource":"Szabo-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"A stereotaxic atlas of the brain of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)","pubMedHits":"882"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"superior temporal sulcus","synonymSource":"Krieg-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Interpretive Atlas Of The Monkey's Brain","pubMedHits":"882"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superior temporal fissure","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"parallel sulcus","synonymSource":"Szikla-1977","synonymSourceTitle":"Angiography Of The Human Brain Cortex: Atlas of Vascular Patterns and Stereotactic Cortical Localization","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"sulcus t1","synonymSource":"Cunningham-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Contribution to the Surface Anatomy of the Cerebral Hemispheres with a Chapter upon Cranio-Cerebral Topography","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus temporalis superior","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Sulcus temporalis superior","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus temporalis primus","synonymSource":"Cunningham-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Contribution to the Surface Anatomy of the Cerebral Hemispheres with a Chapter upon Cranio-Cerebral Topography","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon paralléle","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon temporal supérior","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"solco temporale superiore","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"верхняя височная борозда","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"cisura temporal superior","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"temporal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"125","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=125","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"temporal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"125","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=125","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"130","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"112","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"inferior temporal sulcus","standardAcronym":"its","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=130","cDefinition":"refers to an interrupted sulcus on the ventrolateral surface of the temporal lobe of the human. Identified by gross observation, it contributes to the boundary between the middle temporal gyrus and the inferior temporal gyrus ( Nomina-1983; Roberts-1970 ). It is topologically equivalent to the middle temporal sulcus, posterior middle temporal sulcus and anterior middle temporal sulcus of the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). It is not found in the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).\r\nThe fact that most atlases of macaque and human brains continue to refer to the interrupted sulcus in this location by different names is a great source of confusion in primate cortical anatomy. For more on the basis for confusion, see middle temporal sulcus. ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"sulkus inferior","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"sulcus temporalis inferior","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"inferior temporal sulcus","synonymSource":"Ono-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci","pubMedHits":"34"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"second temporal sulcus","synonymSource":"Szikla-1977","synonymSourceTitle":"Angiography Of The Human Brain Cortex: Atlas of Vascular Patterns and Stereotactic Cortical Localization","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"middle temporal sulcus (Szikla)","synonymSource":"Szikla-1977","synonymSourceTitle":"Angiography Of The Human Brain Cortex: Atlas of Vascular Patterns and Stereotactic Cortical Localization","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"middle temporal fissure (Crosby)","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"sulcus t2","synonymSource":"Cunningham-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Contribution to the Surface Anatomy of the Cerebral Hemispheres with a Chapter upon Cranio-Cerebral Topography","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"inferior temporal sulcus-1","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus temporalis inferior","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus temporalis medius (Roberts)","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus temporalis secundus","synonymSource":"Cunningham-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Contribution to the Surface Anatomy of the Cerebral Hemispheres with a Chapter upon Cranio-Cerebral Topography","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon temporal inférieur","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"нижняя височная борозда","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"средняя височная борозда (Савельева)","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"temporal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"125","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=125","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"131","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"113","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"middle temporal sulcus","standardAcronym":"mts","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=131","cDefinition":"refers to the central of three short sulci on the ventrolateral surface of the temporal lobe of the macaque. It is identified by gross observation. The other two are the posterior middle temporal sulcus and the anterior middle temporal sulcus ( Bonin-1947 ). The three represent an interrupted sulcus that contributes to the boundary between the middle temporal gyrus and the inferior temporal gyrus. The middle sulcus is topologically equivalent to the central part of the inferior temporal sulcus of the human ( Ono-1990 ). It is not found in the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).\r\nThe fact that most brain atlases of the macaque ( Martin-2000; Paxinos-2009a ) and the human ( Ono-1990; Duvernoy-1992; Mai-1997 ) continue to refer to the interrupted sulcus in this location by different names is a source of some confusion in primate cortical anatomy. The root of the confusion appears to be that anatomists who worked with either species in the mid-1900s and who used the term 'middle temporal sulcus' referred to the occipitotemporal sulcus as 'inferior temporal sulcus' ( Crosby-1962; Roberts-1970 ). Since the late 1900s anatomists working with both species have settled on ' occipitotemporal sulcus ' for the more ventral sulcus ( Ono-1990; Martin-2000 ). Human atlases have settled on inferior temporal sulcus for the sulcus marking the lower boundary of the middle temporal gyrus ( Ono-1990 ), but macaque atlases continue to refer to it as a two- or three-part middle temporal sulcus ( Martin-2000; Paxinos-2009a ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"anterior middle temporal sulcus (Bonin)","synonymSource":"Bonin-1947","synonymSourceTitle":"The Neocortex of Macaca Mulatta","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"middle temporal sulcus","synonymSource":"Martin-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Primate Brain Maps: Structure Of The Macaque Brain","pubMedHits":"6"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"middle temporal sulcus","synonymSource":"Szabo-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"A stereotaxic atlas of the brain of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)","pubMedHits":"6"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"middle temporal sulcus","synonymSource":"Krieg-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Interpretive Atlas Of The Monkey's Brain","pubMedHits":"6"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"anterior middle temporal sulcus (Martin-97)","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Sulcus temporalis medius","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"средняя височная борозда","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"temporal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"125","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=125","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"temporal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"125","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=125","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"132","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"114","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"anterior middle temporal sulcus","standardAcronym":"amts","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=132","cDefinition":"refers to the most rostral of three short sulci on the ventrolateral surface of the temporal lobe of the macaque ( Bonin-1947 ). It is identified by dissection. The others are the middle temporal sulcus ( Krieg-1975 ) and the posterior middle temporal sulcus ( Bonin-1947 ). The three represent an interrupted sulcus that contributes to the boundary between the middle temporal gyrus and the inferior temporal gyrus. The anterior sulcus is topologically equivalent to the rostral part of the inferior temporal sulcus of the human ( Ono-1990 ).\r\nThe fact that most atlases of macaque and human brains continue to refer to the interrupted sulcus in this location by different names is a source of some confusion in primate cortical anatomy. For the root of the confusion see middle temporal sulcus.\r\nEquivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fuscata","synonymName":"anterior middle temporal sulcus","synonymSource":"Cheng-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Organization of corticostriatal and corticoamygdalar projections arising from the anterior inferotemporal area TE of the macaque monkey: a Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin study","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"anterior middle temporal sulcus","synonymSource":"Martin-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Primate Brain Maps: Structure Of The Macaque Brain","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"middle temporal sulcus (Krieg)","synonymSource":"Krieg-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Interpretive Atlas Of The Monkey's Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"middle temporal sulcus (Martin-97)","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"Sulcus temporalis medius anterior","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"temporal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"125","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=125","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"temporal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"125","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=125","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"133","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"115","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"posterior middle temporal sulcus","standardAcronym":"pmts","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=133","cDefinition":"refers to the most caudal of three short sulci on the ventrolateral surface of the temporal lobe of the macaque. It is identified by dissecton. The others are the middle temporal sulcus ( Krieg-1975 ) and the anterior middle temporal sulcus ( Bonin-1947 ). The three represent an interrupted sulcus that contributes to the boundary between the middle temporal gyrus and the inferior temporal gyrus. The posterior sulcus is topologically equivalent to the caudal part of the inferior temporal sulcus of the human ( Ono-1990 ).\r\nThe fact that most atlases of macaque and human brains continue to refer to the interrupted sulcus in this location by different names is a source of some confusion in primate cortical anatomy. For the root of the confusion see middle temporal sulcus.\r\nEquivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"posterior middle temporal sulcus","synonymSource":"Martin-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"A stereotaxic template atlas of the macaque brain for digital imaging and quantitative neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"Sulcus temporalis medius posterior","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"temporal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"125","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=125","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"temporal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"125","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=125","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"134","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"116","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"anterior transverse temporal gyrus","standardAcronym":"ATTG","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=134","cDefinition":"refers to the more rostral of two or three short oblique convolutions in the inferior wall of the lateral fissure in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ). Identified by dissection, they are located on the upper surface of the superior temporal gyrus, rostral to the planum temporale. The more caudal convolution is the posterior transverse temporal gyrus. Transverse temporal gyri are not seen in the macaque or in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"great transverse gyrus of Heschl","synonymSource":"Szikla-1977","synonymSourceTitle":"Angiography Of The Human Brain Cortex: Atlas of Vascular Patterns and Stereotactic Cortical Localization","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior transverse temporal convolution of Heschl","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"first transverse gyrus of Heschl","synonymSource":"Zilles-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior transverse temporal gyrus","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus temporalis transversus anterior","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus temporalis transversus primus","synonymSource":"Szikla-1977","synonymSourceTitle":"Angiography Of The Human Brain Cortex: Atlas of Vascular Patterns and Stereotactic Cortical Localization","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"извилины Гешля","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"поперечные височные извилины","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"temporal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"125","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=125","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"temporal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"125","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=125","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"135","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"117","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"posterior transverse temporal gyrus","standardAcronym":"PTTG","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=135","cDefinition":"refers to the more caudal of two or three short oblique convolutions in the inferior wall of the lateral fissure in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ). Identified by dissection, they are located on the upper surface of the superior temporal gyrus, rostral to the planum temporale.. The more rostral convolution is the anterior transverse temporal gyrus. Transverse temporal gyri are not seen in the macaque or in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior transverse temporal convolution of Heschl","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior transverse temporal gyrus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus temporalis transversus posterior","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"temporal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"125","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=125","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"temporal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"125","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=125","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"136","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"118","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"superior temporal gyrus","standardAcronym":"STG","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=136","cDefinition":"refers to one of six convolutions of the temporal lobe identified by dissection in the human ( Carpenter-1983 )...four in the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). Located on the lateral aspect of the cerebral hemisphere, it is the most dorsal of the temporal gyri. It is separated from the frontal lobe by the lateral fissure. Two short oblique convolutions appear on its upper surface (which forms the lower bank of the lateral fissure): the anterior transverse temporal gyrus and the posterior transverse temporal gyrus. Its boundary with the inferior parietal lobule is marked by the terminal descending limb of the lateral fissure with an ill-defined extension to the superior temporal sulcus. The latter marks its lower boundary with the middle temporal gyrus. It extends rostrally to the temporal pole where its border with the inferior temporal gyrus is unmarked by anatomical feature. Deep in the lateral fissure it is separated from the insula by the inferior limiting sulcus. \r\nThe superior temporal gyrus of the macaque is similar, except that no transverse temporal gyrus appears on its dorsal surface; the lateral fissure separates it from the supramarginal gyrus of the inferior parietal lobule as well as from the frontal lobe; and it wraps around the temporal pole a short distance to the rhinal sulcus, which separates it from the limbic lobe ( Martin-2000 ). \r\n Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"girus superior","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superior temporal gyrus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"1332"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"superior temporal gyrus","synonymSource":"Krieg-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Interpretive Atlas Of The Monkey's Brain","pubMedHits":"1332"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus temporalis superior","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"6"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca nemestrina","synonymName":"Gyrus temporalis superior","synonymSource":"Winters-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Brain Atlas For Macaca nemestrina","pubMedHits":"6"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"Papio","synonymName":"premiére circonvolution temporale","synonymSource":"Riche-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Stéréotaxique du Cerveau de Babouin (Papio papio)","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"gyrus temporal supérieur","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"giro temporale superiore","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"верхняя височная извилина","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"circunvolución temporal superior","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"temporal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"125","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=125","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"temporal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"125","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=125","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"temporal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"125","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=125","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"temporal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"125","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=125","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"137","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"119","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"middle temporal gyrus","standardAcronym":"MTG","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=137","cDefinition":"refers to one of six convolutions of the temporal lobe identified by dissection in the human ( Carpenter-1983 )...four in the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). Located on the lateral aspect of the cerebral hemisphere, it is separated dorsally from the superior temporal gyrus by the superior temporal sulcus. Its boundary with the inferior parietal lobule is marked by an ill-defined line from the terminal descending limb of the lateral fissure to the equally ill-defined boundary between the temporal lobe and the occipital lobe. Its lower boundary with the inferior temporal gyrus is marked by the inferior temporal sulcus. It extends rostrally to the inferior margin of the hemisphere where its border with the inferior temporal gyrus is unmarked by anatomical feature. \r\nThe middle temporal gyrus of the macaque is similar, except that the caudal boundary, while no more clearly defined than in the human, is with the angular gyrus of the inferior parietal lobule rather than with the occipital lobe. And its boundary with the inferior temporal gyrus is marked by three short sulci, which are topologically equivalent to the inferior temporal sulcus of the human, but, in the macaque, are named posterior middle temporal sulcus ( Martin-1996 ) middle temporal sulcus ( Krieg-1975 ), and anterior middle temporal sulcus ( Cheng-1997 ).\r\n Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"girus temporal tengah","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"middle temporal gyrus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"546"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"middle temporal gyrus","synonymSource":"Krieg-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Interpretive Atlas Of The Monkey's Brain","pubMedHits":"546"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"intermediate temporal gyrus","synonymSource":"Ono-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"inferior temporal gyrus (Seltzer)","synonymSource":"Seltzer-1978","synonymSourceTitle":"Afferent cortical connections and architectonics of the superior temporal sulcus and surrounding cortex in the rhesus monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus temporalis medius","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"gyrus temporal moyen","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"Papio","synonymName":"deuxiéme circonvolution temporale","synonymSource":"Riche-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Stéréotaxique du Cerveau de Babouin (Papio papio)","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"giro temporale medio","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"средняя височная извилина","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"circunvolución temporal media","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"temporal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"125","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=125","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"temporal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"125","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=125","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"temporal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"125","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=125","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"temporal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"125","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=125","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"138","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"120","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"inferior temporal gyrus","standardAcronym":"ITG","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=138","cDefinition":"refers to one of six convolutions of the temporal lobe identified by dissection in the human ( Carpenter-1983 )...four in the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). Located on the ventral aspect of the cerebral hemisphere, it is separated at the inferior margin of the hemisphere from the middle temporal gyrus by the inferior temporal sulcus. Its caudal boundary is marked by the preoccipital notch. It is separated from the fusiform gyrus medially by the occipitotemporal sulcus. And its rostroventral boundaries with the middle temporal gyrus and the superior temporal gyrus occur, unmarked by anatomical features, at the inferior margin of the hemisphere. \r\nThe inferior temporal gyrus of the macaque is similar, except that its boundary with the middle temporal gyrus is marked by three short sulci, which are topologically equivalent to the inferior temporal sulcus of the human, but, in the macaque, are named posterior middle temporal sulcus ( Martin-1996 ) middle temporal sulcus ( Krieg-1975 ), and anterior middle temporal sulcus ( Cheng-1997 ). \r\n Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"girus temporal inferior","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"gyrus temporalis inferior","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"inferior temporal gyrus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"285"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"inferior temporal gyrus","synonymSource":"Krieg-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Interpretive Atlas Of The Monkey's Brain","pubMedHits":"285"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral occipitotemporal gyrus (Heimer-83)","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus temporalis inferior","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca nemestrina","synonymName":"Gyrus temporalis inferior","synonymSource":"Winters-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Brain Atlas For Macaca nemestrina","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"gyrus temporal inférieur","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"giro temporale inferiore","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"нижняя височная извилина","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"circunvolución temporal inferior","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"temporal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"125","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=125","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"temporal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"125","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=125","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"temporal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"125","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=125","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"temporal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"125","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=125","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"139","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"121","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"fusiform gyrus","standardAcronym":"FuG","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=139","cDefinition":"refers to one of six convolutions of the temporal lobe identified by dissection in the human, four of which are also found in the macaque. In order from the dorsolateral to ventromedial aspect of the hemisphere, the common convolutions are: superior temporal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, and fusiform gyrus ( Carpenter-1983; Martin-2000 ). Located on the ventral aspect of the cerebral hemisphere, the fusiform gyrus is separated from the inferior temporal gyrus laterally by the occipitotemporal sulcus. The collateral sulcus separates it from the parahippocampal gyrus of the limbic lobe anteromedially and from the lingual gyrus of the occipital lobe posteromedially. In the macaque the adjacent gyri are similar, but their boundaries are only partially defined by the sulci. In particular, the rostral boundaries with the parahippocampal gyrus and the inferior temporal gyrus are ill-defined.\r\n Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"girus oksipitotemporal lateral","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"T4","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"25261"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"fusiform gyrus","synonymSource":"Talairach-1988","synonymSourceTitle":"Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"884"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"fusiform gyrus","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"884"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"fusiform gyrus","synonymSource":"Ono-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci","pubMedHits":"884"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"occipitotemporal gyrus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"30"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral occipitotemporal gyrus","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"16"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral occipitotemporal gyrus","synonymSource":"Kretschmann-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Cranial Neuroimaging and Clinical Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"16"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral occipito-temporal gyrus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial occipitotemporal gyrus-1 (Heimer)","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus fusiformis","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Gyrus fusiformis","synonymSource":"Krieg-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Interpretive Atlas Of The Monkey's Brain","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus occipito-temporalis lateralis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus occipitotemporalis lateralis","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"gyrus fusiforme","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"giro occipito-temporale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"веретеновидная извилина","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"латеральная затылочно-височная извилина","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"circunvolución temporooccipital","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"circunvolución fusiforme","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"temporal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"125","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=125","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"temporal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"125","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=125","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"temporal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"125","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=125","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"temporal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"125","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=125","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"140","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"122","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","standardName":"occipital lobe","standardAcronym":"OL","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=140","cDefinition":"refers to one of six divisions of the cerebral cortex defined by dissection in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). It is located at the back of the brain. Viewed from the side, it is separated from the parietal lobe dorsally and from the temporal lobe ventrally by an oblique plane through the parieto-occipital sulcus on the dorsal margin of the hemisphere and the preoccipital notch on the ventral margin. In some cases the lower part of the boundary is marked by a anterior occipital sulcus ( Duvernoy-1992 ).On the medial surface it is separated from the parietal lobe by the parieto-occipital sulcus and from the temporal lobe by the collateral sulcus. ( For an alternate definition adopted by some authors, see occipital lobe (Ono).\r\nIts gyral pattern in the human is perhaps the most variable of any of the six lobes. In most brains it contains five basic convolutions: the superior occipital gyrus, the middle occipital gyrus, the inferior occipital gyrus, the lingual gyrus, and the cuneus.\r\nThe boundaries of the occipital lobe of the macaque are similar except that the rostral border as viewed from the side is well marked by the lunate sulcus of the macaque. The convolutions are similar except that the macaque has a single occipital gyrus where the human has superior and middle occipital gyri; and the macaque has a prominent annectant gyrus deep in an extension of the intraparietal sulcus into the occipital lobe.\r\nEquivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"lobus oksipital","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"occipital lobe","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"5335"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"occipital lobe","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"5335"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"occipital cortex","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"2557"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"occipital region","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"925"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lobus occipitalis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Okzipitallapen","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Hinterhauptslappen","synonymSource":"Schultze-1993","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomisches Wörterbuch","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Hinterhauptlappen","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"lobe occipital","synonymSource":"Dubach-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Telencephalic dopamine cells in monkeys, humans, and rats","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"lobo occipitale","synonymSource":"Rigutti-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlante di Anatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"corteccia occipitale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"затылочная доля","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"lóbulo occipital","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"141","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"123","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"occipital pole","standardAcronym":"ocp","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=141","cDefinition":"refers to the caudal tip of the cerebral cortex. It is a superficial feature found in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ), macaque ( Martin-2000 ), rat, and mouse ( NeuroNames ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"kutub oksipital","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"occipital pole","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"147"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Polus occipitalis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Polus occipitalis","synonymSource":"Krieg-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Interpretive Atlas Of The Monkey's Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Okzipitalpol","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"pole occipital","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"polo occipitale","synonymSource":"Rigutti-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlante di Anatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"затылочный полюс","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"occipital lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"140","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=140","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"occipital lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"140","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=140","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"142","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"124","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"anterior occipital sulcus","standardAcronym":"aocs","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=142","cDefinition":"refers to a superficial feature of the lateral aspect of the cerebral cortex that is seen in some human brains ( Duvernoy-1992 ). Where present, it originates in the preoccipital notch on the ventral margin of the hemisphere and marks the boundary between the temporal lobe rostrally and the occipital lobe caudally. In some cases it is seen as a branch of the inferior temporal sulcus and referred to as a 'posterior' or 'ascending limb' of that sulcus. It is not found in the macaque or in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ascending limb of the inferior temporal sulcus","synonymSource":"Watson-1993","synonymSourceTitle":"Area V5 of the human brain: evidence from a combined study using positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior inferior temporal sulcus","synonymSource":"Van Essen-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Structural and functional analyses of human cerebral cortex using a surface-based atlas","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior occipital sulcus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"5"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus occipitalis anterior","synonymSource":"Nieuwenhuys-1987","synonymSourceTitle":"Illustrations of the gross anatomy of the brain","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"sulci occipitales superiores","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon occipital antérieur","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"solco occipitale anteriore","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"верхние затылочные борозды","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"cisura occipital anterior","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"occipital lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"140","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=140","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"143","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"125","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"lateral occipital sulcus","standardAcronym":"locs","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=143","cDefinition":"refers to a horizontal groove on the lateral aspect of the occipital lobe of human cerebral cortex. It separates the middle occipital gyrus into superior and inferior parts. In some cases it intersects the lunate sulcus of the human caudally ( Duvernoy-1992 ). Some authors regard the lunate sulcus to be part of the the lateral occipital sulcus ( Van Essen Lab-2002 ).\r\nEquivalent structures are not found in the macaque or in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat and mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral occipital sulcus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus occipitalis lateralis","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon occipital latéral","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon prelunatus","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon occipital moyen","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"solco occipitale laterale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"боковая затылочная борозда","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"cisura occipital lateral","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"occipital lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"140","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=140","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"144","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"126","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"inferior occipital sulcus","standardAcronym":"iocs","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=144","cDefinition":"refers to a horizontal groove low on the lateral aspect of the occipital lobe of human cerebral cortex. It separates the middle occipital gyrus above from the inferior occipital gyrus below ( Duvernoy-1992 ). In the macaque it extends from the ventrolateral surface of the occipital lobe to the ventral surface and separates the occipital gyrus from the inferior occipital gyrus. Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat and mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"inferior occipital sulcus","synonymSource":"Szabo-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"A stereotaxic atlas of the brain of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)","pubMedHits":"8"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"occipitoinferior sulcus","synonymSource":"Seltzer-1978","synonymSourceTitle":"Afferent cortical connections and architectonics of the superior temporal sulcus and surrounding cortex in the rhesus monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Sulcus occipitalis inferior","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon occipital inférieur","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"occipital lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"140","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=140","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"occipital lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"140","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=140","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"145","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"127","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"transverse occipital sulcus","standardAcronym":"tocs","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=145","cDefinition":"refers to a variable multibranched groove on the dorsolateral aspect of the occipital lobe of the human ( Duvernoy-1992 ). In some brains it is continuous with the intraparietal sulcus rostrally ( Ono-1990 ). It is not found in the macaque nor in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ). See also occipital place area.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"transverse occipital sulcus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus occipitalis transversus","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon occipital transverse","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"solco occipitale transverso","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"поперечная затылочная борозда","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"cisura occipital transversa","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"occipital lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"140","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=140","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"146","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"128","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"external calcarine sulcus","standardAcronym":"ecs","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=146","cDefinition":"refers to a short horizontal groove on the lateral surface of the cerebral cortex near the occipital pole of the occipital lobe. It is found in the human ( Duvernoy-1992 ) and the macaque ( Martin-2000; Paxinos-2009a ). No equivalent structure is found in the rat or the mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"external calcarine sulcus","synonymSource":"Bonin-1947","synonymSourceTitle":"The Neocortex of Macaca Mulatta","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"external calcarine fissure","synonymSource":"Cunningham-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Contribution to the Surface Anatomy of the Cerebral Hemispheres with a Chapter upon Cranio-Cerebral Topography","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"chimpanzee","synonymName":"external calcarine fissure","synonymSource":"Cunningham-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Contribution to the Surface Anatomy of the Cerebral Hemispheres with a Chapter upon Cranio-Cerebral Topography","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"ectocalcarine sulcus","synonymSource":"Bonin-1947","synonymSourceTitle":"The Neocortex of Macaca Mulatta","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"occipitopolar sulcus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Sulcus ectocalcarinus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon occipitopolaire","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"occipital lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"140","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=140","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"occipital lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"140","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=140","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"147","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"129","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"superior calcarine sulcus","standardAcronym":"sccs","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=147","cDefinition":"refers to one of two extensions of the calcarine sulcus where it splits into two short vertically oriented branches near the occipital pole. This is the dorsally curved superior branch; the other is a symmetrical, ventrally curved inferior calcarine sulcus. They are found in the macaque ( Martin-2000; Paxinos-2009a ) and, though not named as separate sulci, illustrated in human brain atlases ( Ono-1990; Duvernoy-1992; Mai-1997 ). No comparable structures are found in the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"superior ramus of calcarine fissure","synonymSource":"Bonin-1947","synonymSourceTitle":"The Neocortex of Macaca Mulatta","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"upper calcarine sulcus","synonymSource":"Krieg-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Interpretive Atlas Of The Monkey's Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"superior calcarine sulcus","synonymSource":"Martin-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Primate Brain Maps: Structure Of The Macaque Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"retrocalcarine sulcus","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Ramus ascendens fissurae calcarinae","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon rétrocalcarin supérieur","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"occipital lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"140","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=140","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"occipital lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"140","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=140","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"148","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"130","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"inferior calcarine sulcus","standardAcronym":"iccs","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=148","cDefinition":"refers to one of two extensions of the calcarine sulcus, where it splits into two short vertically oriented branches near the occipital pole. This is the ventrally curved inferior branch; the other is a symmetrical, dorsally curved superior calcarine sulcus. The branches are found in the macaque ( Martin-2000; Paxinos-2009a ) and, though often not named as separate structures, are illustrated in human brain atlases ( Ono-1990; Duvernoy-1992; Mai-1997 ). No comparable structures are found in the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"inferior calcarine sulcus (macaque)","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"inferior ramus of calcarine fissure","synonymSource":"Bonin-1947","synonymSourceTitle":"The Neocortex of Macaca Mulatta","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"lower calcarine sulcus","synonymSource":"Krieg-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Interpretive Atlas Of The Monkey's Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","synonymName":"inferior calcarine sulcus","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Ramus descendens fissurae calcarinae","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon rétrocalcarine inférieur","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"occipital lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"140","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=140","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"occipital lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"140","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=140","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"149","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"131","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"posterior calcarine sulcus - obsolete","standardAcronym":"pccs","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=149","cDefinition":"only Crosby ever used the term, and her illustrations with it suggested she didn't mean it to be a term unto itself. 'posterior' is just an adjective indicating the caudal portion. ","parents":[{"parentStandardName":"occipital lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"140","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=140","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"150","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"132","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"lunate sulcus of the macaque","standardAcronym":"lus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=150","cDefinition":"refers to a prominent groove on the lateral aspect of the cerebral cortex of the macaque. Identified by dissection, it originates from the parieto-occipital sulcus on the dorsal margin of the the hemisphere and separates the occipital lobe from the angular gyrus of the parietal lobe ( Martin-2000 ). It is not topologically equivalent to the lunate sulcus of the human, which is a minor sulcus near the occipital pole of the human cerebral cortex ( Duvernoy-1992 ). No equivalent is seen in the human or in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"lunate sulcus","synonymSource":"Szabo-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"A stereotaxic atlas of the brain of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)","pubMedHits":"23"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"lunate sulcus of the macaque","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Sulcus lunatus","synonymSource":"Sugar-1950","synonymSourceTitle":"Corticocortical connections of the cortex buried in the intraparietal and principal sulci of the monkey (Macaca mulatta)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Cercocebus torquatus","synonymName":"Sulcus simialis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1905","synonymSourceTitle":"Beitraege zur histologischen Lokalisation der Grosshirnrinde: dritte Mitteilung: Die Rindenfelder der niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Affenfurche","synonymSource":"Kappers-1960","synonymSourceTitle":"The Comparative Anatomy of the Nervous System of Vertebrates, Including Man","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Bodenfurche","synonymSource":"Kappers-1960","synonymSourceTitle":"The Comparative Anatomy of the Nervous System of Vertebrates, Including Man","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Affenspalte","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"solco lunato","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"occipital lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"140","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=140","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"occipital lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"140","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=140","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"151","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"133","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"intralingual sulcus","standardAcronym":"ils","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=151","cDefinition":"refers to a groove located within the boundaries of the lingual gyrus in the human. Identified by dissection, it is oriented parallel to the inferior margin of the occipital lobe ( Ono-1990; Duvernoy-1992 ). It is not found in the macaque or in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"intralingual sulcus (human)","synonymSource":"Ono-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus intralingualis","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon lingual","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"occipital lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"140","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=140","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"152","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"134","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"occipital gyrus","standardAcronym":"OG","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=152","cDefinition":"refers to the major convolution on the lateral surface of the occipital lobe of the macaque cerebral cortex. Defined by dissection, it is bounded rostrally by the lunate sulcus of the macaque, which separates it from the angular gyrus of the parietal lobe, and ventrally by the inferior occipital sulcus, which separates it from the inferior occipital gyrus. On the mesial surface of the hemisphere it is quite small, partially separated from the cuneus dorsally by the superior calcarine sulcus and from the inferior occipital gyrus ventrally by the inferior calcarine sulcus ( Martin-2000 ). Topologically it is equivalent to a combination of the superior occipital gyrus and the middle occipital gyrus of the human. It is not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"occipital gyrus","synonymSource":"Krieg-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Interpretive Atlas Of The Monkey's Brain","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca nemestrina","synonymName":"Gyrus occipitalis","synonymSource":"Winters-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Brain Atlas For Macaca nemestrina","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"occipital lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"140","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=140","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"occipital lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"140","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=140","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"occipital lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"140","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=140","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"occipital lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"140","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=140","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"153","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"135","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"annectant gyrus","standardAcronym":"AG","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=153","cDefinition":"refers to a buried convolution of cerebral cortex located in the floor of the deep intraparietal sulcus of the macaque ( Kappers-1960 ). It also extends a short way along the floor of the lunate sulcus of the macaque at its junction with the intraparietal sulcus ( Martin-2000; Dubach-2008 ). In the human, small topologically similar but unnamed convolutions appear in the depths of the intraparietal sulcus ( Duvernoy-1992; Mai-1997 ). \r\nEquivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"annectant gyrus","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"5"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"convolutions of Gratiolet","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"annectant gyrus","synonymSource":"Van Essen-1978","synonymSourceTitle":"The topographic organization of rhesus monkey prestriate cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"Gyrus annectens","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"occipital lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"140","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=140","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"occipital lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"140","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=140","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"occipital lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"140","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=140","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"occipital lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"140","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=140","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"154","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"136","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"superior occipital gyrus","standardAcronym":"SOG","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=154","cDefinition":"refers to a small convolution on the dorsal margin of the human occipital lobe. Identified by dissection, it is separated from the middle occipital gyrus below by the intra-occipital sulcus and is continuous with the cuneus at the superior margin of the hemisphere. Its rostral border is defined by the parieto-occipital sulcus ( Duvernoy-1992 ). It has no topological equivalent in the macaque or in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superior occipital gyrus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"73"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus occipitalis superior","synonymSource":"Talairach-1988","synonymSourceTitle":"Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus occipitalis primus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"gyrus occipital supérieur","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"giro occipitale superiore","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"верхняя затылочная извилина","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"circunvolución occipital superior","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"occipital lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"140","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=140","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"occipital lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"140","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=140","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"155","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"137","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"middle occipital gyrus","standardAcronym":"MOcG","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=155","cDefinition":"refers to the major convolution on the lateral surface of the occipital lobe in the human. Identified by dissection, it is separated from the superior occipital gyrus dorsally by the intra-occipital sulcus, from the inferior occipital gyrus ventrally by the inferior occipital sulcus, and from the parietal lobe and temporal lobe rostrally by a topologically ill-defined boundary approximated by an oblique plane connecting the parieto-occipital sulcus dorsally with the preoccipital notch ventrally ( Ono-1990 ). It has no topological equivalent in the macaque or in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral occipital gyrus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"16"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"middle occipital gyrus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"89"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus occipitalis medius","synonymSource":"Talairach-1988","synonymSourceTitle":"Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus occipitalis secundus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"gyrus occipital moyen","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"gyrus occipital latéral","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"giri occipitali laterali","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"боковая затылочная извилина","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"circunvolución occipital lateral","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"occipital lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"140","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=140","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"occipital lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"140","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=140","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"156","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"138","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"inferior occipital gyrus","standardAcronym":"IOG","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=156","cDefinition":"refers to the most ventral of the human occipital gyri defined on the basis of topology ( Duvernoy-1992 ). It is listed in the glossaries of Mai-1997 and of Talairach-1988, where it is annotated: \"the exact identification... is often difficult.\" Neither author labels it in atlas illustrations of the human occipital lobe. In the macaque it is defined as the portion of the occipital lobe bounded laterally by the inferior occipital sulcus, medially by the occipitotemporal sulcus and posteriorly by the inferior calcarine sulcus ( Martin-2000 ). It has no topological equivalent in the macaque or in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"inferior occipital gyrus","synonymSource":"Krieg-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Interpretive Atlas Of The Monkey's Brain","pubMedHits":"59"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus occipitalis inferior","synonymSource":"Talairach-1988","synonymSourceTitle":"Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus occipitalis tertius","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"gyrus occipital inférieur","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"occipital lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"140","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=140","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"occipital lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"140","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=140","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"occipital lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"140","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=140","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"occipital lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"140","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=140","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"157","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"139","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"cuneus","standardAcronym":"Cun","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=157","cDefinition":"refers to the major convolution on the mesial aspect of the occipital lobe. Identified by dissection in the human it is separated from the parietal lobe rostrally by the parieto-occipital sulcus, from the lingual gyrus ventrally by the calcarine sulcus. It is continuous with the superior occipital gyrus at the superior margin of the occipital lobe ( Duvernoy-1992; Ono-1990 ).. The boundaries in the macaque are similar except that it is separated from the occipital gyrus caudally by the superior calcarine sulcus and from the isthmus of the cingulate gyrus rostrally by a boundary undefined by anatomical landmarks ( Martin-2000 ). It has no topological equivalent in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"cuneus","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cuneus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"275"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cuneus of hemisphere","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cuneus gyrus","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cuneate lobule","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Cuneus","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"275"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Cuneus","synonymSource":"Krieg-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Interpretive Atlas Of The Monkey's Brain","pubMedHits":"275"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus cuneus","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Keil","synonymSource":"Schultze-1993","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomisches Wörterbuch","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"cuneus","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"cuneo","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"клин","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"cuña","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"occipital lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"140","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=140","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"occipital lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"140","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=140","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"occipital lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"140","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=140","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"occipital lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"140","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=140","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"158","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"140","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"lingual gyrus","standardAcronym":"LiG","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=158","cDefinition":"refers to the major convolution on the ventral surface of the occipital lobe. Identified by dissection, in the human it is separated from the isthmus of the cingulate gyrus rostrally by the anterior calcarine sulcus, from the cuneus dorsally by the calcarine sulcus, and from the fusiform gyrus laterally by the collateral sulcus. ( Duvernoy-1992; Ono-1990 ). The boundaries in the macaque are similar except that it is separated from the inferior occipital gyrus caudally by the occipitotemporal sulcus ( Martin-2000 ). It has no topological equivalent in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"girus oksipitotemporal medial","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"gyrus lingualis","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lingual gyrus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"211"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"lingual gyrus","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"211"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lingual gyrus","synonymSource":"Ono-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci","pubMedHits":"211"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lingula of cerebral hemisphere","synonymSource":"Ono-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial occipitotemporal gyrus","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"5"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial occipitotemporal gyrus","synonymSource":"Kretschmann-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Cranial Neuroimaging and Clinical Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"5"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial occipitotemporal gyrus-2","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus lingualis","synonymSource":"Talairach-1988","synonymSourceTitle":"Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Gyrus lingualis","synonymSource":"Krieg-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Interpretive Atlas Of The Monkey's Brain","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus lingualis","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus occipitotemporalis medialis","synonymSource":"Talairach-1988","synonymSourceTitle":"Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"gyrus lingual","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"giro linguale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"giro della lingula","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"медиальная затылочно-височная извилина","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"язычная извилина","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"circunvolución lingual","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"occipital lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"140","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=140","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"occipital lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"140","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=140","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"occipital lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"140","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=140","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"occipital lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"140","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=140","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"159","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"141","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","standardName":"cingulate gyrus","standardAcronym":"CgG","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=159","cDefinition":"refers to one of four components of the limbic lobe of the cerebral cortex. The others are the parahippocampal gyrus, the archicortex, and the subcallosal gyrus. Identified by dissection, it is a prominent convolution on the mesial aspect of the cerebral hemisphere. It is separated from the corpus callosum ventrally by the callosal sulcus. In the depth of the sulcus the supracallosal gyrus partially intervenes between it and the corpus callosum. \r\nDorsally it is separated from the frontal lobe and part of the parietal lobe by the cingulate sulcus. The splenial sulcus separates it from the ramainder of the parietal lobe caudally. It is composed of three parts: the anterior cingulate gyrus, the posterior cingulate gyrus, and the isthmus of the cingulate gyrus. \r\nExcept for greater complexity of sulcal patterns in the human ( Vogt-1995 ), the structure is similar in the macaque ( Vogt-1987 ). Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"girus singulum","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"girus singulat","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"gyrus cinguli","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cingulate gyrus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"1513"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"cingulate gyrus","synonymSource":"Krieg-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Interpretive Atlas Of The Monkey's Brain","pubMedHits":"1513"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"upper limbic gyrus","synonymSource":"Szikla-1977","synonymSourceTitle":"Angiography Of The Human Brain Cortex: Atlas of Vascular Patterns and Stereotactic Cortical Localization","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cingulate area","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"98"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cingulate region","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"96"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"cingulate region","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"96"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"cingular gyrus","synonymSource":"Walker-1940","synonymSourceTitle":"A cytoarchitectural study of the prefrontal area of the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"12"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus cingulatus","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus cinguli","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"3523"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca nemestrina","synonymName":"Gyrus cinguli","synonymSource":"Winters-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Brain Atlas For Macaca nemestrina","pubMedHits":"3523"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyri cinguli","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"gyrus cingulaire","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"giro cingolato","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"corteccia cingolata","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"giro del cingolo","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"извилина пояса","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"поясная извилина","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"circunvolución del cuerpo calloso","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"circunvolución del cuerpo calloso","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"limbic lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"834","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=834","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"limbic lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"834","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=834","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"limbic lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"834","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=834","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"limbic lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"834","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=834","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"160","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"142","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"horizontal dimple","standardAcronym":"icgd","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=160","cDefinition":"refers to a short depression in the cingulate gyrus of the limbic lobe. Identified by dissection it is found in the anterior cingulate gyrus of the human ( Vogt-1995 ). In the macaque it appears in the posterior cingulate gyrus ( Martin-2000 ). It is not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"intracingulate sulcus","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"horizontal dimple","synonymSource":"Vogt-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Human cingulate cortex: surface features, flat maps, and cytoarchitecture","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Sulcus intracinguli","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cingulate gyrus","parentNeuroNamesId":"159","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=159","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"cingulate gyrus","parentNeuroNamesId":"159","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=159","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"161","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"143","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"anterior cingulate gyrus","standardAcronym":"ACgG","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=161","cDefinition":"refers to one of three components of the cingulate gyrus of the limbic lobe in the human and the macaque. The others are the posterior cingulate gyrus and the isthmus of the cingulate gyrus ( Carpenter-1983 ). Identified by dissection and internal structure ( Brodmann-1909 ) it is a prominent convolution on the mesial aspect of the cerebral hemisphere. \r\nIn the human it lies dorsal to the anterior two-thirds of the corpus callosum from which it is separated by the callosal sulcus. Rostrally it wraps around the genu of the corpus callosum and becomes continuous with the subcallosal gyrus. In the depth of the callosal sulcus the supracallosal gyrus partially intervenes between it and the corpus callosum. It is not the same as the anterior cingulate cortex, which is defined on the basis of internal structure and function and occupies only the rostral part of the gyrus; the caudal part is midcingulate cortex ( Vogt-2012 ).\r\nDorsally the gyrus is separated from the superior frontal gyrus by the cingulate sulcus. It is bounded caudally by the posterior cingulate gyrus. The junction, which is unmarked topologically, is located at about the level of the central sulcus on the dorsal surface of the hemisphere. It corresponds to the boundary between cytoarchitectural area 24 (anterior) and area 23 (posterior) ( Vogt-2012 ). \r\nIn the macaque the gyrus occupies only the anterior half of the area dorsal to the corpus callosum and includes the area topologically equivalent to the subcallosal gyrus of the human. It is bounded rostrally by the straight gyrus from which it is partially separated by the rostral sulcus ( Martin-2000 ). Except for greater complexity of sulcal patterns in the human ( Vogt-1995 ), it is similar in the macaque ( Vogt-1987 ).\r\nWhile the rat and mouse share structures equivalent by internal structure to parts of anterior cingulate cortex in primates, a topological equivalent to the gyrus is not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse. ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior cingulate gyrus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"553"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"anterior cingulate gyrus","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"553"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"anterior cingulate","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"5093"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Gyrus limbicus anterior","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus cinguli anterior","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Cortex cingularis anterior","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cingulate gyrus","parentNeuroNamesId":"159","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=159","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"cingulate gyrus","parentNeuroNamesId":"159","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=159","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"cingulate gyrus","parentNeuroNamesId":"159","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=159","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"cingulate gyrus","parentNeuroNamesId":"159","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=159","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"162","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"144","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"posterior cingulate gyrus","standardAcronym":"PCgG","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=162","cDefinition":"refers to one of three components of the cingulate gyrus in the human and the macaque. The others are the anterior cingulate gyrus and the isthmus of the cingulate gyrus ( Carpenter-1983 ). Identified by dissection it is a prominent convolution on the mesial aspect of the cerebral hemisphere. \r\nIn the human it is continuous rostrally with the anterior cingulate gyrus. Their junction is located at about the level of the central sulcus and corresponds to the boundary between cytoarchitectural area 24 (anterior) and area 23 (posterior). The structure lies dorsal to the posterior one-third of the corpus callosum, from which it is separated by the callosal sulcus. It ends caudally at the splenium of the corpus callosum where it becomes continuous with the isthmus of the cingulate gyrus. In the depth of the callosal sulcus the supracallosal gyrus partially intervenes between it and the corpus callosum. Dorsally it is separated from the postcentral gyrus rostrally by the cingulate sulcus and separated from the cuneus of the parietal lobe caudally by the splenial sulcus. Architectonically it corresponds approximately to the combination of area 23, of the posterior cingulate cortex, and the retrosplenial cortex ( Vogt-2012 ).\r\nIn the macaque it is similar to that of the human except that it occupies the posterior half the area dorsal to the corpus callosum ( Martin-2000 ), and the complexity of sulcal patterns is less ( Vogt-1987; Vogt-1995 ). \r\nEquivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior cingulate gyrus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"250"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"posterior cingulate gyrus","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"250"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"posterior cingulate","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"1621"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Gyrus limbicus posterior","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus cinguli posterior","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cingulate gyrus","parentNeuroNamesId":"159","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=159","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"cingulate gyrus","parentNeuroNamesId":"159","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=159","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"cingulate gyrus","parentNeuroNamesId":"159","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=159","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"cingulate gyrus","parentNeuroNamesId":"159","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=159","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"163","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"145","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"isthmus of the cingulate gyrus","standardAcronym":"ICgG","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=163","cDefinition":"refers to one of three components of the cingulate gyrus in the human and the macaque. The others are the anterior cingulate gyrus and the posterior cingulate gyrus ( Carpenter-1983 ). Identified by dissection it is a small convolution on the mesial aspect of the cerebral hemisphere. \r\nIn curving around the splenium of the corpus callosum it connects the posterior cingulate gyrus dorsally with the parahippocampal gyrus ventrally. In some cases it is partially separated from the parahippocampal gyrus by the anterior calcarine sulcus, which also separates it from the lingual gyrus caudally ( Duvernoy-1992 ).\r\nIts location in the macaque is similar except that its caudal boundary is with the cuneus and is less well defined ( Martin-2000 ). Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"istmus","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"isthmus of the cingulate gyrus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"isthmus of cingulate gyrus","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"isthmus of fornicate gyrus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"isthmus of limbic lobe","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"isthmus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"3537"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Isthmus gyri cinguli","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Isthmus gyri cingulatus","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Isthmus cinguli","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Isthmus-2","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"10"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Isthmus of Gyrus fornicatus","synonymSource":"Ranson-1959","synonymSourceTitle":"The Anatomy Of The Nervous System: Its Development And Function","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"isthme","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"istmo del giro del cingolo","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"перешеек поясной извилины","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"istmo de la circunvolución del cuerpo calloso","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cingulate gyrus","parentNeuroNamesId":"159","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=159","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"cingulate gyrus","parentNeuroNamesId":"159","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=159","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"cingulate gyrus","parentNeuroNamesId":"159","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=159","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"cingulate gyrus","parentNeuroNamesId":"159","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=159","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"164","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"146","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","standardName":"parahippocampal gyrus","standardAcronym":"PHG","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=164","cDefinition":"refers to one of four components of the limbic lobe of the cerebral cortex. The others are the cingulate gyrus, the archicortex, and the subcallosal gyrus. Identified by dissection, it is a prominent convolution on the mesial aspect of the cerebral hemisphere. It is separated from the fusiform gyrus of the temporal lobe laterally by the collateral sulcus and from the inferior temporal gyrus rostrally by the rhinal sulcus. It is composed of four substructures. From caudal to rostral they are the posterior parahippocampal gyrus, the entorhinal area, the presubiculum and the piriform area ( Carpenter-1983 ).\r\nIts structure is similar in the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"girus parahippokampal","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"parahippocampal gyrus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"1420"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"parahippocampal gyrus","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"1420"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"hippocampal gyrus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"56"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"hippocampal gyrus","synonymSource":"Krieg-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Interpretive Atlas Of The Monkey's Brain","pubMedHits":"56"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus parahippocampalis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"5"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca nemestrina","synonymName":"Gyrus parahippocampalis","synonymSource":"Winters-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Brain Atlas For Macaca nemestrina","pubMedHits":"5"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus hippocampi","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus parahippocampi","synonymSource":"Talairach-1988","synonymSourceTitle":"Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"gyrus parahippocampal","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"giro paraippocampale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"извилина гиппокампа","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"парагиппокампальная извилина","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"circunvolución del parahipocampo","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"circunvolución del hipocampo","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"limbic lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"834","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=834","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"limbic lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"834","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=834","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"limbic lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"834","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=834","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"limbic 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subcallosa","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"archicortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"170","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=170","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"archicortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"170","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=170","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"archicortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"170","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=170","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"archicortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"170","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=170","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"archicortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"170","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=170","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"172","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"154","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","standardName":"supracallosal gyrus","standardAcronym":"SCG","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=172","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure that, in the human, extends along the dorsal surface of the corpus callosum from the dentate gyrus and fasciola cinerea caudally to the paraterminal gyrus rostrally. It consists of three longitudinal structures: the medial longitudinal stria, the indusium griseum and the lateral longitudinal stria ( Riley-1943 ). In the macaque ( Martin-2000 ) it is similarly located. It is not present in the rat or mouse. In those species the indusium griseum is embedded in cingulate cortex ( Swanson-2004; Hof-2000 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"supracallosal gyrus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"supracallosal gyrus","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"supracommissural hippocampus","synonymSource":"Zilles-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Cortex","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"supracommissural hippocampal rudiment","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"marmoset","synonymName":"Hippocampus supracommissuralis","synonymSource":"Stephan-1980","synonymSourceTitle":"The Brain Of The Common Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus): A Stereotaxic Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus supracallosus","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Hippocampus supracommissuralis","synonymSource":"Stephan-1976","synonymSourceTitle":"Vergleichende Anatomie des Allocortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"giro sopracalloso","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"archicortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"170","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=170","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"archicortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"170","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=170","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"archicortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"170","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=170","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"archicortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"170","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=170","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"archicortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"170","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=170","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"173","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"155","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"indusium griseum","standardAcronym":"IG","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=173","cDefinition":"refers to the cellular component of the supracallosal gyrus in the human. It is a thin layer of neuronal cells adherent to the outer surface of the corpus callosum and is identifiable by dissection as extending from the fasciola cinerea caudally, over the body of the corpus callosum, and around the genu of the corpus callosum and the rostrum of the corpus callosum to the paraterminal gyrus rostrally. It is one of three parts of the supracallosal gyrus; the others are the medial longitudinal stria and the lateral longitudinal stria ( Carpenter-1983; Riley-1943 ).\r\nIn the macaque ( Paxinos-2000 ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ), the indusium griseum is identified by histology with stains for Nissl substance, and the longitudinal striae are not usually identified in macaque and rodent brain atlases. Thus, in those species the indusium griseum is the histological equivalent of the human supracallosal gyrus. In the rat and mouse the indusium griseum is a cell group embedded in the cerebral cortex at its junction with the corpus callosum. 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It is located in the callosal sulcus. Identified on the basis of topology and myelin stain, it extends from the dentate gyrus caudally to the paraterminal gyrus rostrally. The other bundIe is the medial longitudinal stria. They together with the indusium griseum constitute the supracallosal gyrus. ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"stria longitudinal lateral","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral longitudinal stria","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral white stria of Lancisi","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Stria longitudinalis lateralis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Stria longitudinalis externa","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Taenia tecta","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"32"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Stria tecta","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Taenia obtecta","synonymSource":"Stephan-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Allocortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"strie longitudinale latéral","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"stria longitudinale laterale (di Lancisi)","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"латеральная продольная полоска","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"éstria longitudinal de Lancissi","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"supracallosal gyrus","parentNeuroNamesId":"172","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=172","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"supracallosal gyrus","parentNeuroNamesId":"172","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=172","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"supracallosal gyrus","parentNeuroNamesId":"172","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=172","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"175","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"157","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"White Primary Structure","standardName":"medial longitudinal stria","standardAcronym":"mls","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=175","cDefinition":"refers to the more medial of two thin bundles of myelinated fibers oriented longitudinally near the midline on the dorsal surface of the corpus callosum in the human ( Riley-1943 ). Identified on the basis of topology and myelin stain, it extends from the fasciolar gyrus caudally to the paraterminal gyrus rostrally. The more lateral bundIe is the lateral longitudinal stria. The two together with the indusium griseum constitute the supracallosal gyrus. ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"stria longitudinal medial","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial longitudinal stria","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial longitudinal stria of Lancisi","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial white stria of Lancisi","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial stripe of Lancisi","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Stria longitudinalis medialis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Stria longitudinalis interna","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Taenia libra","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Taenia libera Lancisi","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Stria Lancisii","synonymSource":"Stephan-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Allocortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nervus Lancisii","synonymSource":"Stephan-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Allocortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"strie longitudinale médiale","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"stria longitudinale mediale (di Lancisi)","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"медиальная продольная полоска","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"supracallosal gyrus","parentNeuroNamesId":"172","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=172","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"supracallosal gyrus","parentNeuroNamesId":"172","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=172","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"supracallosal gyrus","parentNeuroNamesId":"172","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=172","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"176","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"158","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"fasciola cinerea","standardAcronym":"FG","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=176","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"gyrus fasciolaris","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"girus fasiolar","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"fasciola cinereum","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"5"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"fasciola cinerea (Reil, Arnold)","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"fasciolar gyrus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"fasciolar gyrus","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"retrosplenial gyrus of hippocampus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"fasciola cinerea","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus fasciolaris","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus retrosplenialis hippocampi","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciola cinerea","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Fasciola cinerea","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"fasciola cinerea","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"giro fasciolare","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"ленточная извилина","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"пучковая извилина","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"circunvolución fasciolada","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"archicortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"170","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=170","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"archicortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"170","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=170","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"archicortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"170","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=170","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"archicortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"170","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=170","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"archicortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"170","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=170","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"hippocampal region (Brodmann)","parentNeuroNamesId":"2437","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2437","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"hippocampal region","parentNeuroNamesId":"3189","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3189","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"177","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"159","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","standardName":"hippocampal formation","standardAcronym":"HiF","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=177","cDefinition":"refers classically to the combination of gray and white matter components that make up a seahorse-shaped structure revealed by dissection on the floor of the lateral ventricle in the human ( Shaw-1997 ) and the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). ('Hippocampus' in Latin means 'seahorse' in English.) Part of the cerebral cortex, the hippocampal formation is an infolding of archicortex of the ventral part of the limbic lobe into the lateral ventricle. It consists of three predominantly gray matter structures: the dentate gyrus, CA fields, and subiculum, and two predominantly white matter structures: the alveus and fimbria ( Carpenter-1983 ). \r\nIn primates it is a relatively flat structure the rostral end of which abuts the amygdala and curves medially to form the uncus. In rodents, where it constitutes a much greater portion of the cerebral cortex it curves up caudally into a C-shaped structure. With increasing knowledge of the region the term has come to be used for a broader set of predominantly gray structures in adjacent cortex. See hippocampal formation (Insausti) and hippocampal formation (functional).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"formasi hippokampus","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"hippocampal formation","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"4092"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"hippocampal formation","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"4092"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"seahorse","synonymSource":"Shaw-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuropathology of the limbic system","pubMedHits":"52"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"hippocampus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"79197"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial temporal lobe","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Formatio hippocampi","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Hippocampusformation","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"formazione dell'ippocampo","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"formación del hipocampo","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"archicortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"170","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=170","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"archicortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"170","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=170","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"archicortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"170","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=170","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"archicortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"170","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=170","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"archicortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"170","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=170","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"178","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"160","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"fimbriodentate fissure","standardAcronym":"fdf","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=178","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"fimbriodentate fissure","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"fimbriodentate fissure","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"fimbriodentate sulcus","synonymSource":"Amaral-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Hippocampal Formation","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fissura fimbrio-dentata","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus fimbrio-dentatus","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Fissura fimbriodentata","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"hippocampal formation","parentNeuroNamesId":"177","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=177","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"hippocampal formation","parentNeuroNamesId":"177","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=177","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"179","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"161","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","standardName":"dentate gyrus","standardAcronym":"DG","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=179","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"girus dentatus","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dentate gyrus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"10387"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"dentate gyrus","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"10387"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"dentate gyrus","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"10387"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"area dentata","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"81"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"dentate gyrus (Tarin)","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus dentatus","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"71"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca nemestrina","synonymName":"Gyrus dentatus","synonymSource":"Winters-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Brain Atlas For Macaca nemestrina","pubMedHits":"71"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fascia dentata (Crosby)","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fuscata","synonymName":"Fascia dentata (Crosby)","synonymSource":"Kusama-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Brain of Macaca fuscata","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Fascia dentata hippocampi (Shantha)","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"gyrus dentatus","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"giro dentato","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"извилина Хукслея","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"зубчатая извилина","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"circunvolución dentada","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"hippocampal formation","parentNeuroNamesId":"177","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=177","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"hippocampal formation","parentNeuroNamesId":"177","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=177","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"hippocampal formation","parentNeuroNamesId":"177","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=177","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"hippocampal formation","parentNeuroNamesId":"177","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=177","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"hippocampal formation","parentNeuroNamesId":"177","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=177","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"hippocampal region (Brodmann)","parentNeuroNamesId":"2437","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2437","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"hippocampal region","parentNeuroNamesId":"3189","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3189","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"180","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"162","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"fascia dentata","standardAcronym":"FD","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=180","cDefinition":"refers to the superficial layers of the dentate gyrus as shown by Nissl stain. From external to internal they are the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus and the granular layer of the dentate gyrus ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"fascia dentata","synonymSource":"Amaral-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Hippocampal Formation","pubMedHits":"382"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"fascia dentata","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"382"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fascia dentata","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"382"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"dentate gyrus","parentNeuroNamesId":"179","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=179","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"dentate gyrus","parentNeuroNamesId":"179","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=179","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"dentate gyrus","parentNeuroNamesId":"179","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=179","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"181","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"163","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"hilus of the dentate gyrus","standardAcronym":"HDG","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=181","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"hilus of the dentate gyrus","synonymSource":"Amaral-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Hippocampal Formation","pubMedHits":"902"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"field CA4 of hippocampal formation","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"790"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Region IV of hippocampus proper","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Region CA4","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"6"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Hilus gyri dentati","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"CA4 champ de la corne d'ammon","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"dentate gyrus","parentNeuroNamesId":"179","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=179","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"dentate gyrus","parentNeuroNamesId":"179","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=179","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"dentate gyrus","parentNeuroNamesId":"179","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=179","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"dentate gyrus","parentNeuroNamesId":"179","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=179","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"182","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"164","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","standardName":"CA fields","standardAcronym":"CAs","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=182","cDefinition":"refers to a substructure of the hippocampal formation defined on the basis of internal structure in the human, macaque, rat and mouse. It is composed of three fields, CA1 field, CA2 field and CA3 field. The CA stands for Cornu ammonis, one of three common names for the CA fields. Other common names for the CA fields are Ammon's horn and, simply, hippocampus. 'Hippocampus' is ambiguous, because it is also very widely used as a synonym for hippocampal formation and for archicortex.\r\nArchitectonically, the CA fields are part of the archicortex ( Stephan-1976 ). The original description of the CA fields by Lorente de No ( No-1934 ) included a CA4 field, which subsequent investigators have tended to identify more with the hilus of the dentate gyrus than with the other CA fields. The hilus differs from CA fields 1-3 in terms of internal structure, connectivity and location in the dentate gyrus.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"hippokampus","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"hippocampus","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"45933"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"hippocampus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"79197"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Hippocampus","synonymSource":"Szabo-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"A stereotaxic atlas of the brain of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)","pubMedHits":"79197"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Ammon's horn","synonymSource":"Szikla-1977","synonymSourceTitle":"Angiography Of The Human Brain Cortex: Atlas of Vascular Patterns and Stereotactic Cortical Localization","pubMedHits":"653"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Ammon's horn","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"653"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"hippocampus major","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"hippocampus proper","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"273"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"ammon horn","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"9"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"CA fields","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"4853"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Hippocampus","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"79197"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Cornu ammonis","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"308"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Hippocampus proprius","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Hippokampus","synonymSource":"Schultze-1993","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomisches Wörterbuch","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Seepferdchen","synonymSource":"Schultze-1993","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomisches Wörterbuch","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"corne d'ammon","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"нога морского коня","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"аммонов рог","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"гиппокамп","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"hippocampal formation","parentNeuroNamesId":"177","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=177","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"hippocampal formation","parentNeuroNamesId":"177","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=177","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"hippocampal formation","parentNeuroNamesId":"177","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=177","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque 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Anatomica","pubMedHits":"27"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Corpus callosum, forceps minor","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Forceps minor corporis callosi","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Forceps minor of corpus callosum","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"vordere Balkenzwinge","synonymSource":"Schultze-1993","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomisches Wörterbuch","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"forcipi anteriore del corpo calloso","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"fórceps anterior del cuerpo calloso","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"corpus callosum","parentNeuroNamesId":"191","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=191","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"corpus callosum","parentNeuroNamesId":"191","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=191","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"corpus callosum","parentNeuroNamesId":"191","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=191","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"corpus callosum","parentNeuroNamesId":"191","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=191","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"193","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"175","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"White Primary Structure","standardName":"rostrum of the corpus callosum","standardAcronym":"rcc","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=193","cDefinition":"refers to the portion of the corpus callosum that extends ventrocaudally from the genu of the corpus callosum. It is found in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ), macaque ( Martin-2000 ), and rat ( Swanson-2004 ). It is not found in atlases of the mouse brain ( Hof-2000; Franklin-2008 ). It is Region 1 of seven parts defined in a common parcellation scheme for the corpus callosum in the primate. See corpus callosum (Witelson).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"rostrum korpus kalosum","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"rostrum of the corpus callosum","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"rostrum of corpus callosum","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"corpus callosum, rostrum","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"rostrum","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"220"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Region 1","synonymSource":"Witelson-1989","synonymSourceTitle":"Hand and sex differences in the isthmus and genu of the human corpus callosum. 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It is bounded caudally by the body of the corpus callosum, and, in all but the mouse, ventrocaudally by the rostrum of the corpus callosum. It is Region 2 of seven parts defined in a common parcellation scheme for the corpus callosum. See corpus callosum (Witelson).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"genu","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"corpus callosum, genu","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"genu of the corpus callosum","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"genu of corpus callosum","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"26"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"genu of corpus callosum","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"26"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"genu of corpus callosum","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"26"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"rostrum of corpus callosum (Mai)","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"genu","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"1252"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Region 2","synonymSource":"Witelson-1989","synonymSourceTitle":"Hand and sex differences in the isthmus and genu of the human corpus callosum. 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It is found in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ), the macaque ( Martin-2000 ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). 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Classically the group included the striatum, the globus pallidus, the claustrum, the endopiriform claustrum, the amygdala and intervening tracts and laminae ( Nomina-1983 ). \r\nMost authors now use the term in reference to the basal ganglia circuit. Some earlier authors used it in referring to subsets of the classical group ( see: basal ganglia of Carpenter, basal ganglia of Crosby, and basal ganglia of Martin ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"ganglion basal","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"basal ganglia","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"19208"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"basal ganglia (anatomic)","synonymSource":"Parent-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Carpenter's Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"basal nuclei","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"308"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"corpus striatum (Savel'ev)","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Ganglia basales","synonymSource":"Nomina-1989","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nuclei basales","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Stammganglien","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"gangli della base","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"базальные ядра","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"базальные узлы","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"подкорковые ядра","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"полосатое тело","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"ganglios basales","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"endbrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"endbrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"endbrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"endbrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"endbrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"endbrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"225","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"207","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","standardName":"striatum","standardAcronym":"Str","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=225","cDefinition":"refers to the largest of five predominantly cellular components of the basal ganglia ( Nomina-1983 ). In the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( Martin-1997 ) it has two parts, the caudate nucleus and the putamen. The caudate nucleus encircles the putamen, separated from it by the internal capsule. \r\nThe caudate nucleus and the putamen are not distinguishable in the rat and mouse. There the myelinated fibers that penetrate the striatum to connect the cerebral cortex and subcortical structures do not form an internal capsule but are distributed throughout the striatum. Thus, in the rodent the striatum is commonly called 'caudoputamen' ( Swanson-2004 ). \r\nIn the striatopallidal system, the classical striatum, or caudoputamen, is the largest part of the dorsal striatum ( Heimer-1995 ). See also: extended striatum. Functionally it is part of the cerebral nuclei ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"striat","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"neostriatum","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"neostriat","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"striatum","synonymSource":"Parent-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Carpenter's Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"36836"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"striatum","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"36836"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"neostriatum","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"5555"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"caudate putamen","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"3575"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"caudoputamen","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"257"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"caudate-putamen","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"3575"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"dorsal striatum","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"1242"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"striate nucleus","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"10"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Corpus striatum (Zilles)","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Streifenkörper","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Basalganglien (im engeren Sinne)","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"striato","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"1411"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"neostriato","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"basal ganglia","parentNeuroNamesId":"224","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=224","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"basal ganglia","parentNeuroNamesId":"224","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=224","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"basal ganglia","parentNeuroNamesId":"224","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=224","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"basal ganglia","parentNeuroNamesId":"224","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=224","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"basal ganglia","parentNeuroNamesId":"224","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=224","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"basal ganglia","parentNeuroNamesId":"224","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=224","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"extended striatum","parentNeuroNamesId":"2674","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2674","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - 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Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"complejo amigdalino","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"basal ganglia","parentNeuroNamesId":"224","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=224","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"basal ganglia","parentNeuroNamesId":"224","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=224","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"basal ganglia","parentNeuroNamesId":"224","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=224","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"basal ganglia","parentNeuroNamesId":"224","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=224","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"basal ganglia","parentNeuroNamesId":"224","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=224","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"basal ganglia","parentNeuroNamesId":"224","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=224","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"238","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"220","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","standardName":"corticomedial nuclear group","standardAcronym":"CMA","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=238","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"badan amigdaloid kortikomedial","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"corticomedial nuclear group","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"corticomedial nuclear group","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"corticomedial amygdala","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Pars corticomedialis (Corpus amygdaloideum)","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Corpus amygdaloideum pars corticomedialis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Corpus amygdaloideum pars olfactoria","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"gruppo nucleare corticomediale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"gruppo corticomediale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"обонятельная часть","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"корково-медиальная часть","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"grupo nuclear corticomedial","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"amygdala","parentNeuroNamesId":"237","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=237","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"amygdala","parentNeuroNamesId":"237","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=237","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"amygdala","parentNeuroNamesId":"237","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=237","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"amygdala","parentNeuroNamesId":"237","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=237","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"amygdala","parentNeuroNamesId":"237","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=237","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"amygdala","parentNeuroNamesId":"237","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=237","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"239","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"221","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"anterior amygdalar area","standardAcronym":"AA","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=239","cDefinition":"refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined part of the rostral amygdala. In the human ( Mai-1997 ) and the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ) it is located dorsomedially; it is bounded medially by the entorhinal sulcus and laterally by the part of the ventral claustrum known as the endopiriform claustrum. Proceeding caudally its upper (in human) or lateral (in macaque) boundary is formed by the central amygdalar nucleus. Its ventral boundary is formed by the cortical amygdalar nucleus, the medial amygdalar nucleus and the accessory basal nucleus.\r\nIn the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ) it is bounded by the same structures except that part of its rostromedial boundary is with the basal nucleus and part of the lower boundary is with the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract. Some authors regard the part of the area that meets the brain surface in the rat and mouse as belonging to the medial amygdalar nucleus ( Swanson-2004; Hof-2000 ).\r\nClassically the anterior amygdalar area has been classified as part of the corticomedial nuclear group of the amygdala (Click 'Locus in Brain Hierarchy' below; Carpenter-1983 ). In the Functional CNS Model - Rat it is part of the extended striatum ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior amygdaloid area","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"55"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"anterior amygdaloid area","synonymSource":"Amaral-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomical organization of the primate amygdaloid complex","pubMedHits":"55"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"anterior amygdaloid area","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"55"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"anterior amygdalar area","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area amygdaloidea anterior","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fuscata","synonymName":"Area amygdaloidea anterior","synonymSource":"Kusama-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Brain of Macaca fuscata","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Area anterior amygdalae","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area amydaliformis anterior","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"area amigdaloidea anteriore","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"переднее миндалевидное поле","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"área amigdalina anterior","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"corticomedial nuclear group","parentNeuroNamesId":"238","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=238","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"corticomedial nuclear group","parentNeuroNamesId":"238","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=238","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"corticomedial nuclear group","parentNeuroNamesId":"238","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=238","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"corticomedial nuclear group","parentNeuroNamesId":"238","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=238","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"corticomedial nuclear group","parentNeuroNamesId":"238","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=238","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"corticomedial nuclear group","parentNeuroNamesId":"238","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=238","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"extended striatum","parentNeuroNamesId":"2674","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2674","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"240","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"222","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"cortical amygdalar nucleus","standardAcronym":"CoA","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=240","cDefinition":"refers to the greater part of the amygdala facing the medial surface of the temporal lobe in primates and the ventromedial surface of the cerebral hemisphere in rodents. Defined on the basis of multiple criteria, it is subdivided variously by different authors. Most,divide it into an anterior cortical amygdalar nucleus and a posterior cortical amygdalar nucleus. In the human and the macaque its cortical surface is referred to as the periamygdalar area ( Carpenter-1983 ), and some authors refer the the cortical nucleus itself as periamygdalar cortex ( Amaral-1992; Olmos-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"korteks periamigdaloid","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cortical amygdaloid nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"53"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"cortical amygdaloid nucleus","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"53"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"cortical amygdalar nucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"periamygdaloid cortex","synonymSource":"Willis-1981","synonymSourceTitle":"Medical Neurobiology: Neuroanatomical and Neurophysiological Principles Basic to Clinical Neuroscience","pubMedHits":"69"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"periamygdaloid cortex","synonymSource":"Amaral-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomical organization of the primate amygdaloid complex","pubMedHits":"69"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"para-amygdaloid cortex","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventral cortical nucleus","synonymSource":"Olmos-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Amygdala","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"cortical amygdalar area","synonymSource":"Dong-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Somatosensory, multisensory, and task-related neurons in cortical area 7b (PF) of unanesthetized monkeys","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventral cortical amygdaloid nucleus","synonymSource":"Olmos-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Amygdala","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus amygdalae corticalis","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Nucleus corticalis amygdalae","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Cortex periamygdaloideus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"periamygdaläre Rinde","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"noyau cortical","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo corticale amigdaloideo","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"núcleo amigdalino cortical","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"corticomedial nuclear group","parentNeuroNamesId":"238","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=238","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"corticomedial nuclear group","parentNeuroNamesId":"238","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=238","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"corticomedial nuclear group","parentNeuroNamesId":"238","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=238","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"corticomedial nuclear group","parentNeuroNamesId":"238","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=238","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"corticomedial nuclear group","parentNeuroNamesId":"238","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=238","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"corticomedial nuclear group","parentNeuroNamesId":"238","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=238","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"olfactory areas (rodent)","parentNeuroNamesId":"2867","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2867","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"241","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"223","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"medial amygdalar nucleus","standardAcronym":"MeA","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=241","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure of the amygdala defined on the basis of Nissl stain. In the human ( Mai-1997 ) and the macaque ( Amaral-1992 ) it consists of two parts, the anterior part of the medial amygdalar nucleus and the posterior part of the medial amygdalar nucleus. \r\nIn the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ) it is subdivided into five parts: the anterodorsal part of the medial amygdalar nucleus, the anteroventral part of the medial amygdalar nucleus, the posterodorsal part of the medial amygdalar nucleus, the posteroventral part of the medial amygdalar nucleus and the nucleus of the accessory olfactory tract.\r\nClassically the medial amygdalar nucleus is categorized as part of the corticomedial nuclear group ( Carpenter-1983 ). In the functional nervous system it is classified as part of the extended striatum ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial amygdaloid nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"218"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"medial amygdaloid nucleus","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"218"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"medial amygdaloid nucleus","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"218"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"medial nucleus of amygdala","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"13"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"medial amygdalar nucleus","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"6"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus amygdalae medialis","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Nucleus medialis amygdalae","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus amygdaloideus medialis","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fuscata","synonymName":"Nucleus amygdaloideus medialis","synonymSource":"Kusama-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Brain of Macaca fuscata","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"noyau médial","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo mediale amigdaloideo","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"núcleo amigdalino medial","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"corticomedial nuclear group","parentNeuroNamesId":"238","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=238","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"corticomedial nuclear group","parentNeuroNamesId":"238","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=238","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"corticomedial nuclear group","parentNeuroNamesId":"238","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=238","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"corticomedial nuclear group","parentNeuroNamesId":"238","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=238","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"corticomedial nuclear group","parentNeuroNamesId":"238","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=238","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"corticomedial nuclear group","parentNeuroNamesId":"238","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=238","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"extended striatum","parentNeuroNamesId":"2674","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2674","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"242","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"224","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract","standardAcronym":"LOT","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=242","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract (Ganser)","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"nucleus of lateral olfactory tract","synonymSource":"Amaral-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomical organization of the primate amygdaloid complex","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"nucleus of lateral olfactory tract","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus striae olfactoriae lateralis","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fuscata","synonymName":"Nucleus of tractus olfactorius lateralis","synonymSource":"Kusama-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Brain of Macaca fuscata","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo del tratto olfattivo laterale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"núcleo de la 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cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo amigdaloideo basale accessorio","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"núcleo amigdalino basal accesorio","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"basolateral nuclear group","parentNeuroNamesId":"244","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=244","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"basolateral nuclear group","parentNeuroNamesId":"244","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=244","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by 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Vocabularies","pubMedHits":"8"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"intercalated amygdalar nuclei","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus amygdalae intercalatus","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Nucleus intercalatus amygdalae","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Massa intercalata","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous 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claustrum","standardAcronym":"En","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=251","cDefinition":"refers to one of five parts of the classical basal ganglia. The others are the striatum, globus pallidus, amygdala and claustrum. It is a collection of cells located between the claustrum on the one hand and the piriform area and amygdala on the other. It relates in structure and topology to the overlying piriform area as the claustrum relates to the cortical area, particularly the insular cortex, which overlies it. The endopiriform claustrum is found in the human ( Yilmazer-Hanke-2012 ), the macaque ( Price-1990 ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ), and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). \r\nIn rodents and the macaque it has two subdivisions: the dorsal endopiriform claustrum and the ventral endopiriform claustrum. In rodents both are located between the piriform area ventrolaterally and the external capsule medially; the location of the dorsal endopiriform claustrum is clearly superior to the ventral endopiriform claustrum. The temporal lobe of the macaque, which corresponds to the ventrolateral area of the rodent, is a much expanded, medially rotated structure. Thus, in the macaque the location of the ventral part of the endopiriform claustrum is medial and superior to the dorsal part ( Paxinos-2009a ). In the human the endopiriform claustrum is not divided into dorsal and ventral parts ( Yilmazer-Hanke-2012 ). Some anatomists divide it into several components: including ventral, prepiriform, diffuse, temporal, limitans, preamygdalar, and ventral parts ( Mai-2004 ).\r\nThe endopiriform claustrum of rodents is known as the endopiriform nucleus, which emphasizes its relation to the overlying piriform area ( Swanson-2004 ). Classically in primates it was known by a variety of names that emphasized its location between the claustrum and the amygdala; 'claustral-amygdalar area' for example ( Crosby-1962 ). Functionally it belongs to the cortical subplate nuclei ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"claustral amygdaloid area","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-1995","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventral claustrum","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"11"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventral portion of claustrum","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"claustrum diffusa","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"claustrum parvum","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous 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The primate structure probably has a topological equivalent in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ), which has been variously known as the magnocellular preoptic nucleus, the nucleus of the horizontal limb of the diagonal band, and the magnocellular nucleus of the pallidum ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"basal nucleus","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"825"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"basal nucleus","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"825"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"basal nucleus of Meynert","synonymSource":"Szabo-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"A stereotaxic atlas of the brain of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca 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The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"166"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Colliculus nuclei caudati","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleus accumbens septi","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo accumbens del setto","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"прилежащее ядро","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"endbrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"endbrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"endbrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"endbrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"endbrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"endbrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"extended striatum","parentNeuroNamesId":"2674","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2674","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"278","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"260","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"subcallosal gyrus","standardAcronym":"SCG","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=278","cDefinition":"refers to a part of the limbic lobe of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of topology in the human. It is located rostral to the narrow paraterminal gyrus, ventral to the anterior cingulate gyrus and caudal to the superior frontal gyrus and straight gyrus. The nomenclature for this cortical region of the human is unusually confused ( Anthoney-1994 ). In accord with the principle of naming cortical volumetric structures defined by dissection as gyri, lobules etc. and those defined by internal structure as areas, regions etc., NeuroNames adheres to the definition of Broca as cited in Carpenter-1983.\r\nIt is found in the macaque ( Vogt-1987 ), but not the rat or mouse, which do not have sulcal landmarks. The rat has a genu of the corpus callosum, but the area below it is occupied by the indusium griseum, a component of archicortex, not of cingulate cortex ( Swanson-2004 ). The mouse has no cortical area ventral to the genu ( Hof-2000 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"area parolfactoria","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"badan parolfaktor","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"subcallosal area","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"15"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"subcallosal area","synonymSource":"Ono-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci","pubMedHits":"15"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"parolfactory area","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"adolfactory area","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Zuckerkandl's gyrus","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"subcallosal gyrus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area subcallosa","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area parolfactoria","synonymSource":"Stephan-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Allocortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"Carrefour","synonymSource":"Stephan-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Allocortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"Carrefour olfactif","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"Carrefour","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"gyrus subcalleux","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"area subcallosa","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"area paraolfattiva","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"околообонятельное поле","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"околообонятельная область","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"подмозолистое поле","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"área subcallosa","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"área paraolfatoria de Broca","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"limbic lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"834","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=834","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"limbic lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"834","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=834","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"limbic lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"834","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=834","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"limbic lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"834","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=834","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"279","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"261","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"olfactory bulb","standardAcronym":"Olf","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=279","cDefinition":"refers, in the human and macaque, to a small oval white structure located in the cleft between the ventral surface of the frontal lobe and the floor of the cranial cavity ( Carpenter-1983 ). In the rat and mouse it is a much larger structure in comparison to rest of the brain; there it occupies almost a quarter of the length of the cranial cavity ( Swanson-2004 ). Though classically considered a separate structure from the cerebral cortex in primates ( Nomina-1983 ), it is classified on the basis of internal structure as a component of paleocortex in all species ( Stephan-1975 ). In all species it is connected rostrally with the olfactory nerve. Caudally in primates it connects with the olfactory peduncle; in rodents it connects through the olfactory tract directly to the olfactory tubercle and olfactory areas (rodent) of the cerebral cortex ( Swanson-2004 ). It is a layered structure that contains cell bodies of the second neurons in the olfactory system. It is a key structure in the system that mediates the sense of smell.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"benjol penghidu","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"bulbus penghidu","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"bulbus olfactorius","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"olfactory bulb","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"8782"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"olfactory bulb","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"8782"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"olfactory lobe (Barr & Kiernan)","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"main olfactory bulb","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"503"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"main olfactory bulb","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"503"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Bulbus olfactorius","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"41"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Bulbus olfactorius","synonymSource":"Bonin-1947","synonymSourceTitle":"The Neocortex of Macaca Mulatta","pubMedHits":"41"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"bulbus olfactorius (Morgagni)","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Mozga Cheloveka (Atlas of the Human Brain)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"bulbe olfactif","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"bulbo olfattivo","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"обонятельная луковица","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"морганиев узел","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Mozga Cheloveka (Atlas of the Human Brain)","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"bulbo olfatorio","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"endbrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"endbrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"endbrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"endbrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"endbrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"paleocortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"2336","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2336","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"olfactory areas (rodent)","parentNeuroNamesId":"2867","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2867","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"280","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"262","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"anterior olfactory nucleus","standardAcronym":"AO","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=280","cDefinition":"refers to the most rostral group of nerve cells that receive input from the olfactory bulb. The cells are identified histologically by Nissl stain. In the human and the macaque they form small groups scattered within the olfactory tract from the olfactory bulb through the olfactory peduncle to a much larger group on the dorsal surface of the tract on the underside of the orbital gyri. It is composed of several subgroups, which are defined by topology. \r\nSince the overall structure of the nucleus differs by species, the subgroups vary considerably. The human has only bulbar, medial, and lateral subdivisions ( Price-2004 ). The macaque has, in addition, external and dorsal subdivisions ( Price-2004 ). The rat has medial, lateral, dorsal, external and posteroventral parts ( Swanson-2004 ). And the mouse has the same as the rat except for a ventral part and no posteroventral part ( Hof-2000 ). The nucleus is part of the olfactory system, which mediates the sense of smell.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nukleus olfaktori anterior","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior olfactory nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"342"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"anterior olfactory nucleus","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"342"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"anterior olfactory nucleus","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"342"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"retrobulbar region","synonymSource":"Zilles-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Cortex","pubMedHits":"20"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"anterior olfactory nucleus","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"342"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus olfactorius anterior","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"14"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Regio retrobulbaris","synonymSource":"Zilles-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Cortex","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Cercocebus torquatus","synonymName":"Regio retrobulbaris","synonymSource":"Stephan-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"The allocortex in primates","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area retrobulbaris","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"olfaktorisches Gebiet","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo olfattivo anteriore","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"endbrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"endbrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"endbrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"endbrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"endbrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"paleocortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"2336","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2336","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"olfactory areas (rodent)","parentNeuroNamesId":"2867","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2867","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"281","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"263","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"medial olfactory gyrus","standardAcronym":"MOG","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=281","cDefinition":"refers to the slight ridge on the ventral surface of the subcallosal gyrus formed by the root of the olfactory peduncle ( Morris-1907 ). It expands into and is continuous with the termination of the cingulate gyrus ( Riley-1943 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial olfactory gyrus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus medius olfactorius","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"gyrus olfactorius medialis","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Mozga Cheloveka (Atlas of the Human Brain)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"giro olfattivo mediale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"медиальная обонятельная извилина","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"endbrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"endbrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"endbrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"282","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"264","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"olfactory tubercle","standardAcronym":"Tu","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=282","cDefinition":"refers to a predominantly cellular structure defined on the basis of Nissl stain. It is located on the ventral surface of the endbrain caudal to the anterior olfactory nucleus, medial to the olfactory tract, rostral to the piriform area and ventral to the nucleus accumbens and substantia innominata. It contains some of the islands of Calleja.\r\nIn the human it is so little developed as to be barely distinguishable from the overlying nucleus accumbens. In the macaque it is somewhat more prominent and bounded medially by the tenia tecta ( Price-2004 ). In primates it does not protrude from surrounding areas and is penetrated by numerous small blood vessels. These give it the appearance on dissection that accounts for the name 'anterior perforated substance' in human neuroanatomy ( Crosby-1962 ).\r\nThe location in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ) is the same as in the macaque. It protrudes on the rostroventral surface of the endbrain where it is more clearly stratified and much larger in proportion to the size of the brain than in primates. It is involved in the sense of smell. ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"subtansi perforata anterior","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"olfactory tubercle (Ganser)","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"olfactory area (Carpenter)","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1991","synonymSourceTitle":"Core Text of Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior perforated substance","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"25"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"anterior perforated substance","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"25"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior perforated space","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior perforated area","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"olfactory tubercle","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"1275"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"olfactory area (Mai)","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"rostral perforated substance","synonymSource":"Williams-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"The Human Brain: Dissections of the Real Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"olfactory tubercle","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"The Human Nervous System","pubMedHits":"1275"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"tuber olfactorium","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Substantia perforata anterior","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Substantia perforata anterior","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tuberculum 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Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"paleocortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"2336","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2336","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"extended striatum","parentNeuroNamesId":"2674","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2674","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"283","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"265","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"White Primary Structure","standardName":"olfactory peduncle","standardAcronym":"olf","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=283","cDefinition":"refers to a slender cylindrical structure that connects the olfactory bulb of primates anteriorly with the lateral olfactory tract and anterior olfactory nucleus on the ventral surface of the frontal lobe posteriorly. Defined on the basis of dissection it lies on the ventral surface of the orbital gyri in the olfactory sulcus between the straight gyrus medially and the medial orbital gyrus laterally ( Anthoney-1994 ). It contains parts of the olfactory tract and the anterior olfactory nucleus. It is found in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). It is not found in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) or mouse ( Hof-2000 ) where the olfactory bulb connects through the olfactory tract directly to the anterior olfactory nucleus, tenia tecta and piriform area of the rostral cerebral cortex. It is part of the olfactory system, which mediates the sensation of smell. Because the predominant component of the olfactory peduncle is the olfactory tract, it is often labeled 'olfactory tract' in illustrations. ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"traktus penghidu","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"traktus olfactorius","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"olfactory tract","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"637"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"olfactory tract","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"637"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"olfactory stalk","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"olfactory peduncle","synonymSource":"Price-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Olfaction","pubMedHits":"46"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus olfactorius","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"5"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Tractus olfactorius","synonymSource":"Olszewski-1952","synonymSourceTitle":"The Thalamus Of The Macaca mulatta: An Atlas For Use With The Stereotaxic Instrument","pubMedHits":"5"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Tractus olfactorium","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Pedunclulus olfactorius","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"tractus olfactif","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"tratto olfattivo","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"обонятельный тракт","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"cintilla olfatoria","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"endbrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"endbrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"endbrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"endbrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"endbrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"endbrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"284","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"266","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"White Primary Structure","standardName":"olfactory tract","standardAcronym":"lot","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=284","cDefinition":"refers a bundle of nerve fibers that connect the olfactory bulb with olfactory nuclei and the olfactory cortex of the ventral endbrain. It contains axons from the second neurons in the olfactory system, which are identified histologically by fiber and myelin stains. The tract originates on the lateral aspect of the olfactory bulb. In the human and the macaque it runs in the olfactory peduncle, in close relation to the anterior olfactory nucleus, onto the ventral posterior surface of the frontal lobe. There it passes lateral to the olfactory tubercle around the junction between the frontal and temporal lobes onto the anteromedial part of the temporal lobe, where it overlies the piriform area and the amygdala ( Price-2004 ). In the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ) it runs directly from the lateral aspect of the olfactory bulb to overlie the anterior olfactory nucleus and the piriform area lateral to the olfactory tubercle and thence to the cortical amygdalar nucleus. It is part of the olfactory system, which mediates the sensation of smell. Most authors continue to refer to the structure as the 'lateral olfactory tract', though the medial olfactory tract and the intermediate olfactory tract to which it was originally contrasted are no longer deemed to exist ( Price-1990 ) ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"stria olfaktori lateral","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral olfactory stria","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral olfactory tract","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"416"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"lateral olfactory tract, body","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"olfactory tract","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"637"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Stria olfactoria lateralis","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Stria olfactoria lateralis","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus olfactorius 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Broca","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"cintilla diagonal de Broca","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"endbrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"endbrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"endbrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"endbrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"endbrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"endbrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"precommissural fornix, general","parentNeuroNamesId":"3022","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3022","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"286","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"268","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"White Primary Structure","standardName":"stria terminalis","standardAcronym":"st","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=286","cDefinition":"refers to a predominantly white matter structure of the endbrain defined on the basis of myelin stains. It is the most prominent bundle of fibers that projects from the amydala, largely from the corticomedial nuclear group. It emerges from the amygdala caudally then, bounded medially by the lateral ventrical, it arches upward in a semicircular path following the ventricle and continues anteriorly in the junction of the caudate nucleus with the thalamus. As it reaches the major part of the nucleus of stria terminalis some fibers split into smaller bundles, which project ventrally to the medial preoptic area, the anterior hypothalamic area, and the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus ( Carpenter-1983 ). Other terminal areas include the nucleus accumbens, the olfactory tubercle and, perhaps, the midline nuclear group of the thalamus. Most prominent in the human is the hypothalamic component.The stria terminalis also carries some fibers from the hypothalamus to the amygdala ( Olmos-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"stria terminal","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"stria terminalis","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"1657"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"stria terminalis","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"2336"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"stria terminalis","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain 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group","parentNeuroNamesId":"325","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=325","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"lateral nuclear group","parentNeuroNamesId":"325","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=325","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"lateral nuclear group","parentNeuroNamesId":"325","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=325","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"lateral nuclear group","parentNeuroNamesId":"325","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=325","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate 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In the primate it is a topologically prominent component of the thalamus that is itself subdivided into four nuclei based on histology: the anterior pulvinar nucleus, lateral pulvinar nucleus, medial pulvinar nucleus and inferior pulvinar nucleus ( Nomina-1983 ). In the rodent the pulvinar is not distinguishable as a structure distinct from the lateral posterior nucleus ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nukleus posterior (P)","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"pulvinar","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"pulvinar talamus","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"98"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"pulvinar","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human 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thalamus","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"12"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Pulvinar","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"747"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nuclei pulvinares","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Pulvinar thalami","synonymSource":"Nieuwenhuys-1987","synonymSourceTitle":"Illustrations of the gross anatomy of the brain","pubMedHits":"14"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Nucleus pulvinaris thalami","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus pulvinaris","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human 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Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"подушка таламуса","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"подушка зрительного бугра","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"задние ядра таламуса","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"ядра подушки таламуса","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"pulvinar","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía 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The others are the medial pulvinar nucleus, the lateral pulvinar nucleus and the inferior pulvinar nucleus. It is not found in the rodent ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"oral pulvinar nucleus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"oral pulvinar nucleus","synonymSource":"Szabo-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"A stereotaxic atlas of the brain of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"oral nuclear group of pulvinar","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"oral portion of pulvinar","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"anterior pulvinar nucleus","synonymSource":"Jones-1985","synonymSourceTitle":"The Thalamus","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior pulvinar nucleus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"oral part of pulvinar","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus pulvinaris oralis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Nucleus pulvinaris oralis","synonymSource":"Olszewski-1952","synonymSourceTitle":"The Thalamus Of The Macaca mulatta: An Atlas For Use With The Stereotaxic Instrument","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Nucleus pulvinaris oralis thalami","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"pulvinar","parentNeuroNamesId":"328","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=328","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pulvinar","parentNeuroNamesId":"328","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=328","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"pulvinar","parentNeuroNamesId":"328","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=328","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pulvinar","parentNeuroNamesId":"328","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=328","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"330","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"313","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"lateral pulvinar nucleus","standardAcronym":"LPul","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=330","cDefinition":"refers to one of four subdivisions of the pulvinar defined on the basis of cyto-myeloarchitecture in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( Olszewski-1952 ). The others are the inferior pulvinar nucleus, the medial pulvinar nucleus and the anterior pulvinar nucleus. It is not found in the rodent ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nukleus pulvinar lateral","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral pulvinar nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"lateral pulvinar nucleus","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral pulvinar nucleus of thalamus","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus pulvinaris lateralis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Nucleus pulvinaris lateralis","synonymSource":"Olszewski-1952","synonymSourceTitle":"The Thalamus Of The Macaca mulatta: An Atlas For Use With The Stereotaxic Instrument","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fuscata","synonymName":"Nucleus pulvinaris thalami, pars lateralis","synonymSource":"Kusama-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Brain of Macaca fuscata","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus pulvinaris lateralis thalami","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Nucleus pulvinaris lateralis thalami","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus pulvinaris lateralis (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Jones-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlation and revised nomenclature of ventral nuclei in the thalamus of human and monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"pulvinar","parentNeuroNamesId":"328","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=328","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pulvinar","parentNeuroNamesId":"328","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=328","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"pulvinar","parentNeuroNamesId":"328","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=328","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pulvinar","parentNeuroNamesId":"328","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=328","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"331","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"314","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"medial pulvinar nucleus","standardAcronym":"MPul","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=331","cDefinition":"refers to one of four subdivisions of the pulvinar defined on the basis of cyto-myeloarchitecture in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( Olszewski-1952 ). The others are the inferior pulvinar nucleus, the lateral pulvinar nucleus and the anterior pulvinar nucleus. It is not found in the rodent ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nukleus pulvinar medial","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial pulvinar nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"18"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"medial pulvinar nucleus","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"18"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus pulvinaris medialis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Nucleus pulvinaris medialis","synonymSource":"Olszewski-1952","synonymSourceTitle":"The Thalamus Of The Macaca mulatta: An Atlas For Use With The Stereotaxic Instrument","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus pulvinaris medialis thalami","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Nucleus pulvinaris medialis thalami","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fuscata","synonymName":"Nucleus pulvinaris thalami, pars medialis","synonymSource":"Kusama-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Brain of Macaca fuscata","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"pulvinar","parentNeuroNamesId":"328","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=328","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pulvinar","parentNeuroNamesId":"328","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=328","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"pulvinar","parentNeuroNamesId":"328","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=328","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pulvinar","parentNeuroNamesId":"328","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=328","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"332","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"315","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"inferior pulvinar nucleus","standardAcronym":"IPul","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=332","cDefinition":"refers to one of four subdivisions of the pulvinar defined on the basis of cyto-myeloarchitecture in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( Olszewski-1952 ). 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Separated from the smaller nucleus by fibers of the optic tract, it is composed of two parts: the ventral layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus (layers 1 and 2), and the dorsal layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus (layers 3-5).\r\nMany authors refer to it as the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus or DLG. That poses no problem in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ), because the lateral geniculate nucleus lies dorsal to the other component of the lateral geniculate complex, the pregeniculate nucleus.. Applied to the adult primate, however, it causes confusion, because in primates the lateral geniculate nucleus is located ventral to the pregeniculate nucleus. \r\n\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"badan genikulat lateral","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"korpus genikulat lateral","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus","synonymSource":"Jones-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlation and revised nomenclature of ventral nuclei in the thalamus of human and monkey","pubMedHits":"950"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"950"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"lateral geniculate complex, dorsal part","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"lateral geniculate nucleus, dorsal part","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"dorsal part of the lateral geniculate complex","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral geniculate nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus corporis geniculati lateralis, pars dorsalis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Nucleus geniculatus lateralis dorsalis","synonymSource":"Olszewski-1952","synonymSourceTitle":"The Thalamus Of The Macaca mulatta: An Atlas For Use With The Stereotaxic Instrument","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Corpus geniculatum laterale (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Jones-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlation and revised nomenclature of ventral nuclei in the thalamus of human and monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus geniculatus lateralis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"37"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"corps géniculé latéral","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"corpo geniculato laterale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"ядро латерального коленчатого тела (дорсальная часть)","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"наружное коленчатое тело","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"латеральное коленчатое тело","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"cuerpo geniculado externo","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"lateral geniculate complex","parentNeuroNamesId":"352","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=352","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"lateral geniculate complex","parentNeuroNamesId":"352","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=352","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"lateral geniculate complex","parentNeuroNamesId":"352","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=352","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"lateral geniculate complex","parentNeuroNamesId":"352","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=352","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"lateral geniculate complex","parentNeuroNamesId":"352","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=352","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"lateral geniculate complex","parentNeuroNamesId":"352","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=352","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"geniculate group of the dorsal thalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"3332","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3332","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"354","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"337","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"pregeniculate nucleus","standardAcronym":"Pgn","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=354","cDefinition":"refers to one of two components of the lateral geniculate complex in the human ( Mai-2004; Riley-1943 ), the macaque ( Shantha-1968; Martin-2000 ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ), and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ), In primates it is a narrow horizontal band of cells lying dorsal to the much larger lateral geniculate nucleus. It is separated from the larger nucleus by fibers of the optic tract. It is composed of two parts: the rostral part of the pregeniculate nucleus and the caudal part of the pregeniculate nucleus ( Olszewski-1952 ). \r\nIn the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ) it lies ventral to the lateral geniculate nucleus, is closer to it in size, and is separated from it by the cellular intergeniculate leaf. It is composed of two parts: the lateral zone of the pregeniculate nucleus and the medial zone of the pregeniculate nucleus ( Swanson-2004 ). Some authors divide the nucleus of the rat into three layers ( Paxinos-2009b ).\r\nThe dorsally located structure of the primate and ventrally located structure of the rodent are considered homologous, because the embryonic origin of both is ventral to that of the lateral geniculate nucleus, and both are continuous rostrally with the zona incerta and the reticular nucleus of the thalamus ( Jones-1985 ).\r\nFunctionally the pregeniculate nucleus belongs to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"pregeniculate","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"22"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"ventral lateral geniculate nucleus","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"167"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"lateral geniculate complex, ventral part","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"pregeniculate nucleus","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"21"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"pregeniculate nucleus","synonymSource":"Jones-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlation and revised nomenclature of ventral nuclei in the thalamus of human and monkey","pubMedHits":"21"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"lateral geniculate complex, ventral part (Kölliker)","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"lateral geniculate nucleus, ventral part","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"ventral part of the lateral geniculate complex","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"suprageniculate nucleus","synonymSource":"Mai-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Fetal Development of the Central Nervous System","pubMedHits":"115"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"pregeniculate substance","synonymSource":"Jones-1985","synonymSourceTitle":"The Thalamus","pubMedHits":"7"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus pregeniculatum","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus praegeniculatus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Corpus geniculatum externum, nucleus accessorius","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Griseum praegeniculatum","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Praegeniculatum","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Corpus pregeniculatum","synonymSource":"Jones-1985","synonymSourceTitle":"The Thalamus","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"substance grisé prégeniculeé","synonymSource":"Jones-1985","synonymSourceTitle":"The Thalamus","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"вентральное ядро наружного коленчатого тела","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"lateral geniculate complex","parentNeuroNamesId":"352","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=352","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"lateral geniculate complex","parentNeuroNamesId":"352","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=352","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"lateral geniculate complex","parentNeuroNamesId":"352","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=352","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"lateral geniculate complex","parentNeuroNamesId":"352","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=352","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"lateral geniculate complex","parentNeuroNamesId":"352","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=352","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"lateral geniculate complex","parentNeuroNamesId":"352","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=352","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"geniculate group of the ventral thalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"2914","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2914","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"355","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"338","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","standardName":"medial geniculate body","standardAcronym":"MG","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=355","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"corpus geniculatum mediale","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"korpus genikulat medial","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"badan genikulat medial","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial geniculate body","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"491"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"medial geniculate body","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"491"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial geniculate nucleus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"251"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"medial geniculate nucleus","synonymSource":"Szabo-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"A stereotaxic atlas of the brain of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)","pubMedHits":"251"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"medial geniculate nucleus","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"251"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"medial geniculate complex","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"38"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Corpus geniculatum mediale","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"6"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Corpus geniculatum mediale","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"6"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Corpus geniculatus medialis","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus geniculatus medialis","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus geniculatus medialis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1989","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"Nucleus geniculatus medialis","synonymSource":"Percheron-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"The primate motor thalamus","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Nucleus corporis geniculati medialis","synonymSource":"Oertel-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"Zur zyto- und myeloarchitektonik des Rhombencephalon des Rhesusaffen (Macaca mulatta Zimmerman)","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"corps géniculé médial","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"corpo genicolato mediale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"медиальное коленчатое тело","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"внутреннее коленчатое тело","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"ядро медиального (внутреннего) коленчатого тела","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Mozga Cheloveka (Atlas of the Human Brain)","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"cuerpo geniculado interno","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"cuerpo geniculado medial","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"metathalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"351","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=351","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"metathalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"351","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=351","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"metathalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"351","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=351","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"metathalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"351","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=351","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"metathalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"351","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=351","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"metathalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"351","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=351","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"geniculate group of the dorsal thalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"3332","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3332","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"356","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"339","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"dorsal nucleus of the medial geniculate body","standardAcronym":"DMG","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=356","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"medial geniculate complex, dorsal part","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal nucleus of the medial geniculate body","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal nucleus of medial geniculate complex","synonymSource":"Hirai-1989","synonymSourceTitle":"A new parcellation of the human thalamus on the basis of histochemical staining","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"medial geniculate nucleus, dorsal part","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus corporis geniculati medialis, pars dorsalis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus geniculatus medialis pars dorsalis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1989","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus geniculatus medialis fibrosus (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Jones-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlation and revised nomenclature of ventral nuclei in the thalamus of human and monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo dorsale del genicolato mediale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"дорсальное ядро внутреннего коленчатого тела","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"ядро медиального коленчатого тела (дорсальная часть)","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia 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In the macaque ( Martin-2000; Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ) it is a narrow midline structure that wraps around the dorsal, rostral and ventral surfaces of the decussation of the anterior commissure.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"median preoptic nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"The Human Nervous System","pubMedHits":"357"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"median preoptic nucleus","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"357"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"median preoptic nucleus","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"357"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"median preoptic nucleus (Loo)","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"periventricular nucleus, preventricular portion","synonymSource":"Bleier-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"The Hypothalamus of the Rhesus Monkey: A Cytoarchitectonic Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fuscata","synonymName":"Nucleus preopticus medianus","synonymSource":"Kusama-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Brain of Macaca fuscata","pubMedHits":"14"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus praeopticus medianus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Nucleus praeopticus medianus","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"preoptic area","parentNeuroNamesId":"377","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=377","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"preoptic area","parentNeuroNamesId":"377","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=377","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"preoptic area","parentNeuroNamesId":"377","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=377","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"preoptic area","parentNeuroNamesId":"377","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=377","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"preoptic area","parentNeuroNamesId":"377","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=377","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"preoptic area","parentNeuroNamesId":"377","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=377","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"hypothalamic periventricular region","parentNeuroNamesId":"2905","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2905","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"379","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"362","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"preoptic periventricular nucleus","standardAcronym":"POP","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=379","cDefinition":"refers to one of five predominantly cellular parts of the preoptic area as defined by Nissl stain. It is a narrow, vertically oriented cell group bounded medially by the upper body of the third ventricle, laterally by the medial preoptic area, and dorsally by the median preoptic nucleus. It's ventral extent and adjacent structures vary depending upon the species: human ( Mai-1997 ), macaque ( Martin-2000 ), rat ( Swanson-1998 ). and mouse ( Hof-2000 ). The preoptic periventricular nucleus is continuous caudally with the more ventrally located intermediate periventricular nucleus ( Saper-1990 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"preoptic periventricular nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"18"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"preoptic periventricular nucleus","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"18"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"preoptic periventricular nucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure Of The Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"18"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"preoptic periventricular hypothalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"periventricular preoptic nucleus","synonymSource":"Saper-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Hypothalamus","pubMedHits":"45"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal periventricular hypothalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"Mai-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Fetal Development of the Central Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"periventricular nucleus, anterior portion","synonymSource":"Bleier-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"The Hypothalamus of the Rhesus Monkey: A Cytoarchitectonic Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus periventricularis preopticus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus periventricularis praeopticus","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus periventricularis hypothalami, pars dorsalis","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo periventricolare preottico","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"preoptic area","parentNeuroNamesId":"377","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=377","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"preoptic area","parentNeuroNamesId":"377","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=377","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"preoptic area","parentNeuroNamesId":"377","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=377","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"preoptic area","parentNeuroNamesId":"377","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=377","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"preoptic area","parentNeuroNamesId":"377","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=377","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"preoptic area","parentNeuroNamesId":"377","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=377","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"hypothalamic periventricular region","parentNeuroNamesId":"2905","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2905","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"380","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"363","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"medial preoptic area","standardAcronym":"MPO","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=380","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the preoptic area defined on the basis of Nissl stain. It is largely bounded medially by the preoptic periventricular nucleus and the anteroventral periventricular nucleus, laterally by the lateral preoptic area, dorsally by the anterior commissure and the thalamus, ventrally by the optic chiasm, rostrally by the nucleus of the diagonal band and caudally by the anterior hypothalamic area. It's internal structure varies considerably by species. In the human it is relatively undifferentiated ( Saper-1990 ). In the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), rat and mouse the area contains a well defined medial preoptic nucleus. In the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Hof-2000; Dong-2004 ) the area contains four other nuclei as well: the anterodorsal preoptic nucleus, the anteroventral preoptic nucleus, the posterodorsal preoptic nucleus and the parastrial nucleus. The cell sparse portion of the area between nuclei is known as the medial preoptic area proper ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial preoptic nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"534"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"medial preoptic nucleus","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"534"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial preoptic area","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"1757"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial preoptic hypothalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"medial preoptic area","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"1757"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"medial preoptic area","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"1757"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus preopticus medialis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"31"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus praeopticus medialis","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fuscata","synonymName":"Area preopticus medialis","synonymSource":"Kusama-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Brain of Macaca fuscata","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Area praeoptica medialis","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo preottico mediale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"медиальное преоптическое ядро","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"preoptic area","parentNeuroNamesId":"377","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=377","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"preoptic area","parentNeuroNamesId":"377","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=377","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"preoptic area","parentNeuroNamesId":"377","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=377","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"preoptic area","parentNeuroNamesId":"377","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=377","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"preoptic area","parentNeuroNamesId":"377","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=377","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"preoptic area","parentNeuroNamesId":"377","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=377","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"381","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"364","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"lateral preoptic area","standardAcronym":"LPO","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=381","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral preoptic nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"18"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"lateral preoptic nucleus","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"18"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral preoptic area","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"245"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"lateral preoptic area","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"245"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral preoptic hypothalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus preopticus lateralis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus praeopticus lateralis","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fuscata","synonymName":"Area preoptica lateralis","synonymSource":"Kusama-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Brain of Macaca fuscata","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area praeoptica lateralis","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Area praeoptica lateralis","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo preottico laterale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"латеральное преоптическое ядро","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"preoptic area","parentNeuroNamesId":"377","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=377","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"preoptic area","parentNeuroNamesId":"377","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=377","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"preoptic area","parentNeuroNamesId":"377","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=377","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"preoptic area","parentNeuroNamesId":"377","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=377","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"preoptic area","parentNeuroNamesId":"377","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=377","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"preoptic area","parentNeuroNamesId":"377","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=377","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"lateral motor zone of the hypothalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"2911","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2911","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"382","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"365","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"anteroventral periventricular nucleus","standardAcronym":"AVPe","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=382","cDefinition":"refers to one of two periventricular nuclei demonstrated by Nissl stain in the anterior hypothalamic region. The other is the preoptic periventricular nucleus. The anteroventral nucleus is located ventrally in the wall of the optic recess in the human ( Saper-2004 ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ), and mouse ( Dong-2004 ). It is not labeled in standard macaque brain atlases ( Paxinos-2009a ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anteroventral periventricular nucleus","synonymSource":"Saper-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Hypothalamus","pubMedHits":"166"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"anteroventral periventricular nucleus","synonymSource":"Martin-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"A stereotaxic template atlas of the macaque brain for digital imaging and quantitative neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"166"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"anteroventral periventricular nucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure Of The Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"166"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventral periventricular hypothalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Nucleus periventricularis anteroventralis","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"anterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"376","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=376","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"anterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"376","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=376","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"anterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"376","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=376","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"hypothalamic periventricular region","parentNeuroNamesId":"2905","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2905","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"383","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"366","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"organum vasculosum","standardAcronym":"OV","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=383","cDefinition":"refers to one of seven predominantly cellular structures of the anterior hypothalamic region as defined by Nissl stain. Located within the lamina terminalis in the optic recess at the anteroventral end of the third ventricle, it is bounded dorsally by the median preoptic nucleus and laterally by the anteroventral periventricular nucleus. Its neuronal composition is similar to that of those adjacent structures. As one of the circumventricular organs, the organum vasculosum is highly vascular and lacks a blood brain barrier ( Saper-2004 ). It is considered the primary detector of dehydration in the control system of drinking ( Graebner-2015 ). It, together with the subfornical organ and the area postrema, constitute the humerosensory system ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"supraoptic crest","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"organum vasculosum","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"593"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"prechiasmatic gland","synonymSource":"Noback-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"The Human Nervous System: Basic Principles of Neurobiology","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"supraoptic crest","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"supraoptic crest","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"vascular organ of lamina terminalis","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"vascular organ of the lamina terminalis","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-2007","synonymSourceTitle":"The circumventricular organs: An atlas of comparative anatomy and vascularization","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"organum vasculosum","synonymSource":"Saper-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Hypothalamus","pubMedHits":"593"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Organum vasculosum of lamina terminalis","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"10"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"cresta sopraottica","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"organo vascolare della lamina terminale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"órgano vasculoso de la lámina terminal","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"cresta supraóptica","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"anterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"376","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=376","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"anterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"376","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=376","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"anterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"376","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=376","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"anterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"376","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=376","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"anterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"376","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=376","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"anterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"376","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=376","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"humerosensory system","parentNeuroNamesId":"2856","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2856","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"","parentNeuroNamesId":"2891","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2891","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"384","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"367","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"suprachiasmatic nucleus","standardAcronym":"SCh","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=384","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells in the anterior hypothalamic region of the hypothalamus, which is demonstrated by Nissl stain in the human ( Saper-2012 ), macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Dong-2004 ).It is located in the wall of the third ventricle at the base of the optic recess and dorsal to the optic chiasm. Least prominent in the human ( Saper-2012 ), it is divided into the shell of the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the core of the suprachiasmatic nucleus. \r\nIt is distinct from the suprachiasmatic preoptic nucleus, which lies rostral to it in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). Functionally, as part of the behavioral state system ( Swanson-2004 ), it is involved in the maintenance of circadian rhythms ( Saper-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"suprachiasmatic nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"4620"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"suprachiasmatic nucleus","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"4620"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"suprachiasmatic nucleus","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"4620"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"suprachiasmatic nucleus of hypothalamus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"suprachiasmatic nucleus (Spiegel-Zwieg)","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus suprachiasmaticus hypothalami","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Nucleus suprachiasmaticus hypothalami","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo soprachiasmatico","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"anterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"376","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=376","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"anterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"376","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=376","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"anterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"376","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=376","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"anterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"376","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=376","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"anterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"376","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=376","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"anterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"376","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=376","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"behavioral state system","parentNeuroNamesId":"2875","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2875","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"385","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"368","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"supraoptic nucleus","standardAcronym":"SO","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=385","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells in the anterior hypothalamic region at the ventral and lateral extremes of the hypothalamus. It is demonstrated by Nissl stain in the human ( Mai-1997 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). Located close to the optic chiasm and optic tract, it is composed of two parts, the dorsolateral part of the supraoptic nucleus and the retrochiasmatic part of the supraoptic nucleus. Functionally it belongs to the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).\r\nSome authors regard the retrochiasmatic area, which is relatively small in the human, to be a 'tuberal part' of the supraoptic nucleus, not a distinct entity ( Mai-1997 ).\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nukleus supraoptik","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"supraoptic nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"2784"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"supraoptic nucleus","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"2784"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"supraoptic nucleus","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"2784"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"supraoptic nucleus of hypothalamus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"supraoptic nucleus proper (Lenhossek)","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"supraoptic nucleus, general","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus supraopticus","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"33"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Nucleus supraopticus hypothalami","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus tangentialis (Riley)","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"noyau hypothalamique supraoptique","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo sopraottico","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"супраоптическое ядро","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"надзрительное ядро","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"anterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"376","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=376","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"anterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"376","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=376","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"anterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"376","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=376","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"anterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"376","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=376","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"anterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"376","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=376","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"anterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"376","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=376","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"magnocellular neuroendocrine cell groups","parentNeuroNamesId":"2920","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2920","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"386","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"369","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"anterior hypothalamic area","standardAcronym":"AH","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=386","cDefinition":"refers to one of seven divisions of the anterior hypothalamic region as defined on the basis of Nissl stain. It is located in the medial zone of the hypothalamus, for the most part between the medial preoptic area rostrally, the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus caudally; the periventricular zone of the hypothalamus medially and the lateral hypothalamic area laterally. In the human it is undifferentiated ( Saper-2004 ). In the macaque an anterior part of the anterior hypothalamic area is distinguished from the remainder ( Paxinos-2009a ). In the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Hof-2000 ) it is composed of two subdivisions, a distinctive anterior hypothalamic nucleus and an undifferenctiated anterior hypothalamic area proper.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nukleus anterior","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior nucleus of hypothalamus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"anterior nucleus of the hypothalamus","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior hypothalamic area","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"414"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"primate","synonymName":"parvocellular nucleus of hypothalamus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"primate","synonymName":"fundamental gray substance","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior hypothalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"286"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"cat","synonymName":"anterior medial hypothalamus","synonymSource":"Gregg-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain structures and neurotransmitters regulating aggression in cats: Implications for human aggression","pubMedHits":"12"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus hypothalamicus anterior","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Nucleus anterior hypothalami","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"7"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo anteriore","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo ipotalamico anteriore","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"переднее гипоталамическое ядро","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"anterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"376","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=376","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"anterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"376","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=376","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"anterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"376","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=376","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"anterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"376","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=376","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"387","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"370","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus","standardAcronym":"Pa","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=387","cDefinition":"refers to a prominent narrow cell group in the anterior hypothalamic region of the hypothalamus. Defined classically on the basis of Nissl stain it is bounded rostrally by nuclei of the preoptic area, medially by the preoptic periventricular nucleus, laterally by the preoptic area, anterior hypothalamic area and fornix, ventrally by the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus and caudally by the dorsal hypothalamic area and/or the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus. While magnocellular and parvicellular divisions are distinguished in all species, the nucleus is subdivided differently in the human ( Mai-2004 ) and the macaque ( Paxinos-2000 ) compared to the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ), where internal divisions are more distinct ( Saper-2004 ). \r\nIn the rat, the nucleus is divided into a magnocellular division of the paraventricular nucleus, a parvicellular division of the paraventricular nucleus and a descending division of the paraventricular nucleus. Each division is further subdivided into several parts. Functionally the nucleus is part of the subcortical motor system with different parts of the three primary anatomical divisions belonging to the behavior control column, the neuroendocrine motor zone, and the somatic motoneuron pools ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nukleus paraventrikular","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"subcommissural nucleus (Ziehen)","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"58"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"58"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"4735"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"4735"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"filiform nucleus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"paraventricular nucleus hypothalamus (Malone)","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus paraventricularis hypothalami","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"8"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Nucleus paraventricularis hypothalami","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"8"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca nemestrina","synonymName":"Nucleus hypothalami paraventricularis","synonymSource":"Winters-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Brain Atlas For Macaca nemestrina","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nuclei paraventriculares","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Nucleus filiformis","synonymSource":"Olszewski-1952","synonymSourceTitle":"The Thalamus Of The Macaca mulatta: An Atlas For Use With The Stereotaxic Instrument","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Nucleus hypothalami filiformis","synonymSource":"Snider-1961","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Monkey Brain (Macaca mulatta)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"noyau hypothalamique paraventriculaire","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo paraventricolare del ipotalamo","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"паравентрикулярнoe ядро","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"околожелудоковое ядро","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"núcleo paraventricular","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"anterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"376","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=376","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"anterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"376","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=376","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"anterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"376","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=376","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"anterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"376","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=376","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"anterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"376","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=376","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"anterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"376","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=376","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"388","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"371","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"White Primary Structure","standardName":"dorsal supraoptic decussation","standardAcronym":"dsox","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=388","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"supraoptic commissures, dorsal (Meynert)","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal supraoptic decussation","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"5"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"dorsal supraoptic decussation","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"5"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal supraoptic decussation of Meynert","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"commissure of Meynert","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal supraoptic commissure","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal supraoptic commissure (of Ganser)","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"supraoptic commissure of Meynert","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Ganser's commissure","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"supraoptic commissures, dorsal","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Commissura supraoptica dorsalis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Commissura supraoptica dorsalis","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Commissura supraoptica dorsalis pars ventralis (Meynert)","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"commissura sopraottica dorsale di Meynert","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"дорсальная супраоптическая спайка","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"anterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"376","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=376","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"anterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"376","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=376","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"anterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"376","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=376","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"anterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"376","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=376","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"anterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"376","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=376","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"anterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"376","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=376","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"389","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"372","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"White Primary Structure","standardName":"ventral supraoptic decussation","standardAcronym":"vsox","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=389","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"supraoptic commissures, ventral (Gudden)","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventral supraoptic decussation","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"5"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventral supraoptic decussation of Gudden","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gudden's commissure","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"commissure of Gudden","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventral supraoptic commissure (of 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Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Regio hypothalamica intermedia","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area hypothalamica intermedia","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"промежуточная гипоталамическая область","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"hypothalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"375","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=375","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate 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Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"hypothalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"375","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=375","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"393","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"376","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"tuber cinereum","standardAcronym":"tbcn","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=393","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"tubersinereum","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"tuber cinereum","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"142"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tuber cinereum","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"142"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Tuber cinereum","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"142"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"grauer Höcker","synonymSource":"Schultze-1993","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomisches Wörterbuch","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"tuber cinereum","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"серый бугор","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"tuber cinereum","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"166"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"intermediate hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"392","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=392","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"394","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"377","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"intermediate periventricular nucleus","standardAcronym":"IPe","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=394","cDefinition":"refers to the portion of the periventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus located in the intermediate hypothalamic region in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ), the macaque ( Kusama-1970 ), the rat ( Swanson-1992 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). Functionally it belongs to the parvicellular neuroendocrine cell groups of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"intermediate periventricular nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"intermediate periventricular nucleus of hypothalamus","synonymSource":"Swanson-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure Of The Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"periventricular nucleus at the tuberal level","synonymSource":"Saper-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Hypothalamus","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"periventricular hypothalamic nucleus, intermediate part","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"intermediate periventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"dorsal part of the posterior periventricular nucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fuscata","synonymName":"Nucleus periventricularis hypothalami","synonymSource":"Kusama-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Brain of Macaca fuscata","pubMedHits":"18"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"intermediate hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"392","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=392","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"intermediate hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"392","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=392","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"intermediate hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"392","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=392","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"intermediate hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"392","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=392","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"intermediate hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"392","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=392","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"intermediate hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"392","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=392","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"parvicellular neuroendocrine cell groups","parentNeuroNamesId":"2921","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2921","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"395","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"378","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus","standardAcronym":"ArcH","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=395","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"31"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"31"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"arcuate hypothalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"47"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"infundibular nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"152"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"infundibular hypothalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"Szabo-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"A stereotaxic atlas of the brain of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"arcuate periventricular nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"infundibular periventricular nucleus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"arcuate nucleus-2","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"arcuate nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus infundibularis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"35"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Nucleus infundibularis hypothalami","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus infundibularis hypothalami","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus arcuatus (hypothalamus)","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"noyau hypothalamique arqué","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo infundibolare","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo arcuato","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"ядро воронки","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"дугообразное ядро","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"intermediate hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"392","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=392","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"intermediate hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"392","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=392","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"intermediate hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"392","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=392","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"intermediate hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"392","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=392","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"intermediate hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"392","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=392","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"intermediate hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"392","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=392","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"parvicellular neuroendocrine cell groups","parentNeuroNamesId":"2921","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2921","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"396","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"379","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"retrochiasmatic area","standardAcronym":"RCh","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=396","cDefinition":"refers to an area at the base of the hypothalamus in which neurons are interspersed with fibers of the supraoptic decussations. Not to be confused with the larger, more medial retrochiasmatic part of the supraoptic nucleus, the area is located laterally on the ventral surface, just rostral to the anterior median eminence, at the boundary of the intermediate hypothalamic region with the anterior hypothalamic region. It is defined by Nissl stain in the human, macaque, rat and mouse. \r\nIn the human the neurons are scattered along the base of the intermediate region between the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus medially, the retrochiasmatic part of the supraoptic nucleus dorsolaterally, the optic tract laterally and the anterior median eminence caudally ( Mai-1997 ). In the macaque the area is located somewhat more rostrally, in the anterior hypothalamic region, dorsal to the optic chiasm, ventral to the anterior hypothalamic area and medial to the retrochiasmatic part of the supraoptic nucleus ( Paxinos-2009a ). In the rat it is located between the anterior hypothalamic nucleus dorsally, the supraoptic decussations ventrally, the optic tract laterally and the tuberal nucleus caudally ( Swanson-2004 ). In the mouse it is located ventral to the anterior hypothalamic nucleus and the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus and dorsal to the optic tract ( Hof-2000 ). Some authors regard the retrochiasmatic area, which is relatively small in the human, to be a 'tuberal part' of the supraoptic nucleus rather than a distinct entity ( Mai-1997 ).\r\nThe retrochiasmatic area is one of twenty six regions, zones, and nuclei that constitute the motor lateral hypothalamus in the rat. Functionally it belongs to the motor lateral hypothalamus of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"retrochiasmatic area","synonymSource":"Paxinos-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"The Human Nervous System","pubMedHits":"123"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"retrochiasmatic hypothalamic area","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"supraoptic nucleus, tuberal part","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Area retrochiasmatica","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Nucleus supraopticus diffusus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"4"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"intermediate hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"392","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=392","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"intermediate hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"392","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=392","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"intermediate hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"392","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=392","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"motor lateral hypothalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"2912","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2912","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"397","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"380","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus","standardAcronym":"DMH","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=397","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells located dorsal to the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus and ventral to the caudal part of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in the intermediate hypothalamic region. In the human it is not differentiated ( Saper-2012 ). In the macaque a central compact part of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus can be identified ( Paxinos-2012 ). In rodents, authors distinguish two or three components, but vary in the way that they subdivide the structure. All identify a ventral part of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus in both the rat ( Swanson-2004; Paxinos-2000b ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000; Franklin-2008 ). \r\nThe remainder of the nucleus in rodents is divided by various authors into different combinations of the compact part of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus, an anterior part of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus, a posterior part of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus, and a dorsal part of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus.\r\nFunctionally the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus belongs to the hypothalamic periventricular region of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nukleus dorsomedial","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"dorsomedial nucleus hypothalamus","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsomedial nucleus of hypothalamus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"dorsomedial nucleus of hypothalamus","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"455"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"455"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"dorsomedial nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"482"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus hypothalamicus dorsomedialis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Nucleus dorsomedialis hypothalami","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"11"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"noyau hypothalamique dorsomédial","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo ipotalamico dorsomediale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo dorsomediale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"верхнемедиальное ядро","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"дорсальное гипоталамическое ядро","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"intermediate hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"392","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=392","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"intermediate hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"392","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=392","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"intermediate hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"392","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=392","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"intermediate hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"392","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=392","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"intermediate hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"392","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=392","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"intermediate hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"392","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=392","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"hypothalamic periventricular region","parentNeuroNamesId":"2905","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2905","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"398","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"381","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus","standardAcronym":"VMH","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=398","cDefinition":"refers to a collection of cells located ventrally in the intermediate hypothalamic region. Demonstrated by Nissl stain, it is found in the human, the macaque, the rat and the mouse. It is bounded ventromedially, medially and dorsally by the internuclear area of the periventricular region, which separates it from the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, the intermediate periventricular nucleus and the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus respectively. Laterally it is bounded for the most part by the lateral hypothalamic area. In some humans ( Saper-2004 ) and in the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ) it is divided into two parts: the dorsomedial part of the ventromedial nucleus and the ventrolateral part of the ventromedial nucleus. \r\nIn the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) it is divided into four parts. In addition to the dorsomedial and ventrolateral parts, an anterior part of the ventromedial nucleus and a central part of the ventromedial nucleus are distinguished. Functionally it is part of the behavior control column of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nukleus ventromedial hipotalamus","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"tuberal nucleus (Ganser)","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"ventromedial nucleus hypothalamus","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"30"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"30"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"1684"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"1684"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus hypothalamicus ventromedialis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Nucleus ventromedialis hypothalami","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"18"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"noyau hypothalamique ventromédial","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo ventromediale (ipotalamo)","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo ipotalamico ventromediale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"вентромедиальное гипоталамическое ядро","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"нижнемедиальное ядро","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"intermediate hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"392","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=392","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"intermediate hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"392","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=392","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"intermediate hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"392","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=392","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"intermediate hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"392","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=392","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"intermediate hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"392","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=392","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"intermediate hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"392","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=392","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"behavior control column","parentNeuroNamesId":"2895","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2895","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"399","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"382","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","standardName":"hypophysis","standardAcronym":"Hp","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=399","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"hipofisis","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"kelenjar pituitrin","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"kelenjar pituitari","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"hypophysis","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"1497"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"hypophysis","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"1497"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"pituitary gland","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"30190"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca nemestrina","synonymName":"pituitary gland","synonymSource":"Winters-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Brain Atlas For Macaca nemestrina","pubMedHits":"30190"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"pituitary gland","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"30190"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Glandula pituitaria","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Hypophysis","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"1497"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Hypophysis cerebri","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"9"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Hirnanhangdrüse","synonymSource":"Schultze-1993","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomisches Wörterbuch","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Hypophyse","synonymSource":"Schultze-1993","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomisches Wörterbuch","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"ipofisi","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"гипофиз мозга","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"hipófisis","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"intermediate hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"392","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=392","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"intermediate hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"392","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=392","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"intermediate hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"392","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=392","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"intermediate hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"392","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=392","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"intermediate hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"392","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=392","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"intermediate hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"392","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=392","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"400","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"383","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"lateral eminence of the hypophysis","standardAcronym":"lehp","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=400","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral eminence of the hypophysis","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Eminentia lateralis (hypophysis)","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"éminence latéral du tuber","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"eminencia lateral","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"hypophysis","parentNeuroNamesId":"399","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=399","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"401","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"384","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","standardName":"neurohypophysis","standardAcronym":"NHP","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=401","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"lobus neural","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"neurohipofisis","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"pituitary gland, neural lobe","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"neurohypophysis","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"1265"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"neurohypophysis","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"1265"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"neural lobe","synonymSource":"Ranson-1959","synonymSourceTitle":"The Anatomy Of The Nervous System: Its Development And Function","pubMedHits":"491"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"infundibular process","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"7"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior lobe of hypophysis","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1991","synonymSourceTitle":"Core Text of Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"pituitary gland, neural lobe","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lobus nervosus","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lobus posterior","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Neurohypophysis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"1265"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Hypophysenhinterlappen","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Neurohypophyse","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"neuroipofisi","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"lobo posteriore dell'ipofisi","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"задняя доля гипофиза","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"нейрогипофиз","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"neurohipófisis","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"hypophysis","parentNeuroNamesId":"399","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=399","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"hypophysis","parentNeuroNamesId":"399","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=399","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"hypophysis","parentNeuroNamesId":"399","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=399","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"hypophysis","parentNeuroNamesId":"399","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=399","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"hypophysis","parentNeuroNamesId":"399","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=399","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"hypophysis","parentNeuroNamesId":"399","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=399","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"magnocellular neuroendocrine cell groups","parentNeuroNamesId":"2920","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2920","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"402","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"385","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","standardName":"median eminence","standardAcronym":"ME","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=402","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"eminensia medial","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf 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Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"adenohypophysis","parentNeuroNamesId":"407","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=407","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"411","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"394","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","standardName":"posterior hypothalamic region","standardAcronym":"PHR","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=411","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"posterior hypothalamic region","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-1995","pubMedHits":"39"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"mammillary region","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"30"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"mammillary level of hypothalamus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior hypothalamus","synonymSource":"Saper-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Hypothalamus","pubMedHits":"1086"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Regio hypothalamica posterior","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Hypothalamus posterior","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"533"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area hypothalamica posterior","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"hinterer Hypothalamus","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"regione mammillare","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"задняя гипоталамическая область","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"hypothalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"375","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=375","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"hypothalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"375","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=375","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"hypothalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"375","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=375","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"hypothalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"375","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=375","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"hypothalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"375","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=375","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"hypothalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"375","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=375","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"412","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"395","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"mammillary body","standardAcronym":"mmb","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=412","cDefinition":"refers to a surface feature of the hypothalamus revealed by dissection in the human, macaque, rat and mouse. It is a small paired spherical protruberance located on the ventral surface of the posterior hypothalamic region, caudal to the posterior median eminence. It's posterior surface defines the boundary of the interbrain with the midbrain. \r\nMany authors use the term to refer to cell groups within the mammillary body. All who use the term in that sense include the medial mammillary nucleus ( Saper-2004 ); some include the lateral mammillary nucleus ( Swanson-2004 ); others include the tuberomammillary nucleus, the supramammillary area, and the premammillary nuclei as well ( BAMS ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"corpus mammilare","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"korpus mamilar","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"mammillary body","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"211"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"mamillary body","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"111"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Corpora mammillaria","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Corpus mamillaris","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Corpus mammillare","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca nemestrina","synonymName":"Corpus mammillare","synonymSource":"Winters-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Brain Atlas For Macaca nemestrina","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Corpus mamillare","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"26"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Corpus mamillare","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"26"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Corpora mamillaria","synonymSource":"Sinel'nikov-1958","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of Human Anatomy","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"corps mamillaire","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"corpo mammillare","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"маммиллярное тело","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"сосцевидное тело","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"cuerpo mamilar","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"posterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"411","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=411","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"behavior control column","parentNeuroNamesId":"2895","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2895","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"413","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"396","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"lateral mammillary nucleus","standardAcronym":"LM","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=413","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"lateral mammillary nucleus (Gudden)","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral mammillary nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"66"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral mammillary nucleus","synonymSource":"Saper-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Hypothalamus","pubMedHits":"66"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"lateral mammillary nucleus","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"66"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"lateral mammillary nucleus","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"66"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fuscata","synonymName":"lateral mammillary hypothalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"Kusama-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Brain of Macaca fuscata","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"lateral mamillary nucleus","synonymSource":"Jones-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"BrainMaps.org","pubMedHits":"8"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus corporis mamillaris lateralis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Nucleus lateralis corpus mamillaris","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Nucleus intercalatus (Olszewski)","synonymSource":"Olszewski-1952","synonymSourceTitle":"The Thalamus Of The Macaca mulatta: An Atlas For Use With The Stereotaxic Instrument","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo mammillare laterale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"латеральное ядро сосцевидного тела","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"posterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"411","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=411","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"posterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"411","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=411","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"posterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"411","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=411","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"posterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"411","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=411","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"mammillary body","parentNeuroNamesId":"412","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=412","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"414","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"397","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","standardName":"medial mammillary nucleus","standardAcronym":"MM","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=414","cDefinition":"refers to a well defined group of cells located ventromedially in the posterior hypothalamic region of the human ( Saper-2004 ), macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). Defined on the basis of Nissl stain it is the most prominent cell group in the mammillary body. It has at least two parts in each of the species: the medial part of the medial mammillary nucleus and the lateral part of the medial mammillary nucleus. They are partially separated by fibers of the fornix. In the rat and the mouse the nucleus has a third component: the median part of the medial mammillary nucleus. \r\nSome authors do not distinguish medial and lateral parts of the nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). It is composed of two parts: the body of the medial mammillary nucleus and the median part of the medial mammillary nucleus. Functionally the nucleus is part of the behavior control column of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"medial mammillary nucleus (Gudden)","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial mammillary nucleus","synonymSource":"Saper-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Hypothalamus","pubMedHits":"94"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial mammillary nucleus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"94"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"medial mammillary nucleus","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"94"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"medial mammillary nucleus","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"94"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"internal mammillary nucleus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"medial mamillary nucleus","synonymSource":"Jones-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"BrainMaps.org","pubMedHits":"22"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus corporis mamillaris medialis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus mamillaris medialis","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fuscata","synonymName":"Nucleus mamillaris medialis","synonymSource":"Kusama-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Brain of Macaca fuscata","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Nucleus mamillaris","synonymSource":"Olszewski-1952","synonymSourceTitle":"The Thalamus Of The Macaca mulatta: An Atlas For Use With The Stereotaxic Instrument","pubMedHits":"9"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"медиальное ядро сосцевидного тела","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"posterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"411","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=411","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"posterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"411","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=411","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"posterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"411","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=411","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"posterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"411","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=411","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"mammillary body","parentNeuroNamesId":"412","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=412","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"415","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"398","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"medial part of the medial mammillary nucleus","standardAcronym":"MMM","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=415","cDefinition":"refers to the more medial of two parts of the medial mammillary nucleus in the human ( Saper-2004 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ), and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). In the human it is considerably larger than the lateral part of the medial mammillary nucleus from which it is separated by fibers of the fornix ( Saper-2004 ). In the macaque, rat, and mouse the medial and lateral parts are more equal in size. \r\nSome authors do not divide the medial mammillary nucleus of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Hof-2000 ) into medial and lateral parts. The combination is equivalent to the body of the medial mammillary nucleus in their parcellation. Functionally the medial mammillary nucleus is part of the behavior control column of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial part of the medial mammillary nucleus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial subdivision of medial mammillary nucleus","synonymSource":"Saper-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Hypothalamus","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial mammillary nucleus, medial part","synonymSource":"Paxinos-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brainstem","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial mammillary nucleus (Carpenter)","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"medial mammillary nucleus (Carpenter)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-1995","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Nucleus corporis mamillaris medialis, pars medialis","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus medialis corpus mamillaris (Shantha)","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo mammillare mediale (Carpenter)","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"medial mammillary nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"414","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=414","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medial mammillary nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"414","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=414","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medial mammillary nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"414","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=414","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"416","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"399","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"lateral part of the medial mammillary nucleus","standardAcronym":"MML","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=416","cDefinition":"refers to the more lateral of two parts of the medial mammillary nucleus in the human ( Saper-2004 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ), and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). In the human it is considerably smaller than the medial part of the medial mammillary nucleus from which it is separated by fibers of the fornix ( Saper-2004 ). In the macaque, rat, and mouse the medial and lateral parts are more equal in size. \r\nSome authors do not divide the medial mammillary nucleus of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Hof-2000 ) into medial and lateral parts. The combination is equivalent to the body of the medial mammillary nucleus in their parcellation. Functionally the medial mammillary nucleus is part of the behavior control column of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral part of the medial mammillary nucleus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral subdivision of medial mammillary nucleus","synonymSource":"Saper-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Hypothalamus","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial mammillary nucleus, lateral part","synonymSource":"Paxinos-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brainstem","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"intermediate mammillary nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"intermediate mammillary nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-1995","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"intercalated mammillary nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral mammillary nucleus (Gagel)","synonymSource":"Saper-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Hypothalamus","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Nucleus corporis mamillaris medialis, pars lateralis","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Nucleus intermedius corpus mamillaris","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus intercalatus corporis mammillaris","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo mammillare intercalato","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo mammillare intermedio","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"posterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"411","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=411","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"medial mammillary nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"414","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=414","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medial mammillary nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"414","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=414","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medial mammillary nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"414","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=414","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"417","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"400","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"supramammillary area","standardAcronym":"SuM","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=417","cDefinition":"refers to the location of a group of small, variously described nuclei defined by Nissl stain in the posterior hypothalamic region. It is located dorsal to the medial mammillary nucleus and lateral mammillary nucleus, ventral to the posterior hypothalamic area, and ventromedial to the lateral hypothalamic area ( Pan-2004) . It is not well defined in the human ( Crosby-1962; Saper-2004 ), but is more clearly identifiable in the macaque ( Jones-2005; Bleier-1984 ). It is most clearly defined in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Hof-2000 ), where it is also commonly referred to as the 'supramammillary nucleus'. In the rat and mouse it is divided into two parts: the medial part of the supramammillary nucleus and the lateral part of the supramammillary nucleus. Functionally it is part of the behavioral state system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"supramammillary nucleus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"141"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"supramammillary nucleus","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"141"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"supramammillary nucleus","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"141"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"supramammillary nucleus (Cajal)","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"supramamillary nucleus","synonymSource":"Jones-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"BrainMaps.org","pubMedHits":"13"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"supramammillary area","synonymSource":"Pan-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"The supramammillary area: its organization, functions and relationship to the hippocampus","pubMedHits":"32"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus supramammillaris","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Nucleus supramamillaris hypothalami","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"posterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"411","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=411","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"posterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"411","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=411","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"posterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"411","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=411","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"posterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"411","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=411","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"behavioral state system","parentNeuroNamesId":"2875","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2875","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"418","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"401","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"premammillary nuclei","standardAcronym":"PMm","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=418","cDefinition":"refers to two groups of cells demonstrated by Nissl stain ventrally in the posterior hypothalamic region just rostral to the medial mammillary nucleus. They are the dorsal premammillary nucleus and the ventral premammillary nucleus.They are prominent in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). Some authors report them also in the macaque ( Bleier-1984 ), though others indicate that they are represented only by a small group of cells in that species ( Crosby-1962; Paxinos-2009a ). They are not detectable by Nissl stain in the human ( Saper-2004 ). Functionally they are part of the behavior control column of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"premammillary nuclei","synonymSource":"Bleier-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"The Hypothalamus of the Rhesus Monkey: A Cytoarchitectonic Atlas","pubMedHits":"63"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"premamillary nucleus","synonymSource":"Jones-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"BrainMaps.org","pubMedHits":"14"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"premammillary nuclei","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"63"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fuscata","synonymName":"Nucleus premamillaris hypothalami","synonymSource":"Kusama-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Brain of Macaca fuscata","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Nuclei premamillaris","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"posterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"411","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=411","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"posterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"411","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=411","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"posterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"411","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=411","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"419","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"402","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"posterior periventricular nucleus","standardAcronym":"PPe","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=419","cDefinition":"refers to a group of neurons identified by Nissl stain in the posterior hypothalamic region. In the human the nucleus is located in the wall of the third ventricle, caudal to the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, and rostral to the medial mammillary nucleus ( Saper-1990 ). In the rat it is also medial to the premammillary nuclei ( Swanson-2004 ). Because it is very similar in appearance to the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, some investigators question the value of considering it a separate entity (Saper personal communication).\r\nFunctionally the posterior periventricular nucleus is part of the posterior hypothalamic region in the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"posterior periventricular nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"5"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"posterior periventricular nucleus","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"5"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"posterior periventricular nucleus of hypothalamus","synonymSource":"Swanson-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure Of The Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"periventricular nucleus, posterior subdivision","synonymSource":"Saper-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Hypothalamus","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"periventricular hypothalamic nucleus, posterior part","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus periventricularis posterior","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Griseum periventriculare hypothalami","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"заднее перивентрикулярное ядро","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"posterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"411","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=411","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"posterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"411","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=411","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"posterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"411","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=411","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"posterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"411","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=411","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"hypothalamic periventricular region","parentNeuroNamesId":"2905","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2905","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"420","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"403","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"posterior hypothalamic area","standardAcronym":"PH","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=420","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nukleus posterior","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior nucleus of hypothalamus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"posterior nucleus of the hypothalamus","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior hypothalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"88"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"posterior hypothalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"88"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior hypothalamic area","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"125"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"posterior nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"362"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"posterior hypothalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"88"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"posterior hypothalamic area","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"125"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus hypothalamicus posterior","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Area posterior hypothalami","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area hypothalamica posterior","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fuscata","synonymName":"Area hypothalamica posterior","synonymSource":"Kusama-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Brain of Macaca fuscata","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo ipotalamico posteriore","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo posteriore","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"заднее гипоталамическое ядро","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"заднее ядро","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"posterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"411","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=411","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"posterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"411","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=411","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"posterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"411","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=411","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"posterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"411","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=411","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"central gray","parentNeuroNamesId":"1584","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1584","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"421","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"404","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"White Primary Structure","standardName":"supramammillary commissure","standardAcronym":"sumx","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=421","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"supramammillary commissure","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"commissure of Forel","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"supramammillary decussation","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"6"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"supramammillary decussation","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"6"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"postmammillary decussation","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"commissure y","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Commissura supramamillaris","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Commissura supramammillaris","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Decussation supramamillaris","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"commissura sopramammillare","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"posterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"411","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=411","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"posterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"411","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=411","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"posterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"411","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=411","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"posterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"411","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=411","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"hypothalamus related medial forebrain bundle system","parentNeuroNamesId":"3024","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3024","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"422","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"405","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"White Primary Structure","standardName":"principal mammillary tract","standardAcronym":"mpr","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=422","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"principal mammillary tract (Kölliker)","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"mammillary princeps fasciculus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"mammillary princeps fasciculus","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"principle mamillary fasciculus","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"principal mammillary fasciculus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"principal mammillary tract","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculus mamillaris princeps","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Fasciculus mamillaris princeps","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculus mammillaris princeps","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca nemestrina","synonymName":"Fasciculus mammillaris princeps","synonymSource":"Winters-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Brain Atlas For Macaca nemestrina","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculus mamillaris","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fascicolo mammillare principale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"fascículo mamilar principal","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"posterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"411","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=411","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"posterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"411","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=411","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"posterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"411","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=411","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"posterior hypothalamic region","parentNeuroNamesId":"411","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=411","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medial forebrain bundle system, hypothalamus mammillary related","parentNeuroNamesId":"3029","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3029","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"423","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"406","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"White Primary Structure","standardName":"mammillotegmental fasciculus","standardAcronym":"mtg","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=423","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"mammillotegmental tract (Gudden)","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat 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\r\nVolume 3: Nervensystem und Sinnesorgane","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"grandi cellule del nucleo rosso","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"крупноклеточная часть","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"red nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"505","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=505","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"red nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"505","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=505","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"red nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"505","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=505","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"red nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"505","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=505","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"red nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"505","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=505","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"red nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"505","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=505","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"508","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"499","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"White Primary Structure","standardName":"capsule of the red nucleus","standardAcronym":"cr","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=508","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"capsule of red nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"capsule of the red nucleus","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"capsule of red nucleus","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Capsula nuclei rubris tegmenti","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus ruber, capsula","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Kapsel des roten Kerns","synonymSource":"Kahle-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"Taschenatlas der Anatomie
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Extending approximately from the posterior commissure rostrally to the locus ceruleus caudally, it is bounded dorsally by the commissure of the inferior colliculus and commissure of the superior colliculi; it is bounded laterally by the tectospinal tract and the mesencephalic tract of the trigeminal nerve ( Carrive-2012 ). Identified classically by Nissl stain, it is found in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ), macaque ( Martin-2000 ), rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). \r\nThe periaqueductal gray is distinguished from the cellular structures ventral to the aqueduct by its homogeneity. Indistinct internal boundaries have been identified on the basis of the shapes and sizes of cells, but they have resulted in several different segmentations within and across species. The simplest segmentation reported to show a similar pattern across species is based on multiple criteria including, in particular, segmentation on the basis of differential staining for NADPH-diaphorase (nitric oxide synthase) ( Carrive-2012 ). Areas stained with greater or lesser intensity for that enzyme are grouped alternately into four longitudinal columns. In cross-section each column is narrowest at the aqueductal surface and widens toward the outer surface. The surface abutting the aqueduct is lined by ependyma ( Paxinos-2012). The four columns are the dorsomedial periaqueductal gray, dorsolateral periaqueductal gray, lateral periaqueductal gray, and ventrolateral periaqueductal gray. \r\nOther substructures include the intercalated periaqueductal gray, supraoculomotor cap, pleioglia periaqueductal gray, and the nucleus of Darkshevich; some authors consider the supraoculomotor nucleus a component ( Paxinos-2001; Paxinos-2009a; Paxinos-2009b; Paxinos-2012 ). Authors differ as to whether these other structures are to be regarded as parts of the longitudinal columns or as independent structures ( Carrive-2012; Paxinos-2012 ). \r\nFunctionally the periaqueductal gray belongs to the behavior control column of the motor system ( Swanson-2004 ). 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Before the twentieth century the combination was called 'hindbrain' and 'metencephalon' was considered a synonym of pons ( Swanson-2015 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"metensefalon","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"otak-belakang","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"metencephalon","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"190"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"epencephalon-2","synonymSource":"Dorland-1974","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Illustrated Medical 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The nerve is composed of axons to and from several trigeminal nuclei in the midbrain and hindbrain. The bundles of axons located within the brain are referred to as trigeminal nerve fibers, tracts and roots. 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Located in the midline of the pontine reticular formation it is bounded laterally by the paramedian raphe nucleus. It is found in the human ( Hornung-2012 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat, ( Swanson-2004 ), and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). Functionally it is part of the behavioral state system, where it is known as the superior central nucleus raphe, medial part ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nukleus sentral superior","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleus centralis superior","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"53"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superior central nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"21"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"superior central nucleus","synonymSource":"Szabo-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"A stereotaxic atlas of the brain of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)","pubMedHits":"21"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superior central tegmental nucleus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"superior central nucleus, medial part","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"median raphe nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Organization of Brainstem Nuclei","pubMedHits":"477"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"median nucleus of the raphe","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"central superior nucleus of the raphe, medial part","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"superior central nucleus raphe, medial part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"medial part of the superior central nucleus of the raphe","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus centralis superior","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"34"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Nucleus centralis superior","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"34"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus fusiformis raphes","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus superior raphes","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo mediano del rafe (Carpenter)","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo centrale superiore","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"pontine reticular formation","parentNeuroNamesId":"561","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=561","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine reticular formation","parentNeuroNamesId":"561","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=561","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine reticular formation","parentNeuroNamesId":"561","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=561","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine reticular formation","parentNeuroNamesId":"561","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=561","brainStructureType":"Volumetric 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nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"6"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"inferior central nucleus of raphe","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"inferior central nucleus (of Roller)","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"inferior central tegmental nucleus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"inferior central nucleus of the pontine reticular formation","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus centralis inferior","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus tegmentalis centralis inferior","synonymSource":"Olszewski-1954","synonymSourceTitle":"Cytoarchitecture Of The Human Brainstem","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo centrale inferiore","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"pontine reticular formation","parentNeuroNamesId":"561","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=561","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine reticular 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Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"nucleus of the medial eminence","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleus of eminentia teres","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus eminentiae teretis","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Nucleus eminentiae teretis","synonymSource":"Snider-1961","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Monkey Brain (Macaca mulatta)","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo dell'eminenza mediale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"ядро медиального возвышения","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Mozga Cheloveka (Atlas of the Human Brain)","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"pontine reticular formation","parentNeuroNamesId":"561","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=561","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine reticular formation","parentNeuroNamesId":"561","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=561","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine reticular formation","parentNeuroNamesId":"561","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=561","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine reticular formation","parentNeuroNamesId":"561","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=561","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"565","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"560","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"rostral pontine reticular nucleus","standardAcronym":"PnO","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=565","cDefinition":"refers to the largest cellular component of the pontine reticular formation ( Carpenter-1983 ). Identified by Nissl stain, it is variously continuous across the midline or bounded medially by the raphe nuclei (classical) and the tectospinal tract. It is bounded ventrally by the reticulotegmental nucleus, the medial lemniscus of the pons and associated pathways. Laterally it is bounded largely by the lateral lemniscus and dorsally by the ventral tegmental nucleus, the superior cerebellar peduncle of the pons and the pedunculopontine nucleus. It is bounded rostrally by the ventral tegmental area and caudally by the caudal pontine reticular nucleus. It is found in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). Functionally it is part of the behavioral state system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleus reticularis pontis oralis","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"pontine reticular nucleus, oral part","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"oral pontine reticular nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"35"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"oral pontine reticular nucleus","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"35"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"pontine reticular nucleus, rostral part","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"pontine reticular nucleus rostral part","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"rostral pontine reticular nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Nucleus reticularis pontis oralis","synonymSource":"Oertel-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"Zur zyto- und myeloarchitektonik des Rhombencephalon des Rhesusaffen (Macaca mulatta Zimmerman)","pubMedHits":"72"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Nucleus reticularis pontis, pars oralis","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo reticolare pontino orale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo reticolare, parte orale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo reticolare orale del ponte","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"núcleo reticular protuberancial oral","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"pontine reticular formation","parentNeuroNamesId":"561","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=561","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine reticular formation","parentNeuroNamesId":"561","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=561","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine reticular formation","parentNeuroNamesId":"561","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=561","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine reticular formation","parentNeuroNamesId":"561","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=561","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"behavioral state system","parentNeuroNamesId":"2875","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2875","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"566","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"561","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"caudal pontine reticular nucleus","standardAcronym":"PnC","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=566","cDefinition":"refers to a major cellular component of the reticular formation (classical) in the pontine reticular formation ( Carpenter-1983 ). Identified by Nissl stain, it is variously described as continuous across the midline or bounded medially by the raphe nuclei (classical) and the reticulotegmental nucleus. It is bounded dorsomedially by the medial longitudinal fasciculus of the pons, ventromedially by the trapezoid body and ventrolaterally by the superior olivary complex . The remainder of its boundaries are defined by several smaller reticular and cranial nerve nuclei. It is bounded rostrally by the rostral pontine reticular nucleus and caudally by the central medullary reticular group. It is found in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ), the macaque ( Martin-2000 ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). Some authors distinguish the most ventromedial portion as the ventral part of the pontine reticular nucleus ( Hof-2000; Paxinos-2009b ). \r\nIn the rat the majority of noradrenergic neurons of the A5 cell group are located in this nucleus. Functionally it belongs to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nukleus retikular pons kaudal","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"caudal pontine reticular nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"53"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"pontine reticular nucleus, caudal part","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"pontine reticular nucleus caudal part","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"66"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Nucleus reticularis pontis, pars caudalis","synonymSource":"Oertel-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"Zur zyto- und myeloarchitektonik des Rhombencephalon des Rhesusaffen (Macaca mulatta Zimmerman)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo reticolare caudale pontino","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo reticolare pontino caudale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo reticolare, parte caudale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"núcleo reticular protuberancial caudal","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"pontine reticular formation","parentNeuroNamesId":"561","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=561","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine reticular formation","parentNeuroNamesId":"561","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=561","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine reticular formation","parentNeuroNamesId":"561","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=561","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine reticular formation","parentNeuroNamesId":"561","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=561","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"reticular formation (functional)","parentNeuroNamesId":"2915","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2915","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"567","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"562","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"pontine central gray","standardAcronym":"CGPn","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=567","cDefinition":"refers to a relatively thin layer of cells in the dorsal pontine tegmentum. It forms the floor of the fourth ventricle. Major bounding structures are the medial longitudinal fasciculus of the pons ventrally, the locus ceruleus laterally, and the midline medially. Continuous with the periaqueductal gray rostrally and the central gray of the medulla caudally, it is found in the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), the macaque ( Martin-2000 ), the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ), and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). \r\nFive small nuclei are embedded in the pontine central gray. Authors differ with regard to the identities of certain of them. All identify four: the dorsal tegmental nucleus, Barrington's nucleus, supragenual nucleus and laterodorsal tegmental nucleus. The fifth for some authors is the lateral tegmental nucleus ( Swanson-2004 ). For others the fifth is the posterodorsal tegmental nucleus ( Paxinos-2012; Paxinos-2009a; Paxinos-2009b; Franklin-2008 ). \r\nThe pontine central gray and most of the embedded nuclei are included in the functionally defined dorsal pontine gray of Swanson-2004.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"central gray of the pons","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"central gray substance of pons","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"central gray substance of the pons","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"central gray of pons","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"pontine central gray","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"16"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"central grey of the Pons","synonymSource":"AIBS","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Institute for Brain Science","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Substantia grisea centralis","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"49"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Griseum periventriculare","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"12"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Griseum centrale pontis","synonymSource":"Oertel-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"Zur zyto- und myeloarchitektonik des Rhombencephalon des Rhesusaffen (Macaca mulatta Zimmerman)","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"pontine reticular formation","parentNeuroNamesId":"561","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=561","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine reticular formation","parentNeuroNamesId":"561","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=561","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine reticular formation","parentNeuroNamesId":"561","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=561","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine reticular formation","parentNeuroNamesId":"561","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=561","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"dorsal pontine gray","parentNeuroNamesId":"2901","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2901","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"568","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"563","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"reticulotegmental nucleus","standardAcronym":"RtTg","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=568","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells at the ventral extreme of the pontine tegmentum adjacent to the basal pons. It is found in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ), the macaque ( Martin-2000 ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). In the human it is subdivided into three parts: the medial tegmental process, the lateral tegmental process and the supralemniscal process ( Crosby-1962 ). Functionally it belongs to the postcerebellar and precerebellar nuclei of the behavior control column ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleus reticulotegmentalis","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nukleus retikulotegmental","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"tegmental reticular nucleus, pontine gray (Bechterew)","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"reticulotegmental nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"28"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"reticulotegmental nucleus","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"28"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"reticulotegmental nucleus of pons","synonymSource":"Szabo-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"A stereotaxic atlas of the brain of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"reticulotegmental nucleus of pons","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"tegmental reticular nucleus, pontine gray","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"reticulotegmental pontine nucleus","synonymSource":"Jones-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"BrainMaps.org","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"tegmental reticular nucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure Of The Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"19"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"146"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo reticolo tegmentale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo reticolotegmentale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"ретикулярное ядро покрышки моста","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"núcleo reticulotegmentario","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"pontine reticular formation","parentNeuroNamesId":"561","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=561","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine reticular formation","parentNeuroNamesId":"561","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=561","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine reticular formation","parentNeuroNamesId":"561","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=561","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine reticular formation","parentNeuroNamesId":"561","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=561","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"ventral pontine gray","parentNeuroNamesId":"1488","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1488","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"569","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"564","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","standardName":"superior olivary complex","standardAcronym":"SOlC","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=569","cDefinition":"refers to a combination of nuclei and regions in the ventral pontine tegmentum. Identified on the basis of topology it is bounded ventrally by fibers of the trapezoid body ( Carpenter-1983 ). It is composed of the superior olive, the trapezoid nucleus, and the periolivary region( Amunts-2012 ). Functionally it is part of the subcortical auditory system ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superior olivary complex","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"429"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"superior olivary complex","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"429"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"superior olivary complex","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"429"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superior olivary nucleus (Barr & Kiernan)","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Regio olivaris superioris","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"oberer Olivenkomplex","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"complesso nucleare olivare superiore","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"oliva superiore","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo olivare superiore","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"верхнее оливное ядро","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"núcleos olivares superiores","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"complejo nuclear olivar superior","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"pontine tegmentum","parentNeuroNamesId":"557","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=557","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine tegmentum","parentNeuroNamesId":"557","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=557","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine tegmentum","parentNeuroNamesId":"557","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=557","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine tegmentum","parentNeuroNamesId":"557","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=557","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine tegmentum","parentNeuroNamesId":"557","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=557","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine tegmentum","parentNeuroNamesId":"557","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=557","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"570","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"565","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","standardName":"superior olive","standardAcronym":"SOl","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=570","cDefinition":"refers to one of three components of the superior olivary complex. Identified by topology it is composed of the medial superior olivary nucleus and the lateral superior olivary nucleus ( Carpenter-1983 ). The other parts of the complex are the periolivary region and the trapezoid nucleus ( Amunts-2012 ). Functionally it is part of the subcortical auditory system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nukleus olivari superior","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"superior olivary nucleus","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superior olive","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"537"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"superior olive","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"537"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"superior olive","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"537"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superior olivary nuclei","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"55"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"superior olivary nucleus","synonymSource":"Szabo-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"A stereotaxic atlas of the brain of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)","pubMedHits":"162"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"superior olivary complex (Schroeder van der Kolk)","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Oliva superior","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus olivaris superioris","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus olivaris superior","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"8"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus olivaris rostralis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus olivaris metencephali","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo olivare superiore","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"ядро сверхней оливы","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"superior olivary complex","parentNeuroNamesId":"569","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=569","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"superior olivary complex","parentNeuroNamesId":"569","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=569","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"superior olivary complex","parentNeuroNamesId":"569","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=569","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"superior olivary complex","parentNeuroNamesId":"569","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=569","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"superior olivary complex","parentNeuroNamesId":"569","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=569","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"superior olivary complex","parentNeuroNamesId":"569","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=569","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"571","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"566","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"lateral superior olivary nucleus","standardAcronym":"LSO","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=571","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nukleus lateral olivari superior","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"superior olivary complex, lateral part","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral superior olivary nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"69"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"lateral superior olivary nucleus","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"69"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral superior olive","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"309"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"lateral superior olive","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"309"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"accessory superior olive","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"accessory olivary nucleus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"20"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"accessory superior olivary nucleus","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"superior olivary nucleus, lateral part","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Nucleus olivaris superior lateralis","synonymSource":"Oertel-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"Zur zyto- und myeloarchitektonik des Rhombencephalon des Rhesusaffen (Macaca mulatta Zimmerman)","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"superior olive","parentNeuroNamesId":"570","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=570","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"superior olive","parentNeuroNamesId":"570","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=570","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"superior olive","parentNeuroNamesId":"570","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=570","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"superior olive","parentNeuroNamesId":"570","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=570","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"superior olive","parentNeuroNamesId":"570","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=570","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"superior olive","parentNeuroNamesId":"570","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=570","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"superior olivary nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"3365","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3365","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"572","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"567","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"medial superior olivary nucleus","standardAcronym":"MSO","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=572","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nukleus medial olivari superior","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial superior olivary nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"37"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"medial superior olivary nucleus","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"37"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial superior olive","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"150"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"medial superior olive","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"150"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"chief superior olivary nucleus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"chief nucleus of superior olive","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"principal superior olivary nucleus","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"main superior olivary nucleus","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"superior olivary nucleus, medial part","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"superior olivary complex, medial part","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Nucleus olivaris superior medialis","synonymSource":"Oertel-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"Zur zyto- und myeloarchitektonik des Rhombencephalon des Rhesusaffen (Macaca mulatta Zimmerman)","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"superior olive","parentNeuroNamesId":"570","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=570","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"superior olive","parentNeuroNamesId":"570","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=570","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"superior olive","parentNeuroNamesId":"570","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=570","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"superior olive","parentNeuroNamesId":"570","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=570","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"superior olive","parentNeuroNamesId":"570","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=570","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"superior olive","parentNeuroNamesId":"570","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=570","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"superior olivary nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"3365","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3365","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"573","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"568","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"preolivary nucleus - obsolete","standardAcronym":"PrO","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=573","cDefinition":"N/A","parents":[{"parentStandardName":"superior olivary complex","parentNeuroNamesId":"569","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=569","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"superior olivary complex","parentNeuroNamesId":"569","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=569","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"superior olivary complex","parentNeuroNamesId":"569","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=569","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"574","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"569","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"periolivary region","standardAcronym":"PeO","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=574","cDefinition":"refers to neurons that surround the superior olive. Identified by Nissl substance they together with the superior olive and the trapezoid nucleus constitute the superior olivary complex ( Carpenter-1983 ). The grouping of cells identified in different species varies by author. \r\nIn humans the dorsomedial periolivary nucleus is most clearly identified; less consistently identified are the medial periolivary nucleus, ventral periolivary nucleus, and rostral periolivary region ( Amunts-2012 ). In the macaque the groups include the dorsal periolivary region, medioventral periolivary nucleus, lateroventral periolivary nucleus, and superior paraolivary nucleus ( Paxinos-2009a ). Some authors distinguish the same subdivisions in the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). Others report that in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ) the neurons are not sufficiently organized to be reliably subgrouped. Functionally the periolivary region is part of the subcortical auditory system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"periolivary nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"41"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"periolivary nuclei","synonymSource":"Amunts-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Auditory System","pubMedHits":"47"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"periolivary region","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"29"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Nucleus periolivaris","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"superior olivary complex","parentNeuroNamesId":"569","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=569","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"superior olivary complex","parentNeuroNamesId":"569","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=569","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"superior olivary complex","parentNeuroNamesId":"569","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=569","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"superior olivary nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"3365","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3365","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"575","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"570","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Primary Structure","standardName":"retro-olivary cell group","standardAcronym":"RO","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=575","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"retro-olivary cell group","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Nucleus retro-olivaris","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"superior olivary complex","parentNeuroNamesId":"569","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=569","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"superior olivary complex","parentNeuroNamesId":"569","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=569","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"superior olivary complex","parentNeuroNamesId":"569","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=569","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"576","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"571","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"trapezoid nucleus","standardAcronym":"Tz","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=576","cDefinition":"refers to one of four components of the superior olivary complex as classically defined by Nissl stain in the human. It is located ventrally in the pontine tegmentum. The other components of the complex are the superior olive and the periolivary region ( Carpenter-1983 ). Some authors describe it as indistinctly divisible into a medial trapezoid nucleus and lateral trapezoid nucleus ( Crosby-1962 ). More recent studies based on multiple stains for calcium binding proteins failed to demonstrate a distinct group of cells identifiable as the trapezoid nucleus in the human ( Bazwinsky-2003 ). \r\nEmbedded in the dorsal portion of the trapezoid body ventral to the pontine reticular formation and lateral to the medial lemniscus of the pons, it is found in the macaque ( Bazwinsky-2005; Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ), and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). Functionally the trapezoid nucleus is part of the subcortical auditory system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nukleus trapezoid","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleus corpus trapezoid","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"trapezoid nuclei","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"8"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"nuclei of trapezoid body","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"nuclei of trapezoid body","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"trapezoid gray","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"nucleus of trapezoid body","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"trapezoid nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"medial nucleus of the trapezoid body","synonymSource":"Ehret-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"The Central Auditory System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"nucleus of the trapezoid body","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Nucleus corporis trapezoidei","synonymSource":"Oertel-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"Zur zyto- und myeloarchitektonik des Rhombencephalon des Rhesusaffen (Macaca mulatta Zimmerman)","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Nucleus trapezoidalis","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nuclei del corpo trapezoide","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo del corpo trapezoide","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"superior olivary complex","parentNeuroNamesId":"569","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=569","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"superior olivary complex","parentNeuroNamesId":"569","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=569","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"superior olivary complex","parentNeuroNamesId":"569","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=569","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"superior olivary complex","parentNeuroNamesId":"569","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=569","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"superior olivary complex","parentNeuroNamesId":"569","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=569","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"superior olivary complex","parentNeuroNamesId":"569","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=569","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"subcortical auditory system","parentNeuroNamesId":"2888","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2888","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"577","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"572","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"White Primary Structure","standardName":"olivocochlear bundle","standardAcronym":"ocb","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=577","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"berkas koklear eferen","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"berkas olivokoklear","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"olivocochlear bundle","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"153"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"efferent cochlear bundle","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"olivocochlear bundle of Rasmussen","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus olivocochlearis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fascio cocleare efferente","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fascio olivococleare","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"оливоулитковый путь","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"fascículo coclear eferente","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"fascículo olivococlear","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"superior olivary complex","parentNeuroNamesId":"569","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=569","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"superior olivary complex","parentNeuroNamesId":"569","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=569","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"superior olivary complex","parentNeuroNamesId":"569","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=569","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"578","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"573","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Primary Structure","standardName":"peduncle of the superior olive","standardAcronym":"pso","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=578","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"efferent cochlear bundle","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1991","synonymSourceTitle":"Core Text of Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"peduncle of the superior olive","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"peduncle of superior olivary nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"stalk of the superior olive","synonymSource":"Brash-1947","synonymSourceTitle":"Cunningham's Text-Book of Anatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Pedunculus olivae superioris","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"ножка верхней оливы","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"pedúnculo de la oliva superior","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"rama coclear eferente","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"superior olivary complex","parentNeuroNamesId":"569","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=569","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"superior olivary complex","parentNeuroNamesId":"569","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=569","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"superior olivary complex","parentNeuroNamesId":"569","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=569","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"579","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"574","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","standardName":"facial nerve fibers","standardAcronym":"7nf","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=579","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"facial nerve fibers","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"28"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"facial nerve fibers","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"28"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"root of facial nerve","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"central part of facial nerve","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Fibrae nervi facialis","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibre della radice del N. VII","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"pontine tegmentum","parentNeuroNamesId":"557","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=557","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine tegmentum","parentNeuroNamesId":"557","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=557","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine tegmentum","parentNeuroNamesId":"557","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=557","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine tegmentum","parentNeuroNamesId":"557","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=557","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine tegmentum","parentNeuroNamesId":"557","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=557","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine tegmentum","parentNeuroNamesId":"557","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=557","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"580","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"575","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"White Primary Structure","standardName":"ascending fibers of the facial 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VII","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo faciale (motore)","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"ядро лицевого нерва","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"двигательное ядро лицевого нерва","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"pontine tegmentum","parentNeuroNamesId":"557","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=557","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine tegmentum","parentNeuroNamesId":"557","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=557","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine tegmentum","parentNeuroNamesId":"557","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=557","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine tegmentum","parentNeuroNamesId":"557","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=557","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine tegmentum","parentNeuroNamesId":"557","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=557","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine tegmentum","parentNeuroNamesId":"557","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=557","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"somatic motoneuron pools","parentNeuroNamesId":"3394","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3394","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"587","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"582","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"medial parabrachial nucleus","standardAcronym":"MPB","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=587","cDefinition":"refers to one of three or four components (in different species) of the parabrachial nuclei of the pontine tegmentum. It is located adjacent to the medial surface of the superior cerebellar peduncle of the pons. In the human ( Paxinos-2012 ) and the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ) an external part is identified separately. Some authors subdivide it similarly in the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and mouse ( Franklin-2008 ).\r\nFunctionally it is divided into three parts in the rat: medial medial, external medial, and ventral medial parts ( Swanson-2004 ). The comparable segmentation in the mouse includes only medial medial and external medial parts ( Dong-2004 ). Functionally the nucleus belongs to the viscerosensory nuclei ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"parabrachial nucleus, medial division","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial parabrachial nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"59"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"medial parabrachial nucleus","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"59"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"medial parabrachial nucleus","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"59"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"parabrachial nucleus, medial part","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Nucleus parabrachialis medialis","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"27"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nuclei parabrachiali mediali","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"pontine tegmentum","parentNeuroNamesId":"557","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=557","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine tegmentum","parentNeuroNamesId":"557","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=557","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine tegmentum","parentNeuroNamesId":"557","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=557","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine tegmentum","parentNeuroNamesId":"557","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=557","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine tegmentum","parentNeuroNamesId":"557","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=557","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine tegmentum","parentNeuroNamesId":"557","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=557","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"parabrachial nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"1927","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1927","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"588","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"583","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"lateral parabrachial nucleus","standardAcronym":"LPB","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=588","cDefinition":"refers to one of three or four components (in different species) of the parabrachial nuclei of the pontine tegmentum. It is located adjacent to the lateral surface of the superior cerebellar peduncle of the pons. In the human it is subdivided into four parts: central, dorsal, external, and superior ( Paxinos-2012 ). In the macaque it has central, dorsal, external, and ventral parts ( Paxinos-2009a ). \r\nIn rodents it is more differentiated. In the rat seven parts are identified: central, dorsal, external, extreme, internal, superior, and ventral ( Swanson-2004 ); in the mouse it has five: central, dorsal, external, superior, and ventral ( Dong-2004 ). Some authors find an internal part in the mouse as well ( Franklin-2008 ). Functionally the nucleus belongs to the viscerosensory nuclei ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral parabrachial nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"340"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"lateral parabrachial nucleus","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"340"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"lateral parabrachial nucleus","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"340"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"parabrachial nucleus, lateral division","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Nucleus parabrachialis lateralis","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"6"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nuclei parabrachiali laterali","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"pontine tegmentum","parentNeuroNamesId":"557","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=557","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine tegmentum","parentNeuroNamesId":"557","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=557","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine tegmentum","parentNeuroNamesId":"557","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=557","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine tegmentum","parentNeuroNamesId":"557","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=557","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine tegmentum","parentNeuroNamesId":"557","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=557","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine tegmentum","parentNeuroNamesId":"557","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=557","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"parabrachial nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"1927","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1927","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"589","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"584","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"nucleus raphe pontis","standardAcronym":"RPn","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=589","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleus raphae pontis","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"pontine raphe nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"8"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"pontine raphe nucleus","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"8"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"raphe of pons","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"raphe pontis nucleus","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"6"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"nucleus raphe pontis","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Raphe (mediana pontina)","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus raphe pontis","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"21"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Nucleus raphe pontis","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"21"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Nucleus raphes pontis","synonymSource":"Oertel-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"Zur zyto- und myeloarchitektonik des Rhombencephalon des Rhesusaffen (Macaca mulatta Zimmerman)","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Raphe pontis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"59"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo del rafe pontino","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo pontino del rafe","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"шов (срединный мостовой)","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"pontine tegmentum","parentNeuroNamesId":"557","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=557","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine tegmentum","parentNeuroNamesId":"557","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=557","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine tegmentum","parentNeuroNamesId":"557","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=557","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine tegmentum","parentNeuroNamesId":"557","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=557","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine tegmentum","parentNeuroNamesId":"557","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=557","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine tegmentum","parentNeuroNamesId":"557","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=557","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"raphe nuclei (classical)","parentNeuroNamesId":"2495","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2495","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"raphe nuclei (functional)","parentNeuroNamesId":"3382","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3382","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"590","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"585","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"superior salivatory nucleus","standardAcronym":"SuS","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=590","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nukleus salivatori superior","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superior salivatory nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"61"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus salivatorius cranialis","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus salivatorius superior","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus salivatorius rostralis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus salivarius superior","synonymSource":"Nomina-1989","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"oberer Speichelkern","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo salivatorio superiore","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"парасимпатическое слюноотделительное ядро","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"верхнее слюноотделительное ядро","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"pontine tegmentum","parentNeuroNamesId":"557","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=557","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine tegmentum","parentNeuroNamesId":"557","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=557","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine tegmentum","parentNeuroNamesId":"557","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=557","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"parasympathetic preganglionic pools","parentNeuroNamesId":"2934","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2934","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - 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Found in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ), the macaque ( Martin-2000 ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ), it is composed of pontine nuclei, longitudinal pontine fibers, transverse pontine fibers and the middle cerebellar peduncle. The other part of the pons is the pontine tegmentum ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"pons murni","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"bagian basilar pons","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"pons proper","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventral pons","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"basal part of pons","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"basal part of the pons","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"pons proper","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventral portion of pons","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"base of pons","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"basal portion of pons","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"basilar pons","synonymSource":"Neafsey-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Medical Neuroscience","pubMedHits":"46"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"basilar part of pons","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"basal pons","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"19"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Pars basilaris pontis","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Pars ventralis pontis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Basis pontis","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"114"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Pars anterior pontis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1989","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Brückenfuß","synonymSource":"Kahle-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"Taschenatlas der Anatomie
\r\nVolume 3: Nervensystem und Sinnesorgane","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"portzione basale del ponte","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"parte ventrale del ponte","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"parte basilare del ponte","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"передняя часть моста","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"вентральная часть моста","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"базальная часть моста","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"базилярная часть моста","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"основание моста","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Mozga Cheloveka (Atlas of the Human Brain)","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"parte ventral de la protuberancia","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"parte basilar de la protuberancia","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"pons","parentNeuroNamesId":"547","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=547","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pons","parentNeuroNamesId":"547","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=547","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"pons","parentNeuroNamesId":"547","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=547","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pons","parentNeuroNamesId":"547","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=547","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pons","parentNeuroNamesId":"547","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=547","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pons","parentNeuroNamesId":"547","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=547","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"617","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"613","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"pontine nuclei","standardAcronym":"Pn","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=617","cDefinition":"refers to groups of cells embedded in the myelinated tracts of the basal pons. 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mulatta","synonymName":"Nucleus vestibularis magnocellularis","synonymSource":"Oertel-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"Zur zyto- und myeloarchitektonik des Rhombencephalon des Rhesusaffen (Macaca mulatta Zimmerman)","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo vestibolare laterale di Deiters","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo vestibolare laterale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"латеральное вестибулярное ядро","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"ядро 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Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"717","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"714","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"medial vestibular nucleus","standardAcronym":"MVe","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=717","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nukleus vestibular medial","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial vestibular nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"479"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"medial vestibular nucleus","synonymSource":"Szabo-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"A stereotaxic atlas of the brain of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)","pubMedHits":"479"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"medial vestibular nucleus","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"479"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Schwalbe's nucleus","synonymSource":"Oertel-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"Zur zyto- und myeloarchitektonik des Rhombencephalon des Rhesusaffen (Macaca mulatta Zimmerman)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleus of Schwalbe","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"triangular nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"15"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"principal vestibular nucleus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"chief vestibular nucleus","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal vestibular nucleus","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"5"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"medial vestibular nucleus (Schwalbe)","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus vestibularis medialis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"11"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Nucleus vestibularis medialis","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"11"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus vestibularis medialis (Schwalbe)","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo vestibolare mediale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"ядро Швальбе","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"медиальное вестибулярное ядро","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"медиальное преддверное ядро","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Mozga Cheloveka (Atlas of the Human Brain)","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"núcleo vestibular medial","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"vestibular nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"714","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=714","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"vestibular nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"714","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=714","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"vestibular nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"714","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=714","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"vestibular nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"714","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=714","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"vestibular nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"714","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=714","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"vestibular nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"714","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=714","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"vestibular nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"714","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=714","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"718","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"715","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"descending vestibular nucleus","standardAcronym":"IVe","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=718","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nukleus vestibular inferior","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"inferior vestibular nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"35"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"inferior vestibular nucleus","synonymSource":"Szabo-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"A stereotaxic atlas of the brain of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)","pubMedHits":"35"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"inferior vestibular nucleus","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"35"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"spinal vestibular nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"29"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"spinal vestibular nucleus","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"29"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"descending vestibular nucleus","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"49"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"caudal vestibular nucleus","synonymSource":"Williams-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"The Human Brain: Dissections of the Real Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus vestibularis inferior","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Nucleus vestibularis inferior","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus vestibularis caudalis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus vestibularis inferior (Roller)","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo vestibolare inferiore","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"ядро Роллера","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"нижнее вестибулярное ядро","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"нижнее преддверное ядро","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Mozga Cheloveka (Atlas of the Human Brain)","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"núcleo vestibular inferior","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"vestibular nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"714","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=714","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"vestibular nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"714","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=714","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"vestibular nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"714","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=714","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"vestibular nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"714","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=714","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"vestibular nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"714","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=714","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"vestibular nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"714","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=714","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"vestibular nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"714","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=714","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"719","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"716","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"interstitial nucleus of the vestibular nerve","standardAcronym":"ISVe","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=719","cDefinition":"refers to clusters of large nerve cells distributed in the vestibular component of vestibulocochlear nerve fibers in the human and the macaque ( Paxinos-2004 ), and the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). They are revealed in Nissl stained sections and stain for acetylcholinesterase. Functionally they belong to the vestibulomotor regions of the behavioral control column ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"interstitial nucleus of the vestibular nerve","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fuscata","synonymName":"interstitial nucleus of vestibular nerve","synonymSource":"Kusama-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Brain of Macaca fuscata","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"interstitial nucleus of vestibular nerve","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"interstitial nucleus of the eighth nerve","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"The Human Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Nucleus vestibularis interstitialis","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo interstiziale del nervo vestibolare","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"vestibular nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"714","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=714","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"vestibular nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"714","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=714","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"vestibular nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"714","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=714","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"vestibular nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"714","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=714","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"vestibular nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"714","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=714","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"vestibular nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"714","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=714","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"vestibulomotor regions","parentNeuroNamesId":"2900","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2900","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"720","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"717","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","standardName":"cochlear nuclei","standardAcronym":"Co","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=720","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure that protrudes from the lateral surface of the the medulla at its junction with the pons and the cerebellar peduncles. The cochlear component of the vestibulocochlear nerve enters it from below. Defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture it consists of the anteroventral cochlear nucleus, the posteroventral cochlear nucleus and the dorsal cochlear nucleus. In addition to the basic three nuclei the human has a superficial glial zone of the cochlear nuclei and a cap area of the ventral cochlear nuclei ( Moore-2004 ). The rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) have a subpeduncular granular region of the cochlear nuclei, a granular lamina of the cochlear nuclei, and an interstitial nucleus of the auditory nerve as parts of the same complex. Functionally they are part of the subcortical auditory system ( Swanson-2004 ).. ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nukleus koklear","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cochlear nuclei","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"470"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"cochlear nuclei","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"470"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"cochlear nuclei","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"470"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"cochlear nucleus","synonymSource":"Szabo-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"A stereotaxic atlas of the brain of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)","pubMedHits":"2198"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nuclei cochleares","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Cochleariskerne","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Kochleariskerne","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nuclei cocleari","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"слуховые ядра","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"улитковые ядра","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"698","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=698","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"698","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=698","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"698","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=698","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"698","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=698","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"698","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=698","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"698","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=698","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"subcortical auditory system","parentNeuroNamesId":"2888","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2888","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"721","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"718","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"dorsal cochlear nucleus","standardAcronym":"DCo","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=721","cDefinition":"refers to one of three cochlear nuclei identified by dissection and Nissl stain. It and the others, the anteroventral cochlear nucleus and the posteroventral cochlear nucleus, form a protrusion on the lateral surface of the medulla, where they are entered by the cochlear nerve and overlaid by the cerebellar flocculus. They are found in the human ( Moore-2004 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). The cochlear nuclei are classified as part of the subcortical auditory system in the functional CNS model ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleus cochlear dorsal","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nukleus koklear dorsal","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal cochlear nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"561"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"dorsal cochlear nucleus","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"561"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"dorsal cochlear nucleus","synonymSource":"Szabo-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"A stereotaxic atlas of the brain of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)","pubMedHits":"561"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"dorsal cochlear nucleus","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"561"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal division of cochlear nucleus","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus cochlearis dorsalis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Nucleus cochlearis dorsalis","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus cochlearis posterior","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo cocleare dorsale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"заднее улитковое ядро","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"дорсальное улитковое ядро","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cochlear nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"720","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=720","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"cochlear nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"720","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=720","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"cochlear nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"720","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=720","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"cochlear nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"720","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=720","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"cochlear nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"720","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=720","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"cochlear nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"720","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=720","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"cochlear nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"720","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=720","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"722","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"719","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","standardName":"ventral cochlear nuclei","standardAcronym":"VCo","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=722","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure located on the lateral surface of the medulla at its junction with the pons; it is entered there by the cochlear component of the vestibulocochlear nerve. In the human it consists of the anteroventral cochlear nucleus and the posteroventral cochlear nucleus ( Carpenter-1983 ). Some authors distinguish a cap area of the ventral cochlear nuclei ( Amunts-2012 ). The ventral cochlear nuclei, present in primates and rodents, are classified as part of the subcortical auditory system in the Functional CNS Model ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleus cochlear ventral","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nukleus koklear ventral","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventral cochlear nuclei","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"55"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"ventral cochlear nuclei","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"55"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"ventral cochlear nucleus","synonymSource":"Szabo-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"A stereotaxic atlas of the brain of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)","pubMedHits":"432"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"ventral cochlear nucleus","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"432"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventral division of cochlear nucleus","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"accessory cochlear nucleus","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus cochlearis ventralis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Nucleus cochlearis ventralis","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus cochlearis anterior","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Nucleus acustici accessorici","synonymSource":"Oertel-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"Zur zyto- und myeloarchitektonik des Rhombencephalon des Rhesusaffen (Macaca mulatta Zimmerman)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventrale Cochleariskerne","synonymSource":"Kahle-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"Taschenatlas der Anatomie
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It and the others, the posteroventral cochlear nucleus and the dorsal cochlear nucleus, form a protrusion on the lateral surface of the medulla, where they are entered by the cochlear component of the vestibulocochlear nerve and overlaid by the cerebellar flocculus. The cochlear nuclei are found in the human ( Moore-2004 ), the macaque ( NeuroNames ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). The boundary between the anteroventral and the posteroventral nuclei is less distinct in humans than in the other species ( Moore-2004 ). The cochlear nuclei are classified as part of the subcortical auditory system in the Functional CNS Model - Rat ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anteroventral cochlear nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"232"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anteroventral auditory nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Ventral coclear nucleus anterior part","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Anterior Ventral Cochlear Nucleus","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"31"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"ventral cochlear nucleus, anterior part","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"anterior part of the ventral cochlear nucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Nucleus cochlearis anteroventralis","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo cocleare anteroventrale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"ventral cochlear nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"722","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=722","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"ventral cochlear nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"722","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=722","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"ventral cochlear nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"722","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=722","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"ventral cochlear nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"722","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=722","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"ventral cochlear nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"722","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=722","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"724","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"721","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"posteroventral cochlear nucleus","standardAcronym":"PVCo","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=724","cDefinition":"refers to one of three cochlear nuclei identified by dissection and Nissl stain. It and the others, the anteroventral cochlear nucleus and the dorsal cochlear nucleus, form a protrusion on the lateral surface of the medulla where they are entered by the cochlear component of the vestibulocochlear nerve and overlaid by the cerebellar flocculus. They are found in the human ( Moore-2004 ), the macaque ( Dubach-2008 ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). The boundary between the anteroventral and the posteroventral nuclei is less distinct in humans than in the other species ( Moore-2004 ). The cochlear nuclei are classified as part of the subcortical auditory system in the Functional CNS Model - Rat ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posteroventral cochlear nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"82"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"ventral cochlear nucleus, posterior part","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"posterior part of the ventral cochlear nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"ventral coclear nucleus posterior part","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management 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nucleus","standardAcronym":"LRt","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=727","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells, classically defined on the basis of Nissl stain, that is located ventrolaterally in the medullary reticular formation of the human ( Carpenter-1983 ), the macaque ( Martin-2000 ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). In the rat and mouse it is subdivided into a magnocellular part of the lateral reticular nucleus and parvicellular part of the lateral reticular nucleus ( not to be confused with the parvicellular reticular nucleus ). The lateral reticular nucleus as defined by Nissl stain is not subdivided in most textbooks and brain atlases of primates. The A1 cell group of noradrenergic neurons is found in its vicinity ( Dahlstrom-1964; Felten-1983 ). Functionally it belongs to the postcerebellar and precerebellar nuclei of the behavior control column ( Swanson-2004 ).\r\nThe nucleus is also defined on the basis of multiple stains as consisting of three parts in the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), and the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and: the parvicellular part of the lateral reticular nucleus, the subtrigeminal part of the lateral reticular nucleus, and the lateral reticular nucleus proper. The nucleus proper and parvicellular part are found in the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). The location of the nucleus proper and subtrigeminal part suggests that the combination may be the multistain equivalent of the magnocellular part identified by Nissl stain. 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Some authors divide the nuclei of the human into three subnuclei: the dorsal paramedian reticular nucleus, the accessory paramedian reticular nucleus, and the ventral paramedian reticular nucleus ( Carpenter-1983 ). Functionally they belong to the postcerebellar and precerebellar nuclei of the behavior control column ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nukleus retikular paramedial","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"paramedial reticular nuclei","synonymSource":"Noback-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"The Human Nervous System: Basic Principles of Neurobiology","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"paramedian medullary reticular group","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"paramedian medullary reticular group","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"paramedian group (medullary reticular formation)","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"paramedian reticular nuclei","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"12"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"paramedian reticular nuclear group","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"paramedian reticular nucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"75"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Nuclei paramedianes myelencephali","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"Nucleus reticularis paramedianus myelencephali","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"gruppo nucleare paramediano","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"grupo nuclear reticular paramediano","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"medullary reticular formation","parentNeuroNamesId":"725","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=725","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medullary reticular formation","parentNeuroNamesId":"725","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=725","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"medullary reticular formation","parentNeuroNamesId":"725","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=725","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medullary reticular formation","parentNeuroNamesId":"725","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=725","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medullary reticular formation","parentNeuroNamesId":"725","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=725","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medullary reticular formation","parentNeuroNamesId":"725","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=725","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"postcerebellar and precerebellar nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"2897","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2897","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"735","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"732","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"dorsal paramedian reticular nucleus","standardAcronym":"DPRt","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=735","cDefinition":"refers to one of three cell groups comprising the paramedian reticular nuclei in the medullary reticular formation of the human. The others are the accessory paramedian reticular nucleus and the ventral paramedian reticular nucleus ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal paramedian reticular nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Nucleus reticularis paramedianus dorsalis","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"paramedian reticular nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"734","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=734","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"paramedian reticular nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"734","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=734","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"paramedian reticular nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"734","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=734","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"paramedian reticular nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"734","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=734","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"736","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"733","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"accessory paramedian reticular nucleus","standardAcronym":"APRt","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=736","cDefinition":"refers to one of three cell groups comprising the paramedian reticular nuclei in the medullary reticular formation of the human. The others are the dorsal paramedian reticular nucleus and the ventral paramedian reticular nucleus ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"accessory paramedian reticular nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Nucleus paramedianus accessorius","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"paramedian reticular nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"734","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=734","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"paramedian reticular nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"734","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=734","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"paramedian reticular nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"734","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=734","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"737","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"734","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"ventral paramedian reticular nucleus","standardAcronym":"VPRt","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=737","cDefinition":"refers to one of three cell groups comprising the paramedian reticular nuclei in the medullary reticular formation of the human. The others are the accessory paramedian reticular nucleus and the dorsal paramedian reticular nucleus ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventral paramedian reticular nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Nucleus reticularis paramedianus ventralis","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"paramedian reticular nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"734","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=734","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"paramedian reticular nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"734","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=734","brainStructureType":"Volumetric 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medulla oblongata","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"raphe nuclei of the medulla","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Nuclei raphe (myelencephali)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"698","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=698","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"698","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=698","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"698","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=698","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"698","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=698","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"698","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=698","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"698","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=698","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"739","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"736","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"nucleus raphe magnus","standardAcronym":"RMg","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=739","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleus raphe magnus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"509"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"nucleus raphe magnus","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"509"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"nucleus raphe magnus","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain 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medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"738","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=738","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"raphe nuclei of the medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"738","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=738","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"raphe nuclei of the medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"738","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=738","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"raphe nuclei of the medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"738","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=738","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"raphe nuclei of the medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"738","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=738","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"raphe nuclei of the medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"738","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=738","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"raphe nuclei (classical)","parentNeuroNamesId":"2495","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2495","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"raphe nuclei (functional)","parentNeuroNamesId":"3382","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3382","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS 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rafe","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"raphe nuclei of the medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"738","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=738","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"raphe nuclei of the medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"738","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=738","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"raphe nuclei of the medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"738","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=738","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"raphe nuclei of the medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"738","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=738","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"raphe nuclei of the medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"738","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=738","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"raphe nuclei of the medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"738","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=738","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"raphe nuclei (classical)","parentNeuroNamesId":"2495","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2495","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - 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medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"738","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=738","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"raphe nuclei of the medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"738","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=738","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"raphe nuclei of the medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"738","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=738","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"raphe nuclei of the medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"738","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=738","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"raphe nuclei (classical)","parentNeuroNamesId":"2495","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2495","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"raphe nuclei (functional)","parentNeuroNamesId":"3382","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3382","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"742","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"739","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","standardName":"solitary nucleus","standardAcronym":"Sol","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=742","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells in the medulla that is involved in the sensory component of autonomic systems that control visceral organs, such as the heart and lungs. It contains numerous subnuclei, which vary by species and method of identification. Classically the nucleus is divided into five subnuclei defined on the basis of topology as observed with Nissl staining ( Carpenter-1983; click Locus in Brain Hierarchy below.) A more recent segmentation based on multiple criteria identifies ten subnuclei ( Paxinos-2012 ). The latter approach identifies eleven subdivisions in the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), twelve subdivisions in the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ), and eleven in the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). \r\nAn alternate definition ( solitary nucleus (Swanson) ) is based on function in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ); it excludes the division involved in taste perception and consists of five subdivisions. 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Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"central gray substance of the medulla","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medullary central gray substance","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"central gray of the medulla","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Substantia grisea centralis","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"49"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Griseum periventriculare","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"12"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"sostanza grigia centrale del midollo allungato","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"698","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=698","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"698","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=698","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"698","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=698","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"698","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=698","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"698","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=698","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"698","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=698","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"757","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"754","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"hypoglossal nucleus","standardAcronym":"12","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=757","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nukleus hipoglosus","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"hypoglossal nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"636"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"hypoglossal nucleus","synonymSource":"Szabo-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"A stereotaxic atlas of the brain of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)","pubMedHits":"636"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"hypoglossal nucleus","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"636"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"hypoglossal nerve nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"6"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus nervi hypoglossi","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"10"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Nucleus nervi hypoglossi","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"10"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus hypoglossalis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca nemestrina","synonymName":"Nucleus hypoglossalis","synonymSource":"Winters-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Brain Atlas For Macaca nemestrina","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Hypoglossuskern","synonymSource":"Kahle-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"Taschenatlas der Anatomie
\r\nVolume 3: Nervensystem und Sinnesorgane","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo ipoglosso","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo dell'ipoglosso (N. 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Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"758","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"755","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"nucleus prepositus","standardAcronym":"PrP","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=758","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"prepositus nucleus (Marburg)","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleus prepositus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"170"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"nucleus prepositus","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"170"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"nucleus prepositus","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"170"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"prepositus nucleus","synonymSource":"Szabo-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"A stereotaxic atlas of the brain of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)","pubMedHits":"12"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"prepositus hypoglossal nucleus","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"44"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus prepositus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"170"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Nucleus praepositus","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"15"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fuscata","synonymName":"Nucleus prepositus hypoglossi","synonymSource":"Kusama-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Brain of Macaca fuscata","pubMedHits":"147"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Nucleus praepositus hypoglossi","synonymSource":"Oertel-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"Zur zyto- und myeloarchitektonik des Rhombencephalon des Rhesusaffen (Macaca mulatta Zimmerman)","pubMedHits":"11"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo preposito","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"núcleo prepositus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"698","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=698","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"698","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=698","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"698","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=698","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"698","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=698","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"698","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=698","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"698","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=698","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"perihypoglossal nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"1398","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1398","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - 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\r\nVolume 3: Nervensystem und Sinnesorgane","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus intercalatus","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"67"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Nucleus intercalatus","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"67"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo intercalato","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"вставочное ядро","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"núcleo intercalado","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"698","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=698","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"698","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=698","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"698","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=698","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"698","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=698","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"698","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=698","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"698","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=698","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"perihypoglossal nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"1398","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1398","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"760","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"757","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"diffuse reticular nucleus","standardAcronym":"DfRt","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=760","cDefinition":"refers to one of three or four components of the parabrachial nuclei in the functional segmentation of the pontine tegmentum of the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ), and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). It is located ventral to the superior cerebellar peduncle of the pons at the junction of two other components, the medial parabrachial nucleus and the lateral parabrachial nucleus. It is part of the respiratory center ( Carpenter-1983 ). Commonly referred to as the 'nucleus of Kolliker-Fuse', it was not always regarded as part of the parabrachial nuclei; classically they included only the medial and lateral nuclei ( Riley-1943; Jones-2005 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Kölliker-Fuse subnucleus of parabrachial nucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"diffuse reticular nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleus of Kolliker-Fuse","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Kölliker-Fuse subnucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"Klliker-Fuse nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009a","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain, Second Edition","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"K'lliker-Fuse nucleus","synonymSource":"Franklin-2008","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"parabrachial nucleus, waist part","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"parabrachial nucleus, Kölliker-Fuse subnucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Nucleus reticularis diffusus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus reticularis diffusus (Koelliker)","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Mixed","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"Kölliker-Fuse nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"698","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=698","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"698","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=698","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"698","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=698","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"698","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=698","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"698","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=698","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"698","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=698","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"parabrachial nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"1927","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1927","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"761","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"758","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"paratrigeminal nucleus","standardAcronym":"Pa5","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=761","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells located lateral to the spinal trigeminal tract of the medulla and medial to the spinocerebellar tracts at the level of the spinal trigeminal nucleus. The cells, identified by Nissl stain, are partially embedded in the adjacent tracts; their distribution varies by species. The paratrigeminal nucleus may represent an extension of the lateral cervical nucleus into the medulla ( Swanson-2004 ). It is found in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). In the functional model of central nervous system organization it is classified as part of the subcortical somatosensory system ( Swanson-2004 ) (see Models Where It Appears below).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"paratrigeminal nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"76"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"paratrigeminal nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"76"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"lateral cervical nucleus, trigeminal extension","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"paratrigeminal nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009a","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain, Second Edition","pubMedHits":"76"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Nucleus paratrigeminalis","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"1"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"698","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=698","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"698","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=698","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medulla","parentNeuroNamesId":"698","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=698","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"somatosensory 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It is composed of the rubrospinal tract of the midbrain, rubrospinal tract of the hindbrain and rubrospinal tract of the spinal cord.The description of this structure is based on studies in the rat, cat, and monkey ( Paxinos-2004 ). Clinical evidence for its existence in the human ( Terao-1996 ) has been challenged ( Kennedy-1997 ). A reference to it as 'retrospinal tract' in the header to Kennedy-1997 was apparently a labeling error.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"traktus rubrospinal","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"rubrospinal tract (Monakow)","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"rubrospinal tract","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"The Human Nervous System","pubMedHits":"121"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"retrospinal tract","synonymSource":"Kennedy-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Correspondence: Retrospinal tract","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus rubrospinalis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"tratto rubrospinale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"красноядерно-спинномозговой путь","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibras rubroespinales","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"haz rubroespinal","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"medullary white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"778","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=778","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medullary white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"778","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=778","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"medullary white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"778","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=778","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medullary white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"778","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=778","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medullary white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"778","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=778","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medullary white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"778","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=778","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"extrapyramidal fiber systems","parentNeuroNamesId":"3015","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3015","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"807","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"804","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"White Primary Structure","standardName":"dorsal spinocerebellar tract of the medulla","standardAcronym":"dsc","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=807","cDefinition":"refers to the part of the dorsal spinocerebellar tract in the medulla ( Martin-1997 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"dorsal spinocerebellar tract of the medulla","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"medullary white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"778","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=778","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medullary white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"778","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=778","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"medullary white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"778","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=778","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medullary white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"778","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=778","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medullary white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"778","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=778","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medullary white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"778","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=778","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"808","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"805","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"White Primary Structure","standardName":"ventral spinocerebellar tract","standardAcronym":"vsc","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=808","cDefinition":"refers to one of two spinocerebellar tracts. It arises in the lower lumbar segments of the spinal cord and ascends in the contralateral lateral white column. In the medulla the tract projects into the cerebellum via the inferior cerebellar peduncle and terminates in the anterior lobe of the cerebellum\r\n ( Carpenter-1983; Paxinos-2004 ). It includes the ventral spinocerebellar tract of the spinal cord, the ventral spinocerebellar tract of the medulla and the ventral spinocerebellar tract of the cerebellum. The other spinocerebellar tract is the dorsal spinocerebellar tract.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"traktus spinoserebelar anterior","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"ventral spinocerebellar tract (Gowers)","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventral spinocerebellar tract","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"23"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"ventral spinocerebellar tract","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"23"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"ventral spinocerebellar tract","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"23"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior spinocerebellar tract","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"anterior spinocerebellar tract","synonymSource":"Martin-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Primate Brain Maps: Structure Of The Macaque Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gower's tract","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus spinocerebellaris ventralis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus spinocerebellaris anterior","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Tractus spinocerebellaris anterior","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"tratto spinocerebellare anteriore","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"пучок Говерса","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"вентральный спинно-мозжечковый путь","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"передний спинно-мозжечковый путь","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"haz espinocerebeloso anterior","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"medullary white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"778","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=778","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medullary white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"778","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=778","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medullary white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"778","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=778","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"superior cerebellar peduncle","parentNeuroNamesId":"1736","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1736","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"809","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"806","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"White Primary Structure","standardName":"spino-olivary tracts","standardAcronym":"spo","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=809","cDefinition":"refers to a number of pathways that originate in the spinal cord and ascend to the olivary nuclei. The anterior spino-olivary tract and the posterior spino-olivary tract are the best defined. Some authors report that the olivospinal tract is, in fact, composed of spino-olivary fibers ( Carpenter-1983; Brodal-1950 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"traktus spinoolivar","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"spino-olivary tracts","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"spino-olivary pathways","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus spino-olivaris","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"tratto spino-olivare","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"tratto spinoolivare","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"спинно-оливный путь","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibras espinoolivares","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"haz espinoolivar","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"medullary white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"778","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=778","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medullary white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"778","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=778","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medullary white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"778","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=778","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"spinothalamic tract","parentNeuroNamesId":"2058","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2058","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"810","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"807","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"White Primary Structure","standardName":"spinothalamic tract of the medulla","standardAcronym":"stm","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=810","cDefinition":"refers to the part of the spinothalamic tract in the medulla. It is formed by merger of the anterior spinothalamic tract of the medulla and the lateral spinothalamic tract of the medulla (NeuroNames).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"spinothalamic tract of the medulla","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"spinothalamic tract of medulla","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"spinothalamic tract","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"391"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus spinothalamicus (myelencephali)","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Tractus spinothalamicus (myelencephali)","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"tratto spinotalamico","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"medullary white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"778","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=778","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medullary white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"778","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=778","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"medullary white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"778","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=778","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medullary white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"778","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=778","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medullary white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"778","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=778","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medullary white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"778","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=778","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"811","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"808","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"White Primary Structure","standardName":"tectobulbar tract","standardAcronym":"tb","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=811","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"tectobulbar tract","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"12"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus tectobulbaris","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"proiezioni tettobulbari","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"покрышечно-бульбарный путь","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"medullary white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"778","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=778","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medullary white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"778","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=778","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medullary white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"778","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=778","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"812","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"809","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"White Primary Structure","standardName":"vestibulospinal tracts","standardAcronym":"vs","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=812","cDefinition":"refers to two fiber bundles: the lateral vestibulospinal tract and the medial vestibulospinal tract ( Crosby-1962; Paxinos-2004 ).\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"traktus vestibulospinal","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"vestibulospinal tract","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"80"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"vestibulospinal tract","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"80"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"vestibulospinal pathway","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"10"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"vestibulospinal pathway","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"10"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"vestibulospinal tracts","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"20"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Tractus vestibulospinalis","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"tratto vestibolospinale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"преддверно-спинномозговой путь","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"haz vestibuloespinal","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"medullary white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"778","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=778","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medullary white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"778","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=778","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medullary white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"778","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=778","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medullary white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"778","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=778","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medullary white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"778","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=778","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"extrapyramidal fiber systems","parentNeuroNamesId":"3015","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3015","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"813","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"63505126","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"White Primary Structure","standardName":"fusiform white matter","standardAcronym":"fuw","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=813","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"fusiform white matter","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-2000","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Substantia medullaris fusiformis","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-2000","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"temporal white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"847","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=847","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"temporal white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"847","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=847","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"temporal white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"847","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=847","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"814","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"210592544","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"White Primary Structure","standardName":"entorhinal white matter","standardAcronym":"entw","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=814","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"entorhinal white matter","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-2000","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Substantia medullaris entorhinalis","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-2000","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"parahippocampal white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"822","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=822","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"parahippocampal white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"822","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=822","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"parahippocampal white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"822","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=822","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"815","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"264031898","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","standardName":"frontal white matter","standardAcronym":"fw","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=815","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"frontal white matter","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-2000","pubMedHits":"505"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medullary substance of frontal lobe","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cerebral white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"189","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=189","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"cerebral white 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Defined on the basis of dissection and stains for Nissl substance, it is bounded ventrally by an unnamed groove that separates it from the inferior rostral gyrus. It is bounded superiorly by the cingulate sulcus, which separates it from the cingulate gyrus. It is not found in the macaque, where the comparable area dorsal to the rostral sulcus is occupied by the anterior cingulate gyrus ( Martin-2000 ). 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It is not found in the human ( Ture-1999 ) or the rodent ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"lateral inferior limiting sulcus","synonymSource":"Mufson-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Chemical neuroanatomy of the primate insula cortex: relationship to cytoarchitectonics, connectivity, function and neurodegeneration","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"lateral inferior limiting sulcus","synonymSource":"Martin-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Primate Brain Maps: Structure Of The Macaque Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Sulcus limitans inferior lateralis","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-2000","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"temporal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"125","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=125","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"temporal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"125","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=125","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"829","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"957385971","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"White Primary Structure","standardName":"inferior frontal white matter","standardAcronym":"ifw","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=829","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"inferior frontal white matter","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-2000","pubMedHits":"12"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Substantia medullaris frontalis inferioris","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-2000","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"frontal white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"815","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=815","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"frontal white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"815","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=815","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"frontal white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"815","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=815","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"830","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"957388385","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"spur of the arcuate sulcus","standardAcronym":"sas","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=830","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"posterior spur of arcuate sulcus","synonymSource":"Bonin-1947","synonymSourceTitle":"The Neocortex of Macaca Mulatta","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"spur of the arcuate sulcus (macaque)","synonymSource":"Walker-1940","synonymSourceTitle":"A cytoarchitectural study of the prefrontal area of the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Calcar sulci arcuati","synonymSource":"Simpson-1959","synonymSourceTitle":"Cassell's Latin Dictionary: Latin-English, English-Latin","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"831","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"962901580","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","standardName":"transverse frontopolar gyri","standardAcronym":"FPG","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=831","cDefinition":"refers to three horizontal gyri located at the frontal pole of the human frontal lobe.They include the superior frontopolar gyrus (human), the middle frontopolar gyrus and the inferior frontopolar gyrus ( Mai-1997 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"transverse frontopolar gyri (human)","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"transverse frontopolar gyrus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"transverse polar gyri","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"gyrus orbitalis transversus","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus frontopolaris transversus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"поперечная глазничная извилина","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"832","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"964479090","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","standardName":"occipital lobe white matter","standardAcronym":"olw","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=832","cDefinition":"refers to the part of cerebral white matter that is located beneath the cortex of the occipital lobe as defined by stains for Nissl substance and myelin. In the macaque it includes the lingual white matter, cuneate white matter, inferior occipital white matter, annectant white matter and occipital white matter ( BrainInfo-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"occipital lobe white matter","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-2000","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Substantia medullaris lobus occipitalis","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-2000","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cerebral white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"189","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=189","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"cerebral white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"189","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=189","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"cerebral white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"189","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=189","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"833","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"1007150190","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"White Primary Structure","standardName":"superior cerebellar peduncle of the pons","standardAcronym":"scpp","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=833","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"superior cerebellar peduncle of the pons","synonymSource":"BrainInfo-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"BrainInfo\r\n","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"superior cerebellar peduncle","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"203"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Pedunculus cerebellaris superior (pontis)","synonymSource":"BrainInfo-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"BrainInfo\r\n","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"pontine tegmentum","parentNeuroNamesId":"557","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=557","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine tegmentum","parentNeuroNamesId":"557","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=557","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine tegmentum","parentNeuroNamesId":"557","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=557","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine tegmentum","parentNeuroNamesId":"557","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=557","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine tegmentum","parentNeuroNamesId":"557","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=557","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine tegmentum","parentNeuroNamesId":"557","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=557","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"834","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"1008802938","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","standardName":"limbic lobe","standardAcronym":"LL","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=834","cDefinition":"refers to a set of convolutions of the cerebral cortex that surround the corpus callosum and the junction of the medial aspect of the cerebral hemisphere with the interbrain ( Carpenter-1983 ). Defined by dissection it includes most prominently the subcallosal gyrus, cingulate gyrus, and parahippocampal gyrus.They largely obscure the less prominent archicortex, which follows the same arc intervening between them and the corpus callosum dorsally and the interbrain ventrally. The archicortex consists of the hippocampal formation, fasciola cinerea, supracallosal gyrus, and paraterminal gyrus. For more on alternate anatomical definitions, see limbic lobe (Anthoney); for more on the functional definition see limbic system.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"lobus limbik","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"limbic lobe","synonymSource":"Stedman-1957","synonymSourceTitle":"Stedman's Medical Dictionary","pubMedHits":"74"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"fornicate gyrus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"falciform lobe","synonymSource":"Stedman-1957","synonymSourceTitle":"Stedman's Medical Dictionary","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"fornicate lobe","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"fornicate convolution","synonymSource":"Stedman-1957","synonymSourceTitle":"Stedman's Medical Dictionary","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"lobus limbicus","synonymSource":"Stedman-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Stedman's Medical Dictionary","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus fornicatus","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"grande lobe limbique of Broca","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"28"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"lobe limbique","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"lobo limbico","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"извилина Арнольда","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"сводчатая извилина","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"lóbulo límbico","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"835","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"1015268157","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"oral part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus","standardAcronym":"OSp5","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=835","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"oral part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"spinal trigeminal nucleus, oral part","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"oral part of spinal trigeminal nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"spinal nucleus of the trigeminal, oral part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Subnucleus rostralis","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fuscata","synonymName":"Nucleus spinalis nervi trigemini, pars oralis","synonymSource":"Kusama-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Brain of Macaca fuscata","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Nucleus oralis tractus spinalis nervi trigemini","synonymSource":"Oertel-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"Zur zyto- und myeloarchitektonik des Rhombencephalon des Rhesusaffen (Macaca mulatta Zimmerman)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"parte orale del nucleo trigeminale spinale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"parte oral del núcleo trigeminoespinal","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"pontine tegmentum","parentNeuroNamesId":"557","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=557","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine tegmentum","parentNeuroNamesId":"557","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=557","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine tegmentum","parentNeuroNamesId":"557","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=557","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine tegmentum","parentNeuroNamesId":"557","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=557","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine tegmentum","parentNeuroNamesId":"557","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=557","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine tegmentum","parentNeuroNamesId":"557","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=557","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"spinal trigeminal nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"1732","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1732","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"836","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"1041529809","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"anterior cerebellar incisure","standardAcronym":"acbi","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=836","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior cerebellar incisure","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Incisura anterior cerebelli","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"incisura anteriore","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"incisura cerebellare anteriore","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"передняя бороздка мозжечка","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"передняя вырезка мозжечка","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"incisura cerebelosa anterior","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"incisura anterior","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cerebellar cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"647","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=647","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"837","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"1044487653","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","standardName":"limbic white matter","standardAcronym":"lw","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=837","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"limbic white matter","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Substantia medullaris limbicus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cerebral white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"189","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=189","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"cerebral white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"189","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=189","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"cerebral white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"189","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=189","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"838","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"1065886326","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"polar notch","standardAcronym":"pn","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=838","cDefinition":"refers to a small dimple variably present on the dorsal surface of the frontal lobe of the macaque. It is located anterior to the prearcuate notch (macaque) and the superior limb of the arcuate sulcus ( Bonin-1947 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"anterior superior frontal sulcus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"polar notch","synonymSource":"Krieg-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Interpretive Atlas Of The Monkey's Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"sulcus frontalis superior anterior","synonymSource":"Bonin-1947","synonymSourceTitle":"The Neocortex of Macaca Mulatta","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"839","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"1085613903","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"paramedian raphe nucleus","standardAcronym":"PMR","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=839","cDefinition":"refers to a narrow layer of cells located lateral to the median raphe nucleus in the pontine reticular formation. It is found in the human ( Hornung-2012 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat, Swanson-2004 ), and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). \r\nIn the primate, but not the rodent, it contains a significant number of serotonin containing cells: B8 cell group dorsally; B9 cell group ventrally ( Felten-1983; Hornung-2012 ). Functionally it is part of the behavioral state system, known there as the superior central nucleus raphe, lateral part ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"paramedian raphe nucleus","synonymSource":"Törk-1990","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"superior central nucleus raphe, lateral part","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"paramedian raphe nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009a","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain, Second Edition","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"paramedian raphe","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"central superior nucleus of the raphe, lateral part","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Nucleus raphe paramedianus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"pontine reticular formation","parentNeuroNamesId":"561","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=561","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine reticular formation","parentNeuroNamesId":"561","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=561","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine reticular formation","parentNeuroNamesId":"561","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=561","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"pontine reticular formation","parentNeuroNamesId":"561","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=561","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"superior central nucleus raphe","parentNeuroNamesId":"1756","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1756","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - 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Defined by gross dissection, they constitute the transverse frontopolar gyri. The other two are the middle frontopolar gyrus and the superior frontopolar gyrus (human) ( Mai-1997 ). 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In vertebrates it is the part located within the cranial cavity and vertebral column. Classically it is divided into two parts: brain and spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ). It is found in the human, macaque, rat, mouse and other mammals. \r\nFunctionally the CNS is divided into gray matter and white matter of the central nervous system ( Swanson-2004; see Functional CNS Model - Rat ). In both models the other part of the nervous system is the peripheral nervous system. ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"central nervous system","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"119583"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"neuraxis","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"1102566"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"cerebrospinal axis","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"64"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"central nervous system - obsolete","parentNeuroNamesId":"2560","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2560","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"central nervous system - obsolete","parentNeuroNamesId":"2560","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2560","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"NeuroLex Macaque Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"central nervous system - obsolete","parentNeuroNamesId":"2560","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2560","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"NeuroLex Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"nervous system","parentNeuroNamesId":"3236","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3236","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Nervous System"},{"parentStandardName":"Functional CNS - Human","parentNeuroNamesId":"3626","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3626","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS - Human","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"855","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625678","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","standardName":"spinal cord","standardAcronym":"SpC","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=855","cDefinition":"refers to the long cylindrical portion of the central nervous system that is encased in the spinal column. It is the link between the brain and most of the peripheral nervous system. The spinal cord and the brain together constitute the central nervous system ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"sumsum tulang-belakang","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"spinal cord","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"93470"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Medulla spinalis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"33"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Myelon","synonymSource":"Stedman-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Stedman's Medical Dictionary","pubMedHits":"64"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Rückenmark","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"midollo spinale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"спинной мозг","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"central nervous system","parentNeuroNamesId":"854","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=854","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Functional CNS - Human","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","parentNeuroNamesId":"2756","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2756","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"Classical Vertebrate Central Nervous System","parentNeuroNamesId":"3619","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3619","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Classical Vertebrate Central Nervous System","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"856","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1846618817","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area Pro of Seltzer","standardAcronym":"Pro","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=856","cDefinition":"refers to an area of cerebral cortex that occupies the temporal pole in the macaque. Defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture it is proisocortex whose defining features are a predominance of the internal pyramidal layer (V) and the multiform layer (VI) with faint demarcation between those layers, and \"scarcely visible cells\" in layer VI ( Seltzer-1978 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"area Pro of Seltzer","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"polar proisocortex","synonymSource":"Seltzer-1978","synonymSourceTitle":"Afferent cortical connections and architectonics of the superior temporal sulcus and surrounding cortex in the rhesus monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"857","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1760848183","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area TEm of Seltzer","standardAcronym":"TEm","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=857","cDefinition":"refers to the most caudal and dorsal of the five subdivisions of area TE of Seltzer that is observable on the surface of the temporal lobe in the macaque. Defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture, it is located in the middle temporal gyrus and extends into the lower bank of the superior temporal sulcus ( Seltzer-1978 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"area TEm of Seltzer","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"858","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1569554439","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area TE1 of Seltzer","standardAcronym":"TE1","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=858","cDefinition":"refers to the most rostral and ventral of five subdivisions of area TE of Seltzer in the macaque. Defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture, it is located in the temporal lobe just caudal to area Pro of Seltzer, which occupies the temporal pole. It is similar to area Pro in many respects but differs in that it has an internal granular layer (IV) that is distinct from the internal pyramidal layer (V) ( Seltzer-1978 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"area TE1 of Seltzer","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"859","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-338752496","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area TE3 of Seltzer","standardAcronym":"TE3","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=859","cDefinition":"refers to the middle of five subdivisions of area TE of Seltzer in the macaque. Defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture, it is located in the temporal lobe below the superior temporal sulcus just caudal to area TE2 of Seltzer ( Seltzer-1978 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"area TE3 of Seltzer-1978","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"860","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"585168421","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area PGa of Seltzer","standardAcronym":"PGa","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=860","cDefinition":"refers to the innermost of three narrow, parallel cortical areas that line the upper bank of the superior temporal sulcus of the macaque. The others are area TAa of Seltzer and area TPO of Seltzer. Defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture area PGa is narrower anteriorly and wider posteriorly. It is relatively thin with a broad external granular layer (II); the other layers are not prominent, and the cells of the multiform layer (VI) cluster in a characteristic manner. \"These cellular features of area PGa contrast sharply with those of the adjacent [area PG of Bonin] of the inferior parietal lobule.\" The two zones also differ in that PGa is better myelinated both with respect to the bands of Baillarger and vertical fibers, particularly in the more anterior portion ( Seltzer-1978 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"area PGa of Seltzer-1978","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"861","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"966714219","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area TPO of Seltzer","standardAcronym":"TPO","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=861","cDefinition":"refers to one of three narrow parallel cortical areas that line the upper bank of the superior temporal sulcus of the macaque. The others are area TAa of Seltzer and area PGa of Seltzer. Defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture area TPO lies \"medial to area TAa [area TEa of Seltzer] and occupying the crest of a small secondary gyrus.\" LIke area TAa it begins near the anterior tip of the central sulcus and runs posteriorly. The external pyramidal layer (III) is broad with a distinct sublayer IIIc. The internal granular layer (IV) is well developed, though \"non-columnar\". The cells of the internal pyramidal layer (V) are less prominent and those of the multiform layer are fewer giving the impression of a wider space between layers V and VI. The inner band of Baillarger is \"scarcely visible\", but vertical myelinated fibers are well developed ( Seltzer-1978 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"area TPO of Seltzer-1978","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"862","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1635281134","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area TEa of Seltzer","standardAcronym":"TEa","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=862","cDefinition":"refers to one of five subdivisions of area TE of Seltzer in the macaque. Defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture, it is located in the part of the middle temporal gyrus that forms the lower bank of the superior temporal sulcus ( Seltzer-1978 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"area TEa of Seltzer-1978","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"863","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1662133875","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area TE2 of Seltzer","standardAcronym":"TE2","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=863","cDefinition":"refers to the second most rostral and ventral of five subdivisions of area TE of Seltzer in the macaque. Defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture, it is located in the temporal lobe below the superior temporal sulcus just caudal to area TE1 of Seltzer ( Seltzer-1978 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"area TE2 of Seltzer-1978","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"864","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2067753493","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area TE of Seltzer","standardAcronym":"TE","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=864","cDefinition":"refers an area of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture in the macaque. Seltzer and Pandya (1978), regarding it as the same in location and architecture as area TE of Bonin, and the same as the combined area 20 of Brodmann (guenon) and area 21 of Brodmann (guenon), subdivided it into five areas. In sequence from the temporal pole caudally (on the surface of middle temporal gyrus and the inferior temporal gyrus) and into the lower bank of the superior temporal sulcus they are: area TE1 of Seltzer, area TE2 of Seltzer, area TE3 of Seltzer, area TEm of Seltzer, and area TEa of Seltzer. Several trends of change in architecture across the first four areas in the sequence (TE1 - TEm) give rise to their distinguishing features: a trend toward greater development of the supragranular layers, more prominent pyramidal cells in sublayer IIIc of the external pyramidal layer (III), a better development of the internal granular layer (IV) and the multiform layer (VI). The myeloarchitecture of the first four areas follows a comparable progression from poor myelination in TE1 to development of distinct bands of Baillarger. Area TEa is similar to TEm except that layer IV is less prominent and a prominent outer band of Baillarger is separated from a deeper plexus of myelination by a \"small, but discrete, zone that fails to stain for myelin\" ( Seltzer-1978 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"area TE of Seltzer-1978","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"865","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1364573635","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area paI of Pandya","standardAcronym":"pal","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=865","cDefinition":"refers to a cortical area located in the portion of the superior temporal gyrus that is hidden in the wall of the lateral fissure in the macaque. Defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture it lies between the auditory cortex and the insula. \"Like other cortical areas adjoining limbic structures [it] shows low differentiation, as expressed by very low myelination\", low density of granule cells and high cellular density in the internal pyramidal layer (V) and the multiform layer (VI) ( Pandya-1973 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"area paI of Pandya-1973","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"parinsular stripe area","synonymSource":"Pandya-1973","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic parcellation of the temporal operculum in rhesus monkey and its projection pattern","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"866","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"804212375","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area Kalt of Pandya","standardAcronym":"Kalt","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=866","cDefinition":"refers to a one of two areas of granulous cortex in the portion of the superior temporal gyrus that is hidden in the wall of the lateral fissure in the macaque. The other is area Kam of Pandya. Defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture, the areas are regarded functionally as auditory cortex. Both areas are distinguished by the density of the external granular layer (II), the external pyramidal layer (III), and the internal granular layer (IV), the light internal pyramidal layer (V) and the dense multiform layer (VI). Area Kam occupies \"the lateral slope of a small hill of the [temporal operculum]... area Kalt occupies a flat dimple lateral to Kam.\" Myeloarchitectonic differences between the two areas are more pronounced ( Pandya-1973 ). See also planum temporale.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"lateral koniocortex","synonymSource":"Pandya-1973","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic parcellation of the temporal operculum in rhesus monkey and its projection pattern","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"area Kalt of Pandya-1973","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"867","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1094751907","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area Kam of Pandya","standardAcronym":"Kam","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=867","cDefinition":"refers to a one of two areas of granulous cortex in the portion of the superior temporal gyrus that is hidden in the wall of the lateral fissure in the macaque. The other is area Kalt of Pandya. Defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture, the areas are regarded functionally as auditory cortex. Both areas are distinguished by the density of the external granular layer (II), the external pyramidal layer (III), and the internal granular layer (IV), the light internal pyramidal layer (V) and the dense multiform layer (VI). Area Kam occupies \"the lateral slope of a small hill of the [temporal operculum]... area Kalt occupies a flat dimple lateral to Kam.\" Myeloarchitectonic differences between the two areas are more pronounced ( Pandya-1973 ). See also planum temporale.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"area Kam of Pandya-1973","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"medial koniocortex","synonymSource":"Pandya-1973","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic parcellation of the temporal operculum in rhesus monkey and its projection pattern","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"868","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1984942232","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area paAr of Pandya","standardAcronym":"paAr","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=868","cDefinition":"refers to one of four cortical areas that border the granulous cortex core in the superior temporal gyrus of the macaque (area Kam of Pandya and area Kalt of Pandya) defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture. The others are area paAc of Pandya, area paAlt of Pandya, and area proA of Pandya. The most rostral of the four, it is most similar to the granulous core. It differs primarily in a reduced cell density of the outer layers, somewhat larger pyramidal cells in the external pyramidal layer (III) and the internal pyramidal layer (V) is not as light. Functionally the areas are considered auditory cortex (Pandya-1973).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"area paAr of Pandya-1973","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca radiata","synonymName":"rostral parakoniocortex","synonymSource":"Mufson-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Chemical neuroanatomy of the primate insula cortex: relationship to cytoarchitectonics, connectivity, function and neurodegeneration","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"869","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1503821219","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area proA of Pandya","standardAcronym":"proA","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=869","cDefinition":"refers to one of four cortical areas that border the granulous cortex core in the superior temporal gyrus of the macaque (area Kam of Pandya and area Kalt of Pandya) defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture. The others are area paAc of Pandya, area paAlt of Pandya, and area paAr of Pandya. Area proA lies medial to the core granulous area, between it and the insula. It differs from the granulous core in reduced cell density of the outer layers, less clear cut granule cells in the internal granular layer (IV), and a lighter internal pyramidal layer (V) compared to a dense multiform layer (VI). Functionally the areas are considered auditory cortex ( Pandya-1973 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"area proA of Pandya-1973","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"prokoniocortex","synonymSource":"Pandya-1973","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic parcellation of the temporal operculum in rhesus monkey and its projection pattern","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"870","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1428845329","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area Ts1 of Pandya","standardAcronym":"Ts1","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=870","cDefinition":"refers to the most anterior of the three superior temporal isocortical areas defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture in the macaque. Granule cells are prominent in the outer layers; the internal pyramidal layer (V) and the multiform layer (VI) are very poorly differentiated; and myelination is not prominent with only the outer band of Baillarger apparent ( Pandya-1973 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"area Ts1 of Pandya-1973","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"temporalis superior 1","synonymSource":"Pandya-1973","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic parcellation of the temporal operculum in rhesus monkey and its projection pattern","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"871","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1415708250","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area paAlt of Pandya","standardAcronym":"paAlt","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=871","cDefinition":"refers to one of four cortical areas that border the granulous cortex core in the superior temporal gyrus of the macaque (area Kam of Pandya and area Kalt of Pandya) defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture. The others are area paAc of Pandya, area paAr of Pandya, and area proA of Pandya. The largest of the four, it is \"the most typical\" due to the size of pyramidal cells deep in the external pyramidal layer (III). Pyramidal cells in the internal pyramidal layer (V) are moderately large. Myeloarchitectonic differences are also prominent. Functionally the areas are regarded as auditory cortex ( Pandya-1973 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"lateral parakoniocortex","synonymSource":"Pandya-1973","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic parcellation of the temporal operculum in rhesus monkey and its projection pattern","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"area paAlt of Pandya-1973","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"872","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1212170358","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"core of the auditory region","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=872","cDefinition":"refers to one of two components of the auditory region in the superior temporal gyrus; the other component is the belt of the auditory region. It is a composite structure consisting of two cytomyeloarchitecturally defined cortical areas in the superior temporal gyrus of the rhesus macaque: area Kam of Pandya and area Kalt of Pandya ( Pandya-1973 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"koniocortex core of the auditory region","synonymSource":"Pandya-1973","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic parcellation of the temporal operculum in rhesus monkey and its projection pattern","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"core of the auditory region","synonymSource":"Pandya-1973","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic parcellation of the temporal operculum in rhesus monkey and its projection pattern","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"auditory region","parentNeuroNamesId":"3038","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3038","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"auditory model of Pandya","modelStatus":"Under Construction"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"873","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1191966779","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"parakoniocortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=873","cDefinition":"refers to three of four cortical areas that border the granulous cortex core of the auditory region in the macaque. Defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture they include area paAlt of Pandya, area paAr of Pandya and area paAc of Pandya ( Pandya-1973 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"parakoniocortex","synonymSource":"Pandya-1973","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic parcellation of the temporal operculum in rhesus monkey and its projection pattern","pubMedHits":"5"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"874","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1146713156","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area reIt of Pandya","standardAcronym":"relt","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=874","cDefinition":"refers to a cortical area located in the portion of the superior temporal gyrus in the depth of the lateral fissure at the caudal extreme of the insula in the macaque. Defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture it lies between the auditory cortex and the parietal lobe. It differs from the adjacent auditory cortex, area proA of Pandya and area paAc of Pandya in that the cellularity of the external pyramidal layer (III) is \"coarser\" with larger pyramidal cells deep in the layer, the internal granular layer (IV) is less prominent, and the internal pyramidal layer (V) is denser with medium-sized pyramidal cells. Cellularity in the multiform layer (VI) is as dense as in area paAc. Area reIt is moderately myelinated ( Pandya-1973 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"area reIt of Pandya-1973","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"retroinsular temporal area","synonymSource":"Pandya-1973","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic parcellation of the temporal operculum in rhesus monkey and its projection pattern","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"875","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-511497350","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area reIpt of Pandya","standardAcronym":"relpt","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=875","cDefinition":"refers to a cortical area located in the portion of the parietal lobe in the depth of the lateral fissure adjacent to area reIt of Pandya of the superior temporal gyrus in the macaque. Defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture it differs from area reIt in that it stains less intensely overall, the medium sized pyramidal cells at the deep border of the external pyramidal layer (III) are denser, the internal granular layer (IV) is \"a little wider\" with a greater density of granule cells and the myelin density is somewhat less ( Pandya-1973 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"retroinsular parietal area","synonymSource":"Pandya-1973","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic parcellation of the temporal operculum in rhesus monkey and its projection pattern","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"area reIpt of Pandya-1973","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"876","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"64913508","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"cortical areas of Pandya","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=876","cDefinition":"refers to a parcellation of the superior temporal gyrus of the macaque into 13 areas on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture ( Pandya-1973 ). For a listing of the areas, Search by Name for 'area of Pandya'.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"cortical areas of Pandya-1973","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"877","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1037358740","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area paAc of Pandya","standardAcronym":"paAc","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=877","cDefinition":"refers to one of four cortical areas that border the granulous cortex core (area Kam of Pandya and area Kalt of Pandya) in the superior temporal gyrus of the macaque defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture. The others are area paAlt of Pandya, area paAr of Pandya, and area proA of Pandya. The most caudal of the four, it occupies the posterior end of the temporal operculum. It differs from Kalt in that a \"small fringe\" of larger pyramidal cells is seen deep in the external pyramidal layer (III), cell density is not as great in the outer layers and the internal pyramidal layer (V) is not as light. Functionally the areas are regarded as auditory cortex ( Pandya-1973 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"area paAc of Pandya-1973","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"caudal parakoniocortex","synonymSource":"Pandya-1973","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic parcellation of the temporal operculum in rhesus monkey and its projection pattern","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"878","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1095095724","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"superior temporal isocortical areas","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=878","cDefinition":"refers to three cortical areas located in the anterior half of the superior temporal gyrus between the piriform area anteriorly and the auditory cortex posteriorly in the macaque. Defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture, they are, in order from anterior to posterior, area Ts1 of Pandya, area Ts2 of Pandya and area Ts3 of Pandya ( Pandya-1973 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"superior temporal isocortical areas","synonymSource":"Pandya-1973","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic parcellation of the temporal operculum in rhesus monkey and its projection pattern","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"879","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1138897598","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area Tpt of Pandya","standardAcronym":"Tpt","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=879","cDefinition":"refers to a cortical area located at the caudal extreme of the superior temporal gyrus and continues into the bank of the bounding lateral fissure in the macaque. Defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture it forms the caudolateral boundary of the auditory cortex. It differs from the adjacent auditory area, area Kalt of Pandya, in that the cell density in the outer layers is not as great and the internal pyramidal layer (V) is not as light. Myelination is moderate ( Pandya-1973 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"area Tpt of Pandya-1973","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"temperoparietal area","synonymSource":"Pandya-1973","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic parcellation of the temporal operculum in rhesus monkey and its projection pattern","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"880","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1221206317","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area Ts2 of Pandya","standardAcronym":"Ts2","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=880","cDefinition":"refers to the middle of the three superior temporal isocortical areas defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture in the macaque. Its internal structure is intermediate between that of area Ts1 of Pandya and area Ts3 of Pandya. Trends that characterize the transition from Ts1 through Ts2 to Ts3 are an increase in the prominence of granule cells, increasing differentiation between the internal pyramidal layer (V) and the multiform layer (VI), a general increase in myelination, and emergence of the inner band of Baillarger ( Pandya-1973 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"area Ts2 of Pandya-1973","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"881","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2092522331","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area Ts3 of Pandya","standardAcronym":"Ts3","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=881","cDefinition":"refers to the most posterior of the three superior temporal isocortical areas defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture in the macaque. Its internal structure reflects, in more pronounced form, trends that begin in area Ts1 of Pandya and develop through area Ts2 of Pandya to Ts3. These trends include an increase in the prominence of granule cells, increasing differentiation between the internal pyramidal layer (V) and the multiform layer (VI), a general increase in myelination, and emergence of the inner band of Baillarger. Area Ts3 also exhibits some features transitional to adjacent, more posterior and medial, areas of the auditory cortex ( Pandya-1973 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"area Ts3 of Pandya-1973","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"temporalis superior 3","synonymSource":"Pandya-1973","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic parcellation of the temporal operculum in rhesus monkey and its projection pattern","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"882","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1095110432","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area TAa of Seltzer","standardAcronym":"TAa","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=882","cDefinition":"refers to the most external of three narrow, parallel cortical areas that line the upper bank of the superior temporal sulcus of the macaque. The others are area TPO of Seltzer and area PGa of Seltzer. Defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture Area TAa is regarded as related to area TA of Bonin but distinct from the area on the surface of the superior temporal gyrus labeled TA, distinct from area Ts3 of Pandya and from area Tpt of Pandya. It differs from those areas by a predominance of supragranular layers, a prominent sublayer IIIc of the external pyramidal layer (III) and sublayer Va of the internal pyramidal layer (V) and a clear boundary between layer V and the multiform layer (VI). It differs from Ts3 in particular by lighter myelination in the bands of Baillarger and less dense vertical fibers ( Seltzer-1978 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"area TAa of Seltzer-1978","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"883","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-207629746","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 30 of Mauss","standardAcronym":"30","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=883","cDefinition":"refers to a cortical area defined by myeloarchitecture in the portion of the precentral gyrus whose surface constitutes the precentral operculum in the guenon. A footnote indicated that area 30 was correctly depicted in the cortical map but was incorrectly labeled \"31\" ( Mauss-1908 ). It is labeled \"30\" in BrainInfo. Brodmann regarded it as topologically homologous to the cytoarchitectonic area 43 of Brodmann (guenon) (Brodmann-1909). The Vogts found no distinctive architectonic area of corresponding location in the guenon ( Vogts-1919 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 31 of Mauss-1908","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 30 of Mauss-1908","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Mauss's area 30","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area opercularis","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Typus 30","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"884","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1003428832","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 1 of Mauss","standardAcronym":"1","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=884","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the postcentral gyrus of the macaque and the guenon defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture. Mauss regarded it as topologically homologous to the cytoarchitectonic area 1 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Mauss-1908 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 1 of Mauss-1908","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Mauss's area 1","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area postcentralis intermedia","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Typus 1","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"885","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1125944345","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 10 of Mauss","standardAcronym":"10","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=885","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the frontal lobe of the macaque and the guenon; it is defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture. Mauss regarded it as topologically homologous to the cytoarchitectonic area 10 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Mauss-1908 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 10 of Mauss-1908","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Mauss's area 10","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area orbitalis lateralis","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Typus 10","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"886","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"374289681","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 11 of Mauss","standardAcronym":"11","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=886","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the frontal lobe of the macaque and the guenon; it is defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture. Mauss regarded it as topologically homologous to the cytoarchitectonic area 11 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Mauss-1908 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 11 of Mauss-1908","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Mauss's area 11","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area orbitalis intermedia","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Typus 11","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"887","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1238979849","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 12 of Mauss","standardAcronym":"12","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=887","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the frontal lobe of the macaque and the guenon; it is defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture. Mauss regarded it as topologically homologous to the cytoarchitectonic area 12 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Mauss-1908 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 12 of Mauss-1908","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Mauss's area 12","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area orbitalis medialis","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Typus 12","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"888","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-131281919","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 13 of Mauss","standardAcronym":"13","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=888","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the insula of the macaque and the guenon; it is defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture. Mauss regarded it as homologous to the cytoarchitecturally defined area 13 of Brodmann ( Mauss-1908 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 13 of Mauss-1908","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Mauss's area 13","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area insularis posterior","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Typus 13","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"889","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-556215080","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 14 of Mauss","standardAcronym":"14","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=889","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the insula of the macaque and the guenon; it is defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture. Mauss regarded it as homologous to the cytoarchitecturally defined area 14 of Brodmann ( Mauss-1908 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 14 of Mauss-1908","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Mauss's area 14","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area insularis anterior","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Typus 14","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"890","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-33798197","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 15 of Mauss","standardAcronym":"15","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=890","cDefinition":"is located primarily in the insula with partial extension to the frontal lobe of the macaque and the guenon; it is defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture. Mauss regarded it as homologous to area 15 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Mauss-1908 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 15 of Mauss-1908","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Mauss's area 15","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area operculo-insularis","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Typus 15","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"891","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1202814717","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 17 of Mauss","standardAcronym":"17","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=891","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the occipital lobe of the macaque and the guenon; it is defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture. Mauss regarded it as topologically homologous to area 17 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Mauss-1908 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 17 of Mauss-1908","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Mauss's area 17","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area striata","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"7"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Typus 17","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"892","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2056223035","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 18 of Mauss","standardAcronym":"18","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=892","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the occipital lobe of the macaque and the guenon; it is defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture. Mauss regarded it as topologically homologous to the cytoarchitectonic area 18 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Mauss-1908 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 18 of Mauss-1908","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Mauss's area 18","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area occipitalis","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Typus 18","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"893","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1694634099","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 19 of Mauss","standardAcronym":"19","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=893","cDefinition":"refers to a cortical area that occupies predominantly the angular gyrus of the macaque and the guenon; it is defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture. Mauss regarded it as topologically homologous to the cytoarchitectonic area 19 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Mauss-1908 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 19 of Mauss-1908","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Mauss's area 19","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 19 of Mauss","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area praeoccipitalis","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Typus 19","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"894","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-2020933543","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 2 of Mauss","standardAcronym":"2","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=894","cDefinition":"is located primarily in the postcentral gyrus of the macaque and the guenon. It is defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture; Mauss regarded it as topologically homologous to the cytoarchitectonic area 2 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Mauss-1908 ). Authors von Bonin and Bailey disputed the existence of area 2 which they sought unsuccessfully to identify in the macaque as area PD of Bonin ( Bonin-1947 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 2 of Mauss-1908","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Mauss's area 2","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 2 of Mauss","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area postcentralis caudalis","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Typus 2","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"895","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1956980395","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 20 of Mauss","standardAcronym":"20","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=895","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the temporal lobe of the macaque and the guenon; it is defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture. Mauss regarded it as topologically homologous to the cytoarchitectonic area 20 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Mauss-1908 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 20 of Mauss-1908","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Mauss's area 20","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area temporalis inferior","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Typus 20","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"896","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1277448219","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 22 of Mauss","standardAcronym":"22","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=896","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the temporal lobe of the macaque and the guenon; it is defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture. Mauss regarded it as topologically homologous to the cytoarchitectonic area 22 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Mauss-1908 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 22 of Mauss-1908","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Mauss's area 22","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area temporalis superior","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Typus 22","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"897","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"757736275","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 23 of Mauss","standardAcronym":"23","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=897","cDefinition":"refers to a cortical area defined by myeloarchitecture in the posterior cingulate gyrus of the macaque and the guenon. Mauss regarded it as topologically homologous to the cytoarchitectonic area 23 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Mauss-1908 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 23 of Mauss-1908","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Mauss's area 23","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area limbica posterior","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Typus 23","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"898","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1003508451","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 24 of Mauss","standardAcronym":"24","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=898","cDefinition":"refers to a cortical area defined by myeloarchitecture in the anterior cingulate gyrus of the macaque and the guenon. Mauss regarded it as topologically homologous to the cytoarchitectonic area 24 of Brodmann-1905 (guenon) ( Mauss-1908 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 24 of Mauss-1908","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Mauss's area 24","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area limbica anterior","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Typus 24","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"899","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1737923155","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 26 of Mauss","standardAcronym":"26","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=899","cDefinition":"refers to a cortical area defined by myeloarchitecture in the posterior cingulate gyrus and isthmus of the cingulate gyrus of the macaque and the guenon. Mauss regarded it as topologically homologous to the cytoarchitectonic area 26 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Mauss-1908 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 26 of Mauss-1908","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Mauss's area 26","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area ectosplenialis","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Typus 26","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"900","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1314674288","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 27 of Mauss","standardAcronym":"27","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=900","cDefinition":"refers to a cortical area defined by myeloarchitecture located primarily in the presubiculum of the macaque and the guenon. Mauss regarded it as topologically homologous to the cytoarchitectonic area 27 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Mauss-1908 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 27 of Mauss-1908","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Mauss's area 27","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area praesubicularis","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Typus 27","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"901","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1098672534","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 28 of Mauss","standardAcronym":"28","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=901","cDefinition":"refers to a cortical area defined by myeloarchitecture located primarily in the entorhinal area of the guenon. Mauss regarded it as topologically homologous to the cytoarchitectonic area 28 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Mauss-1908 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 28 of Mauss-1908","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Mauss's area 28","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area entorhinalis","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"7"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Typus 28","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"902","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1357706422","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 29 of Mauss","standardAcronym":"29","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=902","cDefinition":"refers to a cortical area defined by myeloarchitecture in the parahippocampal gyrus and lingual gyrus of the guenon ( Mauss-1908 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 29 of Mauss","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Mauss's area 29","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area hippocampica","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Typus 29","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"903","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"166031697","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 3 of Mauss","standardAcronym":"3","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=903","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the postcentral gyrus of the macaque and the guenon defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture. Mauss regarded it as topologically homologous to the cytoarchitectonic area 3 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Mauss-1908 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 3 of Mauss","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Mauss's area 3","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area postcentralis oralis","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Typus 3","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"904","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-224729317","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 31 of Mauss","standardAcronym":"31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=904","cDefinition":"refers to a cortical area defined by myeloarchitecture in the anterior cingulate gyrus of the guenon. Mauss noted that, while much of the area coincides with area 32 of Brodmann (guenon) (numbered 25 at the time Mauss wrote), he was sufficiently doubtful as to the relationship to give the myeloarchitectonic area a different number. A footnote also indicates that area 30 of Mauss in the lateral cortical view was incorrectly labeled \"31\" ( Mauss-1908 ). (The latter is correctly labeled \"30\" in BrainInfo).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 31 of Mauss","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Mauss's area 31","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area praelimbica","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Typus 31","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"905","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1105600111","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 32 of Mauss","standardAcronym":"32","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=905","cDefinition":"refers to a cortical area defined by myeloarchitecture in the anterior cingulate gyrus of the macaque and the guenon. It forms a narrow band between area 24 of Mauss and the corpus callosum ( Mauss-1908 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 32 of Mauss","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Mauss's area 32","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area praegenualis","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Typus 32","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"906","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-148660185","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 33 of Mauss","standardAcronym":"33","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=906","cDefinition":"refers to a cortical area defined by myeloarchitecture in the anterior cingulate gyrus of the guenon. It is located between area 24 of Mauss and the rostrum of the corpus callosum and lamina terminalis ( Mauss-1908 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 33 of Mauss","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Mauss's area 33","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area praeterminalis","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Typus 33","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"907","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1593334089","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 4 of Mauss","standardAcronym":"4","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=907","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the precentral gyrus of the macaque and the guenon defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture. Mauss regarded it as topologically homologous to the cytoarchitectonic area 4 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Mauss-1908 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 4 of Mauss","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Mauss's area 4","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area praecentralis","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Typus 4","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"908","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"576034881","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 5 of Mauss","standardAcronym":"5","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=908","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the parietal lobe of the macaque and the guenon; it is defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture. Mauss regarded it as topologically homologous to the cytoarchitectonic area 5 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Mauss-1908 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 5 of Mauss","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Mauss's area 5","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area praeparietalis","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Typus 5","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"909","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1898647097","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 6 of Mauss","standardAcronym":"6","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=909","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the frontal lobe of the guenon; it is defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture. Mauss regarded it as topologically homologous to the cytoarchitectonic area 6 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Mauss-1908 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 6 of Mauss","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Mauss's area 6","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area frontalis caudalis","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Typus 6","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"910","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-373122255","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 7 of Mauss","standardAcronym":"7","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=910","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the parietal lobe of the macaque and the guenon; it is defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture. Mauss regarded it as topologically homologous to the cytoarchitectonic area 7 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Mauss-1908 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 7 of Mauss","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Mauss's area 7","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area parietalis","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Typus 7","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"911","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"453123881","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 8 of Mauss","standardAcronym":"8","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=911","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the frontal lobe of the macaque and the guenon; it is defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture. Mauss regarded it as topologically homologous to the cytoarchitectonic area 8 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Mauss-1908 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 8 of Mauss","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Mauss's area 8","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area frontalis intermedia","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Typus 8","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"912","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1676376609","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 9 of Mauss","standardAcronym":"9","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=912","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the frontal lobe of the macaque and the guenon; it is defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture. Mauss regarded it as topologically homologous to the cytoarchitectonic area 9 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Mauss-1908 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 9 of Mauss","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Mauss's area 9","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area frontalis oralis","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Typus 9","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"913","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"904358684","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Mauss's areas","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=913","cDefinition":"refers to segmentation of the cerebral cortex on the basis of myeloarchitecture as described by Mauss in 1908. The legend to the summary map in Mauss-1908 attributes the areas simply to Cercopithecus. He studied, however, representatives of three monkey species including one guenon (Cercopithecus) and two macaques (Macaca fascicularis and Macaca mulatta). Furthermore, most of the pen and ink drawings of the internal structure of various areas, which he credited to one Fraeulein Schellbach, were based on Macaca mulatta. Mauss referenced the areas by names and numbers corresponding to the labels assigned by Brodmann to topologically similar areas, which Brodmann had defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture ( Brodmann-1905 ). Like Brodmann, Mauss mapped a portion of areas hidden in the banks of sulci, e.g., area 3 of Mauss, onto the adjacent, visible surface. Thus, some areas appear larger on his surface map than on maps by other authors, e.g., area 3 of Vogts. ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Mauss's areas","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Mauss's cortical areas","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"cortical areas of Mauss","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"cortical maps of Mauss","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"914","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-2035049501","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 21 of Mauss","standardAcronym":"21","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=914","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the temporal lobe of the macaque and the guenon; it is defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture. Mauss regarded it as topologically homologous to the cytoarchitectonic area 21 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Mauss-1908 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 21 of Mauss","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Mauss's area 21","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area temporalis media","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Typus 21","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"915","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1174415963","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"insulo-orbito-temporopolar complex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=915","cDefinition":"refers to the piriform area and three adjacent areas that form an architectonic unit in the primate cerebral cortex surrounding the rostroventral end of the limbic lobe. The sequences of areas, which radiate from the piriform area at the limen insula, include: 1) the agranular insula, dysgranular insula and granular insula; 2) a similar sequence of agranular, dysgranular and granular areas that extend into the orbital gyri; and 3) a comparable sequence extending into the temporopolar region ( Mesulam-1984 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"primate","synonymName":"insulo-orbito-temporopolar complex","synonymSource":"Mesulam-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"The insula of Reil in man and monkey: Architectonics, connectivity, and function","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"916","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1349650774","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 9c of Vogts","standardAcronym":"9c","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=916","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of area 9 of Brodmann (guenon) based on cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture. It is one of four parts of area 9. The others are area 9a of Vogts, area 9b of Vogts and area 9d of Vogts ( Vogts-1919 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 9c of Vogts","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area 9c","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Feld 9c","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 9 of Vogts","parentNeuroNamesId":"952","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=952","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Ancillary Nervous System","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"area 9 of Vogts","parentNeuroNamesId":"952","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=952","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Vogts Areas Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"917","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"929019813","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 9d of Vogts","standardAcronym":"9d","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=917","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of area 9 of Brodmann (guenon) in the guenon based on cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture. It is one of four parts of area 9. The others are area 9a of Vogts, area 9b of Vogts and area 9c of Vogts ( Vogts-1919 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 9d of Vogts","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area 9d","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Feld 9d","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 9 of Vogts","parentNeuroNamesId":"952","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=952","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Ancillary Nervous System","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"area 9 of Vogts","parentNeuroNamesId":"952","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=952","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Vogts Areas Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"918","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-168929931","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 19b of Vogts","standardAcronym":"19b","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=918","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of area 19 of Vogts based on cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture in the guenon. The authors did not regard it as topologically or architectonically homologous to area 19 of Mauss or to area 19 of Brodmann (guenon). The other part is area 19a of Vogts from which it differs in that area 19b has fewer large pyramidal cells in layer III and fewer granular cells in layer IV ( Vogts-1919 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 19b of Vogts","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area 19b","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Feld 19b","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 19 of Vogts","parentNeuroNamesId":"957","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=957","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Ancillary Nervous System","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"area 19 of Vogts","parentNeuroNamesId":"957","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=957","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Vogts Areas Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"919","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"86814461","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 21 of Vogts","standardAcronym":"21","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=919","cDefinition":"refers to an area of the cerebral cortex of the guenon that is defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture. The authors regarded it as topologically different from area 21 of Brodmann (guenon) and area 21 of Mauss on the basis that they found an area 19b of Vogts in a location that had been included in areas 21 of Brodmann and Mauss ( Vogts-1919 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 21 of Vogts","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area 21","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"115"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Feld 21","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"Vogts' areas","parentNeuroNamesId":"954","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=954","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Ancillary Nervous System","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"Vogts Areas Hierarchy","parentNeuroNamesId":"2574","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2574","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Vogts Areas Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"920","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"584536106","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 6b of Vogts","standardAcronym":"6b","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=920","cDefinition":"refers to one of two subdivisions of area 6 of Brodmann (guenon) defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and myeloarechitecture. The other is area 6a of Vogts. They differ in that, whereas area 6a is agranular, i.e., lacks an internal granular layer (IV), area 6b is dysgranular. Each is further subdivided into two subareas which, for area 6b, are area 6b alpha of Vogts and area 6b beta of Vogts ( Vogts-1919 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 6b of Vogts","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area 6b","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Feld 6b","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 6 of Vogts","parentNeuroNamesId":"940","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=940","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Ancillary Nervous System","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"area 6 of Vogts","parentNeuroNamesId":"940","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=940","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Vogts Areas Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"921","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-384884670","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 6a alpha of Vogts","standardAcronym":"6a alpha","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=921","cDefinition":"refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined subdivision of area 6 of Brodmann (guenon). It and area 6a beta of Vogts constitute area 6a of Vogts. The alpha subarea is located more caudally, the beta subarea more rostrally. Areas 6a alpha and beta differ in that in area 6a beta the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex (I) and the zone extending from the third sublayer of the external pyramidal layer (III) through the internal pyramidal layer (V) are narrower, and the differentiation of layer V into a cell-rich sublayer Va and cell-poor layer (Vb) is clearer ( Vogts-1919 ). See also SMA proper.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 6a alpha of Vogts","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area 6a alpha","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"9"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Feld 6a alpha","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 6a of Vogts","parentNeuroNamesId":"941","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=941","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Ancillary Nervous System","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"area 6a of Vogts","parentNeuroNamesId":"941","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=941","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Vogts Areas Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"922","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-29048130","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 9b of Vogts","standardAcronym":"9b","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=922","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of area 9 of Brodmann (guenon) based on cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture. It is one of four parts of area 9. The others are area 9a of Vogts, area 9c of Vogts and area 9d of Vogts. Its caudal boundary is incompletely defined in the illustration of Vogts' areas ( Vogts-1919 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 9b of Vogts","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area 9b","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Feld 9b","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 9 of Vogts","parentNeuroNamesId":"952","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=952","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Ancillary Nervous System","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"area 9 of Vogts","parentNeuroNamesId":"952","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=952","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Vogts Areas Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"923","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-13463437","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 9a of Vogts","standardAcronym":"9a","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=923","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of area 9 of Brodmann (guenon) based on cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture. It is one of four parts of area 9. The others are area 9b of Vogts, area 9c of Vogts and area 9d of Vogts. Its rostral boundary is not completely delineated in the cortical diagram of Vogts' areas. In contrast to area 4a of Vogts, area 9a is thin, has a lightly developed internal granular layer (IV), and has an internal pyramidal layer (V) in which the sublayer Va is narrower and the sublayer Vb wider ( Vogts-1919 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 9a of Vogts","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area 9a","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Feld 9a","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 9 of Vogts","parentNeuroNamesId":"952","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=952","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Ancillary Nervous System","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"area 9 of Vogts","parentNeuroNamesId":"952","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=952","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Vogts Areas Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"924","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1630574634","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 6b alpha of Vogts","standardAcronym":"6b alpha","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=924","cDefinition":"refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined subdivision of area 6 of Brodmann (guenon). It and area 6b beta of Vogts constitute area 6b of Vogts. Area 6b alpha differs from area 6a alpha of Vogts in that in 6b alpha the external pyramidal layer (III), while narrower, contains a number of pyramidal cells; a small internal granular layer (IV) is present; the internal pyramidal layer (V) is well differentiated into a cell-rich sublayer (Va) and a cell-poor sublayer (Vb); and the VIa sublayer of the multiform layer (VI) is narrower. Area 6b beta differs from 6b alpha in that the internal granular layer (IV) is wider and more cellular, and in the internal pyramidal layer (V) the cellular sublayer (Va) is narrower while the acellular sublayer (Vb) is wider. Area 6b alpha forms the rostral boundary of area 3a of Vogts. It differs from 3a in that layer III is wider; layer IV is substantially narrower with larger cells; sublayer Va is more densely populated and sublayer Vb less densely populated; and, in layer VI, sublayer VIa has fewer cells and sublayer VIb is wider with a less distinct transition to the subcortical white matter ( Vogts-1919 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 6b alpha of Vogts","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area 6b alpha","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Feld 6b alpha","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. 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It and area 6b alpha of Vogts constitute area 6b of Vogts. Area 6b beta differs from 6b alpha in that the internal granular layer (IV) is wider and more cellular, and in the internal pyramidal layer (V) the cellular sublayer (Va) is narrower while the acellular sublayer (Vb) is wider ( Vogts-1919 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"area 6b beta of Vogts","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area 6b beta","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. 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Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 6b of Vogts","parentNeuroNamesId":"920","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=920","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Ancillary Nervous System","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"area 6b of Vogts","parentNeuroNamesId":"920","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=920","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Vogts Areas Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"926","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"309530727","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 22a alpha of Vogts","standardAcronym":"22a alpha","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=926","cDefinition":"refers to one of three parts of area 22a of Vogts distinguished on the basis of cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture in the guenon. It differs from area 22a beta of Vogts and area 22a gamma of Vogts in that layer III is narrowest here ( Vogts-1919 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 22a alpha of Vogts","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area 22a alpha","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Feld 22a alpha","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 22a of Vogts","parentNeuroNamesId":"939","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=939","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Ancillary Nervous System","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"area 22a of Vogts","parentNeuroNamesId":"939","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=939","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Vogts Areas Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"927","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1437721632","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 7a of Vogts","standardAcronym":"7a","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=927","cDefinition":"refers to one of two divisions of area 7 of Brodmann (guenon) based on myeloarchitecture and cytoarchitecture. The other is area 7b of Vogts. They differ in that area 7b has larger pyramidal cells in a wider layer III, a more distinct sublayer Va and a wider layer VI than area 7a ( Vogts-1919 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 7a of Vogts","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area 7a","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"99"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Feld 7a","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. 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It differs from area 22a alpha of Vogts in that layer III is wider; it differs from area 22a gamma of Vogts in that layer III is wider and layer IV is wider and more cellular than in area 22a gamma ( Vogts-1919 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 22a beta of Vogts","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area 22a beta","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Feld 22a beta","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. 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It differs from area 22a alpha of Vogts and area 22a beta of Vogts in that its layer III is widest and its layer IV is thinner and less cellular than in the other two parts ( Vogts-1919 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 22a gamma of Vogts","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area 22a gamma","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Feld 22a gamma","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. 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Defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture it is the part of area 10 located rostral to area 8 gamma of Vogts. It differs from area 8 gamma in that the molecular layer of the cerebral cortex (I) is narrower, the internal granular layer (IV) is narrower and less cellular, the internal pyramidal layer (V) is wider with a less dense distribution of nerve cells and a more distinct division into sublayers: a narrower more densely populated Va and a wider less densely populated Vb. The multiform layer (VI) has fewer cells. The rostral boundary of area 10a was ambiguous in the map of the Vogts' areas ( Vogts-1919 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 10a of Vogts","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area 10a","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. 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The others are area 4b of Vogts and area 4c of Vogts ( Vogts-1919 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 4a of Vogts","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area 4a","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"8"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Feld 4a","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. 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The others are area 4a of Vogts and area 4c of Vogts ( Vogts-1919 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 4b of Vogts","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area 4b","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Feld 4b","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. 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The others are area 4a of Vogts and area 4b of Vogts ( Vogts-1919 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 4c of Vogts","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area 4c","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"8"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Feld 4c","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 4 of Vogts","parentNeuroNamesId":"951","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=951","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Ancillary Nervous System","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"area 4 of Vogts","parentNeuroNamesId":"951","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=951","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Vogts Areas Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"934","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1709721928","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 8 alpha of Vogts","standardAcronym":"8 alpha","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=934","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of area 8 of Brodmann (guenon). It is one of 4 parts of area 8 that differ in cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture. It differs from area 8 beta of Vogts in that the external granular layer (II), the external pyramidal layer (III), the internal granular layer (IV) and the internal pyramidal layer (V) are all narrower. Layer V, particularly the sublayer b, is dominated by large pyramidal cells. Sublayer b of the multiform layer (VI) is very wide and its boundary with the subcortical white matter is not distinct. The other subdivisions of area 8 are area 8 beta of Vogts, area 8 gamma of Vogts, and area 8 delta of Vogts ( Vogts-1919 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 8 alpha of Vogts","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area 8 alpha","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. 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Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 8 of Vogts","parentNeuroNamesId":"956","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=956","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Ancillary Nervous System","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"area 8 of Vogts","parentNeuroNamesId":"956","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=956","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Vogts Areas Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"935","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"928924128","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 8 beta of Vogts","standardAcronym":"8 beta","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=935","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of area 8 of Brodmann (guenon). It is one of 4 parts of area 8 that differ in cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture. It differs from area 8 gamma of Vogts in that the external pyramidal layer (III) is narrower, the cell density of the internal granular layer (IV) is less, and the cellular sublayer of the internal pyramidal layer (V) is narrower, less cellular and less distinct. The other subdivisions of area 8 are area 8 alpha of Vogts, area 8 gamma of Vogts, and area 8 delta of Vogts ( Vogts-1919 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 8 beta of Vogts","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area 8 beta","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. 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It differs from area 8 alpha of Vogts in that the external pyramidal layer (III), the internal granular layer (IV) and the internal pyramidal layer (V) are clearly wider. The other subdivisions of area 8 are area 8 alpha of Vogts, area 8 beta of Vogts, and area 8 gamma of Vogts ( Vogts-1919 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"area 8 delta of Vogts","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area 8 delta","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Feld 8 delta","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. 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It differs from neighboring area 10a of Vogts in that area 10a has a narrower layer I, a narrower less cellular layer IV, a more distinct division of layer V into a narrower, more cellular sublayer Va and a wider, less cellular sublayer Vb, and a distinctly less cellular layer VI. Area 8 gamma is one of 4 parts of area 8. The others are area 8 alpha of Vogts, area 8 beta of Vogts, and area 8 delta of Vogts ( Vogts-1919 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 8 gamma of Vogts","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area 8 gamma","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. 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Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 8 of Vogts","parentNeuroNamesId":"956","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=956","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Ancillary Nervous System","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"area 8 of Vogts","parentNeuroNamesId":"956","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=956","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Vogts Areas Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"938","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1044041177","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 19a of Vogts","standardAcronym":"19a","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=938","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of area 19 of Vogts based on cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture in the guenon. 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Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 19 of Vogts","parentNeuroNamesId":"957","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=957","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Ancillary Nervous System","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"area 19 of Vogts","parentNeuroNamesId":"957","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=957","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Vogts Areas Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"939","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"149993387","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 22a of Vogts","standardAcronym":"22a","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=939","cDefinition":"refers to an area of the cerebral cortex of the guenon that is defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture. It is divided into three parts: area 22a alpha of Vogts, area 22a beta of Vogts and area 22a gamma of Vogts. The authors regarded it as topologically homologous to area 22 of Brodmann (guenon) and area 22 of Mauss. They did not define an area 22b ( Vogts-1919 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 22a of Vogts","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area 22a","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Feld 22a","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. 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The Vogts regarded it as topologically homologous to the cytoarchitectonic area 6 of Brodmann (guenon). They divided it into two divisions, area 6a of Vogts and area 6b of Vogts, each of which was further subdivided into an alpha and a beta subdivision ( Vogts-1919 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 6 of Vogts","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area 6","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"496"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Feld 6","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. 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They differ in that, whereas area 6a is agranular, i.e., lacks an internal granular layer (IV), area 6b is dysgranular. Each is further subdivided into two subareas which, for area 6a, are area 6a alpha of Vogts and area 6a beta of Vogts ( Vogts-1919 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"area 6a of Vogts","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area 6a","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. 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The alpha subarea is more caudal; the beta subarea more rostral. Areas 6a alpha and beta differ in that in area 6a beta the molecular layer (I) and the zone extending from the third sublayer of the external pyramidal layer (III) through the internal pyramidal layer (V) are narrower, and the differentiation of layer V into a cell-rich sublayer (Va) and a cell-poor sublayer (Vb) is clearer ( Vogts-1919 ). See also preSMA.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 6a beta of Vogts","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area 6a beta","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. 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Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 6a of Vogts","parentNeuroNamesId":"941","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=941","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Ancillary Nervous System","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"area 6a of Vogts","parentNeuroNamesId":"941","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=941","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Vogts Areas Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"943","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"822771365","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 1 of Vogts","standardAcronym":"1","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=943","cDefinition":"refers to an area of the cerebral cortex defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture and cytoarchitecture in the guenon. The authors regarded it as the same as area 1 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Vogts-1919 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 1 of Vogts","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area 1","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"1123"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"Vogts' areas","parentNeuroNamesId":"954","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=954","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Ancillary Nervous System","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"Vogts Areas Hierarchy","parentNeuroNamesId":"2574","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2574","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Vogts Areas Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"944","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1495125271","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 2 of Vogts","standardAcronym":"2","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=944","cDefinition":"refers to an area of the cerebral cortex defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture and cytoarchitecture in the guenon. The authors regarded it as the same as area 2 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Vogts-1919 ). Authors von Bonin and Bailey disputed the existence of area 2, which they sought unsuccessfully to identify in the macaque as area PD of Bonin ( Bonin-1947 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 2 of Vogts","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area 2","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"1042"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"Vogts' areas","parentNeuroNamesId":"954","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=954","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Ancillary Nervous System","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"Vogts Areas Hierarchy","parentNeuroNamesId":"2574","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2574","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Vogts Areas Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"945","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"981872625","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 3a of Vogts","standardAcronym":"3a","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=945","cDefinition":"refers to an area of the cerebral cortex originally defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture and cytoarchitecture in the guenon. It is located deep on the posterior wall and fundus of the central sulcus. It only emerges on the cortical surface at the lower end of the sulcus. It represents a portion of area 3 of Brodmann (guenon) that Brodmann regarded as transitional to area 4 of Brodmann (guenon). The Vogts distinguished it as one of two subdivisions of area 3. The other was area 3b of Vogts ( Vogts-1919 ). 'Area 3a' continues to be the most common name for the structure. It is now recognized as differing from 3b not only in architecture but by its input, which comes primarily from muscle receptors, its output rostrally to motor cortex as well as caudally to area 2 of Brodmann (guenon) and its more direct involvement in motor function than 3b. Functionally it is a subdivision of the somatosensory cortex. It is considered to be equivalent to area 3a in the human and the macaque ( Kaas-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 3a of Vogts","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area PA of Economo","synonymSource":"Kaas-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Somatosensory System","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area 3a","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"109"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Feld 3a","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 3 of Vogts","parentNeuroNamesId":"950","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=950","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Ancillary Nervous System","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"area 3 of Vogts","parentNeuroNamesId":"950","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=950","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Vogts Areas Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"946","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1823168575","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 3b of Vogts","standardAcronym":"3b","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=946","cDefinition":"refers to an area of the cerebral cortex originally defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture and cytoarchitecture in the guenon. It represented the portion of area 3 of Brodmann (guenon) that Brodmann regarded as transitional to area 4 of Brodmann (guenon). The Vogts distinguished it as one of two subdivisions of area 3. The other was area 3a of Vogts ( Vogts-1919 ). 'Area 3b' continues to be the most common name for the structure. It is now recognized as differing from 3a not only in architecture but by its input, which comes primarily from skin receptors, its output caudally and reciprocally to area 1 of Brodmann ( guenon ), area 2 of Brodmann (guenon) and the second somatosensory area and its more direct involvement in sensory functions than 3a. Functionally it is a subdivision of the somatosensory cortex. It is considered equivalent to area 3b in the human and the macaque ( Kaas-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 3b of Vogts","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area PB of Economo","synonymSource":"Kaas-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Somatosensory System","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 3bS-I proper","synonymSource":"Kaas-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Somatosensory System","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area 3b","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. 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Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 3 of Vogts","parentNeuroNamesId":"950","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=950","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Ancillary Nervous System","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"area 3 of Vogts","parentNeuroNamesId":"950","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=950","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Vogts Areas Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"947","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"361752781","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 5a of Vogts","standardAcronym":"5a","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=947","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of area 5 of Brodmann (guenon) based on cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture. It is one of two parts of area 5. The other is area 5b of Vogts ( Vogts-1919 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 5a of Vogts","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area 5a","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"13"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Feld 5a","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. 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The other is area 5a of Vogts ( Vogts-1919 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 5b of Vogts","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area 5b","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"10"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Feld 5b","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 5 of Vogts","parentNeuroNamesId":"955","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=955","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Ancillary Nervous System","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"area 5 of Vogts","parentNeuroNamesId":"955","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=955","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Vogts Areas Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"949","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1550110904","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 7b of Vogts","standardAcronym":"7b","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=949","cDefinition":"refers to one of two divisions of area 7 of Brodmann (guenon) based on myeloarchitecture and cytoarchitecture. The other is area 7a of Vogts. They differ in that area 7b has larger pyramidal cells in a wider external pyramidal layer (III), a more distinct sublayer Va of the internal pyramidal layer (V) and a wider multiform layer (VI) than area 7a ( Vogts-1919 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 7b of Vogts","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area 7b","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"45"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Feld 7b","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 7 of Vogts","parentNeuroNamesId":"953","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=953","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Ancillary Nervous System","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"area 7 of Vogts","parentNeuroNamesId":"953","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=953","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Vogts Areas Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"950","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1614352945","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 3 of Vogts","standardAcronym":"3","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=950","cDefinition":"refers to an area of the cerebral cortex defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture and cytoarchitecture in the guenon. It consists of two subdivisions, area 3a of Vogts and area 3b of Vogts. The authors regarded it as cytoarchitecturally and myeloarchitecturally the same as area 3 of Brodmann (guenon), though Brodmann drew it on the surface of the postcentral gyrus rather than in the caudal bank of the central sulcus ( Vogts-1919 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 3 of Vogts","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area 3","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"640"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Feld 3","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"Vogts' areas","parentNeuroNamesId":"954","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=954","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Ancillary Nervous System","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"Vogts Areas Hierarchy","parentNeuroNamesId":"2574","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2574","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Vogts Areas Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"951","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1333105728","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 4 of Vogts","standardAcronym":"4","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=951","cDefinition":"refers to an area of the cerebral cortex defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture and cytoarchitecture in the guenon. It consists of three subdivisions, area 4a of Vogts, area 4b of Vogts and area 4c of Vogts. The authors regarded it as the same as area 4 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Vogts-1919 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 4 of Vogts","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area 4","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"727"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Feld 4","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"Vogts' areas","parentNeuroNamesId":"954","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=954","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Ancillary Nervous System","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"Vogts Areas Hierarchy","parentNeuroNamesId":"2574","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2574","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Vogts Areas Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"952","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1005789843","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 9 of Vogts","standardAcronym":"9","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=952","cDefinition":"refers to an area of the cerebral cortex defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture and cytoarchitecture in the guenon. It consists of four subdivisions, area 9a of Vogts, area 9b of Vogts, area 9c of Vogts, and area 9d of Vogts. The authors regarded it as the same as area 9 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Vogts-1919 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 9 of Vogts","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area 9","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"359"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Feld 9","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"Vogts' areas","parentNeuroNamesId":"954","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=954","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Ancillary Nervous System","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"Vogts Areas Hierarchy","parentNeuroNamesId":"2574","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2574","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Vogts Areas Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"953","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-622471024","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 7 of Vogts","standardAcronym":"7","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=953","cDefinition":"refers to an area of the cerebral cortex defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture and cytoarchitecture in the guenon. It consists of two subdivisions, area 7a of Vogts and area 7b of Vogts. The authors regarded it as the same as area 7 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Vogts-1919 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 7 of Vogts","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area 7","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"351"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Feld 7","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"Vogts' areas","parentNeuroNamesId":"954","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=954","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Ancillary Nervous System","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"Vogts Areas Hierarchy","parentNeuroNamesId":"2574","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2574","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Vogts Areas Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"954","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"413","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Vogts' areas","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=954","cDefinition":"refers to a classification of human cerebral cortex into more than 200 subdivisions based on cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture by Cecile and Oskar Vogt ( Carpenter-1983 ). It also refers to a classification of lateral and dorsal cortical areas of the frontal lobe, the parietal lobe and the lateral temporal lobe of the guenon (Cercopithecus) into some 36 areas ( Vogts-1919 ). Cecile and Oskar Vogt worked in the same institute as Brodmann and Mauss ( Brodmann-1905, Brodmann-1909, Mauss-1908 ). Their classification scheme for cortical areas in the guenon was an extension of the segmentations produced by those authors. While the maps of Brodmann and Mauss were based on three brain specimens each, the Vogts' study included some 100 specimens. Their illustration of cortical areas differed from those of Brodmann in that they subdivided many of Brodmann's areas, they did not draw boundaries hidden in sulci on the surface of the brain, and their report included an extensive description of the character of the transitions from one cortical area to another. ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"cortical areas of the Vogts","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"cortical maps of the Vogts","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Vogts' areas","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Vogts' cortical areas","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Ancillary Nervous System","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"955","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"567082895","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 5 of Vogts","standardAcronym":"5","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=955","cDefinition":"refers to an area of the cerebral cortex defined on the basis of myeloarchitecture and cytoarchitecture in the guenon. It consists of two subdivisions, area 5a of Vogts and area 5b of Vogts. The authors regarded it as the same as area 5 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Vogts-1919 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 5 of Vogts","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area 5","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"510"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Feld 5","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. 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It consists of four subdivisions, area 8 alpha of Vogts, area 8 beta of Vogts, area 8 gamma of Vogts, and area 8 delta of Vogts. The authors regarded it as the same as area 8 of Brodmann (guenon) but topologically different from area 8 of Mauss ( Vogts-1919 ). Its equivalent in the macaque is area 8A; the map by the Vogts has no equivalent to area 8B in the macaque.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 8 of Vogts","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area 8","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. 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Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"Vogts' areas","parentNeuroNamesId":"954","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=954","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Ancillary Nervous System","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"Vogts Areas Hierarchy","parentNeuroNamesId":"2574","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2574","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Vogts Areas Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"957","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1850371793","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 19 of Vogts","standardAcronym":"19","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=957","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cerebral cortex of the guenon defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture. It is composed of two divisions, area 19a of Vogts and area 19b of Vogts ( Vogts-1919 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 19 of Vogts","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area 19","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"166"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Feld 19","synonymSource":"Vogts-1919","synonymSourceTitle":"Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. Dritte Mitteilung. Die architektonische Rindenfelderung im Lichte unserer neuesten Forschungen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"Vogts' areas","parentNeuroNamesId":"954","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=954","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Ancillary Nervous System","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"Vogts Areas Hierarchy","parentNeuroNamesId":"2574","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2574","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Vogts Areas Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"958","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"122219355","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventral orbital area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=958","cDefinition":"refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined area of the cerebral cortex in the rat and mouse. A subdivision of orbital areas (rodent), it is located between the medial orbital area and the lateral orbital area of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001; Hof-2000 ). In the rat, it neighbors the ventrolateral orbital area as well ( Swanson-2004 ). \r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"ventral orbital cortex","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"7"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"orbital area, ventral part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"ORBvl","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rodent","synonymName":"ventral orbital area","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"6"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"orbital area ventral part","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"orbital areas (rodent)","parentNeuroNamesId":"1913","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1913","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"959","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1025","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 8 of Walker","standardAcronym":"8","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=959","cDefinition":"refers to a portion of the frontal lobe of the macaque defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and function. It is composed of area 8A of Walker and area 8B of Walker, both of which have a \"faint but definite granular layer.\" Area 8B is further distinguished by \"fairly large pyramidal cells in the fifth layer.\" Electrical stimulation of either component elicits eye movements. Walker regarded it as cytoarchitecturally and functionally homologous to area 8 of Brodmann (human) ( Walker-1940 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 8 of Walker","synonymSource":"Walker-1940","synonymSourceTitle":"A cytoarchitectural study of the prefrontal area of the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"960","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1031","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 10 of Walker","standardAcronym":"10","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=960","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the frontal lobe of the macaque defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It is \"narrow cortex with a well-developed [internal granular layer] and medium-sized pyramidal cells in the outer part of the fifth layer. The remainder of the fifth and sixth layers are poorly developed.\" Walker regarded the most likely cytoarchitectural homologue in the area 10 of Brodmann (human); he did not regard it as a cytoarchitectural homologue of area 10 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Walker-1940 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 10 of Walker","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"961","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1032","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 11 of Walker","standardAcronym":"11","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=961","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the frontal lobe of the macaque (Macaca) defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. The third layer contains small, evenly arranged cells. In the fifth layer there is a \"heaping up\" of medium-sized pyramidal cells. The fourth layer, internal granular layer, is well-defined, an observation which Walker cites as contrary to the description of cortex in the corresponding location in the guenon (Cercopithecus; Brodmann-1905). Walker regarded the most likely cytoarchitecural homologue in the human to be area 11 of Brodmann (human) ( Walker-1940 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 11 of Walker","synonymSource":"Walker-1940","synonymSourceTitle":"A cytoarchitectural study of the prefrontal area of the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"962","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1029","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 46 of Walker","standardAcronym":"46","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=962","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the frontal lobe of the macaque (Macaca) defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. The first layer is wide, and the second and third layers are as wide or wider than the fifth and sixth layers. The third layer contains sparse, small pyramidal cells. The fourth layer, internal granular layer, is well developed and adjoins a layer of medium-sized pyramidal cells in the outer part of layer five. Walker regarded the most likely cytoarchitectural homologue in the human to be the middle frontal area 46 of Brodmann (human) ( Walker-1940 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 46 of Walker","synonymSource":"Walker-1940","synonymSourceTitle":"A cytoarchitectural study of the prefrontal area of the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"963","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1033","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 12 of Walker","standardAcronym":"12","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=963","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the frontal lobe in the macaque (Macaca) defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. Located at the frontal pole, it is characterized by a thin third layer, a \"feeble\" fourth, internal granular layer, and thick undifferentiated fifth and sixth layers. Walker regarded the most likely cytoarchitectural homologue in the human to be area 12 of Brodmann (human); he did not regard it has homologous to area 12 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Walker-1940 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 12 of Walker","synonymSource":"Walker-1940","synonymSourceTitle":"A cytoarchitectural study of the prefrontal area of the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"964","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1034","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 13 of Walker","standardAcronym":"13","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=964","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the frontal lobe of the macaque (Macaca) defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. Compared to area 11 of Walker, it is a \"fairly wide cortex\" with a fainter fourth layer, internal granular layer, and \"more loosely arranged\" cells. Compared to area 12 of Walker, the fifth and sixth layers are wider. Walker did not recognize a cytoarchitectural homologue in the human as defined in Brodmann-1909 ( Walker-1940 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 13 of Walker","synonymSource":"Walker-1940","synonymSourceTitle":"A cytoarchitectural study of the prefrontal area of the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 13 of Walker","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"965","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1030","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 9 of Walker","standardAcronym":"9","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=965","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the frontal lobe of the macaque defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It is a somewhat heterogeneous area that differs from area 46 of Walker by an absence of radial striations, a narrower internal granular layer, and a less orderly arrangement of cells. On the surface facing the longitudinal fissure, the cortex is thinner and cells in the third layer are smaller than in area 46 of Walker. Walker regarded the most likely cytoarchitectural homologue in the human to be area 9 of Brodmann-1909 (human) ( Walker-1940 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 9 of Walker","synonymSource":"Walker-1940","synonymSourceTitle":"A cytoarchitectural study of the prefrontal area of the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 9 of Walker","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"966","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1550186965","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"prefrontal cortex (Walker)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=966","cDefinition":"refers to the most rostral portion of the frontal lobe of the macaque \"anterior to the arcuate sulcus on the lateral, ventral and medial surfaces of the lobe\" ( Walker-1940 ). It includes eleven cytoarchitectural areas and parts of two others identified by Nissl stain. More than 40 specimens were cut in various planes to assure accurate measurement of cortical thickness. Observing that Brodmann-1909 and the Vogts-1919 had used different numbers to represent cytoarchitecturally equivalent areas in the macaque-like guenon and the human, Walker renamed several areas to coincide with the names Brodmann had given to equivalent areas in the human ( Brodmann-1909 ). \r\nMost investigators studying this region since the 1940s have based their terminology on that of Walker-1940. For more recent and more detailed segmentations based on multiple stains and connectivity in the macaque and the human see prefrontal cortex ( Carmichael-1994; Ongur-2003 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"cortical areas of Walker","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"Walker's cortical areas","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"Walker's areas","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"cortical maps of Walker","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"prefrontal cortex (M)","synonymSource":"Walker-1940","synonymSourceTitle":"A cytoarchitectural study of the prefrontal area of the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"prefrontal cortex (Walker)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"968","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1046904251","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area FA of Bonin","standardAcronym":"FA","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=968","cDefinition":"refers to an area of the cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the macaque. It is defined as agranular cortex containing Betz cells in the internal pyramidal layer (V) ( Bonin-1947 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area FA of Bonin","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"969","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-766663282","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area PB of Bonin","standardAcronym":"PB","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=969","cDefinition":"refers to an area of the cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the macaque. It is located in the posterior wall of the central sulcus and extends as a narrow strip onto the surface of the hemisphere caudal to the sulcus. It is thin granulous cortex ( Bonin-1947 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area PB of Bonin","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"970","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1874460761","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area FB of Bonin","standardAcronym":"FB","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=970","cDefinition":"refers to an area of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the macaque. It was described as \"thick agranular cortex without Betz cells in v\" [the internal pyramidal layer]. The authors regarded area FB and area FBA of Bonin together as homologous to area FB in the human (as defined by Economo-1925). Certain features that distinguished area FB from area FA of Bonin in the human were less distinct or absent in the macaque, namely, the slight thinning of cortex, distinct border with FA, finer more radiate arrangement of cells, total absence of Betz cells, broadening of layer III [external pyramidal layer], and large cells in iii ( Bonin-1947 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"area FB of Bonin","synonymSource":"Bonin-1947","synonymSourceTitle":"The Neocortex of Macaca Mulatta","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"971","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1315719979","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area FBA of Bonin","standardAcronym":"FBA","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=971","cDefinition":"refers to an area of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the macaque. Separated from area FB of Bonin by the spur of the arcuate sulcus (macaque) and bounded ventrally by the anterior subcentral sulcus, it is distinguished from area FB by 'larger cells in v [internal pyramidal layer], but usually not large enough to be called Betz cells\". The authors regarded area FB and FBA together as homologous to the human area FB of Economo with distinctions described for area FB of Bonin ( Bonin-1947 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area FBA of Bonin","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"972","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1046973404","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area FC of Bonin","standardAcronym":"FC","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=972","cDefinition":"refers to an area of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the macaque. The area labeled FC was described together with area FCBm of Bonin and area FCop of Bonin as \"a zone which surrounds the frontal lobe… anterior to the agranular cortex... which contains but a feeble granular layer.\" The authors regarded it as homologous to area FC of the human as defined by Economo ( Bonin-1947 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area FC of Bonin","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"973","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1642594942","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area FCBm of Bonin","standardAcronym":"FCBm","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=973","cDefinition":"refers to an area of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the macaque. The area labeled FCBm was described together with area FC of Bonin and area FCop of Bonin as \"a zone which surrounds the frontal lobe… anterior to the agranular cortex… which contains but a feeble granular layer.\" Because of \"the tendency for cells of iiic to become prominent,\" the authors regarded it as homologous to area FCBm of the human as defined by Economo ( Bonin-1947 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area FCBm of Bonin","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"974","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1593553050","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area FCop of Bonin","standardAcronym":"FCop","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=974","cDefinition":"refers to an area of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the macaque. The area labeled FCop was described together with area FC of Bonin and area FCBm of Bonin as \"a zone which surrounds the frontal lobe… anterior to the agranular cortex… which contains but a feeble granular layer.\" The cortex was thinner in this area, which led the authors to regard it as homologous to area FCop of the human as defined by Economo ( Bonin-1947 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area FCop of Bonin","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"975","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1047070257","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area FD of Bonin","standardAcronym":"FD","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=975","cDefinition":"refers to an area of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the macaque. Located in the most rostral portion of the frontal lobe it is distinguished from area FC of Bonin by an internal granular layer that is thicker and by an increase in the number and size of \"cells of va\". The authors regarded area FD as a \"vast undifferentiated area\" in which \"sometimes the cells are smaller, sometimes larger; sometimes the cortex is thicker, sometimes thinner, but theses variations seem inconstant and unimportant.\" Area FD encompassed multiple areas defined by earlier authors, e.g., area 9 of Walker, area 10 of Walker, area 11 of Walker, area 12 of Walker and part of area 25 of Walker ( Bonin-1947 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area FD of Bonin","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"976","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1230401925","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area FD gamma of Bonin","standardAcronym":"FD gamma","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=976","cDefinition":"refers to an area of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the macaque. Located in the rostral bank of the inferior ramus of the arcuate sulcus and adjacent cortical surface, area FD gamma was distinguished from area FD of Bonin by a more prominent distribution of \"big cells in iiic and va.\" The authors regarded it as the same as area 45 of Walker and area 8 of Vogts and homogous to area FD gamma of Economo and triangular area 45 of Brodmann (human) ( Bonin-1947 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area FD gamma of Bonin-1947","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"977","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1880610649","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area FD delta of Bonin","standardAcronym":"FD delta","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=977","cDefinition":"refers to an area of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the macaque. Located along the principal sulcus rostral to the arcuate sulcus, it is distinguished from area FD of Bonin in that the cells in layers other than the internal granular layer are smaller and \"the usual dense va is much less obvious… ii and iii are unusually thick.\" The authors regarded it as the same as area 46 of Walker in the macaque and homologous to area FD delta of Economo in the human ( Bonin-1947 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area FD delta of Bonin","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"978","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"905143693","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area FF of Bonin","standardAcronym":"FF","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=978","cDefinition":"refers to an area of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the macaque. The authors regarded it as homologous to the human area FF as defined by Economo ( Bonin-1947 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area FF of Bonin","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"979","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1527729408","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area FL of Bonin","standardAcronym":"FL","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=979","cDefinition":"refers to an area of the cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the macaque. Located on the inferior medial surface of the frontal lobe it is distinguished from area FD of Bonin in that the cells of sublayer c of external pyramidal layer are less distinctive and more similar to those of sublayers a and b of external pyramidal layer ( Bonin-1947 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area FL of Bonin","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"980","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-442007355","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area LA of Bonin","standardAcronym":"LA","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=980","cDefinition":"refers to an area of the anterior cingulate gyrus in the macaque as defined by cytoarchitecture. The authors regarded area LA together with area FL of Bonin as the same as area 24 of Brodmann-1909 (guenon) ( Bonin-1947 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area LA of Bonin","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"981","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-738600131","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area LC of Bonin","standardAcronym":"aLC","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=981","cDefinition":"refers to an area of the posterior cingulate gyrus in the macaque as defined by cytoarchitecture. It borders, and is virtually indistinguishable from, area FDL of Bonin. The authors regarded it as the same as area 23 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Bonin-1947 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area LC of Bonin","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"982","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1689864452","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area OA of Bonin","standardAcronym":"OA","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=982","cDefinition":"refers to an area of the occipital lobe in the macaque defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It is located immediately anterior to area OB of Bonin. The cortical thickness is highly variable within and across subjects, and the boundary with area OB is very indistinct. In comparison to area OB, \"About all one can say is that the cells of iiic grow smaller and there are fewer large cells in va.\" The anterior border with area PG of Bonin is distinguished by PG's greater thickness, reduced lamination, and increased cellularity of the internal pyramidal layer. Otherwise, the anterior boundaries of OA are indistinct ( Bonin-1947 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area OA of Bonin","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"983","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1277460140","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area OB of Bonin","standardAcronym":"OB","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=983","cDefinition":"refers to an area of the occipital lobe in the macaque defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It is located immediately anterior to area OC of Bonin. The boundary with area OC is defined distinctly by the abrupt thinning of the prominent internal granular layer of OC. Near the margin \"there are especially large cells in iiic to form what Economo calls in man OB gamma,\" a finding reported in many primate species. The anterior boundary of area OB with area OA of Bonin is very indistinct ( Bonin-1947 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area OB of Bonin","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"984","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-604012377","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area OC of Bonin","standardAcronym":"OC","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=984","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the occipital lobe of the macaque defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. Identified with primary visual cortex, it \"stretches widely over the lateral aspect of the occipital lobe almost to the lunate sulcus of the macaque anteriorly and to the inferior occipital sulcus ventrally. \"On the medial surface it rapidly narrows as it passes forward and sinks into the depths of the calcarine sulcus. It is the \"most pronounced\" granulous cortex and relatively thin ( Bonin-1947 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area OC of Bonin","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"985","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1052257294","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area PC of Bonin","standardAcronym":"PC","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=985","cDefinition":"refers to an area of the cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the macaque. It is a 5mm wide strip of isocortex located in the parietal lobe posterior to the central sulcus. It extends as a narrow strip onto the medial surface of the hemisphere to the cingulate sulcus and on the lateral surface ventrally to the lateral fissure. The ventral-most portion, area PCop of Bonin extends into the frontal lobe below the ventral end of the central sulcus where it is bounded by area FCop of Bonin at the level of the anterior subcentral sulcus ( Bonin-1947 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"area PC of Bonin","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"986","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1516639975","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area PCop of Bonin","standardAcronym":"PCop","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=986","cDefinition":"refers to an area of the cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the macaque. It is the subdivision of area PC of Bonin that extends into the frontal lobe below the ventral end of the central sulcus to the anterior subcentral sulcus where it is bounded by area FCop of Bonin. It is atypical in structure and thinner than the more dorsal part of PC ( Bonin-1947 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"area PCop of Bonin","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"987","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1544722821","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area PE of Bonin","standardAcronym":"PE","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=987","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the parietal lobe of the macaque defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It is composed of area PEm of Bonin and area PEp of Bonin ( Bonin-1947 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area PE of Bonin","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"988","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"271789781","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area PEm of Bonin","standardAcronym":"PEm","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=988","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the parietal lobe of the macaque defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It is thicker than area PC of Bonin and \"is well laminated with a thick internal granular layer. There is a striking clear zone in v, and this layer contains some very large pyramidal cells, almost as large as the largest Betz cells.\" A number of other authors who have reported these cells are cited ( Bonin-1947 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area PEm of Bonin","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"989","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-300467708","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area PF of Bonin","standardAcronym":"PF","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=989","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the parietal lobe of the macaque defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It is located anterior to area PG of Bonin. It is similar to area PG except that it is thinner and the cells of sublayer c of external pyramidal layer are larger ( Bonin-1947 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area PF of Bonin","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"990","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"698607027","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area PG of Bonin","standardAcronym":"PG","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=990","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the parietal lobe of the macaque defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It \"is characterized by being unusually thick for parietal cortex, by the compactness of its small cells, by its fine radiations, by the vagueness of its horizontal stratification and by unusually thick v and vi, with v less clear than elsewhere\" ( Bonin-1947 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area PG of Bonin","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"991","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1991535104","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area TA of Bonin","standardAcronym":"TA","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=991","cDefinition":"refers to an area of the temporal lobe of the macaque defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It occupies approximately the posterior four fifths of the superior temporal gyrus. It differs from area TE of Bonin in that the internal pyramidal layer is much more cellular than that of area TE ( Bonin-1947 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area TA of Bonin","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"992","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-965274067","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area TE of Bonin","standardAcronym":"TE","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=992","cDefinition":"refers to an area of the temporal lobe of the macaque defined by cytoarchitecture. It is located ventral to the superior temporal sulcus. Commenting on its \"striking resemblance\" to area OA of Bonin, the authors define no differences from that area. They regard it as including area 20 of Brodmann (guenon) and area 21 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Bonin-1947 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area TE of Bonin","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"993","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1186866540","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area TF of Bonin","standardAcronym":"TF","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=993","cDefinition":"refers to an area on the ventral surface of the temporal lobe in the macaque that is defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It is located largely in the fusiform gyrus. Compared to area TE of Bonin the cortex is thinner, especially the internal pyramidal layer (V) and multiform layer (VI), and \"there is clearly visible… the characteristic which Economo gives for this region in man: 'the substratum Vb directly below has large cells… less densely arranged… so that Vb appears distinctly lighter… than the above stratum… Sometimes the cells in the upper layer Va are also less compactly arranged and this part of the stratum is then paler, which makes V show with a darker intermediate band between its upper and lower lighter rows'\" ( Bonin-1947 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area TF of Bonin","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"994","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-357757781","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area TH of Bonin","standardAcronym":"TH","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=994","cDefinition":"refers to an area on the ventral surface of the temporal lobe of the macaque that is defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It is very similar to area TF of Boning-1947 differing only in that its internal pyramidal layer (V) is more dense. The authors regarded it as homologous to the human area TH of Economo-1929 ( Bonin-1947 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area TH of Bonin","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"995","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1792800158","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area TB of Bonin","standardAcronym":"TB","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=995","cDefinition":"refers to patchy areas of large cells distributed in area TC of Bonin which the authors regarded as similar in internal structure to area TB of Economo in the human ( Bonin-1947 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area TB of Bonin","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"996","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1785538998","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area TC of Bonin","standardAcronym":"TC","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=996","cDefinition":"refers to an area of the superior temporal gyrus in the macaque defined by cytoarchitecture. It is a relatively thick area of granulous cortex located in the inferior wall of the lateral fissure from about the middle of the insula posteriorly for a distance of 10 to 12mm ( Bonin-1947 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area TC of Bonin","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"997","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1389496400","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area FDL of Bonin","standardAcronym":"FDL","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=997","cDefinition":"refers to an area of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the macaque. It is located on the medial surface of the frontal lobe where it occupies both walls of the cingulate sulcus. A part of area FD of Bonin, it differs little from the rest of area FD and the authors did not delineate it in their map of cortical areas. It is continuous with, and virtually indistinguishable from area LC of Bonin. They regarded it as homologous to an area of similar structure and location described by Economo-1929 in the human ( Bonin-1947 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area FDL of Bonin","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"998","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-906420234","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area PA of Bonin","standardAcronym":"PA","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=998","cDefinition":"refers to an area of the cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the macaque. It is a \"narrow zone in the depth of the posterior wall\" of the central sulcus that differs from the adjacent area FA of Bonin in that it is of \"a thinner laminated type. The two granular layers appear and layer v clears. It may also be seen\" on the medial surface of the hemisphere. The authors did not delineate area PA in their map of cortical areas. They regarded it as a transition zone between area FA and area PB of Bonin homologous to area PA as described by Economo in the human ( Bonin-1947 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area PA of Bonin","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"999","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-655889448","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area FDE of Bonin","standardAcronym":"FDE","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=999","cDefinition":"refers to an area of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the macaque. It is located at the frontal pole. A part of area FD of Bonin, it differs from the rest of area FD in that it is thinner and the cells are somewhat smaller. The authors did not delineate it in their map of cortical area ( Bonin-1947 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area FDE of Bonin","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1000","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"411","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Bonin and Bailey's areas","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1000","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"cortical maps of Bonin and Bailey","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"von Bonin and Bailey's areas","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Bonin and Bailey's areas","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"areas of von Bonin and Bailey","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Bonin's areas","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1001","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"800719605","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area PFC of Bonin","standardAcronym":"PFC","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1001","cDefinition":"refers to an area of the cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the macaque. It is a transition zone between area PC of Bonin and area PF of Bonin ( Bonin-1947 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"area PFC of Bonin","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1002","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1052411673","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area IA of Bonin","standardAcronym":"IA","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1002","cDefinition":"refers to an area of the insula in the macaque as defined by cytoarchitecture. Located in the anterior part of the insula, it was identified by the authors as homologous to the human area IA of Economo-1929 ( Bonin-1947 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area IA of Bonin-1947","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area IA of Bonin","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1003","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1626774349","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area PEp of Bonin","standardAcronym":"PEp","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1003","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the parietal lobe of the macaque defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It lies caudal to area PEm of Bonin. It is identical to area PEm except for a lack of the very large pyramidal cells seen in the internal pyramidal layer (V) of PEm. The authors labeled it simply PE in their cortical map. They regarded it as a part of area 7 of Brodmann (guenon); the other part was distinguished as area PG of Bonin ( Bonin-1947 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area PEp of Bonin","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1004","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1744894955","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area IB of Bonin","standardAcronym":"IB","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1004","cDefinition":"refers to an area of the insula in the macaque as defined by cytoarchitecture. Located in the posterior part of the insula, it was identified by the authors as homologous to the human area IB of Economo-1929 ( Bonin-1947 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area IB of Bonin","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1005","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2062736193","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area PD of Bonin","standardAcronym":"PD","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1005","cDefinition":"refers to an area of cerebral cortex that von Bonin and Bailey tried unsuccessfully to identify by cytoarchitecture in Macaca mulatta. They provide a detailed analysis of reports by previous authors in support of their contention that it does not exist. It would correspond to area 2 of Brodmann (guenon), and area 2 of Vogts in the guenon and to area PD of Economo-1929 in the human ( Bonin-1947 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area PD of Bonin","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1006","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1042","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 3 of Brodmann (guenon)","standardAcronym":"3","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1006","cDefinition":"refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined portion of cerebral cortex of the guenon that is located predominantly in the postcentral gyrus, but ventrally in a portion of the precentral gyrus as well. Brodmann-1909 regarded it as topographically and cytoarchitecturally homologous to area 3 of Brodmann (human). Distinctive features ( Brodmann-1905 ): compared to area 1 of Brodmann (guenon) and area 2 of Brodmann (guenon) the cortical thickness of area 3 is unusually thin, in fact, among the thinnest areas of the cerebral cortex; the cells of sublayer 3b of the external pyramidal layer (III) are smaller, plumper and more densely distributed in a tighter strip; cells of the internal granular layer (IV) are distributed more sparsely; the internal pyramidal layer (V) is relatively clear with scattered large to very large pyramid shaped ganglion cells separated by tangentially oriented fiber bundles; the multiform layer (VI) is composed of a dense population of homogeneously distributed cells such that sublayers are absent and the boundary with the subcortical white matter is distinct. According to Roberts-1963 the external granular layer (II), layer III and layer IV are not clearly demarcated from each other and are all densely packed with small cells.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"rostral postcentral area","synonymSource":"Garey-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Brodmann's 'Localisation in the Cerebral Cortex'","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 3 of Brodmann (guenon)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 3","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area postcentralis oralis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Feld 3","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1007","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1043865377","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 24 of Brodmann-1905 (guenon)","standardAcronym":"24","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1007","cDefinition":"refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined area of the cerebral cortex in the guenon. It includes portions of the cingulate gyrus and the frontal lobe. The cortex is thin; it lacks the internal granular layer (IV) so that the densely distributed, plump pyramidal cells of sublayer 3b of the external pyramidal layer (III) merge with similar cells of the internal pyramidal layer (V); the multiform layer (VI) is very thin ( Brodmann-1905 ). Note that Brodmann later divided this area into two areas, area 24 of Brodmann-1909 (guenon) and area 25 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Brodmann-1909 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"anterior cingulate area","synonymSource":"Garey-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Brodmann's 'Localisation in the Cerebral Cortex'","pubMedHits":"47"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"agranular cingulate area","synonymSource":"Garey-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Brodmann's 'Localisation in the Cerebral Cortex'","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 24 of Brodmann-1905 (guenon)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 24","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"14"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Gyrus limbicus anterior","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1905","synonymSourceTitle":"Beitraege zur histologischen Lokalisation der Grosshirnrinde: dritte Mitteilung: Die Rindenfelder der niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Typus 24","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1905","synonymSourceTitle":"Beitraege zur histologischen Lokalisation der Grosshirnrinde: dritte Mitteilung: Die Rindenfelder der niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1008","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-2049637081","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 14 of Brodmann","standardAcronym":"14","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1008","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cerebral cortex of the guenon defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It differs most clearly from area 13 of Brodmann in that it lacks a distinct internal granular layer (IV). Other differences are a less distinct external granular layer (II), a widening of the relatively cell-free zone of the external pyramidal layer (III); cells in the internal pyramidal layer (V) are denser and rounded; and the cells of the multiform layer (VI) assume a more distinct tangential orientation ( Brodmann-1905 ).\r\nBrodmann's area 14 is unrelated to area 14 of Walker and area 14 (macaque), which are located in the orbital gyri. It is more equivalent to the dysgranular insula or the dysgranular insular cortex (Roberts) of later architectonic segmentations. ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"area 14 of Brodmann (guenon)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 14","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"area 14 of Brodmann","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-2000","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Insula anterior","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1905","synonymSourceTitle":"Beitraege zur histologischen Lokalisation der Grosshirnrinde: dritte Mitteilung: Die Rindenfelder der niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Typus 14","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1905","synonymSourceTitle":"Beitraege zur histologischen Lokalisation der Grosshirnrinde: dritte Mitteilung: Die Rindenfelder der niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1009","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-379923166","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 13 of Brodmann","standardAcronym":"13","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1009","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cerebral cortex of the guenon defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. Located in the posterior part of the insula, it shares with other parts of the insular cortex a wide molecular layer of the cerebral cortex (I) and very wide multiform layer (VI). The external granular layer (II) is relatively dense. The external pyramidal layer (III) has a central stripe of less cellular density that separates two sublayers, IIIa and IIIb. The internal granular layer (IV) is sufficiently wide and dense to separate clearly sublayer IIIb from layer V. The boundary between layers V and VI is defined by larger ganglion cells, more pyramidal in shape, in layer V giving way to smaller, more spindle-shaped cells that become denser and more homogeneous deeper in layer VI. Often the spindle cells are arrayed horizontally as in the claustrum (VICl), which Brodmann considered a likely extension of layer VI beyond the extreme capsule (VICe) ( Brodmann-1905 ).\r\nBrodmann's area 13 is unrelated to area 13 of Walker and area 13 (macaque), which are located in the orbital gyri. It is more equivalent to the granular insula of later architectonic segmentations. ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 13 of Brodmann (guenon)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 13","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"area 13 of Brodmann","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-1998","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Insula posterior","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1905","synonymSourceTitle":"Beitraege zur histologischen Lokalisation der Grosshirnrinde: dritte Mitteilung: Die Rindenfelder der niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Typus 13","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1905","synonymSourceTitle":"Beitraege zur histologischen Lokalisation der Grosshirnrinde: dritte Mitteilung: Die Rindenfelder der niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1010","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1054769984","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 15 of Brodmann","standardAcronym":"15","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1010","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cerebral cortex of the guenon defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It is located in the part of the insula nearest the limen insula. The cortex is somewhat thinner with less cellular density than in other parts of the insula. The molecular layer of the cerebral cortex (I) is unusually wide; the external granular layer (II) and the external pyramidal layer (III) are less dense, and the internal granular layer (IV) is totally absent, so that the medium-sized pyramidal cells of layer III and the internal pyramidal layer (V) merge with a few isolated granular cells scattered at their boundary. The multiform layer (VI) divides into a more densely cellular outer sublayer (VIa) and a less dense inner sublayer (VIb). As in area 14 of Brodmann (guenon), the sublayer VIb merges with the adjacent claustrum. The cells in all of layer VI form tangential rows similar to the formation seen in area 10 of Brodmann (guenon) and area 11 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Brodmann-1905 ).\r\nArea 15 of Brodmann is topologically equivalent to the agranular insula of the macaque. It and area 16 of Brodmann (guenon) together are most nearly equivalent to the agranular insular area of later architectonic segmentations.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"area 15 of Brodmann (guenon)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 15","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"area 15 of Brodmann","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Insula ventralis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1905","synonymSourceTitle":"Beitraege zur histologischen Lokalisation der Grosshirnrinde: dritte Mitteilung: Die Rindenfelder der niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Typus 15","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1905","synonymSourceTitle":"Beitraege zur histologischen Lokalisation der Grosshirnrinde: dritte Mitteilung: Die Rindenfelder der niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1011","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1722115836","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 16 of Brodmann (guenon)","standardAcronym":"16","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1011","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cerebral cortex of the guenon defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It is a relatively undifferentiated cortical area that Brodmann regarded as part of the insula because of the relation of its innermost multiform layer (VI) with the claustrum. The laminar organization of cortex is almost totally lacking. The molecular layer of the cerebral cortex (I) is wide as in area 15 of Brodmann. The space between layer I and layer VI is composed of a mixture of pyramidal cells and spindle cells with no significant number of granule cells. Pyramidal cells clump in the outer part to form glomeruli similar to those seen in some of the olfactory cortex ( Brodmann-1905 ).\r\nArea 16 of Brodmann is topologically equivalent to the agranular orbitofrontal cortex in the macaque. It and area 15 of Brodmann together are most nearly equivalent to the insulo-orbital agranular cortex of later architectonic segmentations.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 16 of Brodmann (guenon)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 16","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Insula olfactoria","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1905","synonymSourceTitle":"Beitraege zur histologischen Lokalisation der Grosshirnrinde: dritte Mitteilung: Die Rindenfelder der niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Typus 16","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1905","synonymSourceTitle":"Beitraege zur histologischen Lokalisation der Grosshirnrinde: dritte Mitteilung: Die Rindenfelder der niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1012","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1057677865","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 8a of Brodmann","standardAcronym":"8a","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1012","cDefinition":"refers to an area located on the posterior \"lip\" of the middle frontal gyrus that was defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the guenon. In comparison with area 8 of Brodmann (guenon), area 8a showed more pronounced layers of large pyramidal cells (layer IIIb in the external pyramidal layer (III)) and of ganglion cells in the internal pyramidal layer (V); the internal granular layer (IV) was less pronounced. The internal structure of the area was illustrated in Brodmann-1905. It was not mentioned or illustrated in the map of Brodmann's areas in Brodmann-1909.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"area 8a of Brodmann (guenon)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"area 8a of Brodmann","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Typus 8a","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1905","synonymSourceTitle":"Beitraege zur histologischen Lokalisation der Grosshirnrinde: dritte Mitteilung: Die Rindenfelder der niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1013","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1056","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 43 of Brodmann (guenon)","standardAcronym":"43","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1013","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cerebral cortex of the guenon defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. Described but not labeled on the map of cortical areas in Brodmann-1909, it was regarded as cytoarchitecturally homologous to area 30 of Mauss-1908 in the guenon and area 43 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ). The Vogts found no distinctive architectonic area of corresponding location the guenon ( Vogts-1919 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 43 of Brodmann (guenon)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 43","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area subcentralis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Feld 43","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1014","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1043","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 4 of Brodmann (guenon)","standardAcronym":"4","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1014","cDefinition":"refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined portion of the frontal lobe of the guenon. It is located predominantly in the precentral gyrus. Brodmann-1909 regarded it as topographically and cytoarchitecturally homologous to the area 4 of Brodmann (human) and noted that it occupies a much greater fraction of the frontal lobe in the monkey than in the human.\r\nDistinctive features ( Brodmann-1905 ): the cortex is unusually thick; the layers are not distinct; the cells are relatively sparsely distributed; giant pyramidal (Betz) cells are present in the internal pyramidal layer (V); lack of an internal granular layer (IV) such that the boundary between the external pyramidal layer (III) and the internal pyramidal layer (V) is indistinct; lack of a distinct external granular layer (II); a gradual transition from the multiform layer (VI) to the subcortical white matter.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"giant pyramidal area","synonymSource":"Garey-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Brodmann's 'Localisation in the Cerebral Cortex'","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 4 of Brodmann (guenon)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 4","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"21"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area gigantopyramidalis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Feld 4","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1015","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1050","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 5 of Brodmann (guenon)","standardAcronym":"5","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1015","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the parietal lobe of the guenon defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It occupies primarily the superior parietal lobule. Brodmann-1909 considered it topologically and cytoarchitecturally homologous to area 5 of Brodmann (human).\r\nDistinctive features ( Brodmann-1905 ): compared to area 4 of Brodmann (guenon) area 5 has a thick self-contained internal granular layer (IV); lacks a distinct internal pyramidal layer (V); has a marked sublayer 3b of pyramidal cells in the external pyramidal layer (III); has a distinct boundary between the internal pyramidal layer (V) and the multiform layer (VI); and has ganglion cells in layer V beneath its boundary with layer IV that are separated from layer VI by a wide clear zone.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 5 of Brodmann (guenon)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"preparietal area","synonymSource":"Garey-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Brodmann's 'Localisation in the Cerebral Cortex'","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 5","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area praeparietalis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Feld 5","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1016","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1054","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 21 of Brodmann (guenon)","standardAcronym":"21","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1016","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cerebral cortex of the guenon defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It is cytoarchitecturally homologous to area 21 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).\r\nDistinctive features ( Brodmann-1905 ): Compared to area 20 of Brodmann (guenon), the total cortical thickness of area 21 is greater, the granular cells are less abundant, and the boundary with the subcortical white matter is less distinct; the molecular layer (I) is wider; the pyramidal cells of sublayer 3b of the external pyramidal layer (III) are larger; the internal granular layer (IV) is less developed and contains fewer cells; ganglion cells of the internal pyramidal layer (V) are larger, rounder, and densely arrayed adjacent to layer IV; the boundary between layer V and the multiform layer (VI) is indistinct; and layer VI is wider and has no sublayers.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 21 of Brodmann (guenon)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"middle temporal area","synonymSource":"Garey-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Brodmann's 'Localisation in the Cerebral Cortex'","pubMedHits":"200"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 21","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area temporalis media","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Feld 21","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1017","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1055","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 22 of Brodmann (guenon)","standardAcronym":"22","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1017","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cerebral cortex of the guenon defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It is cytoarchitecturally homologous to area 22 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ). \r\nDistinctive features ( Brodmann-1905 ): compared to area 21 of Brodmann (guenon) the cortical thickness of area 22 is greater; cell density is reduced overall and the internal granular layer (IV) is even less developed with fewer cells; there is no detectable boundary between the internal pyramidal layer (V) and the multiform layer (VI); as in area 21, the ganglion cells of layer V are numerous and are arrayed adjacent to its boundary with layer IV, but they are plumper and more pyramidal in shape; the polymorphic cells of the multiform layer (VI) become gradually more numerous as one goes deeper and gives way to a wide sublayer 6b of fusiform cells as one approaches the boundary of the cortex with the subcortical white matter. ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"superior temporal area","synonymSource":"Garey-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Brodmann's 'Localisation in the Cerebral Cortex'","pubMedHits":"151"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 22 of Brodmann (guenon)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 22","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"22"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area temporalis superior","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Feld 22","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1018","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1057","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 23 of Brodmann (guenon)","standardAcronym":"23","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1018","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cerebral cortex of the guenon defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. Brodmann regarded it as topographically and cytoarchitecturally homologous to the combined area 23 of Brodmann (human) and area 23 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).\r\nDistinctive Features ( Brodmann-1905 ): the cortex is relatively thin; smaller cells predominate; the cell density of the multiform layer (VI) is great, producing a distinct boundary with the subcortical white matter; the internal granular layer (IV) is rather well developed; the internal pyramidal layer (V) contains a dense population of round, medium-sized ganglion cells concentrated at the border with layer IV; layers V and VI are narrow with a distinct mutual boundary.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"posterior cingulate area","synonymSource":"Garey-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Brodmann's 'Localisation in the Cerebral Cortex'","pubMedHits":"19"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 23 of Brodmann (guenon)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 23","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area cingularis posterior","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Feld 23","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1019","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1036","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 24 of Brodmann-1909 (guenon)","standardAcronym":"24","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1019","cDefinition":"refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined cortical area that includes portions of the cingulate gyrus and the frontal lobe in the guenon. \r\nAccording to Walker-1940, in the macaque the molecular layer of the cerebral cortex (I) is moderate in thickness; layer III is broad; layers V and VI are undifferentiated and narrow. The cells are of medium size, larger in the inner portion of layer III and outer portion of layer V, and irregularly dispersed. Walker regarded area 24 of the monkey as cytoarchitecturally homologous to the area 24 of Brodmann (human) and area 25 of Brodmann (human) .","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 24 of Brodmann-1909 (guenon)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area cingularis anterior","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Feld 24","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1020","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1044","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 6 of Brodmann (guenon)","standardAcronym":"6","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1020","cDefinition":"refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined portion of the frontal lobe of the guenon. Brodmann-1909 regarded it as topographically and cytoarchitecturally homologous to the area 6 of Brodmann (human) and noted that in the monkey area 4 is larger than area 6, while in the human area 6 is larger than area 4.\r\nDistinctive features ( Brodmann-1905 ): it is thick relative to other cortical areas; the transition from cortex to subcortical white matter is gradual; cell layers are indistinct; and the internal granular layer (IV) is absent.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"agranular frontal area","synonymSource":"Garey-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Brodmann's 'Localisation in the Cerebral Cortex'","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 6 of Brodmann (guenon)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 6","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"23"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area frontalis agranularis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Feld 6","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1021","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1039","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 32 of Brodmann (guenon)","standardAcronym":"32","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1021","cDefinition":"refers to an earlier designation of area 25 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Garey-1999 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"prelimbic area","synonymSource":"Garey-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Brodmann's 'Localisation in the Cerebral Cortex'","pubMedHits":"76"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"area 25 of Brodmann-1905","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-2000","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 32 of Brodmann (guenon)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 32","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"16"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area praelimbica","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Feld 32","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Typus 25","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1905","synonymSourceTitle":"Beitraege zur histologischen Lokalisation der Grosshirnrinde: dritte Mitteilung: Die Rindenfelder der niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1022","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1040","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 1 of Brodmann (guenon)","standardAcronym":"1","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1022","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the postcentral gyrus of the guenon defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. Brodmann-1909 regarded it as topologically and cytoarchitecturally homologous to the area 1 of Brodmann (human). \r\nDistinctive features ( Brodmann-1905 ): the molecular layer of the cerebral cortex (I) is cell free; the external granular layer (II) contains a population composed primarily of granule cells superfically with some small pyramidal cells and stellate cells in its deeper portion; the most densely populated layer is the internal granular layer (IV) which contains small round darkly stained cells with little cytoplasm and larger pyramidal cells or stellate cells sparsely intermixed; the internal pyramidal layer (V), relatively wide and distinct ly bounded by layer IV and the multiform layer (VI), has a dense population of medium sized ganglion cells and pyramidal cells concentrated along its border with layer IV and a clear sublayer 5b containing fewer and smaller cells adjacent to layer VI; layer VI has an abundant neuronal population that is divisible into a sublayer 6a composed primarily of medium sized triangular and larger pyramidal cells, and a deeper sublayer 6b composed strictly of small fusiform cells that are less densely distributed; layer VI is quite wide and it merges gradually with the subcortical white matter.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 1 of Brodmann (guenon)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"intermediate postcentral area","synonymSource":"Garey-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Brodmann's 'Localisation in the Cerebral Cortex'","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 1","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area postcentralis intermedia","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1905","synonymSourceTitle":"Beitraege zur histologischen Lokalisation der Grosshirnrinde: dritte Mitteilung: Die Rindenfelder der niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Brodmann-Area 1","synonymSource":"Mai-2002","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Feld 1","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1905","synonymSourceTitle":"Beitraege zur histologischen Lokalisation der Grosshirnrinde: dritte Mitteilung: Die Rindenfelder der niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Brodmann-Feld 1","synonymSource":"Mai-2002","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1023","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"58","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 10 of Brodmann (guenon)","standardAcronym":"10","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1023","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the frontal lobe of the guenon defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. Brodmann-1909 did not regard it as cytoarchitecturally homologous to his area 10 of Brodmann (human). \r\nDistinctive features ( Brodmann-1905 ): compared to area 9 of Brodmann (guenon), the multiform layer (VI) of area 10 shows an unusual organization of cells into trains oriented parallel to the cortical surface that are separated from one another by narrow cell-free fiber bundles; less marked differences are an overall thinner cortical thickness and a somewhat thicker molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex (I). Compared to area 6 of Brodmann (guenon), area 10 has a subtle but clearly present internal granular layer (IV); layer 3b of the of the external pyramidal layer (III) is weakly developed and composed of medium sized pyramidal cells; and the internal pyramidal layer (V) is more developed.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 10 of Brodmann (guenon)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"lateral orbital area","synonymSource":"Garey-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Brodmann's 'Localisation in the Cerebral Cortex'","pubMedHits":"9"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 10","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"36"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area orbitalis externa","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Feld 10","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1024","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1046","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 9 of Brodmann (guenon)","standardAcronym":"9","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1024","cDefinition":"refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined portion of the frontal lobe of the guenon. Brodmann-1909 regarded it on the whole as topographically and cytoarchitecturally homologous to the area 9 of Brodmann-1909 (human) and area 10 of Brodmann (human).\r\nDistinctive features ( Brodmann-1905 ): unlike area 6 of Brodmann (guenon), area 9 has a distinct internal granular layer (IV); unlike area 6 or area 8 of Brodmann (guenon) its internal pyramidal layer (V) is divisible into two sublayers, an outer layer 5a of densely distributed medium sized ganglion cells that partially merges with layer IV, and an inner, clearer, cell-poor layer 5b; the pyramidal cells of sublayer 3b of the external pyramidal layer (III) are smaller and sparser in distribution; the external granular layer (II) is narrow, with small numbers of sparsely distributed granule cells.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"granular frontal area","synonymSource":"Garey-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Brodmann's 'Localisation in the Cerebral Cortex'","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 9 of Brodmann (guenon)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 9","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"56"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area frontalis granularis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Feld 9","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1025","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1053","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 20 of Brodmann (guenon)","standardAcronym":"20","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1025","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cerebral cortex of the guenon defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It is cytoarchitecturally homologous to the area 20 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ). \r\nDistinctive features ( Brodmann-1905 ): area 20 is similar to area 19 of Brodmann (guenon) in the relative abundance of small cell types relative to the number of larger pyramidal cells; a very dense, wide internal granular layer (IV) composed almost exclusively of granule cells, as in area 18 of Brodmann (guenon); a broad, clear internal pyramidal layer (V) with few cells; and a distinct multiform layer (VI). The major differences from areas 18 and 19 are somewhat lesser cell density; absence of a division of the external pyramidal layer (III) into sublayers 3a and 3b; layer V is more clearly distinguished from layer VI and, on average, has a greater density of pyramidal ganglion cells than in the other areas; layer VI is wider, more diffuse and has fewer cells that are concentrated in the outer part of the layer to produce a denser sublayer 6a and a less dense sublayer 6b. ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 20 of Brodmann (guenon)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"inferior temporal area","synonymSource":"Garey-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Brodmann's 'Localisation in the Cerebral Cortex'","pubMedHits":"23"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 20","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area temporalis inferior","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Feld 20","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1026","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"699","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 17 of Brodmann (guenon)","standardAcronym":"17","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1026","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"striate area","synonymSource":"Garey-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Brodmann's 'Localisation in the Cerebral Cortex'","pubMedHits":"31"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 17 of Brodmann (guenon)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 17","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"11"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area striata","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"7"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Feld 17","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1027","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1051","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 18 of Brodmann (guenon)","standardAcronym":"18","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1027","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cerebral cortex of the guenon defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It is topographically and cytoarchitecturally homologous to area 18 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ). \r\nDistinctive features ( Brodmann-1905 ): a wide, dense internal granular layer (IV); a distinct sublayer 3b of closely packed large pyramidal cells positioned in the external pyramidal layer (III) directly above layer IV; an almost cell free, narrow internal pyramidal layer (V) with no larger ganglion cells; a likewise very narrow, dense multiform layer (VI) composed of small polymorphic cells that form a distinct boundary with the underlying subcortical white matter. Like area 17 of Brodmann-1905, area 18 is relatively thin; the three deep layers are thin relative to the three outer layers; distinct boundaries between layers; abundance of granule cells; narrow layer VI; and sharp boundary between cortex and subcortical white matter. ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 18 of Brodmann (guenon)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"occipital area","synonymSource":"Garey-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Brodmann's 'Localisation in the Cerebral Cortex'","pubMedHits":"432"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 18","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"8"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area occipitalis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Feld 18","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1028","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1052","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 19 of Brodmann (guenon)","standardAcronym":"19","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1028","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cerebral cortex of the guenon defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It is cytoarchitecturally homologous to the area 19 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ). \r\nDistinctive features ( Brodmann-1905 ): Compared to area 18 of Brodmann (guenon), the pyramidal cells of sublayer 3b of the external pyramidal layer (III) are not as densely distributed, the layer is not as narrow, and its boundary with the internal granular layer (IV) is not as distinct; the cells in sublayer 3b are concentrated at its outer boundary leaving a narrow clear zone with no large pyramidal cells adjacent to layer IV; the granule cells of layer IV are less densely distributed and are intermixed with larger polymorphic cells so that, while the layer is still quite dark and prominent, it is somewhat widened and not as self-contained; the internal pyramidal layer (V) is characterized by large pyramidal ganglion cells, most in small groups, a pattern not seen in area 18; the cells in the multiform layer (VI) are clearly larger than in area 18; overall area 19 is somewhat thicker and less densely populated than area 18. ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 19 of Brodmann (guenon)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"preoccipital area","synonymSource":"Garey-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Brodmann's 'Localisation in the Cerebral Cortex'","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 19","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"8"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area praeoccipitalis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Feld 19","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1029","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1038","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 25 of Brodmann (guenon)","standardAcronym":"25","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1029","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cerebral cortex of the guenon defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and topology ( Brodmann-1909 ). While Brodmann did not include it in the illustration of the guenon cortex, he described it as a portion of area 24 of Brodmann-1905 (guenon) that was homologous to the area 25 of Brodmann (human) and that appears as Brodmann's area 25 in a topologically equivalent location in Vogt-1987. \r\nNote that Brodmann earlier assigned the number 25 to area 32 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Brodmann-1905; Mauss-1908 ).\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 25 of Brodmann (guenon)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-2000","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 25","synonymSource":"Vogt-1987","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate cortex of the rhesus monkey: I. Cytoarchitecture and thalamic afferents","pubMedHits":"7"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area subgenualis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Feld 25","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1030","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1059","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 28 of Brodmann (guenon)","standardAcronym":"28","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1030","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cerebral cortex of the guenon defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. Brodmann regarded its location adjacent to the CA fields as imprecisely represented in the illustration of the cortex of the guenon brain in Brodmann-1909. It is located on the medial aspect of the temporal lobe. In the human it and the area 34 of Brodmann (human) together constitute approximately the entorhinal area (Brodmann-1909). \r\nDistinctive features ( Brodmann-1905 ): the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex (I) is unusually wide; the external granular layer (II) contains nests of, for the most part, multipolar cells: the external pyramidal layer (III) contains medium sized pyramidal cells which merge with cells of the internal pyramidal layer (V); a clear cell free zone represents sublayer 5b of layer V; the multiform layer is wide and has a less clear two sublayer structure; the internal granular layer (IV) is totally absent.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"entorhinal area","synonymSource":"Garey-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Brodmann's 'Localisation in the Cerebral Cortex'","pubMedHits":"164"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 28 of Brodmann (guenon)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-1995","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 28","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area entorhinalis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"7"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Feld 28","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Typus 28","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1905","synonymSourceTitle":"Beitraege zur histologischen Lokalisation der Grosshirnrinde: dritte Mitteilung: Die Rindenfelder der niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1031","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1058","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 26 of Brodmann (guenon)","standardAcronym":"26","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1031","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cerebral cortex of the guenon defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. The smallest of Brodmann's cortical areas in the monkey, it represents cortex that is less differentiated and relatively smaller in monkey and human than in other species. Brodmann regarded it as topographically and cytoarchitecturally homologous to the combined area 26 of Brodmann (human), area 29 of Brodmann-1909 (human) and area 30 of Brodmann (human) (Brodmann-1909).\r\nDistinctive features ( Brodmann-1905 ): thin cortex; distinct but narrow layers.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 26 of Brodmann (guenon)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-1995","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"ectosplenial area","synonymSource":"Garey-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Brodmann's 'Localisation in the Cerebral Cortex'","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 26","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area ectosplenialis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Feld 26","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Typus 26","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1905","synonymSourceTitle":"Beitraege zur histologischen Lokalisation der Grosshirnrinde: dritte Mitteilung: Die Rindenfelder der niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1032","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"410","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Brodmann's areas","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1032","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Brodmann's areas","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"196"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"areas of Brodmann","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Brodmann's cortical areas","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cortical areas of Brodmann","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"cortical maps of Brodmann","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"areas de Brodmann","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"mapa de áreas corticales de Brodmann","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1033","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1041","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 2 of Brodmann (guenon)","standardAcronym":"2","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1033","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the postcentral gyrus of the guenon defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. Brodmann-1909 regarded it as topologically and cytoarchitecturally homologous to area 2 of Brodmann (human). Distinctive features ( Brodmann-1905 ): compared to area 1 of Brodmann (guenon), the cortical thickness of area 2 is considerably less; the pyramidal cells of sublayer 3b of the external pyramidal layer (III) are larger and much more densely distributed which produces a more distinct difference between sublayers 3a and 3b; ganglion cells of the internal pyramidal layer (V) are on average much larger and more numerous and are not infrequently intermixed with cells the size of small giant pyramidal cells; layer V is also distinctly divided into a sublayer 5a and 5b where the latter is a clear strip between sublayer 5a and the multiform layer (VI); layer VI consists of a dense outer sublayer 6a of triangular cells and a sparser deeper sublayer 6b of fusiform cells. Authors von Bonin and Bailey disputed the existence of area 2 which they sought unsuccessfully to identify in the macaque as area PD of Bonin ( Bonin-1947 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 2 of Brodmann (guenon)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-2000","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"caudal postcentral area","synonymSource":"Garey-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Brodmann's 'Localisation in the Cerebral Cortex'","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 2","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area postcentralis caudalis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Feld 2","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1034","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1045","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 8 of Brodmann (guenon)","standardAcronym":"8","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1034","cDefinition":"refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined portion of the frontal lobe of the guenon. Located rostral to the arcuate sulcus, it was not considered by Brodmann-1909 to be topographically homologous to the area 8 of Brodmann (human).\r\nDistinctive features ( Brodmann-1905 ): compared to area 6 of Brodmann (guenon), area 8 has a diffuse but clearly present internal granular layer (IV);sublayer 3b of the external pyramidal layer (III) has densely distributed medium sized pyramidal cells; the internal pyramidal layer (V) has larger ganglion cells densely distributed with some granule cells interspersed; the external granular layer (II) is denser and broader; cell layers are more distinct; the abundance of cells is somewhat greater.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 8 of Brodmann (guenon)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-2000","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"intermediate frontal area","synonymSource":"Garey-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Brodmann's 'Localisation in the Cerebral Cortex'","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 8","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"14"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area frontalis intermedia","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Feld 8","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1035","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"67","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 7 of Brodmann (guenon)","standardAcronym":"7","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1035","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined parietal region of cerebral cortex in the guenon. It occupies most of the parietal lobe excluding the postcentral gyrus and superior parietal lobule. Brodmann-1909 considered it topologically homologous to the combined area 7 of Brodmann (human), area 40 of Brodmann (human) and area 39 of Brodmann. Cytoarchitecurally he regarded it as \"a still undifferentiated precursor zone for all parietal areas (apart from area 5) ( Garey-1999 ).\r\n Distinctive features ( Brodmann-1905 ): in area 7 compared to area 5 of Brodmann (guenon), large ganglion cells are absent from the internal pyramidal layer (V); the pyramidal cells of the external pyramidal layer (III) sublayer 3b are, on average, larger; the multiform layer (VI) is denser and narrower and more sharply bounded by subcortical white matter.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"parietal area","synonymSource":"Garey-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Brodmann's 'Localisation in the Cerebral Cortex'","pubMedHits":"455"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 7 of Brodmann (guenon)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-2000","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 7","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"10"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area parietalis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Feld 7","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1036","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1049","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 11 of Brodmann (guenon)","standardAcronym":"11","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1036","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the frontal lobe of the guenon defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture ( Brodmann-1905 ).\r\nDistinctive features: area 11 lacks an internal granular layer (IV); larger pyramidal cells of sublayer 3b of the external pyramidal layer (III) merge with a denser self-contained collection of cells in the internal pyramidal layer (V); similar to area 10 of Brodmann (guenon) is the presence in the multiform layer (VI) of trains of cells oriented parallel to the cortical surface separated by acellular fiber bundles; a thick molecular layer of the cerebral cortex (I); a relatively narrow overall cortical thickness; and a gradual transition from the multiform layer (VI) to the subcortical white matter.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"medial orbital area","synonymSource":"Garey-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Brodmann's 'Localisation in the Cerebral Cortex'","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 11 of Brodmann (guenon)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-1995","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 11","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area orbitalis interna","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Feld 11","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1037","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"59","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 12 of Brodmann (guenon)","standardAcronym":"12","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1037","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cerebral cortex of the guenon defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It occupies the most rostral portion of the frontal lobe. Brodmann-1909 did not regard it as homologous, either topographically or cytoarchitecturally, to area 12 of Brodmann (human). More recent authors consider it the equivalent of area 12 and area 47 of the human ( Carmichael-1994; Ongur-2003 ). \r\nDistinctive features according to Brodmann-1905: a quite distinct internal granular layer (IV) separates slender pyramidal cells of the external pyramidal layer (III) and the internal pyramidal layer (V); the multiform layer (VI) is expanded, contains widely dispersed spindle cells and merges gradually with the underlying cortical white matter; all cells, including the pyramidal cells of the external and internal pyramidal layers are inordinately small; the internal pyramidal layer (V) also contains spindle cells in groups of two to five located close to its border with the internal granular layer (IV).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"frontopolar area","synonymSource":"Garey-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Brodmann's 'Localisation in the Cerebral Cortex'","pubMedHits":"9"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 12 of Brodmann (guenon)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-2000","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 12","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Mixed","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Feld 12 Area frontopolaris","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Mixed","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Typus 12 Gyrus rectus","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1905","synonymSourceTitle":"Beitraege zur histologischen Lokalisation der Grosshirnrinde: dritte Mitteilung: Die Rindenfelder der niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1038","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1047","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"prefrontal area 11 of Brodmann-1909","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1038","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the frontal lobe in the human defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. Defined and illustrated in Brodmann-1909, it included the areas subsequently illustrated in Brodmann-1910 as area 11 of Brodmann (human) and area 12 of Brodmann (human).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"prefrontal area 11 of Brodmann-1909","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-2000","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 11 (1909)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1039","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1003597394","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 27 of Brodmann","standardAcronym":"27","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1039","cDefinition":"refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined cortical area that is a rostral part of the parahippocampal gyrus of the guenon ( Brodmann-1909 ). It is commonly regarded as a synonym of presubiculum ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"presubicular area","synonymSource":"Garey-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Brodmann's 'Localisation in the Cerebral Cortex'","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"area 27 of Brodmann (guenon)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 27","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"area 27 of Brodmann","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"BrainInfo Website","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area praesubicularis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Feld 27","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Typus 27","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1905","synonymSourceTitle":"Beitraege zur histologischen Lokalisation der Grosshirnrinde: dritte Mitteilung: Die Rindenfelder der niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1044","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625589","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"molecular layer of the piriform area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1044","cDefinition":"refers to the outermost layer of the piriform area in the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) and the rat ( Swanson-2004 ); the other two layers are the pyramidal layer of the piriform area and the polymorph layer of the piriform area.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"piriform area, molecular layer","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"piriform area, molecular layer","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"molecular layer of the piriform area","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1045","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625590","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"polymorph layer of the piriform area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1045","cDefinition":"refers to the innermost layer of the piriform area in the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) and the rat ( Swanson-2004 ); the other two layers are the pyramidal layer of the piriform area and the molecular layer of the piriform area .","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"piriform area, polymorph layer","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"PIR3","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"8"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"piriform area, polymorph layer","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"polymorph layer of the piriform area","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1046","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625618","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"body of the medial mammillary nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1046","cDefinition":"refers to the larger of two parts of the medial mammillary nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). It is equivalent to the combined medial part of the medial mammillary nucleus and lateral part of the medial mammillary nucleus described by other authors for the human ( Saper-2004 ), macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). it constitutes the major volume of the nucleus ventrolateral to the much smaller median part of the medial mammillary nucleus. Functionally it is part of the behavior control column of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"medial mammillary nucleus, body","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"body of the medial mammillary nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"medial mammillary nucleus, lateral part","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"medial mammillary nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"414","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=414","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1047","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625620","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"magnocellular part of the midbrain reticular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1047","cDefinition":"refers to a region of the rat brain located lateral to the periaqueductal gray. It is one of three parts of the midbrain reticular nucleus. The other two are the parvicellular part of the midbrain reticular nucleus and the retrorubral area of the midbrain reticular nucleus. Functionally the magnocellular part is one of six magnocellular nuclei of the midbrain reticular nucleus that belong to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system; the parvicellular part and the retrorubral area belong to the behavior control column of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"midbrain reticular nucleus, magnocellular part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"magnocellular part of the midbrain reticular nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"magnocellular nuclei of the midbrain reticular nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"2917","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2917","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1048","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625621","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"parvicellular part of the midbrain reticular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1048","cDefinition":"refers to one of three parts of the midbrain reticular nucleus in the rat. The other two are the magnocellular part of the midbrain reticular nucleus and the retrorubral area of the midbrain reticular nucleus. The parvicellular part is located lateral to the medial longitudinal fasciculus and inferior to the periaqueductal gray. It was once regarded by some authors as part of the pedunculopontine nucleus. Functionally it is part of the behavior control column of the subcortical motor system, perhaps specifically involved in locomotor control ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"midbrain reticular nucleus, parvicellular part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"parvicellular part of the midbrain reticular nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"midbrain extrapyramidal area","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"12"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"behavior control column","parentNeuroNamesId":"2895","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2895","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1049","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625622","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"retrorubral area","standardAcronym":"RR","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1049","cDefinition":"refers to an area caudal and lateral to the red nucleus in the midbrain reticular formation identified by Nissl stain in the human ( Halliday-2012 ), macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Hof-2000; Paxinos-2001 ). It largely overlaps the dopaminergic A8 cell group ( Halliday-2012 ). \r\nSome authors restrict its definition to the portion where dopaminergic cells of the A8 cell group are prominent ( Halliday-2012 ). Functionally It is one of two components of the midbrain reticular nucleus in the behavior control column of the subcortical motor system. The other is the parvicellular part of the midbrain reticular nucleus ( Swanson-2004 ).\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"midbrain reticular nucleus, retrorubral area","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"retrorubral field","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"137"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"retrorubral area","synonymSource":"Haber-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"The interface between dopamine neurons and the amygdala: implications for schizophrenia","pubMedHits":"183"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"retrorubral fields","synonymSource":"Halliday-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Substantia Nigra, Ventral Tegmental Area, and Retrorubral Fields","pubMedHits":"8"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"behavior control column","parentNeuroNamesId":"2895","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2895","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1050","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625624","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventrolateral orbital area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1050","cDefinition":"refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined subdivision of the orbital areas (rodent). It is found in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and variably in the mouse ( Hof-2000 ).\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"orbital area, ventrolateral part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"orbital cortex, ventrolateral part","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rodent","synonymName":"ventrolateral orbital area","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"6"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"orbital area ventrolateral part","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"orbital areas (rodent)","parentNeuroNamesId":"1913","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1913","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1051","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1656098830","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area OFO of Roberts","standardAcronym":"OFO","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1051","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the frontal lobe of the macaque (Macaca mulatta) defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. The external granular layer (II) has densely packed granular cells; the external pyramidal layer (III) is narrow and sparsely populated with no large pyramidal cells; the internal granular layer (IV) is narrow but distinct; the internal pyramidal layer (V) has a dense population of small and medium pyramidal cells; the boundaries between layer V, the multiform layer (VI) and the subcortical white matter are indistinct. Area OFO \"corresponds closely\" to area 6b beta of Vogts ( Roberts-1963, Vogts-1919 ].","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"area OFO of Roberts","synonymSource":"Roberts-1963","synonymSourceTitle":"Insular and opercular cortex and its thalamic projection in Macaca mulatta","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1052","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-2132406279","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area TG of Bonin","standardAcronym":"TG","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1052","cDefinition":"refers to an area of the temporal lobe of the macaque defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It is located at the temporal pole. It differs from area TA of Bonin in that the cortex is quite thick, especially the internal pyramidal layer (V) and the multiform layer (VI) whose mutual boundary is indistinct. Except for the boundary between the molecular layer of the cerebral cortex (I) and the external granular layer (II), all of the boundaries are unclear. \"These alterations casue TG to resemble FF (area FF of Bonin) on the orbital surface of the frontal lobe, with which it is intimately connected.\" ( Bonin-1947 )","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area TG of Bonin","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1053","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"924990868","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area PrCO of Roberts","standardAcronym":"PrCO","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1053","cDefinition":"refers to a part of the precentral operculum of the macaque (Macaca mulatta) defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It is thinner than the adjacent part of area 6 of Brodmann (guenon); the internal granular layer (IV) is more clearly distinguishable; the external pyramidal layer (III) is narrower with cells that are more sparse and lacking in size gradient; the internal pyramidal layer (V) has a dark band of densely packed medium and large pyramidal cells; and the multiform layer (VI) has two zones, the inner of which consists of small cells which \"blend with subcortical white matter.\" Area PrCO may correspond to area 6b alpha of Vogts ( Roberts-1963; Vogts-1919 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"area PrCO of Roberts","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area PrCO","synonymSource":"Roberts-1963","synonymSourceTitle":"Insular and opercular cortex and its thalamic projection in Macaca mulatta","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"Cortex opercularis praecentralis","synonymSource":"Roberts-1963","synonymSourceTitle":"Insular and opercular cortex and its thalamic projection in Macaca mulatta","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1054","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1762951785","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lobule II","standardAcronym":"II","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1054","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the central lobule of the cerebellum in an alternate segmentation of the vermis of the anterior lobe; the other part is lobule III ( Carpenter-1983, Swanson-1998 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"2nd Cerebellar lobule","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"lobule II","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"8"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"lobule 2","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"lobule II","synonymSource":"Madigan-1971","synonymSourceTitle":"Cerebellum of the Rhesus Monkey: Atlas of lobules, laminae, and folia, in sections","pubMedHits":"8"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"central lobule","parentNeuroNamesId":"658","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=658","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"central lobule","parentNeuroNamesId":"658","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=658","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1055","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1816649744","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area MII of Woolsey","standardAcronym":"MII","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1055","cDefinition":"refers to a functionally defined area of mammalian cerebral cortex. It has been mapped in a number of species on the basis of movements elicited by electrical stimulation of the cortical surface. In the macaque It is the equivalent of SMA proper, a subdivision of the mesial secondary motor cortex ( Wise-1985a ). The face area is located anteriorly with the hind limb and tail areas extending posteriorly ( Woolsey-1958 ). In the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Hof-2000 ) it is the functional equivalent of the secondary motor cortex, which is not ordinarily subdivided in rodents.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"area MII of Woolsey-1958","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"MII area","synonymSource":"Woolsey-1958","synonymSourceTitle":"Organization of Somatic Sensory and Motor Areas of the Cerebral Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"supplementary motor area","synonymSource":"Woolsey-1958","synonymSourceTitle":"Organization of Somatic Sensory and Motor Areas of the Cerebral Cortex","pubMedHits":"1680"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1056","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"285047594","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area MI of Woolsey","standardAcronym":"MI","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1056","cDefinition":"refers to an area of mammalian cerebral cortex. It is the functionally defined equivalent of primary motor cortex ( Carpenter-1983 ). It has been mapped in a number of species on the basis of movements elicited by electrical stimulation of the cortical surface in animals under anesthesia. In the macaque it is located on the exposed surface of the precentral gyrus with extensions into the anterior bank of the central sulcus and the posterior bank of the arcuate sulcus. The face area is located on the lower lateral surface with part of the hind limb and tail areas extending over the midline into the bank of the longitudinal fissure ( Woolsey-1958 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"precentral motor area","synonymSource":"Woolsey-1958","synonymSourceTitle":"Organization of Somatic Sensory and Motor Areas of the Cerebral Cortex","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"precentral motor field","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"area MI of Woolsey-1958","synonymSource":"Woolsey-1958","synonymSourceTitle":"Organization of Somatic Sensory and Motor Areas of the Cerebral Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"MI area","synonymSource":"Woolsey-1958","synonymSourceTitle":"Organization of Somatic Sensory and Motor Areas of the Cerebral Cortex","pubMedHits":"43"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1057","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1521497843","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area SI of Woolsey","standardAcronym":"SI","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1057","cDefinition":"refers to a functionally defined area of mammalian cerebral cortex. It has been mapped in a number of species on the basis of evoked potentials elicited by light touch stimulation of the skin. In the macaque it is located in the postcentral gyrus, both on the exposed surface and in the posterior bank of the central sulcus. The face area is located on the lower lateral surface with the hind limb and tail areas extending over the midline into the bank of the longitudinal fissure ( Woolsey-1958 ). It is the same as the primary somatosensory cortex ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"area SI of Woolsey-1958","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"postcentral tactile area","synonymSource":"Woolsey-1958","synonymSourceTitle":"Organization of Somatic Sensory and Motor Areas of the Cerebral Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"postcentral sensory area","synonymSource":"Woolsey-1958","synonymSourceTitle":"Organization of Somatic Sensory and Motor Areas of the Cerebral Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"area SI","synonymSource":"Woolsey-1958","synonymSourceTitle":"Organization of Somatic Sensory and Motor Areas of the Cerebral Cortex","pubMedHits":"59"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"somatic afferent area I","synonymSource":"Woolsey-1958","synonymSourceTitle":"Organization of Somatic Sensory and Motor Areas of the Cerebral Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1058","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1742700807","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area SII of Woolsey","standardAcronym":"SII","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1058","cDefinition":"refers to a functionally defined area of mammalian cerebral cortex. It has been mapped in a number of species on the basis of evoked potentials elicited in the cortex by light touch stimulation of the skin. In the macaque the trunk and limbs are represented in the superior bank of the lateral fissure with the face area extending onto the surface of the postcentral gyrus ( Woolsey-1958 ). It is the same as the secondary somesthetic area ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"second somatic sensory area","synonymSource":"Woolsey-1958","synonymSourceTitle":"Organization of Somatic Sensory and Motor Areas of the Cerebral Cortex","pubMedHits":"10"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"SII area","synonymSource":"Woolsey-1958","synonymSourceTitle":"Organization of Somatic Sensory and Motor Areas of the Cerebral Cortex","pubMedHits":"24"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"somatic afferent area II","synonymSource":"Woolsey-1958","synonymSourceTitle":"Organization of Somatic Sensory and Motor Areas of the Cerebral Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"second sensory area","synonymSource":"Woolsey-1958","synonymSourceTitle":"Organization of Somatic Sensory and Motor Areas of the Cerebral Cortex","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"area SII of Woolsey-1958","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"supplementary somatosensory area","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"6"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"supplemental somatosensory area","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"supplemental somatosensory area","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1059","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1064226772","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"sublenticular extended amygdala","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1059","cDefinition":"refers to the part of the substantia innominata located ventromedial to the globus pallidus and caudal to the anterior commissure in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). See extended amygdala.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"sublenticular extended amygdala","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"18"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1060","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-2027305173","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral area of the secondary visual cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1060","cDefinition":"refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined area of the cerebral cortex in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). It is located lateral to the primary visual area (primary visual cortex). See also visual cortex (rodent).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"secondary visual cortex, lateral area","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"lateral area of the secondary visual cortex","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1061","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"543510008","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"A8 cell group","standardAcronym":"A8","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1061","cDefinition":"refers to a small group of cells fluorescent for dopamine in the human ( Halliday-2012 ), macaque ( Felten-1983 ), rat ( Dahlstrom-1964 ) and mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). It is located in the midbrain reticular formation dorsolateral to the substantia nigra at the level of the red nucleus and caudally. It overlaps the classically defined retrorubral area and, in the human, the midbrain reticular field ( Halliday-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"A8 cell group","synonymSource":"Smeets-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Catecholamines in the CNS of vertebrates: current concepts of evolution and functional significance","pubMedHits":"13"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"dopaminergic group A8","synonymSource":"Felten-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Monoamine distribution in primate brain V. Monoaminergic nuclei: anatomy, pathways and local organization.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"A8 dopamine cells","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral midbrain reticular formation A8 group","synonymSource":"Halliday-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Substantia Nigra, Ventral Tegmental Area, and Retrorubral Fields","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"dopaminergic cell groups","parentNeuroNamesId":"3138","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3138","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Monoamine Cell Groups","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1062","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1079109033","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal part of the anterior cingulate area","standardAcronym":"1","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1062","cDefinition":"refers to a cortical area defined by cytoarchitecture in the mouse and rat. It is located on the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere together with the ventral part of the anterior cingulate area ( Paxinos-2001 ). Together they constitute the anterior cingulate area ( Swanson-1998 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"cingulate cortex, area 1","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"anterior cingulate cortex, dorsal part","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"anterior cingulate area, dorsal part","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rodent","synonymName":"dorsal part of the anterior cingulate area","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"anterior cingulate area","parentNeuroNamesId":"1812","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1812","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1063","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-41581828","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"marginal zone of the medial geniculate","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1063","cDefinition":"refers to a narrow zone just beneath the surface of the medial geniculate body of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"marginal zone of the medial geniculate","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1064","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-583667230","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsomedial cell column of the inferior olive","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1064","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells in the inferior olivary complex of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"inferior olive, dorsomedial cell column","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"dorsomedial cell column of the inferior olive","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1065","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-881327442","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"interoculomotor nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1065","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells located in the midline between the left and right oculomotor nuclear complexes in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"interoculomotor nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1066","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1811037603","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"intermedius nucleus of the medulla","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1066","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells adjacent to the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve and the hypoglossal nucleus in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"intermedius nucleus of medulla","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"intermedius nucleus of the medulla","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1067","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1079023996","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"cingulate/retrosplenial cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1067","cDefinition":"refers to a transition zone between the cingulate cortex and the retrosplenial cortical areas on the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere of the mouse. The cingulate cortex consists of the dorsal part of the anterior cingulate area and the ventral part of the anterior cingulate area; the retrosplenial cortex consists of retrosplenial agranular cortex and retrosplenial granular cortex ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"cingulate/retrosplenial cortex","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"26"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1068","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1987139930","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral parietal association cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1068","cDefinition":"refers to a cortical area on the dorsal surface of the cerebral cortex in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"lateral parietal association cortex","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1069","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1740092274","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial nucleus of the accessory optic tract","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1069","cDefinition":"refers to one of three terminal nuclei of the accessory optic tract, different combinations of which are found in different species. The medial nucleus is found at the medial border of the crus cerebri in the midbrain of the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). The other two terminal nuclei are the dorsal nucleus of the accessory optic tract and the lateral nucleus of the accessory optic tract. Functionally the terminal nuclei are three of six magnocellular nuclei of the midbrain reticular nucleus that belong to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"medial terminal nucleus accessory optic tract (Edinger)","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"medial terminal nucleus of the accessory optic tract","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"magnocellular nuclei of the midbrain reticular nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"2917","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2917","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1070","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"151462882","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral periaqueductal gray","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1070","cDefinition":"refers to one of four longitudinal cell columns in the periaqueductal gray that surrounds the cerebral aqueduct in the midbrain tegmentum. Revealed best by stain for nitiric oxide synthase (NADPH-diaphorase), it is found lateral to the aqueduct in the human, macaque, rat ( Carrive-2012 ), and mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). It stains lightly compared to the heavily stained dorsolateral periaqueductal gray column dorsal to it and compared to heavily stained neighboring and overlapping cell groups: the supraoculomotor cap and intercalated periaqueductal gray. It is located dorsal to the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray column, which also stains lightly. The fourth column is the lightly staining dorsomedial periaqueductal gray. Functionally all belong to the motor periaqueductal gray of the behavior control column in the cerebrospinal trunk ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"lateral periaqueductal gray","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"41"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1071","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"621278852","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial accessory oculomotor nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1071","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells located adjacent to the midline at the level of the red nucleus in the midbrain tegmentum of the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), rat ( Swanson-1998 ), and mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). Functionally it belongs to the motor periaqueductal gray of the behavior control column ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"medial accessory oculomotor nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"medial accessory nucleus (Bechterew)","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"motor periaqueductal gray","parentNeuroNamesId":"3411","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3411","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1072","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1253205724","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"frontal association area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1072","cDefinition":"refers to an area of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of Nissl stain; it is located on the dorsal and lateral surfaces at the frontal pole of the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000; Franklin-2008 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"frontal association cortex","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"66"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"frontal association area","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"27"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1073","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-264534480","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterodorsal tegmental nucleus","standardAcronym":"PDTg","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1073","cDefinition":"refers to a group of neurons embedded caudally in the pontine central gray of the pontine tegmentum. It is illustrated by some authors in the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ), and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"posterodorsal tegmental nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"3"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1074","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1079558263","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"F cell group of the vestibular complex","standardAcronym":"F","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1074","cDefinition":"refers to a small group of cells located within the descending vestibular nucleus of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"F cell group of the vestibular complex","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1075","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-62517213","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"primary auditory cortex - obsolete","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1075","cDefinition":"","parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1076","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-386899071","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"paracochlear glial substance","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1076","cDefinition":"refers to an area dorsomedial to the cochlear nuclei in the medulla of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"paracochlear glial substance","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1077","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1940083282","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"pararubral nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1077","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells located dorsal and lateral to the red nucleus in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"pararubral nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1078","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1357929621","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"prelimbic area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1078","cDefinition":"refers to a cytoarchitectonic area on the medial aspect of the cerebral hemisphere in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) and the rat ( Swanson-1998 ). It is located rostral to the ventral part of the anterior cingulate area between the dorsal part of the anterior cingulate area and the more ventral infralimbic area. ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"prelimbic cortex","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"200"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"prelimbic area`","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"76"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"polymodal association cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"2725","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2725","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1079","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-993361331","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"rostroventrolateral reticular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1079","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells in the caudal medullary reticular formation of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001, Hof-2000 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"rostroventrolateral reticular nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"28"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1080","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1270135926","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"parasubthalamic nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1080","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells ventromedial to the subthalamic nucleus in the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ), and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001, Hof-2000 ). Functionally it belongs to the lateral motor zone of the hypothalamus ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"parasubthalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"9"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"lateral motor zone of the hypothalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"2911","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2911","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1081","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1079371927","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal 3rd ventricle","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1081","cDefinition":"refers to the portion of the third ventricle located, for the most part, dorsal to the anterior commissure, the thalamus and the posterior commissure as viewed in coronal sections in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"dorsal 3rd ventricle","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1082","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"40282260","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal endopiriform nucleus - obsolete","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1082","cDefinition":"","parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1083","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"619062566","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"striohypothalamic nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1083","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells ventral to the nucleus of stria terminalis in the anterior nucleus of the hypothalamus in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"striohypothalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1084","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1743312997","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"interstitial nucleus of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure","standardAcronym":"IPAC","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1084","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells extending caudally with the posterior part of the anterior commissure ventral to the striatum in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) and the primate ( Fudge-2009 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"interstitial nucleus of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"primate","synonymName":"interstitial nucleus of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure","synonymSource":"Fudge-2009","synonymSourceTitle":"Amygdala projections to central amygdaloid nucleus subdivisions and transition zones in the primate","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1085","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2062145748","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"semilunar nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1085","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells located between the islands of Calleja and the septohippocampal nucleus rostral to the nucleus of the diagonal band in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"semilunar nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"1"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1086","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"225421257","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterior intralaminar thalamic nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1086","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells located ventromedial to the medial geniculate body in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"posterior intralaminal thalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1087","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1842717954","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Barrington's nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1087","cDefinition":"refers to a group of neurons embedded in the pontine central gray of the pontine tegmentum. Located ventromedial to the rostral pole of locus ceruleus and lateral to the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, it is found in the human ( Blessing-2012 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ), and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). \r\nFunctionally it is part of the dorsal pontine gray of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ). It projects to parasympathetic neurons that in turn project to the pelvic viscera involved in urination, defecation, and genital functions. ( Blessing-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"Barrington's nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"126"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"Barrington nucleus","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"pontine micturition center","synonymSource":"Paxinos-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brainstem","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"dorsal pontine gray","parentNeuroNamesId":"2901","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2901","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1088","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1475013126","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"median accessory nucleus of the medulla","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1088","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells located in the midline, ventral to the left and right gracile nucleus at the caudal extreme of the medulla in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"median accessory nucleus of the medulla","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1089","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1876032219","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"magnocellular nucleus of the lateral hypothalamus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1089","cDefinition":"refers to a group of large cells located at the lateral border of the lateral hypothalamic area beneath the ansa lenticularis in the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ) and at the medial border of the internal capsule of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). It is one of twenty six regions, zones, and nuclei that constitute the motor lateral hypothalamus. Functionally it belongs to the motor lateral hypothalamus of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"magnocellular nucleus of the lateral hypothalamus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"lateral hypothalamic area, magnocllular nucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"motor lateral hypothalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"2912","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2912","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1090","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1634785141","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"nucleus of origin of efferents of the vestibular nerve","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1090","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells located medial to the medial vestibular nucleus of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"nucleus of origin of efferents of the vestibular nerve","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1091","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1035237283","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial accessory optic tract","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1091","cDefinition":"refers to a fiber bundle near the midline on the ventral surface of the anterior hypothalamic region of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"medial accessory optic tract","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1092","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-162617043","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"commissural stria terminalis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1092","cDefinition":"refers to a tract at near the ventral surface of the pons in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"commissural stria terminalis","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1093","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1296629816","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"nucleus incertus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1093","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells located dorsomedially in the pontine tegmentum of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). In the rat it is composed of two parts, the compact part of nucleus incertus and the diffuse part of nucleus incertus ( Swanson-1998 ). Some authors refer to the area as a subdivision of the pontine central gray ( Paxinos-2009b ). Functionally it is one of the raphe nuclei (functional) in the behavioral state system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"nucleus incertus","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"43"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"nucleus incertus (Streeter)","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"raphe nuclei (classical)","parentNeuroNamesId":"2495","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2495","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"raphe nuclei (functional)","parentNeuroNamesId":"3382","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3382","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1094","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1215989543","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"A3 cell group","standardAcronym":"A3","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1094","cDefinition":"refers to a few small cells weakly fluorescent for catecholamines that were reported in early studies of the dorsal accessory nucleus of the inferior olive of the rat ( Dahlstrom-1964 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"A3 cell group","synonymSource":"Smeets-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Catecholamines in the CNS of vertebrates: current concepts of evolution and functional significance","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"catecholaminergic group A3","synonymSource":"Dahlstrom-1964","synonymSourceTitle":"Evidence for the existence of monoamine-containing neurons in the central nervous system","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1095","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-362493027","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"magnocellular nucleus of the posterior commissure","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1095","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells adjacent to the nucleus of the posterior commissure in the midbrain tegmentum of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"magnocellular nucleus of the posterior commissure","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1096","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1946644584","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"oval paracentral thalamic nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1096","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells located between the paracentral nucleus and the central lateral nucleus in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"oval paracentral thalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1097","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1080587738","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"peritrigeminal zone","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1097","cDefinition":"refers to an area bordering the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve in the mouse, particularly on the medial side ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"peritrigeminal zone","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"3"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1098","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"308868318","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"epimicrocellular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1098","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells located dorsal to the sagulum nucleus in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"epimicrocellular nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1099","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"454007189","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsomedial tegmental area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1099","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells in the pontine tegmentum of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"dorsomedial tegmental area","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"6"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1100","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1079722688","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"intramedullary thalamic area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1100","cDefinition":"refers to a narrow zone between the lateral geniculate nucleus and the lateral posterior nucleus of the thalamus in the the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"intramedullary thalamic area","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1101","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1081571479","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsolateral protuberance of the medial cerebellar nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1101","cDefinition":"refers to a part of the fastigial nucleus in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"medial cerebellar nucleus, dorsolateral protuberance","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"dorsolateral protuberance of the medial cerebellar nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1102","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1718544169","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal transition zone","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1102","cDefinition":"refers to an area between the medial orbital cortex and the dorsal tenia tecta of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"dorsal transition zone","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1103","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1408387699","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsomedial spinal trigeminal nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1103","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells associated with the spinal trigeminal nucleus in the medulla of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"dorsomedial spinal trigeminal nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"4"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1104","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1653403536","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"intermediate geniculate nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1104","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells between the medial geniculate body and the lateral geniculate body of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"intermediate geniculate nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1105","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1938671386","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"postsubiculum","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1105","cDefinition":"refers to an area of cerebral cortex located between the subiculum or presubiculum and the retrosplenial area of the the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). In some atlases of the mouse brain the area is not labeled but is incorporated into the presubiculum ( Hof-2000 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"postsubiculum","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"52"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"retrohippocampal region","parentNeuroNamesId":"2729","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2729","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1106","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"148885943","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posteromedian thalamic nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1106","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells located in the thalamus, medial to the medial dorsal nucleus of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"posteromedian thalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1107","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1923776804","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"triangular part of the posterior thalamic nuclear group","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1107","cDefinition":"refers to the most caudal part of the posterior nuclear complex of the thalamus in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"posterior thalamic nuclear group, triangular part","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"triangular part of the posterior thalamic nuclear group","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1108","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1271066332","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"perifacial zone","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1108","cDefinition":"refers to a narrow area bordering the facial nucleus in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"perifacial zone","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1109","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-561393890","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"paratrochlear nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1109","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells adjacent to the medial longitudinal fasciculus of the midbrain and the trochlear nucleus in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"paratrochlear nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1110","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-923365140","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventrolateral protrusion of the inferior olive","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1110","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells in the inferior olivary complex of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"inferior olive, ventrolateral protrusion","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"ventrolateral protrusion of the inferior olive","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1111","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1259630124","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"paraabducens nucleus","standardAcronym":"Pa6","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1111","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells surrounding the abducens nucleus ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"paraabducens nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1112","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-203847533","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"brachial nucleus of the inferior colliculus","standardAcronym":"BIC","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1112","cDefinition":"refers to a collection of cells medial to the brachium of the inferior colliculus in the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"nucleus brachium inferior colliculus","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"brachial nucleus of the inferior colliculus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"subcortical auditory system","parentNeuroNamesId":"2888","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2888","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1113","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1232032700","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial entorhinal cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1113","cDefinition":"refers to one of two subdivisions of the entorhinal area in the mouse; the other is the lateral entorhinal cortex ( Hof-2000 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"entorhinal cortex, medial part","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"medial entorhinal cortex","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"194"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1114","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-276469037","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"intermediate reticular nucleus","standardAcronym":"IRt","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1114","cDefinition":"refers to a part of the pontine reticular formation and medullary reticular formation of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001, Hof-2000 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"intermediate reticular nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"19"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1115","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-2523448","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterior tegmental nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1115","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells located ventral to the decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle in the midbrain of the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-1998 ), and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). Functionally it is one of six magnocellular nuclei of the midbrain reticular nucleus that belong to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"anterior tegmental nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"magnocellular nuclei of the midbrain reticular nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"2917","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2917","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1116","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-2117802103","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterior pretectal nucleus","standardAcronym":"APT","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1116","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells in the pretectal region of the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). Functionally it belongs to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"anterior pretectal nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"96"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"pretectal region","parentNeuroNamesId":"467","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=467","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"pretectal region (functional)","parentNeuroNamesId":"2916","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2916","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1117","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-2077540078","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"nucleus O","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1117","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells located bilaterally near the midline in the medulla of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"nucleus O","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"6"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1118","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"599540047","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"epifascicular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1118","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells near located ventromedial to the nucleus prepositus in the medulla of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"epifascicular nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1119","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1161481566","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Botzinger complex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1119","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells ventral to ambiguous nucleus in the medulla of vertebrates. It is involved in the control of respiration ( Costa-2014 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"Botzinger complex","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"363"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"Bötzinger Komplex","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1120","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1061420189","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"central nucleus of the inferior olivary complex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1120","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells in the inferior olivary complex of the mouse ( Hof-2000 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"inferior olivary complex, central nucleus","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"central nucleus of the inferior olivary complex","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1121","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-439062383","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"vestibulocerebellar nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1121","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells in the medullary body of the cerebellum of the mouse. It is located between the lateral vestibular nucleus and the deep cerebellar nuclei ( Hof-2000 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"vestibulocerebellar nucleus","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"vestibulocerebellar nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1122","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1614262838","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"cap of Kooy of the medial nucleus, inferior olive","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1122","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells in the inferior olivary complex of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"inferior olivary complex, cap of Kooy","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"inferior olive, cap of Kooy of the medial nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"cap of Kooy of the medial nucleus, inferior olive","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1123","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-2130093559","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventrolateral hypothalamic nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1123","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells dorsal to the supraoptic nucleus in the hypothalamus of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"ventrolateral hypothalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"7"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1124","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1487382981","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventromedial preoptic nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1124","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells located in the preoptic area of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"ventromedial preoptic nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"10"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1125","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1435272592","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"raphe cap","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1125","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the periaqueductal gray in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"raphe cap","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1126","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1304747118","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"supraoculomotor nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1126","cDefinition":"refers to a group of neurons in the midbrain tegmentum, dorsal to the oculomotor nuclear complex and ventral to the supraoculomotor cap. It is found in the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), rat ( Paxinos-2009b ), and mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). Some authors consider it part of the periaqueductal gray ( Paxinos-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"supraoculomotor periaqueductal gray","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"5"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"supraoculomotor nucleus","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"5"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1127","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1174961713","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventrolateral preoptic nucleus - obsolete","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1127","cDefinition":"","parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1128","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-904612371","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"supraoculomotor cap","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1128","cDefinition":"refers to a group of neurons in the periaqueductal gray about midway in its course from the level of the posterior commissure to the locus ceruleus. The cap is located dorsal to the supraoculomotor nucleus in the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), rat ( Paxinos-2009b ), and mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). It stains heavily for nitiric oxide synthase (NADPH-diaphorase) compared to the lateral periaqueductal gray dorsal to it ( Carrive-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"supraoculomotor cap","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"2"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1129","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-768859151","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventrolateral tegmental area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1129","cDefinition":"refers to an area medial to the lateral lemniscus in the pontine tegmentum of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"ventrolateral tegmental area","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"5"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1130","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-621896775","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"subbrachial nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1130","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells ventral to the nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"subbrachial nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"2"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1131","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-454258616","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"subincertal nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1131","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells located ventral to the zona incerta of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"subincertal nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"8"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1132","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-147481314","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"subgeniculate nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1132","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells located ventral to the pregeniculate nucleus in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"subgeniculate nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1133","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"429997395","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"superficial glial zone of the cochlear nuclei","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1133","cDefinition":"refers to a narrow area on the surface of the cochlear nuclei that contains few nerve cells in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"superficial glial zone of the cochlear nuclei","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1134","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"443889846","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"recess of the inferior colliculus","standardAcronym":"ReIC","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1134","cDefinition":"refers to the dorsal extension of the fourth ventricle that separates the cerebellum from the tectum of the midbrain in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"recess of the inferior colliculus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1135","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1081283401","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"retroparafascicular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1135","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells located a the level of the posterior commissure in the pretectal region of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"retroparafascicular nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1136","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1081790621","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventral reuniens thalamic nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1136","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells ventrolateral to the reuniens nucleus in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"ventral reuniens thalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1137","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1230091506","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateroventral periolivary nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1137","cDefinition":"refers to one of four cell groups identified by Nissl stain in the periolivary region of the macaque. The others are the medioventral periolivary nucleus, the superior paraolivary nucleus, and the dorsal periolivary region ( Paxinos-2009a ). It is also identified by some authors in the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). Functionally it is part of the subcortical auditory system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"lateroventral periolivary nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"3"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1138","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1454927343","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"accessory olfactory tract","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1138","cDefinition":"refers to a fiber bundle adjacent to the supraoptic decussations in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) and the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). It does not exist in the human or the macaque ( Olmos-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"accessory olfactory tract","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"42"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1139","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1645750535","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"visual tegmental relay zone","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1139","cDefinition":"refers to an area ventromedial to the red nucleus in the midbrain tegmentum of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"visual tegmental relay zone","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"8"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1140","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1729658807","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"retroethmoid nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1140","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells located dorsal to the medial lemniscus of the medulla at the boundary between the midbrain and the interbrain in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"retroethmoid nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"retroethmoidal nucleus of the thalamus","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1141","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1742915029","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"accessory trigeminal nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1141","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells ventromedial to the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"accessory trigeminal nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"5"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1142","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1867664554","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"subcommissural nucleus","standardAcronym":"SCom","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1142","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells located between the posterior commissure and the nucleus of Darkschewitsch in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) and the macaque ( Dubach-2008 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"subcommissural nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"5"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"subcommissural nucleus","synonymSource":"Dubach-2008","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroMaps - Macaque Brain Atlas","pubMedHits":"5"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1143","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"221167677","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"angular thalamic nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1143","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells ventral to the lateral dorsal nucleus in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"angular thalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1144","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-608468519","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"scaphoid thalamic nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1144","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells between the ethmoid nucleus of the thalamus and the anterior pretectal nucleus in the pretectal region of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"scaphoid thalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1145","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1709409088","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"retrorubral nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1145","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells in the midbrain of the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). It is located lateral to the pedunculopontine nucleus at the level of the decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle. It is not the same as the retrorubral area.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"retrorubral nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"25"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1146","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-743549288","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"rhabdoid nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1146","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells in the superior central nucleus raphe of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001) and rat ( Swanson-1998 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"rhabdoid nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1147","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-401234816","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventral part of the pontine reticular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1147","cDefinition":"refers to a small portion of the caudal pontine reticular nucleus defined by some authors on the basis of Nissl stain. It is located ventromedially adjacent to the nucleus raphe magnus ( Paxinos-2009, Hof-2000 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"pontine reticular nucleus, ventral part","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"ventral part of the pontine reticular nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1148","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1198406014","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"strial part of the preoptic area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1148","cDefinition":"refers to a portion of the preoptic area that is located ventral to the anterior commissure and adjacent to the nucleus of stria terminalis in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"strial part of the preoptic area","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1149","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"657109459","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"accessory nucleus of the ventral horn","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1149","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells in the lateral hypothalamic area of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"accessory nucleus of ventral horn","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"accessory nucleus of the ventral horn","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1150","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1554165728","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"component 'a' of the medial forebrain bundle","standardAcronym":"a","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1150","cDefinition":"refers to the medial forebrain bundle as it passes through the anterior hypothalamic region of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"medial forebrain bundle, 'a' component","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"component 'a' of the medial forebrain bundle","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1151","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-202312166","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"corticoamygdalar transition area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1151","cDefinition":"refers to a transitional zone between the piriform area and the the cortical amygdalar nucleus identified as a separate structure by some anatomists in the human ( Mai-1997 ), the rat ( Paxinos-2009b )and the mouse ( Franklin-2008; Hof-2000 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"cortex-amygdala transition zone","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"cortico-amygdaloid transition zone","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"corticoamygdaloid transition area","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"cortex-amygdala transition zone, layer 1","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009b","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"corticoamygdalar transition area","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"amygdalocortical (corticoamygdaloid) transition area","synonymSource":"AIBS","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Institute for Brain Science","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area transitoria cortico-amydalaris","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1152","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"349888492","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"caudal linear nucleus of the raphe","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1152","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the linear nucleus of the raphe in the ventral midbrain tegmentum at the level of the oculomotor nuclear complex. It is located in the midline of the human ( Hornung-2012 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ), and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ); it is dorsal, variably, to the interfascicular nucleus, the interpeduncular nucleus, the decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle and the ventral tegmental decussation, It contains a large number of serotonergic neurons ( Hornung-2012 ). The other component is the rostral linear nucleus of the raphe. Functionally it is part of the behavioral state system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"caudal linear nucleus of the raphe","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"central linear nucleus raphe","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"3"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"raphe nuclei (classical)","parentNeuroNamesId":"2495","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2495","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"raphe nuclei (functional)","parentNeuroNamesId":"3382","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3382","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1153","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1580474354","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial tuberal nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1153","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells located largely in the lateral hypothalamic area, near the ventral surface of the hypothalamus in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). See also tuberal nucleus and lateral tuberal nuclei.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"medial tuberal nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"10"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1154","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1079631864","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"nucleus of the horizontal limb of the diagonal band","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1154","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells associated rostrally with the horizontal limb of the diagonal band and that extends caudally as far as the lateral hypothalamic area ( Paxinos-2001 ). Some authors regard it to be part of the basal nucleus ( Swanson-1998, Hof-2000 )","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"nucleus of the horizontal limb of the diagonal band","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1155","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1078867249","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"amygdalostriatal transition area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1155","cDefinition":"refers to an area that lies between the amygdala and the striatum in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"amygdalostriatal transition area","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"14"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1156","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"27618709","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventral auditory areas","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1156","cDefinition":"refers to one of three subdivisions of the auditory cortex that are defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). It is located ventral to the primary auditory cortex, which is in turn located ventral to the third subdivision, the dorsal auditory areas. The auditory cortex is involved in the perception of sounds.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"auditory cortex, ventral part","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"secondary auditory cortex, ventral area","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"ventral auditory areas","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"auditory cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"1556","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1556","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1157","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-672207764","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal tegmental bundle","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1157","cDefinition":"refers to the lateral extension of the dorsal tegmental decussation in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"dorsal tegmental bundle","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"6"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1158","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1984320972","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"nuclei of the lateral lemniscus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1158","cDefinition":"refers to groups of cells located within or adjacent to the lateral lemniscus in the pontine tegmentum. In the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( Amunts-2012 ) they include a dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus and a ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus. Some authors identify also a frontal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus in the human; it is located more rostrally at the level of the red nucleus in the midbrain tegmentum ( Crosby-1962 ). \r\nIn the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) the structures include, between the dorsal and ventral nuclei, a narrow horizontal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus. Some authors subdivide the ventral nucleus of the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ) into an intermediate nucleus of the lateral lemniscus and a ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (Paxinos). Functionally the nuclei of the lateral lemniscus are part of the subcortical auditory system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"paralemniscal nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"21"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (Bechterew)","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"nucleus of the lateral lemniscus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"nuclei of the lateral lemniscus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleus of the lateral lemniscus","synonymSource":"Amunts-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Auditory System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"subcortical auditory system","parentNeuroNamesId":"2888","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2888","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1159","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1045494352","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"deep mesencephalic nucleus","standardAcronym":"DpMe","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1159","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells in the midbrain reticular formation in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"deep mesencephalic nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"48"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"midbrain reticular formation","parentNeuroNamesId":"501","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=501","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1160","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-393964923","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial part of the supramammillary nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1160","cDefinition":"refers to one of two subdivisions of the supramammillary area (or nucleus) in the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). The other is the lateral part of the supramammillary nucleus. Medial and lateral parts are not distinguished in the human ( Saper-2004 ) or the macaque ( Bleier-1984 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"supramammillary nucleus, medial part","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"medial part of the supramammillary nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"supramammillary area","parentNeuroNamesId":"417","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=417","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1161","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2103908915","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"subpedencular tegmental nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1161","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells located ventral to the superior cerebellar peduncle of the midbrain and the decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"subpedencular tegmental nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1162","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1661192099","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lambdoid septal zone","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1162","cDefinition":"refers to a part of the medial septal nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"lambdoid septal zone","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"lambdoid septal zone (Paxinos-Watson)","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1163","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1705900441","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"shell of the nucleus accumbens","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1163","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the nucleus accumbens ( Paxinos-2001 ). See also core of the nucleus accumbens.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"accumbens nucleus, shell","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"shell of the nucleus accumbens","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1164","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1080843786","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"allocortex - obsolete","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1164","cDefinition":"","parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1165","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-874669027","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsomedial pontine nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1165","cDefinition":"refers to a portion of the pontine nuclei located in the midline between the medial lemniscus of the two sides in the basal pons of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"dorsomedial pontine nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"3"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1166","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1340634865","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsolateral orbital cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1166","cDefinition":"refers to a cortical area located at the ventrolateral margin of the cerebral hemisphere in the frontal region of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"dorsolateral orbital cortex","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1167","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1793538894","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsomedial cell group of the inferior olive","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1167","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells in the inferior olivary complex of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"inferior olive, dorsomedial cell group","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"inferior olivary complex, dorsomedial nucleus","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"dorsomedial cell group of the inferior olive","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1168","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-399819267","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ethmoid nucleus of the thalamus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1168","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells located centrally in the posterior portion of the thalamus of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"ethmoidal nucleus of the thalamus","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"ethmoid thalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1169","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"382942993","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"amygdalopiriform transition area - obsolete","standardAcronym":"","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1169","cDefinition":"","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"amygdalopiriform transition area","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"7"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"amygdalopiriform transition area","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"7"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1171","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1536115395","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"intercollicular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1171","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells located between the superior colliculus and the inferior colliculus in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001, Hof-2000 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"intercollicular nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"36"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1172","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-614408469","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal part of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1172","cDefinition":"refers to one of three parts of the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus in the mouse. The others are the compact part of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus and the ventral part of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus, dorsal part","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"dorsal part of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1173","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"750142562","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"epirubrospinal nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1173","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells in the pontine tegmentum of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). Some authors regard it as part of the nuclei of the lateral lemniscus ( Swanson-1998 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"epirubrospinal nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1174","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1492242275","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"stigmoid hypothalamic nucleus - obsolete","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1174","cDefinition":"","parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1175","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"833638283","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"septohypothalamic nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1175","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells located between the lateral septal nucleus and the anterior commissure in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). Some authors regard it as part of the lateral septal nucleus ( Swanson-1998 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"septohypothalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"24"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"septohypothalamic nucleus (Bleier)","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1176","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-34766854","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial pretectal nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1176","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells near the dorsal surface of the tectum of the midbrain between the superior colliculus and the epithalamus of the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). Functionally it belongs to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"medial pretectal nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"8"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"medial pretectal area","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"7"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"pretectal region (functional)","parentNeuroNamesId":"2916","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2916","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1177","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"18316578","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"sphenoid nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1177","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells located dorsally near the midline in the pontine tegmentum of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"sphenoid nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"6"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1178","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1239388469","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"nucleus of stria medullaris","standardAcronym":"STM","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1178","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells located adjacent to the stria medullaris of the thalamus at the boundary between the thalamus and the hypothalamus of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"nucleus of the stria medullaris","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"bed nucleus of stria medullaris","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"bed nucleus of the stria medullaris","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"nucleus of stria medullaris","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Bed nucleus of the stria medularis","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"extended pallidum","parentNeuroNamesId":"2673","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2673","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1179","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"740708606","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"nucleus of the accessory olfactory tract","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1179","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells near the surface of the brain between the supraoptic nucleus and the cortical amygdalar nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). It is one of five subdivisions of the medial amygdalar nucleus. The other four are the anterodorsal part of the medial amygdalar nucleus, the anteroventral part of the medial amygdalar nucleus, the posterodorsal part of the medial amygdalar nucleus and the posteroventral part of the medial amygdalar nucleus ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"bed nucleus of the accessory olfactory tract","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"bed nucleus accessory olfactory tract (Scalia-Winans)","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"nucleus of the accessory olfactory tract","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"accessory olfactory formation","synonymSource":"Olmos-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Amygdala","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"medial amygdalar nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"241","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=241","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1180","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1846360614","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"calbindin-containing nucleus of pons","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1180","cDefinition":"refers to a midline group of cells that label for calbindin. The cells are located at the boundary between the nucleus prepositus and the medial longitudinal fasciculus in the mouse ( Hof-2000 )","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"calbindin-containing nucleus of pons","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1181","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1078944376","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterior commissural nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1181","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells located caudal to the anterior commissure in the mouse (Paxinos-2001) and rat ( Swanson-1998 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"anterior commissural nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"26"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"paraventricular nucleus hypothalamus, anterior magnocellular part","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"anterior commissural nucleus (Peterson)","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1182","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-869075658","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"periolivary region - obsolete","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1182","cDefinition":"","parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1183","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1081791049","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 1 of Peele","standardAcronym":"1","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1183","cDefinition":"refers to a cortical area in the postcentral gyrus defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta). The author regarded it as the same as area 1 of Brodmann (guenon). The cortical thickness was 1.26 mm. The molecular layer of the cerebral cortex (I) was thin and contained a moderate number of cells, predominantly spindle cells with a few granule cells. The external granular layer (II) was about 10 cells deep and composed of granule cells larger than in layer IV; an occasional small pyramidal cell was seen deep in the layer. The external pyramidal layer (III) was divisible into two or three sublayers, but without regular pattern; small pyramidal cells in the outer sublayers increased to medium size in deeper sublayers. The internal granular layer (IV) was twice as thick as layer II and was composed of small, densely packed granule cells with a few larger granule cells. The internal pyramidal layer (V) had about the same thickness as layer IV; most of its cells were small to medium, diffusely distributed pyramidal cells. The multiform layer (VI) contained spindle cells, small pyramidal cells and a few pyramidal cells of medium size ( Peele-1942 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"area 1 of Peele-1942","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"area 1","synonymSource":"Peele-1942","synonymSourceTitle":"Cytoarchitecture of individual parietal areas in the monkey (Macaca mulatta) and the distribution of the efferent fibers","pubMedHits":"1123"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1184","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"395642271","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 3 of Peele","standardAcronym":"3","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1184","cDefinition":"refers to a cortical area in the postcentral gyrus defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta). The author regarded it as the same as area 3 of Brodmann (guenon). Cortical thickness was 1.08 mm. The molecular layer of the cerebral cortex (I) contained few cells, with about equal numbers of granular cells and spindle cells. The external granular layer (II) was about 12 cells deep with small and medium sized granule cells densely grouped; an occasional small pyramidal cell was seen deep in the layer. Cells in the external pyramidal layer (III) were densely and irregularly arranged; most were small or medium in size with a few larger cells scattered on both sides of the boundary with the next layer. The internal granular layer (IV) was composed of very small granular cells, loosely packed, and was about 12 cells deep. The internal pyramidal layer (V) consisted of two loosely arranged sublayers, an outer sublayer of cells of medium size and an inner sublayer containing groups of larger pyramidal cells. Its boundary with the multiform layer (VI), a narrow zone of medium sized spindle cells, was indistinct and contained a few small pyramidal cells ( Peele-1942 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"area 3","synonymSource":"Peele-1942","synonymSourceTitle":"Cytoarchitecture of individual parietal areas in the monkey (Macaca mulatta) and the distribution of the efferent fibers","pubMedHits":"640"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"area 3 of Peele-1942","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1185","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"518717669","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 7 of Peele","standardAcronym":"7","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1185","cDefinition":"refers to a cortical area in the parietal lobe defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta). The author regarded it as the same as area 7 of Brodmann (guenon). The cortical thickness was 1.80 mm. It was distinguished from area 5 of Peele particularly by 1) a lack of large pyramidal cells in the internal granular layer (V); 2) by a radial arrangement of cells in the supragranular layers I, II and, especially, III, which the author likened to the pattern seen in area 6 of Brodmann (guenon) in the frontal lobe; and 3) a stripe formed by slender triangular shaped pyramidal cells in the innermost sublayer of layer III. The molecular layer of the cerebral cortex (I) was wider than in the postcentral gyrus and contained only a few spindle cells and granule cells. The external granular layer (II) contained medium sized granule cells that were less densely distributed in a narrower band than in area 5 of Peele; its boundaries were indistinct. The external pyramidal layer (III) had three distinct sublayers with pyramidal cells, very many triangular in shape, that progressed from smaller to large in the deepest of the three sublayers; it differed from that of area 5 of Peele in that the cells were not as densely distributed, and the larger cells were not as large as in area 5. The internal granular layer (IV) was 12 to 15 cells thick and was of very small granule cells less densely distributed than in area 5. The internal pyramidal layer (V) was ill-defined and contained medium to large pyramidal cells. The multiform layer (VI) was compact, had a distinct boundary with the underlying white matter and contained small pyramidal cells and spindle cells ( Peele-1942 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"area 7 of Peele","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"area 7","synonymSource":"Peele-1942","synonymSourceTitle":"Cytoarchitecture of individual parietal areas in the monkey (Macaca mulatta) and the distribution of the efferent fibers","pubMedHits":"351"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1186","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-2110126000","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"mesencephalic reticular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1186","cDefinition":"refers to the large portion of the midbrain reticular formation excluding the pedunculopontine nucleus and the cuneiform nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and, in the mouse, it excludes the retrorubral area as well ( Hof-2000 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"mesencephalic reticular nucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"15"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1187","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-2010735025","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"linear nucleus of the medulla","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1187","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells in the medullary reticular formation of the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-1998 ), and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). It is \"reminiscent of a bridge of lateral reticular nucleus cells over the rostral end of the [ ambiguous nucleus ].\" ( Swanson-2004 ) Functionally it belongs to the postcerebellar and precerebellar nuclei of the behavior control column ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"linear nucleus of the medulla","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"linear nucleus medulla","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"epiolivary nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Organization of Brainstem Nuclei","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"epiolivary lateral reticular nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009a","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain, Second Edition","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"postcerebellar and precerebellar nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"2897","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2897","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1188","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1951800997","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"subependymal zone","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1188","cDefinition":"refers to multiple layers of stem cells deep to the ependyma lining the walls of the neural tube in the Encephalon (embryonic brain). During early developoment, the stem cells migrate toward the outer surfaces of the brain as they differentiate to populate those areas with neurons and glia.\r\nAs the brain develops the shape of the tube modifies to form the cerebral ventricles, cerebral aqueduct, the central canal of the medulla spinal cord. In the adult brain the subependymal zone has disappeared in all areas except the lateral wall of the lateral ventricles ( Kazanis-2009 ). \r\nIn the human it is most prominent at the rostral extreme of the ventricle and in the angle betweeen the head of the caudate nucleus and the corpus callosum ( Mai-1997 ). In the adult rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ) the zone extends laterally from the ventricle to form a narrow layer between the corpus callosum and the dorsal surface of the striatum. It also lines the frontal horn of the lateral ventricle as it extends rostrally along the anterior olfactory nucleus and the olfactory limb of the anterior commissure deep into the olfactory bulb.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"subependymal zone","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"129"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"subependymal gray","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Substantia gliosa subependymalis","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1189","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1933335511","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"accessory optic tract","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1189","cDefinition":"refers to a fiber bundle located near the junction of the oculomotor nerve and the crus cerebri ( Swanson-1998 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"accessory optic tract","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"56"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"optic nerve","parentNeuroNamesId":"289","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=289","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1190","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1916286841","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal peduncular area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1190","cDefinition":"refers to a cytoarchitectonic area on the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere rostral to the septum, ventral to the infralimbic area and dorsal to the tenia tecta in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001, Hof-2000 ) and rat ( Paxinos-2009b ). Some authors regard it not as a separate structure but as the ventral part of the infralimbic area ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"dorsal peduncular area","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"dorsal peduncular cortex","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"4"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1191","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1903570078","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"interfascicular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1191","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells located rostral and dorsal to the interpeduncular nucleus in the midline of the midbrain of the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ), and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). Functionally it is part of the behavioral state system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"interfascicular nucleus raphe","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"interfascicular nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"45"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"raphe nuclei (classical)","parentNeuroNamesId":"2495","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2495","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"raphe nuclei (functional)","parentNeuroNamesId":"3382","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3382","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1192","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1901460249","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"granular insula","standardAcronym":"Ig","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1192","cDefinition":"refers to a portion of the insula defined on the basis of internal structure. In the human it occupies the posterodorsal portion of the long insular gyri and is divided into two parts, area Ig1 of Kurth and area Ig2 of Kurth. In the macaque it also occupies the posterior part of the insula but is not subdivided ( Mesulam-1984; Paxinos-2009a ).\r\nClassified as neocortex ( true isocortex component ), the granular insula is distinguished from the adjacent dysgranular insula ( periallocortex ) by the presence of two distinct granular layers: external granular layer (II) and internal granular layer (IV) ( Zilles-2004 ).\r\nThe architectonically equivalent structure of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ), which is referred to functionally as the visceral area, is located on the lateral surface rostral to the center of the hemisphere. It is ventral to the supplemental somatosensory areas, and dorsal to the dysgranular insula ( functional designation gustatory cortex) anteriorly, and to the agranular insular area posteriorly.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"visceral area","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"23"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"granular insular area","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"8"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"granular insular cortex","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"16"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"insular isocortical belt","synonymSource":"Zilles-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Architecture of the human cerebral cortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"granular-isocortical insula","synonymSource":"Mesulam-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"The insula of Reil in man and monkey: Architectonics, connectivity, and function","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"granular insula","synonymSource":"Pritchard-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Gustatory System","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"granular insula","synonymSource":"Pritchard-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Gustatory System","pubMedHits":"25"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area Ig of Mesulam","synonymSource":"Mesulam-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Insula of the Old World Monkey. I: Architectonics in the Insulo-orbito-temporal Component of the Paralimbic Brain","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"granular domain","synonymSource":"Gallay-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"The Insula of Reil Revisited: Multiarchitectonic Organization in Macaque Monkeys","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"Cortex insularis granularis","synonymSource":"Roberts-1963","synonymSourceTitle":"Insular and opercular cortex and its thalamic projection in Macaca mulatta","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"visceral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"2709","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2709","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1193","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1884810385","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"nucleus y","standardAcronym":"Y","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1193","cDefinition":"refers to a group cells between the inferior cerebellar peduncle and the lateral vestibular nucleus in the medulla of the human ( Holstein-2012 ), macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). Functionally it belongs to the vestibulomotor regions of the behavior control column ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"nucleus y (Brodal-Pompeiano)","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"nucleus Y","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"8"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleus y","synonymSource":"Holstein-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"The Vestibular System","pubMedHits":"8"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"y-group","synonymSource":"Holstein-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"The Vestibular System","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"vestibulomotor regions","parentNeuroNamesId":"2900","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2900","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1194","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1884511601","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"C3 cell group","standardAcronym":"C3","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1194","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells that label for PNMT, the enzyme that converts norepinephrine to epinephrine (adrenalin); thus, they are regarded as 'putative adrenergic cells'. They are found in the dorsal midline of the rostral medulla in conjunction with the noradrenergic group A3. Seen in rodents, group C3 is not detectable in most other species, including primates ( Kitahama-1994 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"C3 adrenaline cells","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"adrenergic group C3","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"C3 cell group","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"5"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"adrenergic cell groups","parentNeuroNamesId":"3140","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3140","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Monoamine Cell Groups","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1195","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1849049562","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"intergeniculate leaf","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1195","cDefinition":"refers to a narrow zone between the lateral geniculate nucleus and the pregeniculate nucleus in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"intergeniculate leaflet","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"294"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"intergeniculate leaf","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"4"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1196","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1802003373","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"A6sc cell group","standardAcronym":"A6sc","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1196","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells fluorescent for norepinephrine that are scattered in the subceruleus nucleus of the macaque ( Felten-1983, German-1975 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"noradrenergic group A6sc","synonymSource":"Felten-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Monoamine distribution in primate brain V. Monoaminergic nuclei: anatomy, pathways and local organization.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"A6sc cell group","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"noradrenergic cell groups","parentNeuroNamesId":"3139","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3139","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Monoamine Cell Groups","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1197","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1796810510","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"locus ceruleus complex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1197","cDefinition":"refers to a composite group of cells fluorescent for norepinephrine that are located in the dorsolateral pontine tegmentum. It includes the noradrenergic A4 cell group, A6 cell group, and A6sc cell group ( Felten-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"locus ceruleus complex","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"6"},{"synonymLanguage":"Mixed","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"locus coeruleus complex","synonymSource":"Felten-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Monoamine distribution in primate brain V. Monoaminergic nuclei: anatomy, pathways and local organization.","pubMedHits":"4961"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1198","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1761076002","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"B6 cell group","standardAcronym":"B6","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1198","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells fluorescent for serotonin located in the floor of the fourth ventricle dorsal to, and between, the right and left medial longitudinal fasciculus of the pons in the primate ( Felten-1983 ) and the rodent ( Dahlstrom-1964 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"primate","synonymName":"serotonergic group B6","synonymSource":"Felten-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Monoamine distribution in primate brain V. Monoaminergic nuclei: anatomy, pathways and local organization.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"B6 cell group","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"serotonergic cell groups","parentNeuroNamesId":"3137","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3137","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Monoamine Cell Groups","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1199","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1622388165","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"A5 cell group","standardAcronym":"A5","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1199","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells in the vicinity of the superior olivary complex in the pontine tegmentum that label for norepinephine in primates ( Felten-1983 ), rodents ( Dahlstrom-1964 ) and other mammals ( Kitahama-1994 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"A5 cell group","synonymSource":"Smeets-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Catecholamines in the CNS of vertebrates: current concepts of evolution and functional significance","pubMedHits":"54"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"noradrenergic group A5","synonymSource":"Felten-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Monoamine distribution in primate brain V. Monoaminergic nuclei: anatomy, pathways and local organization.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"A5 noradrenaline cells","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"noradrenergic cell groups","parentNeuroNamesId":"3139","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3139","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Monoamine Cell Groups","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1200","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1614594374","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"A14 cell group","standardAcronym":"A14","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1200","cDefinition":"refers to a few cells fluorescent for dopamine observed in and near the preoptic periventricular nucleus of the primate ( Felten-1983 ). In the mouse, cells in the anterodorsal preoptic nucleus are assigned to this group ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"A14 dopamine cells","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"primate","synonymName":"dopaminergic group A14","synonymSource":"Felten-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Monoamine distribution in primate brain V. Monoaminergic nuclei: anatomy, pathways and local organization.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"cell group A14","synonymSource":"Smeets-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Catecholamines in the CNS of vertebrates: current concepts of evolution and functional significance","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"A14 cell group","synonymSource":"Smeets-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Catecholamines in the CNS of vertebrates: current concepts of evolution and functional significance","pubMedHits":"3"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"dopaminergic cell groups","parentNeuroNamesId":"3138","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3138","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Monoamine Cell Groups","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1201","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1594623744","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"caudoventrolateral reticular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1201","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells in the medullary reticular formation of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"caudoventrolateral reticular nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"4"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1202","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"196","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"encephale isole","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1202","cDefinition":"refers to isolated brain separated from the spinal cord by a cut at the junction of the medulla with the spinal cord ( Anthoney-1994 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"encephale isole","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"30"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1203","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"197","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"cerveau isole","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1203","cDefinition":"refers to isolation of the rostral portion of the midbrain and forebrain from the caudal porton of midbrain and hindbrain by a cut through the brainstem between the superior colliculus and the inferior colliculus bilaterally ( Anthoney-1994 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"cerveau isole","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"28"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1204","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"199","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral lemniscal nuclei","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1204","cDefinition":"refers to the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus and the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus in the pontine tegmentum ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nukleus lemniskus lateral","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral lemniscal nuclei","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"16"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nuclei lemnisci lateralis","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Nuclei lemnisci lateralis","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nuclei del lemnisco laterale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"ядра латеральной петли","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Mozga Cheloveka (Atlas of the Human Brain)","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1205","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"200","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"tegmental nuclei","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1205","cDefinition":"refers to the dorsal tegmental nucleus, the ventral tegmental nucleus and the cuneiform nucleus of the midbrain reticular formation ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"tegmental nuclei","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"256"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nuclei tegmenti","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nuclei tegmentales","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nuclei tegmentali","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"ядра покрышки","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1206","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"204","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"limiting medullary lamina of the globus pallidus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1206","cDefinition":"refers to white matter at the medial boundary of the medial globus pallidus ( Mai-1997 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"limiting medullary lamina of the globus pallidus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lamina pallidi limitans","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lamella pallidi limitans","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1207","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"206","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"cerebellar peduncles","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1207","cDefinition":"refers to the three peduncles of the cerebellum. They are the superior cerebellar peduncle, the middle cerebellar peduncle and the inferior cerebellar peduncle ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"pedunkel serebelar","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cerebellar peduncles","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"323"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"pedunculi pontis cerebelli","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Pedunculi cerebelli","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Pedunculi cerebelli","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Kleinhirnstiele","synonymSource":"Schultze-1993","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomisches Wörterbuch","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Kleinhirnschenkel","synonymSource":"Kahle-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"Taschenatlas der Anatomie
\r\nVolume 3: Nervensystem und Sinnesorgane","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"pedunculi cerebellare","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"мозжечковые ножки","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"ножки мозжечка","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"ножки моста","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"pedúnculos cerebelosos","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"cerebellar tracts","parentNeuroNamesId":"3010","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3010","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1208","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"208","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"cerebral sulci","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1208","cDefinition":"(singular: sulcus) refers to surface indentations of the cerebral cortex. While there are sulci in both the human and the macaque brain, their names and locations are somewhat different. In NeuroNames the names of sulci that are found only in the human are followed by (human); those found only in the macaque are followed by (macaque) ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cerebral sulci","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"92"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"cerebral sulcus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"14"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulci cerebri","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulci cerebrales","synonymSource":"Nomina-1989","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"борозды","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1209","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"209","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"cerebellar fiber tracts - obsolete","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1209","cDefinition":"","parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1210","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"210","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"cerebral lobes","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1210","cDefinition":"refers to the major subdivisions of the cerebral cortex. The cerebral lobes include the frontal lobe, the parietal lobe, the occipital lobe, the temporal lobe and the insula ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cerebral lobes","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"99"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lobi cerebri","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lobi cerebrales","synonymSource":"Nomina-1989","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1211","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"211","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"cerebral gyri","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1211","cDefinition":"(singular: gyrus) refers to the surface convolutions of the cerebral cortex. There are about 30 named gyri in both the human and macaque, but their patterning and names differ somewhat. In NeuroNames the names of gyri that are found only in the human are followed by (H); those found only in the macaque are followed by (M) ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cerebral gyri","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"27"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cortical convolutions","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"17"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"cerebral gyrus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"5"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyri cerebri","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyri cerebrales","synonymSource":"Nomina-1989","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1212","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"212","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"cerebellar folia","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1212","cDefinition":"refers to the minute structures that constitute the surface of the cerebellar cortex. In cross-section they resemble leaves (Latin: folia) ( Carpenter-1983, Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cerebellar folia","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"98"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"folia of cerebellum","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Folia cerebelli","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Kleinhirnwindungen","synonymSource":"Schultze-1993","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomisches Wörterbuch","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"извилины мозжечка","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"листки мозжечка","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"láminas cerebelosas","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"folia cerebelli","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1213","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"213","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"cerebellar fissures","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1213","cDefinition":"refers to surface indentations of the cerebellum. They include the primary fissure of the cerebellum, which separates the anterior lobe of the cerebellum from the posterior lobe of the cerebellum; the posterior superior fissure, the horizontal fissure of the cerebellum and the prepyramidal fissure of the posterior lobe; and the posterolateral fissure, which separates the posterior lobe of the cerebellum from the flocculonodular lobe ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cerebellar fissures","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"17"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fissurae cerebelli","synonymSource":"Nomina-1989","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fissure cerebelli","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1214","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"214","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"cerebellar hemisphere","standardAcronym":"CbH","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1214","cDefinition":"refers to the combination of cerebellar cortex and cerebellar white matter lateral to the vermis of the cerebellum ( Carpenter-1983 ). The cortical portion of the cerebellar hemispheres is referred to as hemispheric regions of the cerebellum ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"hemisfer serebelum","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cerebellar hemisphere","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"838"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral lobe of cerebellum","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"hemisphere of cerebellum","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"hemispheric zone","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Hemispherium cerebelli","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Hemisphaerium cerebelli","synonymSource":"Nieuwenhuys-1987","synonymSourceTitle":"Illustrations of the gross anatomy of the brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Kleinhirnhemisphäre","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"emisfero cerebellare","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"cervelletto, emisfero","synonymSource":"Hanaway-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Il Sistema Nervoso Centrale dell'Uomo: Atlante","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"полушариe мозжечка","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"hemisferio cerebeloso","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"zona hemisférica","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1215","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"215","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus dorsalis raphae","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1215","cDefinition":"denotes a structure in the pontine reticular formation. It includes parts or all of the dorsal raphe nucleus, the median raphe nucleus, the inferior central nucleus, the nucleus raphe pontis and the nucleus raphe obscurus ( Shantha-1968 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Nucleus dorsalis raphae","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"1"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1216","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"216","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventral raphe","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1216","cDefinition":"denotes a structure in the medullary reticular formation. It includes parts or all of the nucleus raphe magnus and the nucleus raphe pallidus ( Shantha-1968 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"ventral raphe","synonymSource":"Jones-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"BrainMaps.org","pubMedHits":"19"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Nucleus ventralis raphae","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1217","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"217","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"thalamic medullary laminae","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1217","cDefinition":"refers to two of the six thalamic fiber tracts, namely, the external medullary lamina and the internal medullary lamina ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"thalamic medullary laminae","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Laminae medullares thalami","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"мозговые пластинки таламуса","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1218","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"219","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"cerebral projection fibers","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1218","cDefinition":"refers to nerve fibers that connect various areas of the cerebral cortex with the interbrain, the midbrain, the pons and the medulla. Major structures in which they are found include the cerebral white matter (including the internal capsule), the crus cerebri of the midbrain and the pyramidal tract ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"serabut projeksi","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cerebral projection fibers","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"projection fibers of cerebral cortex","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Neurofibrae projectiones","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Projektionsbahnen","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibre di proiezione","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"проекционные пути","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"проекционные нервные волокна","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibras de proyección","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1219","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"220","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"cerebral association fibers","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1219","cDefinition":"denotes fibers in the endbrain that connect areas of the cerebral cortex within the same hemisphere. Major structures in which they are found include the cingulum and other parts of the cerebral white matter, the external capsule, the extreme capsule, the arcuate fasciculus, the uncinate fasciculus of the forebrain, the inferior longitudinal fasciculus, the superior longitudinal fasciculus, the inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus, and the subcallosal fasciculus ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"serabut asosiasi","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cerebral association fibers","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Neurofibrae associationes","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Assoziationsbahnen","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibre associative","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"ассoциативные нервные волокна","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibras de asociación","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1220","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"221","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"cerebral commissural fibers - obsolete","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1220","cDefinition":"","parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1221","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"222","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"cerebral hemisphere","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1221","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure of the endbrain. Left and right cerebral hemispheres are separated by the longitudinal fissure. Each hemisphere is composed of cerebral cortex, cerebral white matter and basal ganglia ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"hemisfer serebrum","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cerebral hemisphere","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"2328"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"hemispheria cerebri","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Hemispherium cerebri","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Hemispherium cerebralis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Endhirnhemisphäre","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Halbkugel","synonymSource":"Schultze-1993","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomisches Wörterbuch","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Großhirnhemisphäre","synonymSource":"Schultze-1993","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomisches Wörterbuch","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"emisferi cerebrali","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"полушарие мозга","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"полушарие переднего мозга","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"полушарие большого мозга","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"полушарие конечного мозга","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"hemispherio cerebral","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1222","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"224","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"superior nucleus of cranial nerve 5 (Goldberg)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1222","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure that consists of the principal sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve, the midbrain trigeminal nucleus, and the spinal trigeminal nucleus ( Anthoney-1994 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superior nucleus of cranial nerve 5 (Goldberg)","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1223","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"225","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"reticular formation (classical)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1223","cDefinition":"denotes a composite substructure of the brainstem that consists of the midbrain reticular formation, the pontine reticular formation and the medullary reticular formation ( Carpenter-1983 ). See also reticular formation (functional).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"formasi retikular","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"reticular formation","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"4643"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"reticular formation-1","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"brainstem reticular formation","synonymSource":"Mai-1987","synonymSourceTitle":"Neurotensin in the human brain.\n","pubMedHits":"165"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"brain stem reticular formation","synonymSource":"Medvedov-1987","synonymSourceTitle":"Spectral analysis of the EEG of the healthy rat and the rat genetically predisposed to seizure susceptibility\n","pubMedHits":"97"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"reticular formation of the brainstem","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"reticular formation (classical)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Formatio reticularis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"31"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca nemestrina","synonymName":"Formatio reticularis","synonymSource":"Winters-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Brain Atlas For Macaca nemestrina","pubMedHits":"31"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Substantia reticularis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Substantia reticularis","synonymSource":"Olszewski-1952","synonymSourceTitle":"The Thalamus Of The Macaca mulatta: An Atlas For Use With The Stereotaxic Instrument","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"formazione reticolare","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"ретиклярная вещество","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"сетчатое образование","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"ретикулярная формация","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"formación reticular","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1224","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"226","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"reticular nuclei","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1224","cDefinition":"refers to many nuclei in the reticular formation (classical) of the brainstem some of which contain the word \"reticular\", others of which do not ( Anthoney-1994 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nukleus-nukleus retikular","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"reticular nuclei","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"368"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1225","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"231","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ascending reticular activating system","standardAcronym":"RAS","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1225","cDefinition":"refers to a set of neurons and pathways that are defined by their connections and functions. It overlaps but is not precisely coincident with the reticular formation (classical) of the brainstem ( Carpenter-1983, Anthoney-1994 ). Once believed to be a 'diffuse arousal network', a source of nonspecific activation of forebrain functions, subsequent research has indicated it to be composed of a large number of individual cell groups devoted to very specific motor and autonomic functions ( Buettner-Ennever-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"Ascending Reticular Activating System (ARAS)","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"sistem pengaktivitas retikular asenden","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ascending reticular activating system","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"66"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ascending activating system","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"18"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ascending reticular system","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"9"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"reticular activating system","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"191"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"aufsteigendes Aktivierungssystem","synonymSource":"Kahle-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"Taschenatlas der Anatomie
\r\nVolume 3: Nervensystem und Sinnesorgane","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"aufsteigendes Retikularissystem","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"sistema reticolare attivatore ascendente","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1226","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"232","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"sensorimotor strip","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1226","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure of the primary motor cortex and the primary somatosensory cortex. In humans and macaques it is located in portions of the precentral gyrus and the postcentral gyrus, which meet at the floor of the central sulcus ( Anthoney-1994 ). In the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ) it is located on the dorsolateral area of the rostral cerebral cortex. See also sensorimotor cortex.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"sensorimotor strip","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"12"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"corteccia sensoriomotoria","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1227","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"233","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"cranial nerves","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1227","cDefinition":"refers to the nerves that attach to the brain. They include the olfactory nerve (I), optic nerve (II), oculomotor nerve (III), trochlear nerve (IV), trigeminal nerve (V), abducens nerve (VI), facial nerve (VII), vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII), glossopharyngeal nerve (IX), vagus nerve (X), accessory nerve (XI) and hypoglossal nerve (XII). While the cranial nerves are substructures of the peripheral nervous system, they are also superficial features (appendages) of the brain structures to which they attach ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"saraf otak","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cranial nerves","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"4461"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nervi craniales","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nervi encephalici","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Hirnnerven","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nervi cranici","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"черепные нервы","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"nervios craneales","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1228","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"234","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"spinal nerves","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1228","cDefinition":"denotes the 31 pairs of nerves that exit the spinal cord. They include 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral and 1 coccygeal nerve pairs. As substructures of the peripheral nervous system, they are not in the NeuroNames hierarchy ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"spinal nerves","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"2604"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nervi spinales","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Rückenmarksnerven","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Spinalnerven","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1229","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"235","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"allocortex - obsolete","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1229","cDefinition":"","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"korteks rinensefalon","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"allokorteks","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"korteks heterogenetik","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"allocortex","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"101"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"heterogenetic cortex","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"allocortex - obsolete","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Allocortex","synonymSource":"Stephan-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Allocortex","pubMedHits":"101"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"corteccia eterogenetica","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"allocorteccia","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"corteza heterogenética","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"corteza heterotípica","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"alocorteza","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1230","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"245","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"occipital lobe (Ono)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1230","cDefinition":"refers to a common alternate definition of the occipital lobe in which the boundaries with the temporal lobe and parietal lobe are defined on the lateral surface by a line connecting the preoccipital notch with the parieto-occipital sulcus. On the medial surface the boundary is defined by the parieto-occipital sulcus to the calcarine sulcus, a short segment of calcarine sulcus and a vertical line from there to the preoccipital notch ( Ono-1990 ). By this definition the fusiform gyrus and lingual gyrus are subdivided into temporal and occipital portions. In NeuroNames the entire fusiform gyrus is included in the temporal lobe and the entire lingual gyrus in the occipital lobe.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"occipital lobe (Ono)","synonymSource":"Ono-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"occipital lobe (Ono)","synonymSource":"Kretschmann-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Cranial Neuroimaging and Clinical Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1231","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"246","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"temporal lobe (Ono)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1231","cDefinition":"refers to a common alternate definition of the temporal lobe in which the boundary with the occipital lobe is defined on its lateral surface by a line connecting the preoccipital notch with the parieto-occipital sulcus. On the medial surface the boundary is defined by an approximately vertical line between the preoccipital notch and the calcarine sulcus rostral to its junction with the parieto-occipital sulcus ( Ono-1990 ). By this definition the fusiform gyrus and lingual gyrus are subdivided into temporal and occipital portions. In NeuroNames the entire fusiform gyrus is included in the temporal lobe and the entire lingual gyrus in the occipital lobe.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"temporal lobe (Ono)","synonymSource":"Ono-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"temporal lobe (Ono)","synonymSource":"Kretschmann-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Cranial Neuroimaging and Clinical Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1232","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"248","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"isthmus of the hindbrain","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1232","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of pontine tegmentum at its junction with the midbrain. It includes the superior medullary velum, the superior cerebellar peduncle and the decussation of the trochlear nerve ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"isthmus of the hindbrain","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"isthmus of rhombencephalon","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"isthmus of pons","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"pretrigeminal level of pons","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"isthmus of brainstem","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Isthmus rhombencephali","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Isthmus-1","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"12"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"istmo del rombencefalo","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"перешеек ромбовидного мозга","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1233","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"252","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Wernicke's area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1233","cDefinition":"refers to a functionally defined substructure of the cerebral cortex that includes portions of the supramarginal gyrus, the angular gyrus, the superior temporal gyrus and the middle temporal gyrus. It is involved in language comprehension ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"area Wernicke","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Wernicke's area","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"228"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Wernicke's speech area","synonymSource":"Willis-1981","synonymSourceTitle":"Medical Neurobiology: Neuroanatomical and Neurophysiological Principles Basic to Clinical Neuroscience","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area of Wernicke","synonymSource":"Willis-1981","synonymSourceTitle":"Medical Neurobiology: Neuroanatomical and Neurophysiological Principles Basic to Clinical Neuroscience","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Wernicke'sches Feld","synonymSource":"Mai-2002","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Rindengebiet nach Wernicke","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Wernicke-Zentrum","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"sensorisches Sprachzentrum","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"8"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1234","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"253","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lentiform nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1234","cDefinition":"denotes a composite substructure of the basal ganglia that consists of the globus pallidus and the putamen. Together they form a lens-shaped (lentiform) nuclear grouping ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nukleus lentikular","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nukleus lentiform","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lentiform nuclei","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"115"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lentiform nucleus","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"216"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lenticular nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"145"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nuclei lentiformes","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus lentiformis","synonymSource":"Talairach-1988","synonymSourceTitle":"Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"77"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Linsenkern","synonymSource":"Schultze-1993","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomisches Wörterbuch","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"linsenförmiger Kern","synonymSource":"Schultze-1993","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomisches Wörterbuch","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo lentiforme","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo lenticolare","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"чечевицеобразное ядро","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1235","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"254","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lentiform fibers","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1235","cDefinition":"refers to a narrow, vertically oriented group of nerve fibers at the boundary between the crus cerebri and the internal capsule at about the level of the mammillary body. They are not readily distinguished in sections stained for myelin ( Mai-1997 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lentiform fibers","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1236","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"256","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"subthalamic reticular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1236","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of the subthalamus. It includes the nucleus of field H and neurons scattered along pathways that originate in globus pallidus ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"subthalamic reticular nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleus of tegmental field","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"tegmental field nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus reticularis subthalami","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo reticolare subtalamico","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1237","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"258","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"falx cerebri","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1237","cDefinition":"refers to a curtain of dura mater in the longitudinal fissure that separates the left hemisphere and the right cerebral hemisphere. It is not part of the brain ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"falks serebrum","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"falx cerebri","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"210"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Falx cerebri","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"210"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Großhirnsichel","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"sichelförmige Bindegewebsplatte","synonymSource":"Schultze-1993","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomisches Wörterbuch","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sichel","synonymSource":"Mai-2002","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"sichelförmige Bindegewebsplatte","synonymSource":"Mai-2002","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"falce cerebrale","synonymSource":"Rigutti-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlante di Anatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"серп большого мозга","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"большой серповидный отросток","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"falx cerebri","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"hoz del cerebro","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1238","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"259","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"falx cerebelli","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1238","cDefinition":"refers to a curtain of dura mater that partially separates the right cerebellar hemisphere and the left cerebellar hemisphere. It is not part of the brain ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"falx cerebelli","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"7"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Falx cerebelli","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"7"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Kleinhirnsichel","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"falce cerebellare","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"малый серповидный отросток","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"серп мозжечка","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"falx cerebelli","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"hoz del cerebelo","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1239","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"260","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Sylvian triangle","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1239","cDefinition":"refers to an angiographically defined vascular pattern in the vicinity of the insula ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sylvian triangle","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"1"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1240","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"261","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"cerebellar tentorium","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1240","cDefinition":"refers to a thin layer of dura mater in the transverse cerebral fissure that separates the cerebral cortex from the cerebellar cortex. It is not part of the brain ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"tentorium","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"126"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cerebellar tentorium","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"49"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tentorium cerebelli","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"134"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Kleinhirnzelt","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"tentorio cerebellare","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"21"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"tentorio del cervelletto","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"палатка мозжечка","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"намет мозжечка","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"tentorium cerebelli","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"tienda del cerebelo","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1241","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"262","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"parabigeminal area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1241","cDefinition":"refers to a location in the tectum ventrolateral to the inferior colliculus between the lateral lemniscus and the surface of the brainstem that contains the parabigeminal nucleus ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"parabigeminal area","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area parabigemina","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"area parabigeminale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1242","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"263","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"circumventricular organs","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1242","cDefinition":"refers to accumulations of highly-vascularized, functionally specialized tissues distributed principally along the midline of the ventricular system from the forebrain to the hindbrain. They include the subfornical organ, the organum vasculosum, the median eminence, the neurohypophysis, the pineal gland, the subcommissural organ and the area postrema. Some authors include the choroid plexus ( Carpenter-1983, McKinley-1990 ). They are commonly classified as either humerosensory system or secretory circumventricular organs ( Duvernoy-2007 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"circumventricular organs","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"606"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"circumventricular organs","synonymSource":"McKinley-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Circumventricular organs","pubMedHits":"606"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"zirkumventrikuläre Organe","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"órganos circunventriculares","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1243","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"264","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"interposed nucleus of the cerebellum","standardAcronym":"ICb","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1243","cDefinition":"denotes the nuclear mass lying between the fastigial nucleus and the dentate nucleus in the cerebellar white matter of non-primate mammals, such as the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). It is topologically equivalent to the combined globose nucleus and emboliform nucleus of the primate cerebellar nuclei ( Carpenter-1983 ).\r\nAnatomists segment the nucleus differently. In the Functional CNS - Rat it consists of two parts: the main part of the interposed nucleus and the parvicellular part of the interposed nucleus ( Swanson-2004 ). In a mouse brain atlas it consists of four parts based on separation of cell groups by fiber bundles: anteror, dorsolateral hump, posterior and posterior parvicellular parts ( Franklin-2008 ). In another atlas of the rat brain it consists of those four parts plus a dorsomedial crest part ( Paxinos-2009b ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nukleus interpositus","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"nucleus interpositus","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"84"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"interposed nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"56"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"interposed nucleus","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"56"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"interposed cerebellar nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"interposed nucleus of the cerebellum","synonymSource":"Jones-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"BrainMaps.org","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus interpositus","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"84"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nuclei interpositi","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"núcleo interpósito","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"núcleos interpósitos","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"cerebellar nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"682","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=682","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"cerebellar nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"682","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=682","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"cerebellar nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"682","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=682","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1244","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"265","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"precerebellar nuclei","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1244","cDefinition":"refers to nuclei of the hindbrain that have substantial projections to the cerebellum. These include the nucleus intercalatus, the nucleus prepositus, the sublingual nucleus, the principal sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve, the solitary nucleus, the locus ceruleus and the raphe nuclei (classical) ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"precerebellar nuclei","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"76"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nuclei precerebellari","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"núcleos precerebelosos","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1245","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"266","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Area commissurae postopticae","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1245","cDefinition":"refers to a structure in the hypothalamus of the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) ( Stephan-1980 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"marmoset","synonymName":"Area commissurae postopticae","synonymSource":"Stephan-1980","synonymSourceTitle":"The Brain Of The Common Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus): A Stereotaxic Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1246","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"267","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"basal part of the midbrain","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1246","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of the cerebral peduncle that consists of the crus cerebri and the substantia nigra ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"basal part of the midbrain","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"basal portion of midbrain","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Pedunculus cerebralis","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Basis pedunculi cerebri","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Basis mesencephali","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Basis pedunculorum","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Pars basalis mesencephali","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"basis pedunculorum cerebralium","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"передняя часть ножки мозга","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"основание ножки мозга","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"основание ножек мозга","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"вентральная часть ножки мозга","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1247","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"269","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Tractus olfactomesencephalicus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1247","cDefinition":"represents a fiber pathway connecting forebrain structures involved in olfaction with the midbrain. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Riley-1943 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus olfacto-mesencephalicus","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Tractus olfactomesencephalicus","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1248","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"272","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus medianus anuli aqueductus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1248","cDefinition":"refers to a group of nerve cells in the midbrain tegmentum ( Riley-1943 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus medianus anuli aqueductus","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Nucleus medianus anuli aquaeducti","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus magnocellularis medialis anuli aqueductus","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1249","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"273","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus lateralis anuli aqueductus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1249","cDefinition":"refers to a group of nerve cells in the midbrain tegmentum ( Riley-1943 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus lateralis anuli aqueductus","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Nucleus lateralis anuli aquaeducti","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus magnocellularis lateralis anuli aqueductus","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1250","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"274","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus olivaris dissipatus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1250","cDefinition":"refers to a group of nerve cells in the inferior olivary complex of the medulla ( Kusama-1970 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fuscata","synonymName":"Nucleus olivaris dissipatus","synonymSource":"Kusama-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Brain of Macaca fuscata","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1251","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"275","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus parabrachialis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1251","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure in the pontine tegmentum that consists of the lateral parabrachial nucleus and medial parabrachial nucleus ( Oertel-1969 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Nucleus parabrachialis","synonymSource":"Oertel-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"Zur zyto- und myeloarchitektonik des Rhombencephalon des Rhesusaffen (Macaca mulatta Zimmerman)","pubMedHits":"71"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nuclei parabranchiali","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1252","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"278","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"paranigral nucleus","standardAcronym":"PN","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1252","cDefinition":"refers to a triangular substructure of the ventral tegmental area that is located between the substantia nigra and the interpeduncular nucleus ( Oertel-1969 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"paranigral nucleus","synonymSource":"Francois-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"Localization of nigrostriatal, nigrothalamic and nigrotectal neurons in ventricular coordinates in macaques","pubMedHits":"17"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Nucleus paranigralis","synonymSource":"Oertel-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"Zur zyto- und myeloarchitektonik des Rhombencephalon des Rhesusaffen (Macaca mulatta Zimmerman)","pubMedHits":"24"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1253","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"279","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"annular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1253","cDefinition":"refers to a group of nerve cells in the midbrain tegmentum that is less prominent in humans than in some other mammals ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"annular nucleus","synonymSource":"Szabo-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"A stereotaxic atlas of the brain of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Nucleus annularis","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"5"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus compactus interfascicularis","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1254","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"280","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus rotundus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1254","cDefinition":"refers to a group of nerve cells in the midline nuclear group of the thalamus ( Olszewski-1952 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Nucleus rotundus","synonymSource":"Olszewski-1952","synonymSourceTitle":"The Thalamus Of The Macaca mulatta: An Atlas For Use With The Stereotaxic Instrument","pubMedHits":"144"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1255","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"281","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus lateralis mesencephali","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1255","cDefinition":"refers to a group of nerve cells caudal to the red nucleus in the midbrain of the human ( Riley-1943 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"reticularis medullae pedunculi","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus lateralis mesencephali","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus lateralis pararubralis","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus motorius dissipatus formationis","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus motorius tegmento-bigeminalis","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus lateralis mesencephali (Marburg)","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1256","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"282","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"laterodorsal tegmental nucleus","standardAcronym":"LdTg","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1256","cDefinition":"refers to a group of nerve cells in the dorsal midbrain tegmentum and the pontine central gray of the pontine tegmentum at the junction of the midbrain and the pons. It is found in the human ( Crosby-1962 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). It is the only nucleus embedded in the pontine central gray that is functionally part of the behavioral state system; the others belong to the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"laterodorsal tegmental nucleus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"257"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"behavioral state system","parentNeuroNamesId":"2875","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2875","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1257","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"283","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateroventral tegmental nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1257","cDefinition":"refers to a group of nerve cells in the pontine tegmentum ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateroventral tegmental nucleus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1258","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"284","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"nucleus papilliformis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1258","cDefinition":"refers to a group of nerve cells in the pontine tegmentum ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleus papilliformis","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus papilliformis","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1259","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"285","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus subputaminalis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1259","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells located in the vicinity of the ansa lenticularis ventral to the globus pallidus and lateral to the optic tract ( Riley-1943 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus subputaminalis","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus commissurae supraopticae dorsalis (Meynert)","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus hypolenticularis","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus tegmentalis anterior (Riley)","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1260","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"286","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Radices descendentes nervi vestibulari","standardAcronym":"RDV","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1260","cDefinition":"refers to a structure in the vicinity of the vestibular nuclei of the pons ( Shantha-1968 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Radices descendentes nervi vestibulari","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1261","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"287","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1261","cDefinition":"","parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1262","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"288","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Tractus opticus, radix medialis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1262","cDefinition":"refers to a substructure of the optic tract ( Nomina-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus opticus, radix 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край","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1266","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"293","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Margo superior","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1266","cDefinition":"refers to the upper margin of the cerebral cortex viewed from the side ( Nomina-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Margo superior","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Margo superomedialis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"верхний край","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1267","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"294","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Bulbus cornus occipitalis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1267","cDefinition":"refers to a structure in the lateral ventricle ( Nomina-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Bulbus cornus occipitalis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Bulbus cornus posterioris","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"луковица заднего рога (латерального желудочка)","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1268","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"295","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lumbar cistern","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1268","cDefinition":"refers to a subarachnoid space near the caudal end of the spinal cord. It is not part of the brain ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lumbar cistern","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"22"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"cisterna lumbar","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1269","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"296","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Area retro-olivaris","standardAcronym":"NULL","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1269","cDefinition":"refers to an area in the medulla posterior to the inferior olivary complex ( Nomina-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area retro-olivaris","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1270","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"300","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"cortical amygdalar transition area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1270","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the periamygdalar area that is defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It is located in the ventral portion adjacent to the basolateral nuclear group ( Amaral-1992 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"cortical amygdaloid transition area","synonymSource":"Amaral-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomical organization of the primate amygdaloid complex","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"cortical amygdalar transition area","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1271","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"302","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus centralis lateralis inferior thalami","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1271","cDefinition":"refers to a group of nerve cells in the rostral intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus ( Kusama-1970 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fuscata","synonymName":"Nucleus centralis lateralis inferior thalami","synonymSource":"Kusama-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Brain of Macaca fuscata","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1272","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"303","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus centralis superior thalami","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1272","cDefinition":"refers to one of five midline nuclei of the thalamus as defined in Olszewski-1952. The other nuclei in the group are the Nucleus centralis densocellularis, the Nucleus centralis inferior thalami, the Nucleus centralis latocellularis, and the Nucleus centralis intermedialis. Together they constitute the central medial nucleus and the rhomboidal nucleus ( Jones-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Nucleus centralis superior thalami","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Nucleus centralis superior thalami","synonymSource":"Olszewski-1952","synonymSourceTitle":"The Thalamus Of The Macaca mulatta: An Atlas For Use With The Stereotaxic Instrument","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1273","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"311","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"interanterodorsal nucleus of the thalamus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1273","cDefinition":"refers to a group of nerve cells that bridges the midline of the thalamus between the anterodorsal nucleus of the thalamus of the left and right sides ( Swanson-2004 ). It is more developed and consistently present in rodents than in primates ( Crosby-1962 ). It is part of the polymodal association thalamus in the Functional CNS Model - Rat (see Models Where It Appears below).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"interanterodorsal nucleus thalamus","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"interanterodorsal thalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"interanterodorsal nucleus of the thalamus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus interanterodorsalis","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus commissura interanterodorsalis","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"anterior group of the dorsal thalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"2883","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2883","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1274","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"312","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus interanteroventralis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1274","cDefinition":"refers to a group of nerve cells in the midline of the thalamus ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus interanteroventralis","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1275","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"317","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial hypothalamic zone (Crosby)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1275","cDefinition":"refers to one of three zones of the hypothalamus when it is subdivided by planes parallel to the midline. The others are the periventricular zone of the hypothalamus and the lateral zone of the hypothalamus. It is identical to the medial zone of the hypothalamus except that it excludes nuclei of the preoptic area and includes the dorsal hypothalamic area ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial hypothalamic zone (Crosby)","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"middle hypothalamic zone (Crosby)","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1276","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"320","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus reticularis magnocellularis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1276","cDefinition":"refers to a group of nerve cells in the medullary reticular formation ( Shantha-1968 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Nucleus reticularis magnocellularis","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"35"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Nucleus magnocellularis","synonymSource":"Oertel-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"Zur zyto- und myeloarchitektonik des Rhombencephalon des Rhesusaffen (Macaca mulatta Zimmerman)","pubMedHits":"245"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1277","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"321","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus subfascicularis, pars magnocellularis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1277","cDefinition":"refers to a group of nerve cells in the intralaminar nuclear group of the thalamus ( Olszewski-1952 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Nucleus subfascicularis, pars magnocellularis","synonymSource":"Olszewski-1952","synonymSourceTitle":"The Thalamus Of The Macaca mulatta: An Atlas For Use With The Stereotaxic Instrument","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1278","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"322","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus subfascicularis, pars parvocellularis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1278","cDefinition":"refers to a group of nerve cells in the intralaminar nuclear group of the thalamus ( Olszewski-1952 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Nucleus subfascicularis, pars parvocellularis","synonymSource":"Olszewski-1952","synonymSourceTitle":"The Thalamus Of The Macaca mulatta: An Atlas For Use With The Stereotaxic Instrument","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1279","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"324","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Corpus quadrigemina","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1279","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of the tectum that consists of the superior colliculus and the inferior colliculus of both sides of the brainstem ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"lamina kuadrigemina","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"corpora quadrigemina","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Corpus quadrigemina","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lamina tecti","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"6"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lamina tectalis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lamina collicularis","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Corpora quadrigemina","synonymSource":"Stedman-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Stedman's Medical Dictionary","pubMedHits":"20"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tuberculum quadrigeminus","synonymSource":"Stedman-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Stedman's Medical Dictionary","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lamina quadrigemina","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"8"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Corpus quadrigeminum","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"lamina quadrigemina tecti","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Vierhügelplatte","synonymSource":"Kahle-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"Taschenatlas der Anatomie
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subthalamus ( Nomina-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus area H1","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1281","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"326","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus area H2","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1281","cDefinition":"refers to a group of nerve cells in the subthalamus ( Nomina-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus area H2","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1282","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"327","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus dorsalis corporis trapezoidei","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1282","cDefinition":"refers to a group of nerve cells in the pontine tegmentum ( Nomina-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus dorsalis corporis trapezoidei","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus corporis trapezoidei posterior","synonymSource":"Nomina-1989","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"заднее ядро трапециевидного телa","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1283","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"328","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus ventralis corporis trapezoidei","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1283","cDefinition":"refers to a group of nerve cells in the pontine tegmentum ( Nomina-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus ventralis corporis trapezoidei","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus corporis trapezoidei anterior","synonymSource":"Nomina-1989","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"переднее ядро трапециевидного тело","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1284","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"329","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lacrimal nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1284","cDefinition":"refers to a group of nerve cells in the superior salivatory nucleus in the pontine tegmentum ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lacrimal nucleus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus lacrimalis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"слезное ядро","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1285","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"331","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus paraventricularis anterior","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1285","cDefinition":"refers to a group of nerve cells in the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus ( Nomina-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus paraventricularis anterior","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1286","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"332","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus paraventricularis posterior","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1286","cDefinition":"refers to a group of nerve cells in the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus ( Nomina-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus paraventricularis posterior","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1287","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"333","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus ventralis medialis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1287","cDefinition":"refers to a group of nerve cells in the ventral nuclear group of the thalamus ( Nomina-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus ventralis medialis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"10"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1288","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"335","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"capsule of nucleus lateralis dorsalis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1288","cDefinition":"refers to a structure in the lateral nuclear group of the thalamus ( Olszewski-1952 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It is not readily distinguished in myelin stained cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior cerebellar commissure","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1290","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"337","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterior cerebellar commissure","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1290","cDefinition":"refers to a structure that is part of the medullary body of the cerebellum. It is not readily distinguished in myelin stained cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior cerebellar commissure","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"inferior cerebellar decussation","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"inferior cerebellar commissure","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Commissura cerebellaris inferior","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Decussatio posterior cerebelli","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Decussatio cerebellaris inferior","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1291","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"339","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"capsule of the anterior nuclear group","standardAcronym":"can","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1291","cDefinition":"refers to a predominantly white structure surrounding the anterior nuclear group of the thalamus ( Olszewski-1952 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"capsule of anterior nuclei","synonymSource":"Olszewski-1952","synonymSourceTitle":"The Thalamus Of The Macaca mulatta: An Atlas For Use With The Stereotaxic Instrument","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"capsule of the anterior nuclear group","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1292","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"342","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Area medioradiata","standardAcronym":"NULL","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1292","cDefinition":"refers to one of two subdivisions of the area 24 of Brodmann (human). The other is the Area infraradiata dorsalis ( Stephan-1975 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area medioradiata","synonymSource":"Stephan-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Allocortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Subregio medioradiata","synonymSource":"Stephan-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Allocortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Regio medioradiata","synonymSource":"Stephan-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Allocortex","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1293","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"343","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"thalamus (Crosby)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1293","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of the interbrain that is composed of the dorsal thalamus (Crosby), which approximates the thalamus of NeuroNames, and ventral thalamus (Crosby), which includes the subthalamus and other structures ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"thalamus (Crosby)","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"thalamus (Swanson)","synonymSource":"Swanson-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure Of The Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1294","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"344","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventral thalamus (Crosby)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1294","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of the brain that consists of the subthalamic nucleus, the nucleus of the ansa lenticularis, the nucleus of field H and the zona incerta of the subthalamus, as well as rostral continuations of two midbrain structures, the red nucleus and the substantia nigra ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventral thalamus (Crosby)","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1295","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"345","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Stratum alba colliculi superioris","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1295","cDefinition":"is a myeloarchitectural term referring to a subdivision of the superior colliculus ( Nomina-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Stratum alba colliculi superioris","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Stratum alba colliculi rostralis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1296","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"346","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"granular layer of the cerebellar cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1296","cDefinition":"is a cytoarchitectural term denoting the deepest cell layer in the cerebellar cortex. It consists of densely packed granule cells and the cell bodies of both large and small Golgi-type neurons ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"lapis granula korteks otak-kecil","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"lapis dalam korteks otak-kecil","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"granular layer of the cerebellar cortex","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Stratum granulosum (cerebelli)","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Körnerzellschicht","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"strato granulare della corteccia cerebellare","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"зерлнистый слой","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"capa granulosa","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1297","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"347","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Stratum grisea colliculi superioris","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1297","cDefinition":"is a cytoarchitectural term referring to a subdivision of the superior colliculus ( Nomina-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Stratum grisea colliculi superioris","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Stratum grisea colliculi rostralis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Stratum griseum profundum","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"25"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"серый слой верхнего холмика","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1298","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"348","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Purkinje cell layer","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1298","cDefinition":"is a cytoarchitectural term denoting the middle layer of cerebellar cortex. This layer is characterized by very large, bottle-shaped neurons that are regularly spaced and possess flattened fanlike dendritic arborizations, which extend into the more superficial molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Purkinje cell layer","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"427"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"cerebellar cortex, Purkinje layer","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Stratum purkinjense","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Stratum neuronorum piriformium","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Stratum neurium piriformium","synonymSource":"Nomina-1989","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Purkinje-Zellschicht","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"strato di Purkinje","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"strato delle cellule di Purkinje","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"ганглионарный слой","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"слой грушевидных нейронов","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"capa de células de Purkinje","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1299","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"349","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1299","cDefinition":"is a cytoarchitectural term denoting the most superficial layer of the cerebellar cortex. This layer is characterized by basket and stellate cells. The term plexiform layer of cerebellar cortex is a synonym based on the myeloarchitecture, which consists of thin, densely packed axons coursing parallel to the long axis of the cerebellar folia, delicate terminal axons and rich dendritic ramifications ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"lapis luar korteks otak-kecil","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"lapis molekul korteks otak-kecil","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"plexiform layer of cerebellar cortex","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"cerebellar cortex, molecular layer","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Stratum moleculare (cerebelli)","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Stratum plexiforme","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Molekularschicht","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"strato molecolare della corteccia cerebellare","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"capa molecular de la corteza cerebelosa","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1300","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"350","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nuclei conterminalis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1300","cDefinition":"refers to a clusters of nerve cells in the medulla ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Nuclei conterminalis","synonymSource":"Oertel-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"Zur zyto- und myeloarchitektonik des Rhombencephalon des Rhesusaffen (Macaca mulatta Zimmerman)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus conterminalis","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"2"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1301","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"351","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Decussatio fibrarum vestibularium","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1301","cDefinition":"refers to a structure in the pontine tegmentum ( Oertel-1969 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Decussatio fibrarum vestibularium","synonymSource":"Oertel-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"Zur zyto- und myeloarchitektonik des Rhombencephalon des Rhesusaffen (Macaca mulatta Zimmerman)","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1302","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"353","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventral decussation of the pons","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1302","cDefinition":"refers to the midline portion of the transverse pontine fibers in the basal pons ( Roberts-1970 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventral decussation of the pons","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Decussatio ventralis pontis","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Decussatio pontis","synonymSource":"Oertel-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"Zur zyto- und myeloarchitektonik des Rhombencephalon des Rhesusaffen (Macaca mulatta Zimmerman)","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1303","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"354","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Decussatio corporis trapezoidei","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1303","cDefinition":"refers to the portion of the trapezoid body that spans the midline in the medulla ( Oertel-1969 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Decussatio corporis trapezoidei","synonymSource":"Oertel-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"Zur zyto- und myeloarchitektonik des Rhombencephalon des Rhesusaffen (Macaca mulatta Zimmerman)","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1304","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"355","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterior white column","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1304","cDefinition":"refers to the large bundle of fibers located between the anterior median fissure of the spinal cord and the anterolateral sulcus of the spinal cord. It contains several prominent tracts including the anterior intersegmental tract, the medial longitudinal fasciculus of the spinal cord, the anterior spinothalamic tract of the spinal cord and the lateral vestibulospinal tract of the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"kolom anterior","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"funikel anterior","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior funiculus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"22"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventral white column","synonymSource":"Waxman-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Clinical Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior white column","synonymSource":"Waxman-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Clinical Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventral funiculus","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"137"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Funiculus anterior","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Funiculus anterior","synonymSource":"Oertel-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"Zur zyto- und myeloarchitektonik des Rhombencephalon des Rhesusaffen (Macaca mulatta Zimmerman)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Fasciculus ventralis","synonymSource":"Oertel-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"Zur zyto- und myeloarchitektonik des Rhombencephalon des Rhesusaffen (Macaca mulatta Zimmerman)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Funiculus ventralis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Vorderstrang","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fascicolo anteriore","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"cordón anterior","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"spinal white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"2642","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2642","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1305","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"356","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"supralemniscal process","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1305","cDefinition":"refers to one of three components of the reticulotegmental nucleus in the ventral pontine tegmentum where it meets the basal pons. It is found in the human ( Crosby-1962 ) and the macaque ( Oertel-1969 ). The other components are the medial tegmental process and the lateral tegmental process Functionally the reticulotegmental nucleus belongs to the postcerebellar and precerebellar nuclei of the behavior control column ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"supralemniscal process","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"supralemniscal process of Olszewski and Baxter","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Processus griseum pontis supralemniscalis","synonymSource":"Oertel-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"Zur zyto- und myeloarchitektonik des Rhombencephalon des Rhesusaffen (Macaca mulatta Zimmerman)","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1306","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"357","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Processus griseum pontis tegmentalis lateralis - obsolete","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1306","cDefinition":"","parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1307","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"358","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus parvocellularis compactus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1307","cDefinition":"refers to a group of nerve cells in the medullary reticular formation ( Oertel-1969 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Nucleus parvocellularis compactus","synonymSource":"Oertel-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"Zur zyto- und myeloarchitektonik des Rhombencephalon des Rhesusaffen (Macaca mulatta Zimmerman)","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1308","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"359","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"sagulum","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1308","cDefinition":"refers to a cell-poor region in the lateral portion of the pontine tegmentum identified by Nissl stain in the human ( Riley-1943 ), the macaque ( Oertel-1969 ), the rat ( BAMS ), the mouse ( Hof-2000 ) and the cat ( Beneyto-1998 ). Functionally it is part of the subcortical auditory system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"nucleus sagulum","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"13"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"sagulum nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"cat","synonymName":"sagulum","synonymSource":"Beneyto-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Auditory Connections and Neurochemistry of the Sagulum","pubMedHits":"28"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sagulum","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"28"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Nucleus sagulum","synonymSource":"Oertel-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"Zur zyto- und myeloarchitektonik des Rhombencephalon des Rhesusaffen (Macaca mulatta Zimmerman)","pubMedHits":"13"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus sagulum","synonymSource":"Olszewski-1954","synonymSourceTitle":"Cytoarchitecture Of The Human Brainstem","pubMedHits":"13"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"subcortical auditory system","parentNeuroNamesId":"2888","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2888","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1309","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"360","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Stratum gliosum subependymale","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1309","cDefinition":"refers to a layer of cells in the medulla ( Oertel-1969 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Stratum gliosum subependymale","synonymSource":"Oertel-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"Zur zyto- und myeloarchitektonik des Rhombencephalon des Rhesusaffen (Macaca mulatta Zimmerman)","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1310","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"361","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus supravestibularis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1310","cDefinition":"refers to a group of nerve cells in the pontine tegmentum ( Oertel-1969 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Nucleus supravestibularis","synonymSource":"Oertel-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"Zur zyto- und myeloarchitektonik des Rhombencephalon des Rhesusaffen (Macaca mulatta Zimmerman)","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1311","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"363","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Tegmen ventriculi quarti","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1311","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure that includes the inferior medullary velum and the superior medullary velum, which cover the fourth ventricle ( Riley-1943 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"roof of the fourth ventricle","synonymSource":"Stedman's-2006","synonymSourceTitle":"Stedman's Medical Dictionary","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tegmen ventriculi quarti","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tegmen fossae rhomboidei","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"крыша четвёртого желудочка","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1312","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"364","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"acoustic sulcus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1312","cDefinition":"denotes a branch from the superior temporal sulcus into the superior temporal gyrus at about midpoint. Identified by dissection ( Szikla-1977; Duvernoy-1992 ) it is found only in the human. ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"acoustic sulcus","synonymSource":"Szikla-1977","synonymSourceTitle":"Angiography Of The Human Brain Cortex: Atlas of Vascular Patterns and Stereotactic Cortical Localization","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sulcus acousticus","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1313","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"365","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Sulcus cunei","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1313","cDefinition":"denotes a superficial feature of the occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex ( Szikla-1977 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus cunei","synonymSource":"Szikla-1977","synonymSourceTitle":"Angiography Of The Human Brain Cortex: Atlas of Vascular Patterns and Stereotactic Cortical Localization","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1314","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"366","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"intralimbic sulcus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1314","cDefinition":"represents a superficial feature of the anterior cingulate gyrus of the human cerebral cortex ( Szikla-1977 ). The location corresponds to that of the cingulate sulcus that separates the main cingulate gyrus from the external cingulate gyrus in individuals who have a double cingulate gyrus ( Vogt-1995 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"intralimbic sulcus","synonymSource":"Szikla-1977","synonymSourceTitle":"Angiography Of The Human Brain Cortex: Atlas of Vascular Patterns and Stereotactic Cortical Localization","pubMedHits":"1"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1315","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"367","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial frontal gyrus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1315","cDefinition":"represents the medial bank of the superior frontal gyrus that faces the longitudinal fissure ( Ono-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial frontal gyrus","synonymSource":"Ono-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci","pubMedHits":"208"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus frontalis medialis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus frontalis superior pars medialis","synonymSource":"Talairach-1988","synonymSourceTitle":"Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"медиальная лобная извилина","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1316","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"368","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Gyrus parietalis occipitalis (macaque)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1316","cDefinition":"refers to a portion of the transition between the occipital lobe and the temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex in the Macaca nemestrina ( Winters-1969 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca nemestrina","synonymName":"Gyrus parietalis occipitalis","synonymSource":"Winters-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Brain Atlas For Macaca nemestrina","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1319","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"371","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"corticobulbar fibers","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1319","cDefinition":"represents a fiber pathway from the cerebral cortex to the hindbrain. These fibers, the corticospinal tract and the corticopontine fibers, make up the longitudinal pontine fibers of the basal pons. They are not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"traktus kortikobulbar","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"serabut kortikobulbar","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"corticobulbar fibers","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"16"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"corticobulbar tract","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"39"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"corticonuclear fibers","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"10"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"corticonuclear projections","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"12"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fibrae corticonucleares","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca nemestrina","synonymName":"Tractus corticobulbaris","synonymSource":"Winters-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Brain Atlas For Macaca nemestrina","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fibrae corticobulbares laterales","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus corticonuclearis","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibre corticobulbari","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"корково-ядерный путь","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"корково-ядерные волокна","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibras corticobulbares","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"corticospinal tract","parentNeuroNamesId":"1320","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1320","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1320","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"373","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"corticospinal tract","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1320","cDefinition":"refers to a fiber pathway from the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord. Its fibers originate from pyramidal neurons of the precentral gyrus, and on their way to the spinal cord, pass through parts of the cerebral white matter (including the posterior limb of the internal capsule), the crus cerebri, the longitudinal pontine fibers, the pyramid of the medulla (where they are known as the pyramidal tract) and the pyramidal decussation. In the ducussation, some fibers cross to the other side of the brainstem to form the lateral corticospinal tract. Those fibers that do not cross split to form the anterolateral corticospinal tract and the anterior corticospinal tract ( Carpenter-1983 ). Some parts of the tract are not readily distinguished in myelin stained cross-sections.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"traktus kortikospinal","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"traktus piramidal","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"traktus serebrospinal","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"corticospinal tract","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"1380"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"corticospinal fibers","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"80"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus corticospinalis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus cortico-spinalis","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculus cerebro-spinalis","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fibrae corticospinales","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Pyramidenbahn","synonymSource":"Schultze-1993","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomisches Wörterbuch","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibre corticospinali","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibre corticospinali","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"tratto corticospinale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"корково-спинномозговые волокна","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"корково-спинномозговой путь","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibras corticoespinales","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"haz corticoespínal","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"lateral forebrain bundle system","parentNeuroNamesId":"3042","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3042","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1321","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"374","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"pyramidal system","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1321","cDefinition":"usually refers to the corticospinal tract and the corticobulbar fibers that innervate the motor nuclei of the cranial nerves ( Anthoney-1994 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"pyramidal system","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"70"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Pyramidenbahn-System","synonymSource":"Mai-2002","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"pyramidales System","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"1072"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Pyramidensystem","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1322","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"375","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"corticopontine fibers","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1322","cDefinition":"refers to a fiber pathway from the cerebral cortex to the pons. It includes frontopontine fibers, parietopontine fibers, temporopontine fibers and occipitopontine fibers. These and the corticospinal tract and corticobulbar fibers, make up the longitudinal pontine fibers of the basal pons. They are not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"traktus kortikopontin","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"serabut kortikopontin","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"corticopontine fibers","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"12"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"corticopontine tract","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"11"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fibrae corticopontinae","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus corticopontinus","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Großhirnbrückenbahn","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"kortikopontine Fasern","synonymSource":"Kahle-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"Taschenatlas der Anatomie
\r\nVolume 3: Nervensystem und Sinnesorgane","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibre corticopontine","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"корково-мостовые волокна","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibras corticoprotuberanciales","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"corticospinal tract","parentNeuroNamesId":"1320","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1320","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1323","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"376","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"corticoreticular fibers","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1323","cDefinition":"refers to a fiber pathway from the cerebral cortex to the reticular formation of the brainstem. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"serabut kortikoretikuler","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"corticoreticular fibers","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fibrae corticoreticulares","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibre corticoreticolari","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"корково-ретикулярные волокна","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibras corticorreticulares","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1324","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"377","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"corticorubral fibers","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1324","cDefinition":"refers to a fiber pathway from the cerebral cortex to the red nucleus of the midbrain. 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It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"parietopontine fibers","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"parietopontine tract","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fibrae parietopontinae","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus parietopontinae","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibre pontini parietali","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1328","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"383","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"occipitopontine fibers","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1328","cDefinition":"represents a fiber pathway that courses through the crus cerebri to connect the occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex with the pons. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"occipitopontine fibers","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"occipitopontine tract","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fibrae occipitopontinae","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus occipitopontinus","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibre pontini occipitali","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1329","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"384","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"temporopontine fibers","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1329","cDefinition":"represents a fiber pathway that courses through the crus cerebri to connect the temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex with the pons. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"temporopontine fibers","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"temporopontine tract","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"bundle of Turck","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"temporal corticopontine tract","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Turck's bundle","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fibrae temporopontinae","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus temporopontinus","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"tratto temporopontino","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibre pontini temporali","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"височно-мостовые волокна","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1330","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"385","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Fibrae intrathalamicae","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1330","cDefinition":"represents fiber projections within the thalamus that are not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Nomina-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fibrae intrathalamicae","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"внутриталамические волокна","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1331","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"386","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Fibrae paraventriculares","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1331","cDefinition":"represents fibers within the hypothalamus that are not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Nomina-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fibrae paraventriculares","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"паравентрикулярные волокна","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1332","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"387","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Fibrae parietotemporopontinae","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1332","cDefinition":"represents a fiber pathway that courses through the crus cerebri to connect the parietal lobe and the temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex with the pons. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Riley-1943 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fibrae parietotemporopontinae","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus parieto-temporo-pontinus","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculus parieto-temporo-pontinus","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"теменно-височно-мостовые волокна","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"теменно-затылочно-мостовой пучок","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1333","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"389","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Fibrae supraopticae","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1333","cDefinition":"represents fibers within the hypothalamus that are not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Nomina-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fibrae supraopticae","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"супраоптические волокна","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1334","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"390","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"thalamoparietal fibers","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1334","cDefinition":"represents a fiber pathway connecting the thalamus to the parietal lobe of the cerebral cortex. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"thalamoparietal fibers","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus thalamoparietalis","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fibrae thalamoparietales","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"таламо-теменные волокна","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1335","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"391","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"parietotemporo-occipitopontine tract","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1335","cDefinition":"represents a composite substructure of corticopontine fibers that includes parietopontine fibers, temporopontine fibers and occipitopontine fibers. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Roberts-1970 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"parietotemporo-occipitopontine tract","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus parietotemporo-occipitopontinus","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculus parieto-occipitopontinus","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1336","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"392","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"radiations of the corpus callosum","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1336","cDefinition":"refers to fiber pathways radiating from the corpus callosum of the cerebral white matter that are not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Roberts-1970 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"radiations of the corpus callosum","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Radiatio corporis callosi","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"лучистость мозолистого тела","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"radiación del cuerpo calloso","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1337","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"399","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"thalamocortical radiations","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1337","cDefinition":"refers to fiber pathways in the internal capsule and other parts of the cerebral white matter that connect the nuclear groups of the thalamus with the cerebral cortex ( Carpenter-1983 ).\r\nThey include the anterior thalamic radiations, the posterior thalamic radiations, the superior thalamic radiations and the inferior thalamic radiations. They are not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections. For a detailed discussion of semantic differences in the use of terms relating to the thalamic peduncles and thalamic radiations see Anthoney-1994.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"thalamic radiations","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"15"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"thalamocortical radiations","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"9"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"thalamocortical tract","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"11"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Radiatio thalamocorticalis","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus thalamocorticalis","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"radiazioni talamocorticale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibre talamocorticali","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"radiazioni talamiche","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"таламо-кортикальные волокна","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibras talamocorticales","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"radiaciones talamocorticales","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1338","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"401","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"deep transitional gyrus (human)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1338","cDefinition":"refers to a gyrus buried within the central sulcus ( Anthoney-1994 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"deep transitional gyrus","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1339","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"402","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"interlocking gyri (human)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1339","cDefinition":"refers to gyri buried within the central sulcus ( Anthoney-1994 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"interlocking gyri","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1340","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"403","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterior cuneolingual gyrus (human)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1340","cDefinition":"refers to a gyrus buried within the calcarine sulcus of the human ( Anthoney-1994 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior cuneolingual gyrus","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1341","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"404","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"paracentral lobule","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1341","cDefinition":"refers to the junction of the precentral gyrus and postcentral gyrus on the medial surface of the cerebral cortex. It lies across the boundary between the frontal lobe and the parietal lobe ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"lobus parasentral","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"paracentral lobule","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"50"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"paracentral gyrus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"10"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lobulus paracentralis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Lobulus paracentralis","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"lobule paracentral","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"lobulo paracentrale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"парацентральная долька","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"lobulillo paracentral","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"lóbulo paracentral","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1342","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"405","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterior paracentral gyrus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1342","cDefinition":"refers to the anterior portion of the paracentral lobule. It is part of the frontal lobe on the medial surface of the cerebral cortex ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior paracentral gyrus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1343","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"406","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterior paracentral gyrus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1343","cDefinition":"refers to the posterior portion of the paracentral lobule. It is part of the parietal lobe on the medial surface of the cerebral cortex ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior paracentral gyrus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1344","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"407","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"fields of Forel","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1344","cDefinition":"refers to a composite, predominantly white matter substructure of the subthalamus. Defined in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( Shantha-1968 ) it consists of field H, field H1 and field H2 . Cells scattered among the fibers of field H constitute the nucleus of field H ( Carpenter-1983 ). In the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Hof-2000 ) the cellular component predominates; see nucleus of field H. ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"fields of Forel","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"55"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Campus Forelli","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Forel'sches Feld","synonymSource":"Mai-2002","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Forel-Feld","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"subthalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"434","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=434","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"subthalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"434","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=434","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1345","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"408","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"pontocerebellar fibers","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1345","cDefinition":"refers to a fiber pathway in the metencephalon that connects the pons with the cerebellum. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"serabut pontoserebelar","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"traktus pontoserebelar","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"pontocerebellar fibers","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"17"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"pontocerebellar tract","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"9"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fibrae pontocerebellares","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus pontocerebellaris","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"pontozerebelläre Fasern","synonymSource":"Kahle-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"Taschenatlas der Anatomie
\r\nVolume 3: Nervensystem und Sinnesorgane","pubMedHits":"17"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"мосто-мозжечковый путь","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"мостомозжечковые волокна","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibras pontocerebelosas","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1346","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"409","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"vestibulo-oculomotor fibers","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1346","cDefinition":"refers to a fiber pathway connecting the vestibular nuclei with the oculomotor nuclear complex. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"vestibulo-oculomotor fibers","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1347","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"412","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Economo's areas","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1347","cDefinition":"refers to a classification of the human cerebral cortex into 109 subdivisions based on cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture by von Economo ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Economo's areas","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"areas of Economo","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1348","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"414","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"association cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1348","cDefinition":"refers to areas of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of their connectivity. Most projections to and from association areas are cortico-cortical. Association cortex is found in parts of the frontal lobe, the parietal lobe, the temporal lobe and the occipital lobe ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"association cortex","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"835"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"association areas of cortex","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cortical association areas","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1991","synonymSourceTitle":"Core Text of Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"58"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1349","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"418","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"extrastriate areas","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1349","cDefinition":"refers to a group of structures related by direct or indirect connectivity to the primary visual cortex and functionally involved primarily in vision. They include the area 18 of Brodmann (human), the area 19 of Brodmann (human) and adjacent areas in the parietal lobe and temporal lobe ( Zilles-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"extrastriate areas","synonymSource":"Zilles-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Cortex","pubMedHits":"200"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1350","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"419","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"primary somatosensory cortex","standardAcronym":"S1","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1350","cDefinition":"refers to a part of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of multiple histologic criteria and identified with the mediation of sensations originating from the skin, muscles and joints of the body ( Kaas-2004 ). The area was mapped functionally by evoked potentials to light touch in several mammalian species ( Woolsey-1958 ). In the human and macaque it is located in the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe ( Carpenter-1983 ) and is commonly referred to as the anterior parietal cortex ( Kaas-2012 ). In the human, proceeding caudally from the central sulcus, it is identified with the cytoarchitecturally defined area 3a of Vogts, area 3b of Vogts, area 1 of Brodmann (human) and area 2 of Brodmann (human) ( Zilles-1990 ). In the macaque it is identified with the equivalent areas of Vogts, area 1 of Brodmann (guenon) and area 2 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Powell-1959; Paxinos-2009a ). Defined cytoarchitecturally in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ) it is a wide horizontal strip on the dorsolateral aspect of the rostral two thirds of the cerebral cortex; it is bounded ventrally by the secondary somatosensory cortex and dorsomedially by the primary motor cortex. That area in rodents corresponds to area 3b in primates. Different authors subdivide the primary somatosensory area of rodents into six to nine subareas. All include the whisker sensory area, the nose sensory area, the mouth sensory area, the upper limb sensory area, the trunk sensory area and the lower limb sensory area, ( Swanson-2004, Paxinos-2009b ). In the Functional CNS Model - Rat the primary somatosensory area is classified as one of two somatosensory areas. The other is the secondary somatosensory cortex ( Swanson-2004 ).\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 1,2 dan 3","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"area somatik I","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"korteks somestetik primer","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"korteks sensorik somatik primer","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"area sensorik somatik primer","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"area somestetik reseptif primer","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"somatic area I","synonymSource":"Woolsey-1946","synonymSourceTitle":"Contralateral, ipsilateral, and bilateral representation of cutaneous receptors in somatic areas I and II of the cerebral cortex of pig, sheep, and other mammals","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"primary somesthetic area","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"primary somatic sensory area","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"primary somesthetic cortex","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"somatic sensory I","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"postcentral tactile area","synonymSource":"Woolsey-1958","synonymSourceTitle":"Organization of Somatic Sensory and Motor Areas of the Cerebral Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"primary somatosensory areas","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"24"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"SI cortex","synonymSource":"Westlund-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Pain Systems","pubMedHits":"235"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"somatic afferent area I","synonymSource":"Woolsey-1958","synonymSourceTitle":"Organization of Somatic Sensory and Motor Areas of the Cerebral Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"primary somatosensory cortex","synonymSource":"Zilles-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Cortex","pubMedHits":"1409"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"primary somatosensory area","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"92"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"somatosensory strip","synonymSource":"Schmolesky-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"PSY 340 Brain and Behavior: 4.1 Research Methods","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"primary somatosensory area","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"92"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior parietal cortex","synonymSource":"Kaas-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Somatosensory System","pubMedHits":"65"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"primäre somatosensorische Rinde","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gebiet SI","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"corteccia somesterica","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"corteccia sensoria","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"area somestesica primaria","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"area sensoria somatica I","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"área somatosensoral SS I","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"área somatestésica primaria","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"somatosensory areas","parentNeuroNamesId":"1977","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1977","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1351","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"423","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"prefrontal cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1351","cDefinition":"refers to the large rostral part of the frontal lobe in primates. Defined on the basis of internal structure, it is six-layered granular and dysgranular neocortex. It is composed of lateral prefrontal cortex, orbital prefrontal cortex, and medial prefrontal cortex. The lateral prefrontal cortex is commonly divided into dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex; and the medial prefrontal cortex is divided into dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. All are found in the human and the macaque. \r\n Historically, application of the term ‘prefrontal cortex’ has varied greatly. Before 2020 the most inclusive definition for the human, based on architectonic segmentations by several authors, included all of Brodmann's frontal region (areas 9-12 and 44-47) and the three most rostral areas of Brodmann's cingulate region (24, 25, and 32) ( Zilles-2012 ). The macaque equivalent was prefrontal cortex (Walker). According to those definitions the prefrontal cortex occupied all of the frontal lobe rostral to the secondary motor cortex. \r\n From mid-2020, the NeuroNames ontology and standard nomenclature will be based upon the multimodal segmentation developed in the Human Connectome Project ( Glasser-2016 ). That segmentation includes the same regions with the exception of the anterior cingulate cortex ( Vogt-2012 ), the current equivalent of Brodmann's areas 24,25 and 32.\r\n Many authors have restricted application of the term 'prefrontal' to fewer areas. Brodmann himself applied it only to area 11 of Brodmann (human). Many have included only his frontal region in the definition ( Anthoney-1994 ), or only Brodmann's parcellation of the orbital gyri ( Crosby-1962 ), or only areas of the lateral prefrontal cortex of the frontal lobe located rostral to the motor cortex ( Petrides-2012 ). \r\n Most prefrontal cortical areas are of granular cortex or dysgranular cortex, which are unique to the frontal areas rostral to the agranular motor cortex of primates ( Zilles-2012 ). In the rat, the cerebral cortex located most rostrally, that is, at the frontal pole, is motor cortex and lacks an internal granular layer, Layer IV ( Swanson-2004 ). The rat, and presumably the mouse, have areas near the frontal pole that are cytoarchitecturally equivalent to a very narrow band of agranular cortex at the posterior margin of the primate orbital gyri. Continuous with agranular insular cortex, that area is the agranular insula of the orbital prefrontal cortex. Like the granular lateral prefrontal cortex, most of orbital prefrontal cortex is granular and has no equivalent in the rat ( Preuss-1995; Wallis-2012 ).Thus, while a PubMed search for articles with keywords 'prefrontal cortex in rat' results in a list of more than 8,000 citations, brain atlases of the rat ( Swanson-2004, Paxinos-2009b ) and mouse ( Franklin-2008; Hof-2000 ) do not show an area by that name. Based on those observations and reviews by Preuss-1995 and Wallis-2012, the NeuroNames ontology does not contain a rodent equivalent for primate prefrontal cortex.\r\n\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"prefrontal cortex (Zilles)","synonymSource":"Zilles-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"prefrontal cortex","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"prefrontal region","synonymSource":"Zilles-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Architecture of the Cerebral Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"prefrontal area","synonymSource":"Walker-1940","synonymSourceTitle":"A cytoarchitectural study of the prefrontal area of the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"präfrontaler Kortex","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"präfrontale Kortexareale","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"praefrontaler Kortex","synonymSource":"Mai-2002","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"praefrontale Kortexareale","synonymSource":"Mai-2002","pubMedHits":"1"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"frontal cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3601","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3601","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1352","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"424","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial prefrontal cortex of Ongur","standardAcronym":"","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1352","cDefinition":"\r\n","parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"orbitomedial prefrontal cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3506","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3506","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial prefrontal cortex hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1353","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"425","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"supplementary motor areas (Crosby)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1353","cDefinition":"refers to regions of the cerebral cortex and amygdala that are variably defined on the basis of motor responses elicited by direct electrical stimulation ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"supplementary motor areas (Crosby)","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1354","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"428","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"primary auditory cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1354","cDefinition":"refers to an area of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of function, namely the perception of pure tones and pitch. In the human it is located in the transverse temporal gyrus of the temporal lobe. There the anatomic substrate is area 41 of Brodmann, area Tc of Economo ( Zilles-2004 ). In the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ) the neural substrate is an area on the lateral surface of the cerebral cortex located between the dorsal auditory areas and the ventral auditory areas. Some authors distinguish a posterior auditory area as distinct from the primary area in the rat (Swanson-2004).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"korteks pendengaran primer","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"primary auditory area","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"71"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"primary auditory cortex","synonymSource":"Zilles-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Cortex","pubMedHits":"1162"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"primary auditory cortex","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"1162"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"auditory core region","synonymSource":"Zilles-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Architecture of the human cerebral cortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"primäre Hörrinde","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"area uditiva primaria","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"corteccia uditiva primaria","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"corteza auditiva primaria","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"área auditiva primaria","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"auditory cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"1556","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1556","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1355","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"429","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"auditory association cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1355","cDefinition":"refers to a portion of the temporal lobe located adjacent to the primary auditory area and variously defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture, myeloarchitecture, connectivity and function. It occupies primarily the superior temporal gyrus where it is roughly comparable to the area 22 of Brodmann (human) ( Zilles-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"auditory association cortex","synonymSource":"Zilles-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Cortex","pubMedHits":"93"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"magnopyramidal temporal belt","synonymSource":"Zilles-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"magnopyramidal temporal field","synonymSource":"Zilles-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"magnopyramidal region of Braak","synonymSource":"Zilles-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"temporoparietal area, Tpt of Galaburda","synonymSource":"Zilles-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"auditory parasensory association cortex","synonymSource":"Zilles-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"auditory parasensory association cortex","synonymSource":"Zilles-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"perisylvian language area","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1356","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"430","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"paralimbic association cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1356","cDefinition":"refers to a portion of the temporal lobe defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture, myeloarchitecture and connectivity. It occupies primarily the fusiform gyrus and the polar portions of the superior temporal gyrus and the middle temporal gyrus ( Zilles-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"paralimbic association cortex","synonymSource":"Zilles-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"paralimbic association cortex","synonymSource":"Zilles-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1357","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"431","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"visual parasensory association cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1357","cDefinition":"refers to a portion of the temporal lobe defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture, myeloarchitecture and connectivity. It occupies primarily the middle temporal gyrus and the inferior temporal gyrus ( Zilles-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"visual parasensory association cortex","synonymSource":"Zilles-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"visual parasensory association cortex","synonymSource":"Zilles-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1358","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"434","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"gustatory cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1358","cDefinition":"refers to the areas of cerebral cortex involved functionally in taste perception. The locations to which it is attributed varies by species, by method of detection, and by author.\r\nIn primates it involves the frontoparietal operculum and the anterior insula. fMRI studies in the human suggest that the primary areas are in the ventroanterior part of the right anterior insula with smaller areas located bilaterally in dorsal parts of anterior insula and the long insular gyri. Areas in which gustation is associated with other functions include all of the ventral part, and a small area near the dorsal boundary of, the anterior insula ( Fig. 3 in Kurth-2010b ).\r\nAll studies of the macaque agree to a location on the inner and horizontal surfaces of the frontoparietal operculum, the portions of the postcentral gyrus and the precentral gyrus that overlie the dorsal part of the insula, which are identified as area OFO of Roberts ( Mesulam-1984 ) or area Gu of Paxinos (macaque) ( Paxinos-2009a ). That area receives a direct projection from the gustatory relay nucleus in the thalamus, i.e., the parvicellular part of the ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPMpc). Reports differ with regard to the internal structure of the frontal operculum area; some label it granular ( Mesulam-1984 ), others dysgranular ( Pritchard-2012 ). Additional projections have been traced to adjacent dorsal parts of granular insula and dysgranular insular cortex (Roberts). Some have interpreted these to represent secondary gustatory areas ( Sewards-2001 ).\r\nIn the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Hof-2000 ), the gustatory cortex is identified with the dysgranular insula. ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"gustatory area","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"37"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"gustatory cortex","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"103"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"gustatory area","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"37"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"gustatory areas","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"14"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"primary taste cortex","synonymSource":"Pritchard-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Gustatory System","pubMedHits":"42"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area Gu of Paxinos (macaque)","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009a","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain, Second Edition","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"area gustativa","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"área del gusto","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"área gustativa","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"sensorimotor cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"2866","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2866","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1359","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"438","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"cervical flexure","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1359","cDefinition":"refers to the junction of the spinal cord and hindbrain in the embryo ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fleksur servikal","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cervical flexure","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"12"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1360","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"439","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"cephalic flexure","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1360","cDefinition":"refers to the junction of the midbrain and hindbrain in the embryo ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cephalic flexure","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"10"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1361","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"440","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"pontine flexure","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1361","cDefinition":"refers to the boundary between the metencephalon and medulla in the embryo ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fleksur pons","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"pontine flexure","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"17"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1362","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"441","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"neural plate","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1362","cDefinition":"refers to the embryologic structure that gives rise to the nervous system ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"lempeng neural","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"neural plate","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"1341"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Neuralplatte","synonymSource":"Kahle-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"Taschenatlas der Anatomie
\r\nVolume 3: Nervensystem und Sinnesorgane","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1363","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"442","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"neural groove","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1363","cDefinition":"refers to an embryologic structure that is formed by the elevation of a neural fold bilaterally on the margins of the neural plate ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"alur neural","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"neural groove","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"78"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Neuralrinne","synonymSource":"Kahle-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"Taschenatlas der Anatomie
\r\nVolume 3: Nervensystem und Sinnesorgane","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1364","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"443","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"neural fold","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1364","cDefinition":"refers to an embryologic structure that develops as a result of accelerated growth near the margin of the neural plate relative to that of the midline. Two neural folds bound the neural groove ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"lipat neural","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"neural fold","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"188"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1365","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"444","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"neural tube","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1365","cDefinition":"refers to an embryologic structure that develops as a result of the proliferation of cells in the neural plate to form a neural fold on each of its margins. As the neural groove between the folds deepens the neural folds fuse dorsally to form the neural tube ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"neural tube","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"9982"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Neuralrohr","synonymSource":"Kahle-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"Taschenatlas der Anatomie
\r\nVolume 3: Nervensystem und Sinnesorgane","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1366","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"445","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"neural crest","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1366","cDefinition":"refers to an embryologic structure that develops from cells that originate from the thin lateral margins of the neural plate. These cells migrate to the midline dorsal to the neural tube to form the neural crest and then continue to migrate in the body to give rise to the primary sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal nerves ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"krista neural","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"neural crest","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"7183"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1367","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"446","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"mantle layer of the neural tube","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1367","cDefinition":"denotes an embryologic structure, the middle layer of the neural tube, which becomes the gray matter of the brain and the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"lapis mantel","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"mantle layer of the neural tube","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1368","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"447","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"marginal layer of the neural tube","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1368","cDefinition":"denotes an embryologic structure, the external layer of the neural tube, which becomes the white matter of the brain and the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"lapis marginal","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"lapis tepian","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"marginal layer of the neural tube","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1369","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"448","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ependymal layer of the neural tube","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1369","cDefinition":"denotes an embryologic structure, namely, the internal layer of the neural tube. It gives rise to the ependyma which lines the ventricular system of the brain ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"lapis ependim","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"lapis matriks","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ependymal layer of the neural tube","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1370","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"449","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"alar plate","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1370","cDefinition":"refers to an embryologic structure that develops as a result of the proliferation of ectodermal cells in the mantle layer of that portion of the neural tube that is developing into the spinal cord. Each of the two alar plates is a small posterior thickening of the mantle layer of neural tube that becomes a posterior gray column of the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"lempeng dorsal","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"lempeng alar","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"alar plate","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"130"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal lamina","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"32"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"alar lamina","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"4"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1371","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"450","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"roof plate","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1371","cDefinition":"refers to an embryologic structure that develops into the roof of the fourth ventricle of the hindbrain as a result of the proliferation of ectodermal cells in the mantle layer of neural tube ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"roof plate","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"172"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1372","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"451","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"basal plate","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1372","cDefinition":"refers to an embryologic structure that develops as a result of the proliferation of ectodermal cells in the mantle layer of the portion the neural tube that is developing into the spinal cord. Each of the basal plates is a relatively large anterior thickening of the mantle layer of neural tube that becomes an anterior gray column of the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"lempeng ventral","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"lempeng basal","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"basal plate","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"369"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventral lamina","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"35"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1373","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"452","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"cerebellar plate","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1373","cDefinition":"refers to the embryologic structure that becomes the cerebellum. The dorsolateral portion of the alar plate on each side of the metencephalon bends posteromedially to form a rhombic lip; the lips fuse to form the cerebellar plate ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cerebellar plate","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"32"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1374","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"453","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"quadrigeminal plate","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1374","cDefinition":"refers to the embryologic structure that is formed by two longitudinal eminences, one on each alar plate of the midbrain. These eminences become the superior colliculus and inferior colliculus ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"quadrigeminal plate","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"98"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lamina quadrigemina","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"8"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Vierhügelplatte","synonymSource":"Schultze-1993","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomisches Wörterbuch","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"piatto quadrigemino","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"tetto quadrigemino","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1375","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"454","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"cerebral vesicle","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1375","cDefinition":"refers to an embryologic structure that is one of three dilations of the neural tube, embryonic precursors to the forebrain, the midbrain and the hindbrain ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cerebral vesicle","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"36"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1376","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"455","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"transverse rhombencephalic sulcus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1376","cDefinition":"refers to an embryologic invagination of the metencephalon that results from formation of the pontine flexure. It is the precursor of the fourth ventricle ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"transverse rhombencephalic sulcus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1377","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"456","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"choroid plexus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1377","cDefinition":"refers to the granular tissue that secretes cerebrospinal fluid into the ventricles of the brain. It includes the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle, the choroid plexus of the third ventricle and the choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"pleksus koroid","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"choroid plexus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"5296"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"chorioid plexus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"17"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Plexus choroidei","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Plexus choroideus","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"33"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Plexus choroideus","synonymSource":"Nieuwenhuys-1987","synonymSourceTitle":"Illustrations of the gross anatomy of the brain","pubMedHits":"33"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Plexus choroidae","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"plesso corioideo","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"сосудистое сплетение","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Mozga Cheloveka (Atlas of the Human Brain)","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"plexo coroideo","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1378","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"457","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"tela choroidea","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1378","cDefinition":"refers to a connective tissue membrane that physically supports the choroid plexus of the ventricular system ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"tela koroid","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"tela choroidea","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"48"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tela choroidea","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"48"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tela choroidea","synonymSource":"Nieuwenhuys-1987","synonymSourceTitle":"Illustrations of the gross anatomy of the brain","pubMedHits":"48"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"tela corioidea","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"tela coroidea","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1379","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"458","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"somatic sensory fibers","standardAcronym":"GSA","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1379","cDefinition":"(GSA) refers to the peripheral processes of bipolar neurons that provide sensory innervation of the skin and body wall. These neurons send central processes to the spinal cord via their dorsal root fibers or to the hindbrain via cranial nerves: the trigeminal nerve, the facial nerve, the glossopharyngeal nerve or the vagus nerve ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"general somatic afferents","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"general somatic afferent fibers","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"somatic sensory fibers","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"somatomotorische Kerne","synonymSource":"Kahle-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"Taschenatlas der Anatomie
\r\nVolume 3: Nervensystem und Sinnesorgane","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"allgemein somatoafferente Kerne (ASA)","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibre afferenti generali somatiche","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"afferente somatico generale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"afferente somatica generale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1380","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"459","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"somatic motor fibers","standardAcronym":"GSE","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1380","cDefinition":"(GSE) refers to the peripheral processes of motoneurons that project via cranial nerves (the oculomotor nerve, the trochlear nerve, the abducens nerve, and the hypoglossal nerve) or via ventral root fibers of the spinal cord to provide motor innervation of the skeletal, volitional muscles ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"general somatic efferents","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"myomeric efferents","synonymSource":"Willis-1981","synonymSourceTitle":"Medical Neurobiology: Neuroanatomical and Neurophysiological Principles Basic to Clinical Neuroscience","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"general somatic efferent fibers","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"somatomotor fibers","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"somatic motor fibers","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"6"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"generell somatomotorische Kerne","synonymSource":"Mai-2002","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"generell somato-efferente Kerne","synonymSource":"Mai-2002","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"allgemein somatoefferente Kerne (ASE)","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"efferenze somatiche generali","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"efferente somatico generale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1381","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"460","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"general visceral afferents","standardAcronym":"GVA","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1381","cDefinition":"(GVA) refers to the peripheral processes of ganglion neurons of the spinal cord or brainstem that provide sensory innervation of the thoracic and abdominal viscera. These neurons send their central processes via dorsal root fibers or cranial nerves (the facial nerve, the glossopharyngeal nerve or the vagus nerve) to the spinal cord or hindbrain ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"general visceral afferents","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"general visceral afferent fibers","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"allgemein viszeroafferente Kerne (AVA)","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"afferente viscerale generale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1382","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"461","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"general visceral efferents","standardAcronym":"GVE","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1382","cDefinition":"(GVE) refers to the visceral efferent fibers of brainstem neurons that project through cranial nerves (the oculomotor nerve, the facial nerve, the glossopharyngeal nerve or the vagus nerve) or preganglionic neurons of the spinal cord that project to postganglionic visceral efferent neurons. These postganglionic cells innervate the smooth muscle and glandular epithelium of the body ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"general visceral efferents","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"general visceral efferent fibers","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"postganglionic sympathetic efferent fibers","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"allgemein viszeroefferente Kerne (AVE)","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"efferenze viscerali generali","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibre efferenti generali viscerali","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"efferente viscerale generale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1383","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"462","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"special somatic afferents","standardAcronym":"SSA","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1383","cDefinition":"(SSA) refers to those afferents innervating the organs of special sensation such as the cochlea or vestibule. These afferents project centrally through the vestibulocochlear nerve to terminate in the vestibular nuclei and the cochlear nuclei ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"special somatic afferents","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"speziell somatoafferente Kerne (SSA)","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"afferente somatica speciale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1384","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"463","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"special visceral afferents","standardAcronym":"SVA","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1384","cDefinition":"(SVA) refers to nerve fibers in the cranial nerves that innervate the tongue and epiglottis and convey taste information to the gustatory nucleus in the rostral part of the solitary nucleus. Olfactory nerve afferents are considered special visceral afferents, as are the baroreceptors and chemoreceptors innervated by the facial nerve, the glossopharyngeal nerve, and the vagus nerve ( Carpenter-1983 )","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"special visceral afferents","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"speziell viszeroafferente Kerne (SVA)","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1385","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"464","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"special visceral efferents","standardAcronym":"SVE","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1385","cDefinition":"(SVE) refers to nerve fibers that innervate the voluntary striated muscles of the larynx and pharynx and the muscles of facial expression and mastication. These efferents are found in the trigeminal nerve, the facial nerve, the glossopharyngeal nerve, the vagus nerve and the accessory nerve ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"special visceral efferents","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"18"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"branchiomotor fibers","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"branchial efferents","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"6"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"speziell viszeroefferente Kerne (SVE)","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"efferente viscerale speciale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibre efferenti viscerali speciali","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1386","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"465","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"gustatory nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1386","cDefinition":"refers to the enlarged rostral portion of the solitary nucleus, which receives taste afferents from the glossopharyngeal nerve and the intermediate nerve in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( Pritchard-2012 ). It is part of the functionally defined medullary gustatory area in primates.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nukleus gustatorius","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"gustatory nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"56"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"gustatory gray","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal visceral gray","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1387","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"466","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"cell group f","standardAcronym":"f","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1387","cDefinition":"refers to a densely packed group of neurons in the ventrolateral and caudal parts of the descending vestibular nucleus. It is defined on the basis of connectivity; cells of this group do not receive primary vestibular fiber input ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cell group f","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"3"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1388","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"467","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"cell group y","standardAcronym":"y","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1388","cDefinition":"refers to a densely packed group of neurons dorsal to the inferior cerebellar peduncle that project to the oculomotor nuclear complex via the medial longitudinal fasciculus ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cell group y","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"13"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1389","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"468","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"vestibular nerve","standardAcronym":"v8n","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1389","cDefinition":"refers to the branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve that innervates the vestibular apparatus. It is not part of the brain ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"n. vestibular","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"saraf vestibular","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nervus vestibularis","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"vestibular nerve","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"2333"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"vestibulocochlear nerve, pars vestibularis","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"vestibular division of acoustic nerve","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nervus vestibularis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Nervus vestibularis","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Fibrae vestibulares","synonymSource":"Oertel-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"Zur zyto- und myeloarchitektonik des Rhombencephalon des Rhesusaffen (Macaca mulatta Zimmerman)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Vestibularisanteil","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"parte vestibolare del nervo vestibolococleare","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nervo vestibolare","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"nervio vestibular","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"vestibulocochlear nerve","parentNeuroNamesId":"553","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=553","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1390","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"469","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"vestibular cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1390","cDefinition":"refers to a functionally defined region that is poorly defined in humans, but that appears to include parts of the superior temporal gyrus. In macaque, the primary projection by vestibular afferents to the cerebral cortex is to the postcentral gyrus near the lower end of the intraparietal sulcus ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"vestibular cortex","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"93"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"vestibular representation","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1991","synonymSourceTitle":"Core Text of Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"rappresentazione vestibolare","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"representación vestibular cortical","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"área vestibular","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1391","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"470","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial raphe nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1391","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure that consists of the median raphe nucleuss and the inferior central nucleus of the pontine reticular formation ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial raphe nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"17"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo mediale del rafe","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1392","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"471","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"semilunar tract","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1392","cDefinition":"refers to the uppermost subdivision of descending branches of the dorsal root fibers. Located in the cervical segments and most of the thoracic segments of the spinal cord, it is comma-shaped in cross-section. The other subdivisions are the septomarginal tract in the lumbar segments of the spinal cord and the tract of Phillippe-Gombault in the sacral segments ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fasikel interfasikular","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"comma tract of Schultze","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"interfascicular bundle","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"comma field of Schultze","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"semilunar tract","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"comma bundle of Schultze","synonymSource":"Dark-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"The On-line Medical Dictionary","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"interfascicular fasciculus","synonymSource":"Dark-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"The On-line Medical Dictionary","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculus interfascicularis","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculus semilunaris","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Schultze'sches-Komma","synonymSource":"Mai-2002","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Schultze-Komma","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fascicolo interfascicolare","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"fascículo interfascicular","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"fascículo en vírgula de Schultze","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"descending branches of the dorsal root fibers","parentNeuroNamesId":"2641","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2641","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1393","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"472","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"vagus nerve nuclei","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1393","cDefinition":"refers to the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve, the commissural nucleus of the vagus nerve, the solitary nucleus and the nucleus ambiguus ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"vagus nerve nuclei","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"vagal nuclei","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"65"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"vagal nerve nuclei","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleus nervi vagi","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Mozga Cheloveka (Atlas of the Human Brain)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nuclei del vago (N. X)","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"ядро блуждающего нерва","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Mozga Cheloveka (Atlas of the Human Brain)","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1394","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"473","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"specific sensory thalamic relay nuclei","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1394","cDefinition":"refers to a group of structures in the thalamus defined by connectivity. These include the medial geniculate body, the lateral geniculate body, and two substructures of the ventral posterior nucleus: the ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) and the ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL) ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"specific sensory thalamic relay nuclei","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"specific thalamic nuclei","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"66"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"specific sensory relay nuclei","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"spezifische Thalamuskerne","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nuclei di 'relay' sensorio specifico","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1395","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"474","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"cortical thalamic relay nuclei","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1395","cDefinition":"refers to a group of structures in the thalamus defined by connectivity. It includes the anterior nuclear group, the ventral lateral nucleus and the parvicellular part of the ventral anterior nucleus ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cortical thalamic relay nuclei","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cortical relay nuclei","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nuclei di 'relay' corticale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1396","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"475","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"thalamic association nuclei","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1396","cDefinition":"refers to a subset of nuclei in the thalamus defined on the basis of their connections. They include the medial dorsal nucleus, the lateral dorsal nucleus, the lateral posterior nucleus and the pulvinar ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"thalamic association nuclei","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"association nuclei of thalamus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nuclei associativi del talamo","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"núcleos de asociación del tálamo","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1397","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"476","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"centromedian-parafascicular nuclear complex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1397","cDefinition":"refers to a subset of nuclei in the thalamus that includes the centromedian nucleus and the parafascicular nucleus of the intralaminar nuclear group ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"kompleks nukleus sentromedian-parafasikular","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"centromedian-parafascicular nuclear complex","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"complejo centromediano-parafascicular","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1398","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"477","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"perihypoglossal nuclei","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1398","cDefinition":"refers to three cell groups in the floor of the fourth ventricle, the medial dorsal portion of the. medulla. Identified by Nissl stain they are: the nucleus intercalatus, nucleus prepositus, and sublingual nucleus. The three nuclei are found in the human ( Carpenter-1983), macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), rat ( Swanson-2004 ), and mouse ( Dong-2004 ). Functionally they constitute one of the vestibulomotor regions of the behavior control column ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nukleus-nukleus perihipoglosus","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"perihypoglossal nuclei","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"28"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"perihypoglossal nuclei","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"28"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo periipoglosso","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"núcleos perihipoglosos","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"vestibulomotor regions","parentNeuroNamesId":"2900","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2900","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1399","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"479","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"paramedian pontine reticular formation","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1399","cDefinition":"refers to a functionally defined area in the pontine reticular formation that is involved in the coordination of conjugate horizontal eye movements ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"paramedian pontine reticular formation","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"131"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"paramediane pontine Formatio reticularis","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"paramediane Formatio reticularis der Brücke","synonymSource":"Mai-2002","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"paramediane Formatio reticularis der Brückenregion","synonymSource":"Mai-2002","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"formazione reticolare pontina paramediana","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1400","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"481","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"accessory nerve nuclei","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1400","cDefinition":"refers to a set of structures in the medulla and spinal cord. It includes caudal portions of the nucleus ambiguus of the medulla and the nucleus of the spinal part of the accessory nerve, which is located in the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"accessory nerve nuclei","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1401","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"482","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"supraoptic decussations","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1401","cDefinition":"refers to three hypothalamic fiber tracts that cross the midline in the hypothalamus dorsal to the optic chiasm. They include the anterior hypothalamic commissure, the dorsal supraoptic decussation and the ventral supraoptic decussation ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"supraoptic decussations","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"supraoptic decussation","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"36"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"supraoptic decussation","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"36"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"supraoptic commissures","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"1"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"hypothalamus related medial forebrain bundle system","parentNeuroNamesId":"3024","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3024","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1402","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"484","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"trigeminal ganglion","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1402","cDefinition":"refers to a crescent-shaped (semilunar) ganglion located in the peripheral nervous system where the ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular branches of the trigeminal nerve merge. It is not part of the brain ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"ganglion semilunare Gasser","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"ganglion trigeminus","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"trigeminal ganglion","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"3020"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gasserian ganglion","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"244"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"semilunar ganglion","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"24"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Ganglion trigeminale","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"8"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"тройничный узел","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1403","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"485","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"sensory root of the trigeminal nerve","standardAcronym":"se5","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1403","cDefinition":"refers to the afferent fibers in the trigeminal nerve, which is an appendage of the pons. It is attached to, but not part of the brain ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"akar sensorik s. V","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"sensory root of the trigeminal nerve","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"sensory root of N. V","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"sensory branch of trigeminal nerve","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"major root of trigeminal nerve","synonymSource":"Williams-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"The Human Brain: Dissections of the Real Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nervus trigeminus, radix sensoria","synonymSource":"Nieuwenhuys-1987","synonymSourceTitle":"Illustrations of the gross anatomy of the brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nervus trigeminus radix sensibilis","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Portio major of trigeminal nerve","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Portio major nervi trigemini","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Portio major nervi trigemini","synonymSource":"Oertel-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"Zur zyto- und myeloarchitektonik des Rhombencephalon des Rhesusaffen (Macaca mulatta Zimmerman)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Radix sensoria","synonymSource":"Kahle-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"Taschenatlas der Anatomie
\r\nVolume 3: Nervensystem und Sinnesorgane","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nervo trigemino (radice sensoria)","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"raiz sensorial del nervio trigémino","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"trigeminal nerve","parentNeuroNamesId":"549","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=549","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1404","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"486","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"vestibular ganglion","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1404","cDefinition":"refers to the ganglion at the base of the vestibule that contains the cell bodies of the primary afferents innervating the vestibular organs. These afferent fibers course centrally in the vestibulocochlear nerve to the vestibular nuclei in the medulla. 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\r\nVolume 3: Nervensystem und Sinnesorgane","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibre pallidotegmentali","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"fascículo palidotegmentario","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1415","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"498","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"pallidothalamic fibers","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1415","cDefinition":"refers to a fiber pathway connecting the globus pallidus with the thalamus. 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\r\nVolume 3: Nervensystem und Sinnesorgane","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculus rubroolivaris (Probst-Gamber)","synonymSource":"Kahle-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"Taschenatlas der Anatomie
\r\nVolume 3: Nervensystem und Sinnesorgane","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"rubrooliväre Fasern","synonymSource":"Kahle-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"Taschenatlas der Anatomie
\r\nVolume 3: Nervensystem und Sinnesorgane","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibre rubroolivari","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1420","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"503","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"rubroreticular fibers","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1420","cDefinition":"refers to a fiber pathway connecting the red nucleus with the reticular formation of the brainstem. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"serabut rubroretikular","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"rubroreticular fibers","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"rubroreticular tract","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"rubroretikuläre Fasern","synonymSource":"Kahle-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"Taschenatlas der Anatomie
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It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"serabut tektoretikular","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"tectoreticular fibers","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"tectoreticular tract","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibre tettoreticolari","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1424","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"507","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"tectothalamic fibers","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1424","cDefinition":"refers to a fiber pathway connecting the tectum with the thalamus. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"tectothalamic fibers","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"tectothalamic tract","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"7"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"tectothalamic pathway","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"tectothalamic pathway","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibre tettotalamiche","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"текто-таламический путь","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"optic nerve","parentNeuroNamesId":"289","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=289","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1425","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"508","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"tectal tracts","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1425","cDefinition":"refers to a collection of fiber pathways that originate in the tectum. They include the tectopontine tract, the tectobulbar tract, the tectospinal tract, the tectoreticular fibers and the tectothalamic fibers ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"tectal tracts","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1426","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"509","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"tegmentocerebellar fibers","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1426","cDefinition":"refers to a fiber pathway within the metencephalon connecting the pontine tegmentum with the cerebellum. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"tegmentocerebellar fibers","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"tegmentocerebellar tract","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1427","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"510","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"thalamostriate fibers","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1427","cDefinition":"refers to a fiber pathway connecting the thalamus with the striatum. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"thalamostriate fibers","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"thalamostriate tract","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibre talamostriate","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibras talamoestriadas","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1428","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"511","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"trigeminocerebellar fibers","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1428","cDefinition":"refers to a fiber pathway connecting the trigeminal nuclei with the cerebellum. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"trigeminocerebellar fibers","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"trigeminocerebellar tract","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibre trigeminocerebellari","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"inferior cerebellar peduncle","parentNeuroNamesId":"781","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=781","brainStructureType":"White Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1429","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"512","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medullary-pontine junction","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1429","cDefinition":"refers to the boundary between the medulla and the pons ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medullary-pontine junction","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ponto-medullary junction","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"19"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"giunzione pontobulbare","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"unión bulboprotuberancial","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"2"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1430","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"513","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"spinomedullary junction","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1430","cDefinition":"refers to the boundary between the medulla and the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"spinomedullary junction","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"39"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"spino-medullary junction","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"transizione spinobulbare","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"transición medulobulbar","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1431","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"514","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"midbrain-diencephalic junction","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1431","cDefinition":"refers to the boundary between the midbrain and the interbrain ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"midbrain-diencephalic junction","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"giunzione mesencefalo diencefalica","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1432","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"515","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"layers of the superior colliculus - obsolete","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1432","cDefinition":"","parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1433","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"522","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lemniscal system","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1433","cDefinition":"refers to the long ascending sensory pathways located lateral to the reticular formation of the brainstem. They include the medial lemniscus of the midbrain, the medial lemniscus of the pons, the medial lemniscus of the medulla, the lateral lemniscus, the spinothalamic tract, the dorsal trigeminal tract, the ventral trigeminal tract and the spinal trigeminal tract ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lemniscal system","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"47"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lemniskussystem","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"sistemi lemniscali","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1434","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"523","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"chorda tympani","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1434","cDefinition":"refers to a branch of the intermediate nerve that innervates the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. It is not part of the brain ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"chorda tympani","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"876"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Chorda tympani","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"876"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1435","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"524","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"septo-hypothalamo-mesencephalic continuum","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1435","cDefinition":"refers to neural circuitry linking autonomic or limbic centers in the septum of the endbrain, the preoptic area of the hypothalamus in the interbrain and the rostral portion of the midbrain ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"septo-hypothalamo-mesencephalic continuum","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1436","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"525","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Papez circuit","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1436","cDefinition":"refers to neural circuitry linking limbic centers as defined by Papez. Cells in the medial mammillary nucleus of the hypothalamus project via the mammillothalamic tract to the anterior nuclear group of the thalamus. Cells there project to the cingulate gyrus, from which cells in turn project to the CA fields via the cingulum or entorhinal area. Fibers arising from the CA fields course through the fornix to the hypothalamus, closing the circuit ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Papez circuit","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"37"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Papez-Kreis","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1437","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"526","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"secondary trigeminal tracts","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1437","cDefinition":"refers to fiber tracts arising from the principal sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve or the spinal trigeminal nucleus that project to higher levels. These tracts include the dorsal trigeminal tract, the ventral trigeminal tract and the spinal trigeminal tract ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"secondary trigeminal tracts","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"secondary trigeminal pathways","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1438","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"527","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"primary sensory areas","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1438","cDefinition":"refers to those areas of the cerebral cortex that receive input from subcortical nuclei related to specific sensory modalities. They include the primary somatosensory cortex, the primary visual area, the primary auditory cortex, the olfactory cortex and the gustatory cortex ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"primary sensory areas","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"101"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"primary sensory cortex","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"212"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"áreas sensoriales primarias","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1439","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"528","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"internal sagittal stratum","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1439","cDefinition":"refers to a fiber tract within the cerebral white matter of the endbrain that contains fibers projecting from the occipital lobe to the superior colliculus and the lateral geniculate body. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"internal sagittal stratum","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"7"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Stratum sagittale internum","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"estrato sagital interno","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1440","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"529","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"optic radiation","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1440","cDefinition":"refers to a broad vertically oriented fiber pathway that passes from the lateral geniculate nucleus, through the retrolenticular part of the internal capsule and posterior limb of the internal capsule to the primary visual cortex: primary visual cortex and monkey area 17 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Carpenter-1983 ). It is a continuous structure, but two parts are distinguished: a more dorsal superior optic radiation and a more ventral inferior optic radiation ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"traktus genikulokalkarin","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"radiasi optik","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"tractus geniculocalcarinus","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"geniculocalcarine radiation","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"optic radiation","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"234"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"geniculocalcarine tract","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"visual radiation","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"optic radiations","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"184"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"geniculostriate 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geniculo-calcarina","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sehstrahlung","synonymSource":"Schultze-1993","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomisches Wörterbuch","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sehbahn","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"radiazioni ottiche","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"radiazione ottica","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"tratto genicolocalcarino","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"зрительная лучистость","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibras geniculocalcarinas","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"haz geniculocalcarino","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"radiación óptica","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"radiaciones ópticas","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1441","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"531","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"subcallosal stratum (Mai)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1441","cDefinition":"refers to a predominantly cellular structure medial to the subcallosal fasciculus ( Mai-1997 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"subcallosal stratum (Mai)","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1442","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"535","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1442","cDefinition":"refers to a fiber pathway in the cerebral white matter that connects the frontal lobe and the occipital lobe. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fasciculus occipitofrontalis inferior","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"12"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"24"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculus occipitofrontalis inferior","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculus occipito-frontalis inferior","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"fasciculus occipitofrontalis inferior","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"fascículo occipitofrontal inferior","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"fascículo frontooccipital","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1443","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"538","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"inferior longitudinal fasciculus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1443","cDefinition":"refers to a fiber pathway in the cerebral white matter. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fasciculus longitudinal inferior","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"inferior longitudinal fasciculus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"65"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"external sagittal stratum","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"8"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculus longitudinalis inferior","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculus fronto-occipitalis inferior","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fascicolo longitudinale inferiore","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"нижний продольный пучок","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"estrato sagital externo","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"fascículo longitudinal inferior","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1444","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"539","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"uncinate fasciculus of the forebrain","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1444","cDefinition":"refers to a pathway in the cerebral white matter that connects anterior portions of the temporal lobe with the inferior frontal gyrus and the middle frontal gyrus. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fasciculus uncinatus","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"uncinate fasciculus of the forebrain","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"uncinate fasciculus of cerebral hemisphere","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"uncinate fasciculus-1","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Fasciculus uncinatus (prosencephali)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculus uncinatus","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Fasciculus uncinatus","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fascicolo uncinato","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"крючковидный пучок","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"fascículo unciforme del hemisferio","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"fascículo unciforme","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1445","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"541","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"cingulum","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1445","cDefinition":"refers to a fiber pathway that runs longitudinally in the cingulate white matter; it connects portions of the cingulate gyrus, the parietal lobe and the prefrontal cortex with the parahippocampal gyrus and adjacent structures of the temporal lobe. \"All connectios entering and exiting the cingulate gyrus pass through the cingulum bundle.\" ( Vogt-2012 ). In the human it is composed of the Cingulum ammonale and the Cingulum limitans and is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ). In the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) it is more distinguishable.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"cingulum bundle (Burdach)","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cingulum","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"515"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"cingulum bundle","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"94"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Cingulum","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"515"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Cingulum","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"515"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gürtel","synonymSource":"Schultze-1993","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomisches Wörterbuch","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"cingolo","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"пояс","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"cíngulo","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"cerebrum related medial forebrain bundle system","parentNeuroNamesId":"3020","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3020","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1446","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"542","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"corona radiata","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1446","cDefinition":"refers to the appearance on gross dissection of fiber bundles in the cerebral white matter that radiate from the narrow internal capsule to the broad cerebral cortex. These fiber bundles include the auditory radiation, the optic radiation, the anterior thalamic radiations, the superior thalamic radiations, the inferior thalamic radiations the posterior thalamic radiations and others ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"korona radiata","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"corona radiata","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"535"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Corona radiata","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"535"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Corona radiata","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"535"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"Corona radiata","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"corona radiata","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"лучистый венец","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"corona radiante","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1447","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"543","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"recesses of third ventricle","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1447","cDefinition":"refers to substructures of the third ventricle. They include the infundibular recess, the suprapineal recess, the pineal recess and the optic recess in primates ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the mammillary recess in rodents ( Paxinos-2001; Swanson-1998 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"recesses of third ventricle","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1448","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"544","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"facial nerve nuclei","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1448","cDefinition":"refers to a group of nuclei in the pontine tegmentum that contribute fibers to the facial nerve. They include the facial nucleus and the superior salivatory nucleus ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"facial nerve nuclei","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"7"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1449","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"545","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"commissures of the cerebellum","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1449","cDefinition":"refers to two fiber bundles in the cerebellar white matter that cross the midline of the cerebellum: the anterior cerebellar commissure and the posterior cerebellar commissure. They are not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"commissures of the cerebellum","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1450","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"546","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"metathalamus (Crosby)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1450","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure consisting of the metathalamus and parts of the pretectal region, namely the nucleus of the optic tract and the nucleus of the pretectal area ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"metathalamus (Crosby)","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1451","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"547","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral nuclear group (Crosby)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1451","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of the thalamus that includes the lateral nuclear group and the suprageniculate nucleus of the posterior nuclear complex ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral nuclear group (Crosby)","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1452","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"548","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"intralaminar nuclei (Crosby)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1452","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of the thalamus that differs from the intralaminar nuclear group in that it excludes the parafascicular nucleus and includes the limitans nucleus of the posterior nuclear complex ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"intralaminar nuclei (Crosby)","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1453","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"549","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial nuclear group (Crosby)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1453","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of the thalamus that includes the medial dorsal nucleus, the parafascicular nucleus and the nuclei of habenulopeduncular tract ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial nuclear group (Crosby)","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1454","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"550","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal thalamus (Crosby)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1454","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of the interbrain that is similar to the thalamus except for minor differences in several of the subdivisions. See medial nuclear group (Crosby), intralaminar nuclei (Crosby), lateral nuclear group (Crosby) and metathalamus (Crosby) ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal thalamus (Crosby)","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1455","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"551","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal thalamus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1455","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of the thalamus that is defined on the basis of embryonic origin, function and connectivity in the rat. A component of the Functional CNS Model - Rat, it is the same as the thalamus except that it does not include the reticular nucleus of the thalamus ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"dorsal thalamus (Swanson)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"dorsal thalamus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"670"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1456","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"552","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"nuclei of the habenulopeduncular tract","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1456","cDefinition":"refers to groups of nerve cells found in some mammals along the path of the fasciculus retroflexus as it passes the medial dorsal nucleus of the thalamus ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"nuclei of the habenulopeduncular tract","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nuclei tractus habenulopeduncularis","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1457","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"553","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nuclei colliculi superioris","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1457","cDefinition":"refers to groups of large cells in the middle gray layer of the superior colliculus and more laterally near the midbrain tegmentum ( Riley-1943 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nuclei colliculi superioris","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nuclei magnocellularis colliculi superioris","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus corporis quadrigemini anterioris","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus motorius colliculi superioris","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Nucleus colliculus superioris","synonymSource":"Oertel-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"Zur zyto- und myeloarchitektonik des Rhombencephalon des Rhesusaffen (Macaca mulatta Zimmerman)","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1458","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"554","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus colliculi inferioris","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1458","cDefinition":"is used by some authors as a composite term to refer to the cell groups of the inferior colliculus, namely the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus, the pericentral nucleus of the inferior colliculus and the external nucleus of the inferior colliculus ( Riley-1943 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleus colliculi inferioris","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nukleus kolikulus inferior","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus colliculi inferioris","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Nucleus colliculi inferioris","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Nucleus colliculus inferioris","synonymSource":"Oertel-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"Zur zyto- und myeloarchitektonik des Rhombencephalon des Rhesusaffen (Macaca mulatta Zimmerman)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus corporis quadrigemini posterioris","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus princeps colliculi inferioris","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"ядро нижнего холмика","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"ядро нижнего холмика (бугорка) четверохолмия","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Mozga Cheloveka (Atlas of the Human Brain)","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1459","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"556","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterior column nuclei","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1459","cDefinition":"refers to the cuneate nucleus of the medulla and the gracile nucleus located in the spinomedullary junction at the rostral end of each posterior white column ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior column nuclei","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"9"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior column medullary relay nuclei","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1460","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"557","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Telencephalon medium","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1460","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of the forebrain that includes parts of the endbrain and of the interbrain. It lies rostral to an imaginary plane from the base of the interventricular foramen to the upper border of the optic chiasm. It includes the preoptic area, the anterior commissure, the lamina terminalis and rostral portions of the third ventricle and fornix ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Telencephalon medium","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"5"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Telencephalon impar","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"2"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1461","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"558","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"brain sand","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1461","cDefinition":"refers to calcareous deposits often found in the pineal gland ( Crosby-1962 ) and other brain structures such as the choroid plexus ( Wikipedia ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"brain sand","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"7"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Acervulus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Corpora arenacea","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"11"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Häufchen","synonymSource":"Schultze-1993","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomisches Wörterbuch","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Hirnsand","synonymSource":"Schultze-1993","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomisches Wörterbuch","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1462","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"559","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dura mater","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1462","cDefinition":"refers to the leathery outer-most of three membranes, or meninges, that encapsulate the brain and the spinal cord. It is not part of the brain ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"dura mater","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dura mater","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"6389"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Dura mater","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"6389"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Pachymeninx","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"8"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"harte Hirnhaut","synonymSource":"Schultze-1993","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomisches Wörterbuch","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"harte Hirnhaute","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"dura madre","synonymSource":"Rigutti-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlante di Anatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"твёрдая оболочка головного мозга","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"твердая мозговая оболочка","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"duramadre","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1463","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"560","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"pia","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1463","cDefinition":"refers to one of the supporting structures of the central nervous system. It is the delicate inner-most of three membranes, or meninges, that encapsulate the brain and the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"piamater","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"pia mater","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"1617"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"pia","synonymSource":"Swanson-2015","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomical Terminology: A Lexicon of Classical Origins and Historical Foundtions","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Pia mater","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"1617"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"innere weiche Hirnhaut","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"pia madre","synonymSource":"Rigutti-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlante di Anatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"сосудистая оболочка головного мозга","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"мягкая оболочка головного мозга","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"piamadre","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1464","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"561","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"arachnoid","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1464","cDefinition":"refers to one of the supporting structures of the central nervous system. It is the web-like intermediate of three membranes, or meninges, that encapsulate the brain and the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"araknoid","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"arachnoid","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"3767"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Arachnoidea mater encephali","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Arachnoidea","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"40"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Arachnoid","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"3767"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Spinngewebshaut","synonymSource":"Mai-2002","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"äußere weiche Hirnhaut","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Spinnwebenhaut","synonymSource":"Schultze-1993","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomisches Wörterbuch","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Mixed","organism":"human","synonymName":"arachnoid mater","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"2870"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"aracnoidi","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"паутинная оболочка головного мозга","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"aracnoides","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1465","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"562","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"meninges","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1465","cDefinition":"refers to the three membranous layers that encapsulate the brain and the spinal cord. Listed in order from the brain out, these layers are the pia, the arachnoid and the dura mater. They are not part of the brain ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"mening","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"selaput otak","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"meninges","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"3878"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Meninges","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"3878"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Hirnhäute","synonymSource":"Mai-2002","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"meningi","synonymSource":"Rigutti-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlante di Anatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"мозговые оболочки","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1466","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"563","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"inferior optic radiation","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1466","cDefinition":"refers to the more ventral of two portions of the optic radiation; the other is the superior optic radiation. The inferior portion loops rostrally from the lateral geniculate nucleus toward the temporal pole, then caudally in the wall of the lateral ventricle to the inferior bank of the calcarine sulcus, primary visual cortex, or the monkey area 17 of Brodmann (guenon). The inferior radiation conveys information from the inferior part of the retina, which 'sees' the upper part of the visual field ( Crosby-1962; Carpenter-1983 )..","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"lengkung Meyer","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"inferior optic radiation","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"temporal optic radiation","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"temporal loop","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Meyer's loop","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"17"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"loop of Meyer","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"loop of Archambault","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Archambault's loop","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1467","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"565","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"sublenticular gray","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1467","cDefinition":"refers to a portion of the endbrain ventral to the lentiform nucleus that consists of the Nucleus subputaminalis and the substantia innominata ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"sublenticular gray","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1468","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"568","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"circle of Willis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1468","cDefinition":"refers to an anastomosing system of arteries that join to form a circle surrounding the hypophysis and optic chiasm at the base of the brain. It consists of the internal carotid arteries, the anterior communicating arteries, the posterior communicating arteries and the posterior cerebral arteries. It is not part of the brain ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"circle of Willis","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"1498"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"circulo arterial cerebral (Willis)","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1469","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"569","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"decussation of the superior medullary velum","standardAcronym":"xsmv","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1469","cDefinition":"refers to a substructure of the superior medullary velum ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"decussation of the superior medullary velum","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"decussation of velum","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"decussation of anterior medullary velum","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"commissure of anterior medullary velum","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"superior medullary velum","parentNeuroNamesId":"593","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=593","brainStructureType":"Other Primary Structure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1470","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"570","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"basal optic root","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1470","cDefinition":"refers to a fiber bundle connecting the optic chiasm to the nucleus of the transverse peduncular tract, a substructure of the ventral tegmental area in nonprimates. The existence of the latter in humans is disputed ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"basal optic root","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"91"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus peduncularis transversus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1471","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"571","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"nucleus of the transverse peduncular tract","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1471","cDefinition":"refers to a substructure of the ventral tegmental area in nonprimates, the existence of which in humans is disputed ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleus of the transverse peduncular tract","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleus of basal optic root","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus tractus peduncularis transversus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1472","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"573","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"parasplenial lobules","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1472","cDefinition":"refers to cortical folds on the medial surface of the parietal lobe of the human. Identified by dissection, they are located adjacent to the splenial sulcus and the parieto-occipital sulcus in the transition zone between the posterior cingulate gyrus and the cuneus. They are not found in the macaque ( Vogt-1995 ) or in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"parasplenial lobules","synonymSource":"Vogt-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Human cingulate cortex: surface features, flat maps, and cytoarchitecture","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1473","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"574","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"total fissure","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1473","cDefinition":"refers to a cerebral fissure or sulcus that is sufficiently deep to form an eminence on the underlying ventricular wall. Total fissures include the choroidal fissure, the collateral sulcus, the calcarine sulcus and the hippocampal fissure ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"total fissure","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1474","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"575","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"olfactory ventricle","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1474","cDefinition":"refers to a cavity in the embryonic olfactory bulb that communicates with the lateral ventricle. It is usually absent in the adult human ( Crosby-1962 ), but present in the adult mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) and rat ( Swanson-1998 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"olfactory part of lateral ventricle","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"rhinocele","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"olfactory ventricle","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"19"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1475","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"576","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"deep tegmental gray","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1475","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of midbrain tegmentum that includes the magnocellular part of the red nucleus, the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, the peripeduncular nucleus and certain nuclei of the midbrain reticular formation including the cuneiform nucleus, the subcuneiform nucleus, the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus and the linear nucleus of the raphe. It also includes the nucleus intracuneiformis and the parabrachial pigmented nucleus ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"deep tegmental gray","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"deep midbrain tegmental gray","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus mesencephalicus profundus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"8"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1476","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"577","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"nucleus intracuneiformis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1476","cDefinition":"refers to a structure in the midbrain tegmentum ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleus intracuneiformis","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus intracuneiformis","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1477","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"587","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterior part of the inferior parietal lobule","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1477","cDefinition":"refers to caudal portion of the angular gyrus and the adjacent portion of the occipital lobe ( Lockhart-1970 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior part of the inferior parietal lobule","synonymSource":"Lockhart-1959","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomy of the Human Body","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1478","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"591","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"sensory radiation","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1478","cDefinition":"refers to a component of the superior thalamic radiations that contains fibers connecting the ventral lateral nucleus and the ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus with the primary somesthetic area. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"sensory radiation","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"1"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1479","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"592","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventral tegmental gray","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1479","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure of the midbrain tegmentum that includes the ventral tegmental area, the interpeduncular nucleus and the peripeduncular nucleus ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventral tegmental gray","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"basal tegmental gray","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1480","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"593","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"rhinencephalon (Crosby)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1480","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of the endbrain. Identified functionally with olfaction, it is defined on the basis of comparative anatomy to include the olfactory bulb, the olfactory tract, the anterior olfactory nucleus, the olfactory tubercle, the subcallosal gyrus, the diagonal band, the nucleus of the diagonal band, the piriform area, the parahippocampal gyrus, the hippocampal formation and the cingulate gyrus ( Crosby-1962 ). For a thorough review of the history and multiple uses of the term \"rhinencephalon\" see Anthoney-1994.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"rhinencephalon (Crosby)","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"rhinencephalon of Crosby","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1481","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"594","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Cornu ammonis (Crosby)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1481","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of the hippocampal formation that includes the CA fields and the alveus ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Cornu ammonis (Crosby)","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1482","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"595","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"tegmental gray of the pons","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1482","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of the pontine tegmentum that includes the motor nucleus of the tegmentum, the median raphe nucleus, the inferior central nucleus, the nucleus papilliformis, the subceruleus nucleus, the locus ceruleus, the lateroventral tegmental nucleus, the dorsal tegmental nucleus and the ventral tegmental nucleus ( Crosby-1962 ). See also pontine tegmentum.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"tegmental gray of the pons","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1483","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"596","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"paleocerebellum (Crosby)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1483","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of the cerebellar cortex that is based on some authors' concept of the phylogenesis of the cerebellum. It includes the vermis of the cerebellum and the flocculus ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"paleocerebellum (Crosby)","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1484","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"597","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"neocerebellum (Crosby)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1484","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of the cerebellar cortex that is based on some authors' concept of the phylogenesis of the cerebellum. It includes the anterior lobe of the cerebellum and the posterior lobe of the cerebellum ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"neocerebellum (Crosby)","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1485","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"598","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Lobulus simplex (Crosby)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1485","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of the posterior lobe of the cerebellum that includes the simple lobule and the declive ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lobulus simplex (Crosby)","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1486","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"599","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"postnodular fissure","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1486","cDefinition":"refers to a medial extension of the posterolateral fissure of the cerebellum ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"postnodular fissure","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1487","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"600","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Lobulus medianus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1487","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of the cerebellum that has been defined variously by different authors as including either the folium and the tuber of the vermis of the posterior lobe or those components plus the pyramis ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lobulus medianus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lobulus medius medianus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1488","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"601","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventral pontine gray","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1488","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of the pons that includes the pontine nuclei of the basal pons and the reticulotegmental nucleus of the pontine tegmentum. Its components are found in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ), the macaque ( Martin-2000 ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). Functionally it belongs to the postcerebellar and precerebellar nuclei of the behavior control column ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"pontine gray","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"73"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"pontine gray, general","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"ventral pontine gray","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Griseum pontis","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"9"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"postcerebellar and precerebellar nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"2897","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2897","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1489","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"602","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial tegmental process","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1489","cDefinition":"refers to one of three components of the reticulotegmental nucleus in the ventral pontine tegmentum where it meets the basal pons. It is found in the human ( Crosby-1962 ).The other components are the lateral tegmental process and the supralemniscal process. Functionally the reticulotegmental nucleus belongs to the postcerebellar and precerebellar nuclei of the behavior control column ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial tegmental process of Jacobsohn","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"medial tegmental process","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1490","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"603","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral tegmental process","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1490","cDefinition":"refers to one of three components of the reticulotegmental nucleus in the ventral pontine tegmentum where it meets the basal pons. It is found in the human ( Crosby-1962 ).The other components are the medial tegmental process and the supralemniscal process. Functionally the reticulotegmental nucleus belongs to the postcerebellar and precerebellar nuclei of the behavior control column ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral tegmental process of Jacobsohn","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"lateral tegmental process","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"Processus griseum pontis tegmentalis lateralis","synonymSource":"Oertel-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"Zur zyto- und myeloarchitektonik des Rhombencephalon des Rhesusaffen (Macaca mulatta Zimmerman)","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1491","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"604","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"parahypoglossal gray","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1491","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of the medulla and the pons. It includes the nucleus of the medial eminence of the pontine reticular formation and the sublingual nucleus, the dorsal paramedian reticular nucleus, the nucleus prepositus and the nucleus intercalatus of the medulla ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"parahypoglossal gray","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"parahypoglossal nuclei","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1492","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"605","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Paraphysis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1492","cDefinition":"refers to a substructure of the endbrain that is well-developed in amphibians and some reptiles. It variably appears and disappears in the human embryo. It is not seen in the postnatal primate brain ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Paraphysis","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"12"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Paraphysis cerebri","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"парафиза","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Mozga Cheloveka (Atlas of the Human Brain)","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1493","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"606","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"motor nucleus of the tegmentum","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1493","cDefinition":"refers to a group of nerve cells in the pontine tegmentum ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"motor nucleus of the tegmentum","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus motorius dissipatus formationis reticularis","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1494","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"607","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"parabducens nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1494","cDefinition":"refers to a group of nerve cells in the pontine tegmentum ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"parabducens nucleus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1495","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"608","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"minimus nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1495","cDefinition":"refers to \"clusters of extremely small cells found along fiber bundles in the red nucleus\" of the midbrain tegmentum ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"minimus nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"nucleus minimus (Monakow)","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus minimus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1496","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"613","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"subcallosal gyrus (Crosby)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1496","cDefinition":"refers to a substructure of the paraterminal gyrus, namely, the portion located adjacent to the rostrum of the corpus callosum. In this nomenclature the remainder of the paraterminal gyrus, i.e., the portion adjacent to the lamina terminalis, is called the posterior parolfactory gyrus ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"subcallosal gyrus (Crosby)","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1497","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"615","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"precommissural septum","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1497","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of the endbrain that includes the septal nuclei, the septofimbrial nucleus, the subcallosal gyrus and the paraterminal gyrus, except for that portion of the paraterminal gyrus adjacent to the rostrum of the corpus callosum ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"precommissural septum","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"parolfactory area (Crosby)","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"parolfactory gyri","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"parolfactory area of Broca","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"precommissural septal area (Crosby)","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"paracommissural area","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"septal area (Crosby)","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Septum precommissurale","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"предспаечная перегородка","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1498","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"617","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"retrofacial nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1498","cDefinition":"refers to a group of neurons at the junction of the medulla and the pontine tegmentum immediately caudal to the facial nucleus ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"retrofacial nucleus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"78"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1499","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"618","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"septohippocampal nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1499","cDefinition":"refers, in the human, to the most caudal of scattered clusters of neurons in the septum pellucidum on the underside of the corpus callosum; they extend from the level of the medial septal nucleus to the CA fields ( Crosby-1962 ). In the rat the septohippocampal nucleus is associated with the lateral septal nucleus throughout its rostro-caudal course toward the CA fields ( Swanson-1998 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"septohippocampal nucleus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"29"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"septohippocampal nucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure Of The Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"29"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus septohippocampalis","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"lateral septal complex","parentNeuroNamesId":"2672","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2672","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1500","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"619","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posteromedian lobule","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1500","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of the vermis of the cerebellum. It includes the pyramis and the uvula ( Anthoney-1994 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posteromedian lobule","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1501","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"620","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus tangentialis (Winkler)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1501","cDefinition":"refers to scattered neurons along the lateral border of the lateral vestibular nucleus and the rostral portion of the descending vestibular nucleus ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus tangentialis (Winkler)","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1502","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"624","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"accessory trochlear nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1502","cDefinition":"refers to a small cluster of neurons caudal to the trochlear nucleus in the midbrain tegmentum ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"accessory trochlear nucleus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior trochlear nucleus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1503","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"625","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"nucleus of the mammillary peduncle","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1503","cDefinition":"refers to a substructure of the ventral tegmental area in nonprimates. Its existence in humans is disputed ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleus of the mammillary peduncle","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1504","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"626","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"interstitial nucleus of the mammillary peduncle","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1504","cDefinition":"refers to a group of nerve cells in the posterior hypothalamic region of the hypothalamus ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"interstitial nucleus of the mammillary peduncle","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1505","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"627","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"frontal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1505","cDefinition":"refers to a structure in the midbrain tegmentum ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"frontal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1506","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"628","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"corticomedial nuclear group (Crosby)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1506","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of the amygdala that includes all substructures of the corticomedial nuclear group and the central amygdalar nucleus ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"corticomedial nuclear group (Crosby)","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"amygdaloid corticomedial complex","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1507","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"630","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"caudate-lenticular complex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1507","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of basal ganglia (Crosby) that includes the striatum, the globus pallidus, the substantia innominata and associated fiber tracts ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"caudate-lenticular complex","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1508","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"631","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal premammillary nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1508","cDefinition":"refers to one of two premammillary nuclei in the macaque ( Bleier-1984 ), the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). The other is the ventral premammillary nucleus. Neither of the premammillary nuclei is discernable by Nissl stain in the human ( Saper-2004 ). Functionally it is part of the behavior control column of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"premammillary nucleus, dorsal part","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"dorsal premammillary nucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"35"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"dorsal premammillary nucleus","synonymSource":"Bleier-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"The Hypothalamus of the Rhesus Monkey: A Cytoarchitectonic Atlas","pubMedHits":"46"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"behavior control column","parentNeuroNamesId":"2895","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2895","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1509","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"632","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventral premammillary nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1509","cDefinition":"refers to one of two premammillary nuclei in the macaque ( Bleier-1984 ), the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). The other is the dorsal premammillary nucleus. Neither of the premammillary nuclei is discernable by Nissl stain in the human ( Saper-2004 ). Functionally it is part of the behavior control column of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"ventral premammillary nucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"56"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"premammillary nucleus, ventral part","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"ventral premammillary nucleus","synonymSource":"Bleier-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"The Hypothalamus of the Rhesus Monkey: A Cytoarchitectonic Atlas","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"behavior control column","parentNeuroNamesId":"2895","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2895","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1510","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"633","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"heterotypic cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1510","cDefinition":"refers to those areas of mature cerebral cortex that deviate markedly from the homogeneous six- layered internal structure seen in the third trimester of gestation. Heterotypic cortex is contrasted to homotypic cortex, which retains the fetal six-layered pattern into adulthood. Together they constitute the neocortex. \r\nA limited number of neocortical areas undergo modification to more than six layers. They include the primary visual area ( primary visual cortex ), in which both the internal granular layer (IV) and the external pyramidal layer (III) divide into two or three sublayers, and the insula, if one considers the underlying claustrum to have originated during development from the multiform layer (VI), enlarged, and become separated from the insula by fibers of the extreme capsule. \r\nOther heterotypic areas are characterized by a decrease in layers, for the most part due to the merger or absence of the external granular layer and/or the internal granular layer. They include the motor cortex ( area 4 of Brodmann (human), area 6 of Brodmann (human), area 8 of Brodmann (human) ); the anterior cingulate gyrus ( area 24 of Brodmann (human), area 25, area 33 of Brodmann); the retrosplenial area ( area 30 of Brodmann (human) ) and the perirhinal area ( area 35 of Brodmann ); the agranular insula, and their equivalents in other species. \r\nThe the specific areas of heterotypic cortex differ somewhat by species ( Brodmann-1909 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"heterotypic cortex","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"heterotypical cortex","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"heterotypical formations","synonymSource":"Garey-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Brodmann's 'Localisation in the Cerebral Cortex'","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"heterotypisch","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"heterotypische Formationen","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"corteza heterotípica","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"área heterotípica","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1511","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"635","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"limitrophic cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1511","cDefinition":"refers to those areas of cerebral cortex that are transitional between two cytoarchitecturally distinct types of cortex, such as homotypic cortex and heterotypic cortex ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"limitrophic cortex","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1512","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"636","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"interlobar fissures","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1512","cDefinition":"refers to the fissures of the cerebral cortex that form the boundaries between lobes ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"interlobar fissures","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"40"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulci interlobares","synonymSource":"Nomina-1989","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"междолевые борозды","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1513","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"637","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"intralobar fissures","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1513","cDefinition":"refers to sulci in the cerebral cortex that are located entirely within lobes ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"intralobar fissures","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1514","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"642","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus intercalatus (Malone)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1514","cDefinition":"is variously identified with the lateral mammillary nucleus (Saper-1990) and as the lateral part of the medial mammillary nucleus ( Riley-1943 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus intercalatus (Malone)","synonymSource":"Saper-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Hypothalamus","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus intercalatus (Malone)","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1515","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"643","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus interfascicularis hypoglossi","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1515","cDefinition":"refers to a group of nerve cells in the medulla ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus interfascicularis hypoglossi","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"6"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1516","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"646","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Rathke's pouch","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1516","cDefinition":"refers to the embryonic precursor of the adenohypophysis ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Rathke's pouch","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"254"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Rathke-Tasche","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1517","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"647","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"infundibular stalk (Crosby)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1517","cDefinition":"refers to the infundibular stem and the tuberal part of the hypophysis ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"infundibular stalk (Crosby)","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"pituitary stalk","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"843"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"hypophysial stalk","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"41"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1518","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"650","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"infundibular process (Crosby)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1518","cDefinition":"refers to the embryonic structure that develops into the pars nervosa of hypophysis, the infundibular stem and the median eminence ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"infundibular process (Crosby)","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1519","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"652","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus lateralis pars caudalis of midbrain","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1519","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells in the midbrain tegmentum; it is located ventral and caudal to the red nucleus ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus lateralis pars caudalis of midbrain","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1520","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"655","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"transverse temporal gyrus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1520","cDefinition":"refers to one of two or three short oblique convolutions in the inferior wall of the lateral fissure in the human ( Duvernoy-1992 ). Identified by dissection, it is part of the superior temporal gyrus located rostral to the planum temporale. Most people have two such convolutions, the anterior transverse temporal gyrus and the posterior transverse temporal gyrus ( Carpenter-1983 ). Transverse temporal gyri are not seen in the macaque or in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"girus-girus temporal lintang Heschl","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"transverse temporal gyri","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"21"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"gyri of Heschl","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Heschl's convolutions","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"convolutions of Heschl","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"transverse temporal gyrus (human)","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Heschl's gyri","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"30"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyri temporales transversi","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"gyrus temporal transverse","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"giro trasverso di Heschl","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"giro temporale trasverso (Heschl)","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"поперечные внсочные извилины (Гешеля)","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"circunvoluciónes temporales transversas","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"circunvolución de Heschl","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1521","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"656","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"transcapsular caudatolenticular gray striae","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1521","cDefinition":"refers to thin strands of gray matter scattered in the internal capsule between the caudate nucleus on one side and the putamen and globus pallidus on the other ( Jernigan-2003 ; Roberts-1970 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"transcapsular caudatolenticular gray striae","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Striae griseae caudatolenticulares transcapsulares","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1522","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"657","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"superficial pontine stratum","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1522","cDefinition":"refers to a substructure of the basal pons ( Roberts-1970 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superficial pontine stratum","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Stratum superficiale pontis","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1523","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"658","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"subthalamicotegmental tract","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1523","cDefinition":"refers to a substructure of the interbrain and the midbrain that is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Roberts-1970 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"subthalamicotegmental tract","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus subthalamicotegmentalis","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1524","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"659","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"cerebellorubrothalamic tract","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1524","cDefinition":"refers to a substructure of the interbrain, the midbrain and the metencephalon that is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Roberts-1970 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cerebellothalamic tract","synonymSource":"Williams-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"The Human Brain: Dissections of the Real Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cerebellorubrothalamic tract","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cerebello-rubro-thalamic fibers","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus cerebellothalamicus","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus cerebello-thalamicus","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus cerebello-rubro-thalamicus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus cerebellothalamicus","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibre cerebellorubrali","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"мозжечково-таламический путь","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"мозжечково-красноядерный путь","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"мозжечково-красноядернo-таламический путь","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Mozga Cheloveka (Atlas of the Human Brain)","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1525","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"660","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"orbitofrontal fibers","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1525","cDefinition":"refers to a substructure of the cerebral white matter that is is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Roberts-1970 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"orbitofrontal fibers","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fibrae orbitofrontalis","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1526","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"661","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lamina cornea","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1526","cDefinition":"refers to a glial substructure of the thalamus at its attachment to the choroid plexus ( Roberts-1970 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lamina cornea","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lamina cornea","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lamina cinerea","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lamina infrachoroidea","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1527","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"662","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"peduncle of substantia nigra","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1527","cDefinition":"refers to a substructure of the cerebral peduncle of the midbrain ( Roberts-1970 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"peduncle of substantia nigra","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Kamm system","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Pedunculus substantiae nigrae","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Stratum intermedium pedunculi","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1528","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"663","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"prerubral tract","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1528","cDefinition":"refers to a substructure of the midbrain tegmentum ( Roberts-1970 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"prerubral tract","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus prerubralis","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1529","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"664","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"caudal nucleus of the zona incerta","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1529","cDefinition":"refers to a group of nerve cells of the subthalamus ( Roberts-1970 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"caudal nucleus of the zona incerta","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In 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of the choroid plexus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1531","cDefinition":"refers to an enlarged portion of the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle. 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They include the cingulum, the uncinate fasciculus of the forebrain, the superior longitudinal fasciculus, the inferior longitudinal fasciculus, the subcallosal fasciculus, the inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus, and the vertical occipital fasciculus ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"long association fibers","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1991","synonymSourceTitle":"Core Text of Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"6"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"long association bundles","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"longitudinal association bundles","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"longitudinal association bundle","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"longitudinal association bundle","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"lange Assoziationsbahnen","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"длинные ассоциативные пути","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"длинные ассоциативные волокна","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibras de asociación largas","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"cerebrum related medial forebrain bundle system","parentNeuroNamesId":"3020","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3020","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1537","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"673","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"short association fibers","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1537","cDefinition":"refers to a set of short corticocortical fibers in the cerebral white matter. They are not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"short association fibers","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"short association bundles","synonymSource":"Williams-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"The Human Brain: Dissections of the Real Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"short arcuate bundles","synonymSource":"Williams-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"The Human Brain: Dissections of the Real Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fibrae arcuatae cerebri","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"kurze Assoziationsbahnen","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"короткие ассоциативные пути","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"короткие ассоциативные волокна","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibras de asociación cortas","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1538","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"674","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"transverse fasciculus of the lingula","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1538","cDefinition":"refers to a fiber tract in the cerebral white matter related to the lingula that is reasonably easy to dissect but that is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"transverse fasciculus of the lingula","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"transverse occipital fasciculus of lingual lobule","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1539","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"675","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Gyrus parietalis medialis (Winters)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1539","cDefinition":"refers to a structure of the lateral surface of the parietal lobe that is not the same as the medial parietal gyrus, a structure on the medial surface of the parietal lobe. Neither structure is clearly coincident with any structure in the NeuroNames hierarchy ( Winters-1969 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca nemestrina","synonymName":"Gyrus parietalis medialis (Winters)","synonymSource":"Winters-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Brain Atlas For Macaca nemestrina","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1540","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"676","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"transverse fasciculus of the cuneus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1540","cDefinition":"refers to a fiber tract in the cerebral white matter related to the cuneus that is reasonably easy to dissect but that is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"transverse fasciculus of the cuneus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"transverse occipital fasciculus of cuneus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1541","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"677","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventral occipital fasciculus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1541","cDefinition":"refers to a fiber tract in the cerebral white matter that is reasonably easy to dissect but that is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventral occipital fasciculus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1542","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"680","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"olfactory stalk - 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It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"amygdaloinsular fasciculus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1547","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"685","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"amygdalotemporal fasciculus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1547","cDefinition":"refers to a fiber pathway in the cerebral white matter that connects the amygdala with other parts of the temporal lobe. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"amygdalotemporal fasciculus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1548","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"686","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"periventricular layer","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1548","cDefinition":"refers to a substructure of the midbrain that is variously attributed to the superior colliculus and to the periaqueductal gray ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"periventricular layer","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous 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They include the decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle, the supramammillary commissure, the dorsal tegmental decussation and the ventral tegmental decussation ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"commissures of the midbrain","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"decussations of midbrain","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1559","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"701","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"forebrain commissures","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1559","cDefinition":"refers to a set of three or four fiber pathways that cross the midline of the endbrain. They include the anterior commissure, the corpus callosum and the hippocampal commissure ( Crosby-1962 ). Some authors distinguish the basal telencephalic commissure from the anterior commissure ( Lamantia-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"serabut komisur","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"commissures of the telencephalon","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"decussations of telencephalon","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"telencephalic commissures","synonymSource":"AIBS","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Institute for Brain Science","pubMedHits":"13"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"forebrain commissures","synonymSource":"Raybaud-2010","synonymSourceTitle":"The corpus callosum, the other great forebrain commissures, and the septum pellucidum: anatomy, development and malformation","pubMedHits":"87"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"cerebral commissures","synonymSource":"Lamantia-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Cytological and quantitative characteristics of four cerebral commissures in the rhesus monkey","pubMedHits":"42"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cerebral commissural fibers","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Neurofibrae commissurales","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Kommissurenfasern","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Kommissurenbahnen","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibre commissurali","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"спаечные нервные волокна","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"комиссуральные нервные волокна","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibras comisurales","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1560","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"703","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"commissure of Probst","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1560","cDefinition":"refers to a fiber pathway that connects the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus and the inferior colliculus of each side of the brain to the corresponding contralateral structure. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"commissure of Probst","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fibrae perforantes brachii conjunctivi","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1561","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"704","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"chiasmal ridge","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1561","cDefinition":"refers to a portion of the hypothalamus near the optic chiasm that contains crossing fibers of the dorsal supraoptic decussation and the ventral supraoptic decussation ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"chiasmal ridge","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1562","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"705","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"trigeminal cave","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1562","cDefinition":"refers to an invagination of the dura mater that contains the trigeminal ganglion of the trigeminal nerve. It is not part of the brain ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Meckel's cave","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"163"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"trigeminal cave","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Cavum trigeminale","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"тройничная полость","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1563","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"706","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"vertical occipital fasciculus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1563","cDefinition":"refers to one of the long association bundles of the cerebral white matter that connects the fusiform gyrus of the temporal lobe with the posterior part of the parietal lobe. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections ( Crosby-1962 ). Readily revealed by diffusion-weighted imaging and tractography, it is believed to provide a basis for communication between ventral stream regions involved in form perception and dorsal stream regions involved in eye movements and attention\" ( Yeatman-2014 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"vertical occipital fasciculus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral occipital fasciculus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"perpendicular fasciculus","synonymSource":"Yeatman-2014","synonymSourceTitle":"The vertical occiptial fasciculus: A century of controversy resolved by in vivo measuremetns","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculus occipitalis perpendicularis","synonymSource":"Yeatman-2014","synonymSourceTitle":"The vertical occiptial fasciculus: A century of controversy resolved by in vivo measuremetns","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculus rectus","synonymSource":"Yeatman-2014","synonymSourceTitle":"The vertical occiptial fasciculus: A century of controversy resolved by in vivo measuremetns","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Stratum posterius subcorticale","synonymSource":"Yeatman-2014","synonymSourceTitle":"The vertical occiptial fasciculus: A century of controversy resolved by in vivo measuremetns","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculus transversus occipitalis","synonymSource":"Yeatman-2014","synonymSourceTitle":"The vertical occiptial fasciculus: A century of controversy resolved by in vivo measuremetns","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"senkrechte Occipitalbündel","synonymSource":"Yeatman-2014","synonymSourceTitle":"The vertical occiptial fasciculus: A century of controversy resolved by in vivo measuremetns","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"faisceau occipital vertical","synonymSource":"Yeatman-2014","synonymSourceTitle":"The vertical occiptial fasciculus: A century of controversy resolved by in vivo measuremetns","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"faisceau perpendiculaire de la convexité","synonymSource":"Yeatman-2014","synonymSourceTitle":"The vertical occiptial fasciculus: A century of controversy resolved by in vivo measuremetns","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1564","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"707","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"thalamic commissure","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1564","cDefinition":"refers to an elaborate set of white and gray commissures that, in many species, connect nuclei of the thalamus with corresponding nuclei in the contralateral thalamus, including subnuclei of the anterior nuclear group, the midline nuclear group and the ventral nuclear group. It may correspond to the interthalamic adhesion of the primate ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"thalamic commissure","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"1"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1565","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"709","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"accessory olfactory bulb","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1565","cDefinition":"refers to a part of the olfactory bulb that receives input from the vomeronasal organ via the vomeronasal nerve. It has not been demonstrated in the human beyond the fetal stage of development ( Crosby-1962; Moran-1995 ). It is found in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"accessory olfactory bulb","synonymSource":"Moran-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Structure and function of the human vomeronasal organ","pubMedHits":"494"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"accessory olfactory bulb","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"494"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"accessory olfactory bulb","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"494"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"accessory olfactory bulb","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"494"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"paleocortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"2336","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2336","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"olfactory areas (rodent)","parentNeuroNamesId":"2867","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2867","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1566","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"710","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"vomeronasal organ","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1566","cDefinition":"refers to a receptor organ sensitive to pheromones that is located in the nasal mucosa of macrosmatic mammals. In the human it is found in the nasal septum, far from the origin of the olfactory nerve, which is beneath the cribriform plate high in the nasal cavity. In macrosmotic mammals the organ connects to the brain through the vomeronasal nerve to the accessory olfactory bulb. Connections to the brain have not been demonstrated morphologically in the human ( Moran-1995 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"vomeronasal organ","synonymSource":"Moran-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Structure and function of the human vomeronasal organ","pubMedHits":"989"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Jacobson's organ","synonymSource":"Moran-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Structure and function of the human vomeronasal organ","pubMedHits":"27"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"bulbus vomeronasalis","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Mozga Cheloveka (Atlas of the Human Brain)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"вомероназальная органа","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Mozga Cheloveka (Atlas of the Human Brain)","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1567","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"711","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"vomeronasal nerve","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1567","cDefinition":"refers to the nerve that connects the vomeronasal organ to the accessory olfactory bulb in macrosmatic mammals, such as the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). It and the terminal nerve form the vomeronasal-terminal nerve complex, which exists in the human fetus, but only up to the eighth month of gestation ( Moran-1995 ). Both are distinct from the olfactory nerve, which is found in both rodents and primates. (See also: accessory olfactory bulb.)","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"vomeronasal nerve","synonymSource":"Moran-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Structure and function of the human vomeronasal organ","pubMedHits":"82"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"nerve of Jocobson","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nervus vomeronasalis","synonymSource":"Moran-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Structure and function of the human vomeronasal organ","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"вомероназальный нерв","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Mozga Cheloveka (Atlas of the Human Brain)","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"craniospinal nerves","parentNeuroNamesId":"3004","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3004","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1568","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"712","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"vomeronasal-terminal nerve complex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1568","cDefinition":"refers to neural connections of the accessory olfactory bulb with the brain. The complex consists of two components, the vomeronasal nerve and the terminal nerve, which constitute a common bundle through part of their course ( Moran-1995 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"vomeronasal-terminal nerve complex","synonymSource":"Moran-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Structure and function of the human vomeronasal organ","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1569","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"714","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Fasciculus obliquus crucis cerebri","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1569","cDefinition":"refers to a variable group of fibers that run in or adjacent to the cerebral peduncle and that are not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculus of Fere","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculus obliquus crucis cerebri","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"Faisceau en echarpe de Fere","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1570","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"715","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Cingulum ammonale","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1570","cDefinition":"refers to the portion of the cingulum, a fiber pathway in the cerebral white matter, that connects the CA fields with the parahippocampal gyrus ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Cingulum ammonale","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1571","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"716","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ciliary body","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1571","cDefinition":"refers to the thickened portion of the vascular tunic of the eye connecting the choroid to the iris. It is not part of the brain ( Dorland-1974 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ciliary body","synonymSource":"Dorland-1974","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary","pubMedHits":"5687"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Corpus ciliaris","synonymSource":"Dorland-1974","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Corpus ciliare","synonymSource":"Dorland-1974","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary","pubMedHits":"3"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1572","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"717","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"trigeminal lemniscus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1572","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure that consists of the dorsal trigeminal tract and the ventral trigeminal tract ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"traktus trigeminotalamik","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"lemniskus trigeminus","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"trigeminal lemniscus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"trigeminothalamic tract","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"22"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal and ventral trigeminothalamic tracts","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"trigeminal lemniscus-1","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"trigeminothalamic tract-1","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"central trigeminal tract","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"quintothalamic tract","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"trigeminal tract","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"244"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lemniscus trigeminalis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus trigeminothalamicus","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibre trigeminotalamiche","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"proiezioni trigeminotalamiche","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"тройничная петля","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"тройнично-таламический путь","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1573","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"719","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal longitudinal fasciculus","standardAcronym":"dlf","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1573","cDefinition":"refers to a pathway containing fibers from nuclei of the hypothalamus that project to the dorsal tegmental nucleus and other regions of the midbrain and the pons, as well as fibers originating in the pontine reticular formation and the medullary reticular formation that project to the thalamus and other regions of the forebrain ( Carpenter-1983 ). In NeuroNames, it is a composite structure consisting of the dorsal longitudinal fasciculus of the hypothalamus, the dorsal longitudinal fasciculus of the midbrain, the dorsal longitudinal fasciculus of the pons and the dorsal longitudinal fasciculus of the medulla.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fasikel longitudinal dorsal","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fasikel longitudinalis dorsal","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal longitudinal fasciculus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"5"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"dorsal longitudinal fasciculus","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"5"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal longitudinal tract","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal longitudinal fasciculus of Schultze","synonymSource":"Ranson-1959","synonymSourceTitle":"The Anatomy Of The Nervous System: Its Development And Function","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal longitudinal fasciculus of Schutz","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"bundle of Schutz","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior longitudinal fasciculus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"periependymal fasciculus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"dorsal longitudinal fascicle","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"dorsal longitudinal fascicle","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculus longitudinalis posterior (Schutz)","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculus longitudinalis dorsalis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculus longitudinalis dorsalis (Schuetz)","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculus longitudinalis periependymalis","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus periependymalis longitudinalis","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculus periaquaeductalis","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculus tegmentalis dorsalis","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fibrae substantiae griseae centralis","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Schütz-Bündel","synonymSource":"Kahle-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"Taschenatlas der Anatomie
\r\nVolume 3: Nervensystem und Sinnesorgane","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsales Längsbündel","synonymSource":"Kahle-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"Taschenatlas der Anatomie
\r\nVolume 3: Nervensystem und Sinnesorgane","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"posteriores Längsbündel","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"hinteres Längesbündel","synonymSource":"Mai-2002","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fascicolo longitudinale dorsale (di Schutz)","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fascio longitudinale dorsale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"дорсальный продольный пучок","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"верхний продольный пучок","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"задний продольный пучок","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"fascículo longitudinal dorsal","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"haz dorsal longitudinal","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"midbrain related medial forebrain bundle system","parentNeuroNamesId":"3032","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3032","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1574","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"720","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"pretectal area (Crosby)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1574","cDefinition":"refers to scattered neurons within the region of transition between the caudal portion of the interbrain and the tectum of the midbrain ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"daerah pratektum","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"pretectal area","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"123"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"pretectal area (Crosby)","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1575","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"721","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"principal olivary nucleus (Martinez)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1575","cDefinition":"refers to a group of nerve cells in the superior olive ( Anthoney-1994 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"principal olivary nucleus (Martinez)","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1576","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"722","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Forel's Field H1+H2 (Olszewski)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1576","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure within the subthalamus that consists of the field H1 and the field H2 ( Olszewski-1952 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Forel's Field H1+H2 (Olszewski)","synonymSource":"Olszewski-1952","synonymSourceTitle":"The Thalamus Of The Macaca mulatta: An Atlas For Use With The Stereotaxic Instrument","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1577","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"723","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus principalis nervi oculomotorii","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1577","cDefinition":"refers to all of the nuclei of the oculomotor nuclear complex of the midbrain with the exception of the caudal central oculomotor nucleus ( Oertel-1969 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Nucleus principalis nervi oculomotorii","synonymSource":"Oertel-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"Zur zyto- und myeloarchitektonik des Rhombencephalon des Rhesusaffen (Macaca mulatta Zimmerman)","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1578","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"724","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial parietal gyrus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1578","cDefinition":"refers to a structure of the medial surface of the parietal lobe in the human that is not the same as the Gyrus parietalis medialis (Winters), a structure on the lateral surface of the parietal lobe in the Macaca nemestrina. Neither structure is clearly coincident with any structure in the NeuroNames hierarchy ( Roberts-1970 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial parietal gyrus","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus parietalis medialis","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1579","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"725","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Cingulum limitans","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1579","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cingulum that includes all of that structure except the portion termed the Cingulum ammonale ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Cingulum limitans","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1580","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"726","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterior perforated substance","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1580","cDefinition":"refers to the ventromedial portion of the midbrain tegmentum that is penetrated by an extensive plexus of blood vessels. It includes part of the interpeduncular nucleus ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"substansi perforata posterior","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"interpeduncular perforated substance","synonymSource":"Williams-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"The Human Brain: Dissections of the Real Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior perforated substance","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior perforated space","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"substantia perforata posterior (Tarini)","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Substantia perforata posterior","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Substantia perforata posterior","synonymSource":"Oertel-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"Zur zyto- und myeloarchitektonik des Rhombencephalon des Rhesusaffen (Macaca mulatta Zimmerman)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Substantia perforata interpeduncularis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Substantia perforata intercruralis","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"substance perforée postérieure","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"заднее продырявленное пространство","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"вещество Тарини","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"заднее продырявленное вещество","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1581","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"727","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterior cortical nucleus of the amygdala - obsolete","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1581","cDefinition":"","parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1582","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"728","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial nucleus of the amygdala (Amaral)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1582","cDefinition":"refers to one of two subdivisions of the medial amygdalar nucleus. The more caudal subdivision, it is distinguished on the basis of cytoarchitecture from the more rostral subdivision, the anterior cortical nucleus of the amygdala ( Amaral-1992 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"medial nucleus of the amygdala (Amaral)","synonymSource":"Amaral-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomical organization of the primate amygdaloid complex","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1583","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"736","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial lemniscus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1583","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure containing the fiber tracts that project from the cuneate nucleus of the medulla and the gracile nucleus to the ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus ( Carpenter-1983 ). In NeuroNames it consists of the medial lemniscus of the midbrain, the medial lemniscus of the pons and the medial lemniscus of the medulla.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"lemniskus medial","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"medial lemniscus (Reil)","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial lemniscus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"275"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"medial lemniscus","synonymSource":"Szabo-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"A stereotaxic atlas of the brain of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)","pubMedHits":"275"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"medial lemniscus","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"275"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"median fillet","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Reil's band","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Reil's ribbon","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lemniscus medialis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"25"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lemniscus sensibilis","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Lemniscus sensitivus","synonymSource":"Oertel-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"Zur zyto- und myeloarchitektonik des Rhombencephalon des Rhesusaffen (Macaca mulatta Zimmerman)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Laqueus medialis","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Mesial fillet","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus bulbo-thalamicus","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"mediale Schleife","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"lemniscus médial","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"внутренние дуговые волокна","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"медиальная петля","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"осязательная петля","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"lemnisco medial","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"dorsal column","parentNeuroNamesId":"2681","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2681","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1584","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"737","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"central gray","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1584","cDefinition":"refers to the central core of gray matter that borders the cerebral ventricles throughout the midbrain and hindbrain ( Carpenter-1983 ). Classically it includes the periaqueductal gray, the pontine central gray and the central gray of the medulla. Some authors now consider it to extend the full length of the cerebrospinal trunk ( Swanson-2004 ). By that definition the central gray extends rostrally to include the epithalamus and posterior hypothalamic area of the interbrain and caudally to include the spinal central gray. Functionally it is, by either definition, part of the behavior control column of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"central gray substance","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"57"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"central gray","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"1200"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"central grey","synonymSource":"AIBS","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Institute for Brain Science","pubMedHits":"333"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Substantia grisea centralis","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"49"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Griseum periventriculare","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"12"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Griseum centrale","synonymSource":"Olszewski-1952","synonymSourceTitle":"The Thalamus Of The Macaca mulatta: An Atlas For Use With The Stereotaxic Instrument","pubMedHits":"72"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Stratum griseum centrale","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"57"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"zentrales Höhlengrau","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"sostanza grigia centrale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"центральное серое слой","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"центральное серое вещество","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"subcortical motor system","parentNeuroNamesId":"2876","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2876","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1585","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"738","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"grey commissure","standardAcronym":"GC","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1585","cDefinition":"refers to the transition of central gray of the medulla into the gray matter surrounding the central canal of the spinal cord ( Smith-1972 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"grey commissure","synonymSource":"Smith-1972","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Brainstem For Macaca mulatta In The Sitting Position","pubMedHits":"11"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Nucleus substantia grisea dorsalis","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Substantia gliosa centralis","synonymSource":"Oertel-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"Zur zyto- und myeloarchitektonik des Rhombencephalon des Rhesusaffen (Macaca mulatta Zimmerman)","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1586","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"740","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral somatic cell columns","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1586","cDefinition":"refers to the dorsal oculomotor nucleus, the intermediate oculomotor nucleus, the medial oculomotor nucleus and the ventral oculomotor nucleus ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral somatic cell columns","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral oculomotor nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral nucleus of oculomotor nerve","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"colonna cellulare laterale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"colonne cellulari somatiche laterali","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"columnas celulares somáticas laterales","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1587","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"741","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"visceral oculomotor nuclei","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1587","cDefinition":"refers to the anterior median oculomotor nucleus, the central oculomotor nucleus and the parvocellular oculomotor nucleus ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"visceral oculomotor nuclei","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nuclei viscerali dell'oculomotore","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nuclei viscerali","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"núcleos viscerales del complejo oculomotor","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1588","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"743","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial longitudinal fasciculus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1588","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure ( Carpenter-1983 ) that consists of the medial longitudinal fasciculus of the midbrain, the medial longitudinal fasciculus of the pons, the medial longitudinal fasciculus of the medulla and the medial longitudinal fasciculus of the spinal cord. It includes fibers of the medial vestibulospinal tract","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fasikel longitudinal medial","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"FLM","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"MLF","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial longitudinal fasciculus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"432"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"medial longitudinal fasciculus","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"432"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"medial longitudinal fascicle","synonymSource":"Szabo-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"A stereotaxic atlas of the brain of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)","pubMedHits":"82"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"medial longitudinal fascicle","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"82"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial longitudinal bundle","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculus longitudinalis medialis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"44"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Fasciculus longitudinalis medialis","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"44"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus longitudinalis medialis","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Tractus longitudinalis medialis","synonymSource":"Oertel-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"Zur zyto- und myeloarchitektonik des Rhombencephalon des Rhesusaffen (Macaca mulatta Zimmerman)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculus commissurae posterioris","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculus longitudinalis dorsalis (Riley)","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculus longitudinalis posterior (posticus)","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"mediale Längsbündel","synonymSource":"Kahle-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"Taschenatlas der Anatomie
\r\nVolume 3: Nervensystem und Sinnesorgane","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"mediales Längesbündel","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fascicolo longitudinale mediale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"FLM","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"медиальный продольный пучок","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"fascículo longitudinal medial","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"oculomotor nerve","parentNeuroNamesId":"488","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=488","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1589","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"744","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"spinal trigeminal tract","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1589","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure ( Carpenter-1983 ), which in NeuroNames consists of the spinal trigeminal tract of the pons and the spinal trigeminal tract of the medulla.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"traktus spinal saraf V","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"traktus spinal saraf trigeminus","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"traktus trigeminus spinal","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"spinal trigeminal tract","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"150"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"spinal trigeminal tract","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"150"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"spinal trigeminal tract","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"150"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"spinal tract of trigeminal nerve","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"spinal tract of trigeminal nerve","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"spinal V tract","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"5"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"descending root of V","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"descending tract of trigeminal","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"spinal root of trigeminal","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"tract of descending root of trigeminal","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"trigeminospinal tract","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus spinalis nervi trigemini","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"13"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Tractus spinalis nervi trigemini","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"13"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus spinalis nervi trigeminalis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1989","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"tratto spinale del N. V","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"proiezioni trigeminospinali","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"tratto trigeminale spinale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"tratto discendente del nervo trigemino","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"спинномозговой путь тройничного нерва","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"haz trigeminoespinal","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"sensory root of the trigeminal nerve","parentNeuroNamesId":"1403","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1403","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1590","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"745","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"tuberohypophysial tract","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1590","cDefinition":"refers to fibers originating in the intermediate hypothalamic region, particularly the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, that project to the median eminence and the infundibular stem ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"traktus tuberohipofisial","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"tuberohypophysial tract","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"tuberohypophyseal tract","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"tuberoinfundibular tract","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"6"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus paraventriculohypophysialis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus paraventriculo-hypophyseus","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus tubero-hypophyseus","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus tuberoinfundibularis","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"tratto tuberoipofisario","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"tratto tuberoinfundibolare","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"паравентрикулярно-гипофизарный путь","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1591","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"746","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"hypothalamohypophyseal tract","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1591","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure of the hypothalamus. It is composed of the tuberohypophysial tract and the supraopticohypophysial tract ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"traktus hippotalamohipofisial","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"traktus supraoptikohipofisial","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"hypothalamohypophyseal tract","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"hypothalamo-hypophysial tract","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"9"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus hypothalamo-hypophysealis","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"гипоталамо-гипофизарный путь","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1592","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"747","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"pontomedullary junction","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1592","cDefinition":"refers to the boundary of the pons and the medulla where the abducens nerve, the facial nerve and the vestibulocochlear nerve join the hindbrain ( Anthoney-1994 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"pontomedullary junction","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"93"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"giunzione bulbopontina","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1593","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"748","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"periventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1593","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of the hypothalamus that consists of the preoptic periventricular nucleus, the intermediate periventricular nucleus and the posterior periventricular nucleus ( Saper-1990 ). See also anteroventral periventricular nucleus.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"periventricular nucleus of hypothalamus","synonymSource":"Saper-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Hypothalamus","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"periventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"periventricular nucleus of hypothalamus","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"periventricular hypothalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"61"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"periventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"periventrikulären Kerne des Hypothalamus","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nuclei periventricolari","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1594","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"749","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal periventricular nucleus - obsolete","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1594","cDefinition":"","parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1595","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"750","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventral periventricular nucleus - obsolete","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1595","cDefinition":"","parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1596","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"752","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"tapetum","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1596","cDefinition":"refers to the continuation of a fiber tract from the corpus callosum into the cerebral white matter of the occipital lobe. It is part of the geniculocalcarine radiation which extends lateral to the lateral ventricle ( Mai-1997 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"tapetum","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"210"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"tapetum","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"390"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tapetum","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"390"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"tapetum","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"tapetum","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"покров (заднего рога латеральных желудочков)","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"tapetum","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1597","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"758","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"true isocortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1597","cDefinition":"refers to one of two types of neocortex. It is composed of the typical six layered cytoarchitecture of neocortex. The other type is proisocortex. Defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture, true isocortex is located predominantly in the frontal lobe, the temporal lobe, the parietal lobe, and the occipital lobe; it is present also in parts of the cingulate gyrus, the parahippocampal gyrus and the insula ( Stephan-1975; Zilles-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"true isocortex","synonymSource":"Stephan-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"The allocortex in primates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Isocortex maturus","synonymSource":"Stephan-1976","synonymSourceTitle":"Vergleichende Anatomie des Allocortex","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"neocortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"2314","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2314","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1598","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"759","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"allocortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1598","cDefinition":"refers to one of two types of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and fetal development. The other is neocortex. Allocortex does not pass through a prenatal phase of six-layered structure and has three or four layers in the mature brain ( Schiebler-1999 ). Allocortex has three subtypes: paleocortex, archicortex and periallocortex. This definition differs from that in some older sources, which excluded the olfactory bulb and the accessory olfactory bulb ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"allocortex (Stephan)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"allocortex","synonymSource":"Zilles-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Cortex","pubMedHits":"111"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"heterogenetic formations","synonymSource":"Garey-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Brodmann's 'Localisation in the Cerebral Cortex'","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"heterogenetic cortex","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"non-isocortical areas","synonymSource":"Cavada-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"The anatomical connections of the macaque monkey orbitofrontal cortex: A review","pubMedHits":"6"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"nonisocortical areas","synonymSource":"Cavada-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"The anatomical connections of the macaque monkey orbitofrontal cortex: A review","pubMedHits":"6"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Allocortex","synonymSource":"Stephan-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Allocortex","pubMedHits":"111"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Allocortex (Stephan)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"heterogenetische Formationen","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"corteza heterogénetica","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"alocorteza","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"área heterogénetica","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1599","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"760","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"semicortex (Rose)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1599","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of paleocortex based on cytoarchitecture that includes all components of the paleocortex except the anterior olfactory nucleus ( Stephan-1975 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"semicortex (Rose)","synonymSource":"Stephan-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Allocortex","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1600","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"778","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"septal region (Swanson)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1600","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure of the endbrain in the rat that consists of the septum, the septohippocampal nucleus and the subfornical organ ( Swanson-1992 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"daerah septum","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"septal region (Swanson)","synonymSource":"Swanson-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure Of The Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1601","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"780","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"precommissural septum (Crosby)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1601","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of the endbrain that includes the septal nuclei, the subcallosal gyrus and the portion of paraterminal gyrus adjacent to the lamina terminalis ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"precommissural septum (Crosby)","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1602","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"787","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"extended amygdala","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1602","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure of the endbrain that is defined by connectivity and neurochemical staining. It includes the central amygdalar nucleus and a portion of the corticomedial nuclear group of the amygdala, the portion of substantia innominata just beneath the globus pallidus and putamen, the medial portion of nucleus accumbens, and the nucleus of stria terminalis ( Heimer-1995 ). The boundaries are indistinct in Nissl stained sections.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"extended amygdala","synonymSource":"Heimer-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"The Human Brain and Spinal Cord: Functional Neuroanatomy and Dissection Guide","pubMedHits":"277"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1603","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"789","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"striatopallidal system","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1603","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure of the endbrain that is defined by connectivity and neurochemical staining. It is composed of the dorsal striatum, the dorsal pallidum, the ventral striatum and the ventral pallidum ( Heimer-1995 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"striatopallidal system","synonymSource":"Heimer-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"The Human Brain and Spinal Cord: Functional Neuroanatomy and Dissection Guide","pubMedHits":"36"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1604","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"790","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal pallidum","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1604","cDefinition":"refers to the predominant portion of the globus pallidus in the striatopallidal system, which is defined by connectivity and neurochemical staining. The dorsal pallidum is distinguished from the ventral pallidum by a boundary that is partially defined by the anterior commissure. The remainder of the boundary is indistinct in sections stained for Nissl substance ( Heimer-1995 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal pallidum","synonymSource":"Heimer-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"The Human Brain and Spinal Cord: Functional Neuroanatomy and Dissection Guide","pubMedHits":"40"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1605","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"791","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventral pallidum","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1605","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure primarily of forebrain with arguable extension into the midbrain. It is part of the striatopallidal system, which is defined on the basis of neurochemistry and connectivity. It includes the portions of the globus pallidus and the substantia innominata located ventral to the anterior commissure; it extends into the olfactory tubercle and, in some respects, pars reticulata of the substantia nigra. Its boundary with the dorsal pallidum is indistinct in sections stained for Nissl substance ( Heimer-1995 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"ventral pallidum (Heimer)","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventral pallidum","synonymSource":"Heimer-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"The Human Brain and Spinal Cord: Functional Neuroanatomy and Dissection Guide","pubMedHits":"697"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Pallidum ventrale","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"pallidum ventral","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1606","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"804","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Subregio praecingularis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1606","cDefinition":"refers to a composite cytoarchitecturally defined portion of the cingulate region. It is a composite substructure that includes the areas of the region that lack a well developed internal granular layer (IV). Its boundary with the Subregio postcingularis is located at about the anterior-posterior level of the central sulcus. It includes the area 25 of Brodmann (human), the area 33 of Brodmann, the area 32 of Brodmann (human) and the area 24 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Subregio praecingularis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1607","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"805","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Subregio postcingularis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1607","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of the cingulate region. It is defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture to include the areas of that region with a well developed internal granular layer (IV). Its boundary with the Subregio praecingularis is located at about the anterior-posterior level of the central sulcus. It is composed of the area 31 of Brodmann (human) and the area 23 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Subregio postcingularis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1608","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"806","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Area infraradiata dorsalis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1608","cDefinition":"refers to one of two subdivisions of the area 24 of Brodmann (human). The other is the Area medioradiata ( Stephan-1975 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area infraradiata dorsalis","synonymSource":"Stephan-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Allocortex","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1609","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"809","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"descending terminal ramus (human)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1609","cDefinition":"refers to a branch from the posterior limb of the lateral fissure where it joins the posterior ascending limb of the lateral fissure (human) ( Ono-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"descending terminal ramus","synonymSource":"Ono-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1610","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"810","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial precentral sulcus (human)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1610","cDefinition":"refers to a superficial feature of the frontal lobe that extends from the dorsal surface onto the medial surface of the superior frontal gyrus ( Ono-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial precentral sulcus","synonymSource":"Ono-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1611","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"811","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"superior parietal sulcus (human)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1611","cDefinition":"refers to a superficial feature of the parietal lobe that extends from the dorsal surface of the superior parietal lobule across the margin of the parietal lobe into the precuneus ( Ono-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superior parietal sulcus","synonymSource":"Ono-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1612","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"812","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"semiannular sulcus","standardAcronym":"sals","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1612","cDefinition":"refers to a superficial feature of the parahippocampal gyrus in the human. It is a depression located at the boundary between the entorhinal area and the periamygdalar area. Thus, it marks the dorsal boundary of the uncus, which is the surface of the most rostral parts of the entorhinal area and hippocampal formation ( Mai-1997 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"semiannular sulcus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"amygdaloid sulcus","synonymSource":"Amaral-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomical organization of the primate amygdaloid complex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"semiannular fissure","synonymSource":"Yilmazer-Hanke-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Amygdala","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"amygdaloid fissure","synonymSource":"Yilmazer-Hanke-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Amygdala","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus semiannularis","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"1"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1613","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"813","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"sulcus of the preoccipital incisura (human)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1613","cDefinition":"refers to a small sulcus in the preoccipital notch that extends to the occipitotemporal sulcus ( Mai-1997 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"sulcus of the preoccipital incisura","synonymSource":"Ono-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1614","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"814","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"frontomarginal sulcus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1614","cDefinition":"refers to a superficial feature of the human frontal lobe; it is located at the rostral margin of the orbital surface of the lobe ( Ono-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"frontomarginal sulcus","synonymSource":"Ono-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus fronto-marginalis","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon frontomarginal","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1615","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"815","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"frontomarginal gyrus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1615","cDefinition":"refers to the part of the lateral orbital gyrus nearest the frontal pole in the human; it is bounded laterally by the frontomarginal sulcus ( Mai-1997 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"frontomarginal gyrus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus frontomarginalis","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"gyrus frontomarginal","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1616","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"816","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"marginal precentral sulcus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1616","cDefinition":"refers to a superficial feature of the frontal lobe. It is a short horizontal groove found in 30% of human brains. Parallel to the longitudinal fissure, it is located within the superior frontal gyrus just anterior to the central sulcus and dorsal to the superior precentral sulcus ( Ono-1990 ). Equivalent features are not found in the macaque or in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"marginal precentral sulcus","synonymSource":"Ono-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1617","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"817","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"intermediate precentral sulcus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1617","cDefinition":"refers to a short sulcus found in 14% of human brains. Rostral and parallel to the central sulcus, it separates the precentral gyrus from the middle frontal gyrus ( Ono-1990 ). It is not present in the macaque or rodents.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"intermediate precentral sulcus","synonymSource":"Ono-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1618","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"818","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial frontal sulcus (human)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1618","cDefinition":"refers to a sulcus found in 68% of human brains. Parallel to the longitudinal fissure and the superior frontal sulcus it is located within the superior frontal gyrus anterior to the, also variably present, marginal precentral sulcus ( Ono-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial frontal sulcus","synonymSource":"Ono-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"sulcus frontalis intermedius","synonymSource":"Szikla-1977","synonymSourceTitle":"Angiography Of The Human Brain Cortex: Atlas of Vascular Patterns and Stereotactic Cortical Localization","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1619","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"820","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"stem of the lateral fissure","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1619","cDefinition":"refers to the rostral-most portion of the lateral fissure where the frontal lobe and the temporal lobe come together and rostral to sites where other sulci, rami and limbs join the lateral fissure. In the human these include the anterior horizontal limb of the lateral fissure (human), the anterior ascending limb of the lateral fissure (human) and the posterior limb of the lateral fissure ( Ono-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"stem of the lateral sulcus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"stem of the lateral fissure","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"stem of Sylvian fissure","synonymSource":"Ono-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"segment antérieur de la scissure latéral","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"scissure latéral, segment antérieur","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1620","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"821","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"accessory oculomotor nuclei","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1620","cDefinition":"refers to a group of nuclei in the midbrain tegmentum: the interstitial nucleus of Cajal, the nucleus of Darkshevich and the nucleus of the posterior commissure ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nukleus okulomotor aksesori (Edinger-Westphal)","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"accessory oculomotor nuclei","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"20"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus oculomotorius accessorius","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nuclei oculomotori accessori","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"добавочное ядро глазодвигательного нерва","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"парасимпатическое ядро глазодвигательного нерва","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1621","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"827","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"supraoptic region","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1621","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure in the anterior hypothalamic region that represents an alternate subdivision of the hypothalamus. It includes the anterior hypothalamic area, the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the supraoptic nucleus and the supraoptic crest ( Carpenter-1983, Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"supraoptic region","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"7"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"supraoptic region of hypothalamus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"supraoptic level of hypothalamus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"chiasmal level of hypothalamus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior region (hypothalamus)","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"regione sopraottica","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"zona sopraottica","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1622","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"829","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"tuberculum cinereum","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1622","cDefinition":"refers to a superficial feature of the medulla, a protruberance on the posterior aspect thereof ( Anthoney-1994 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"tuberculum cinereum","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1623","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"830","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"intermediate olfactory tract","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1623","cDefinition":"refers to nerve fibers long thought to project from the olfactory bulb to midline structures of the endbrain ( Carpenter-1983 ). It is now known that in mammals all fibers from the olfactory bulb reach other parts of the brain through the olfactory tract ( Price-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"stria olfaktori intermedia","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"intermediate olfactory stria","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"intermediate olfactory tract","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Stria intermedia olfactoria","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus olfactorius internus","synonymSource":"Stephan-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Allocortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus olfactorius intermedius","synonymSource":"Stephan-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Allocortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"stria intermediale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1624","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"885","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"central densicellular nucleus","standardAcronym":"Cdc","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1624","cDefinition":"refers to one of five midline nuclei of the thalamus as defined in Olszewski-1952. The other nuclei in the group are the Nucleus centralis latocellularis, the Nucleus centralis inferior thalami, the Nucleus centralis superior thalami, and the Nucleus centralis intermedialis. Together they constitute the central medial nucleus and the rhomboidal nucleus.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"central densicellular nucleus","synonymSource":"Ilinsky-1987","synonymSourceTitle":"Sagittal cytoarchitectonic maps of the Macaca mulatta thalamus with a revised nomenclature of the motor-related nuclei validated by observations on their connectivity","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Nucleus centralis densocellularis","synonymSource":"Olszewski-1952","synonymSourceTitle":"The Thalamus Of The Macaca mulatta: An Atlas For Use With The Stereotaxic Instrument","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Nucleus centralis densicellularis","synonymSource":"Ilinsky-2002","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereotactic Atlas of the Macaca mulatta Thalamus and Adjacent Basal Ganglia Nuclei","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1625","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"900","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"cortical maps","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1625","cDefinition":"refers to diagrams showing segmentation of the cerebral cortex on the basis of various criteria, such as cytoarchitecture, myeloarchitecture and connectivity. Several maps of human cortex are presented in Zilles-1990 together with a table showing equivalent structures in maps by different authors. The maps are also presented in Stephan-1975 and Van Buren-1972.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"cortical maps","synonymSource":"Zilles-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Cortex","pubMedHits":"288"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"areal maps of cortex","synonymSource":"Zilles-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cytoarchitectural fields of cerebral cortex","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"mapas de la corteza","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1626","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"912","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"cauda equina","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1626","cDefinition":"refers to the collection of nerve roots that extend from the medullary cone of the spinal cord to their exits from the spinal canal ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"ekor kuda","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"kauda akina","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Cauda equina","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"2756"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Pferdeschwanz","synonymSource":"Kahle-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"Taschenatlas der Anatomie
\r\nVolume 3: Nervensystem und Sinnesorgane","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Pferdeschweif","synonymSource":"Schultze-1993","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomisches Wörterbuch","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"cauda equina","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"cola de caballo","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"cauda equina","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1627","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"913","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medullary cone","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1627","cDefinition":"refers to a surface feature of the spinal cord identified by dissection. Found in all vertebrates, it is the conical termination of the spinal cord. It extends from the border of the lumboscral enlargement to the terminal filament ( Carpenter-1983, Lockhart-1959, Swanson-2014 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"konus medular","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"conus medullaris","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"terminal cone of spinal cord","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"conus","synonymSource":"Bowen-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Vascular anatomy and disorders of the lumbar spine and spinal cord.","pubMedHits":"2188"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"medullary cone","synonymSource":"Swanson-2014","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomical Terminology: A Lexicon of Classical Origins and Historical Foundations","pubMedHits":"67"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Conus medullaris","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"695"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Conus terminalis","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"14"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"cono midollare","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"cono medular","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"spinal cord","parentNeuroNamesId":"855","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=855","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1628","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"914","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"propriospinal tracts","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1628","cDefinition":"refers to collections of nerve fibers, ascending, descending, crossed and uncrossed, that interconnect various levels of the spinal cord. They are located in the white columns of the spinal cord where the columns meet the spinal central gray. Shorter fibers are located closer and longer fibers further from the gray. The tracts include the ventral propriospinal tract, the lateral propriospinal tract and the dorsal propriospinal tract ( Carpenter-1983 ). Some authors include the semilunar tract in this category ( Jastrow-2007 ). A few other fibers intrinsic to the cord run in the dorsolateral fasciculus of the spinal cord and the septomarginal tract ( Schoenen-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"traktus spinospinal","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"traktus propriospinal","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fasikel murni","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fasikel proper","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"spinospinal columns","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"fundamental columns","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"spinospinal tract","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"proprius bundles of cord","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"fasciculus proprius","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"propriospinal pathways","synonymSource":"Schoenen-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Spinal Cord: Connections","pubMedHits":"12"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ground bundles","synonymSource":"Schoenen-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Spinal Cord: Connections","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"propriospinal tracts","synonymSource":"Scholarpedia","synonymSourceTitle":"Encyclopedia of computational neuroscience","pubMedHits":"13"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculi proprii","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculus proprius","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Grundbündel","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fascicoli spinospinali","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fascicoli propi","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"fascículos propios","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1629","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"915","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"terminal filament","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1629","cDefinition":".refers to a strand of connective tissue identified by dissection in vertebrates. Surrounded by the cauda equina, it extends from the end of the spinal cord to the lower end of the spinal canal. ( Carpenter-1983 ). Historically it was believed to be a nerve or an intertwined pair of nerves, hence the obsolete synonym 'unpaired nerve' ( Swanson-2014 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"filum terminal","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"unpaired nerve","synonymSource":"Swanson-2014","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomical Terminology: A Lexicon of Classical Origins and Historical Foundations","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"terminal filament","synonymSource":"Swanson-2014","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomical Terminology: A Lexicon of Classical Origins and Historical Foundations","pubMedHits":"65"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"terminal filum","synonymSource":"Hirada-2014","synonymSourceTitle":"Intraspinal lesions associated with sacrococcygeal dimples.","pubMedHits":"48"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Filum terminale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"378"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"nervous impar","synonymSource":"Stedman-1957","synonymSourceTitle":"Stedman's Medical Dictionary","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"filum terminale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"терминальная нить","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"filum terminale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"spinal cord","parentNeuroNamesId":"855","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=855","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1630","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"916","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterior cornucommissural nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1630","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells located in the spinal cord along the medial surface of the anterior gray column and anterior gray commissure ( Carpenter-1983 ).\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior cornucommissural nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus cornucommissuralis anterior","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"núcleo cornucomisural anterior","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1631","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"917","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterior cornucommissural nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1631","cDefinition":"refers to a thin band of cells along the medial margin of the posterior gray column and the dorsal gray commissure of the spinal cord; it lies over the thoracic column ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior cornucommissural nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus cornucommissuralis posterior","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"núcleo cornucomisural posterior","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1632","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"918","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus pericornualis anterior","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1632","cDefinition":"refers to layers of cells along the lateral and medial borders of the anterior gray column in thoracic segments, lumbar segments and sacral segments of the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nukleus perikornual anterior","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus pericornualis anterior","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1633","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"919","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"proper sensory nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1633","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the spinal central gray; it occupies the portion of the posterior gray column that corresponds to lamina III and lamina IV ( Carpenter-1983 ). In the functional model of central nervous system organization it is classified as part of the subcortical somatosensory system ( Swanson-2004 ) (see Models Where It Appears below).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nukleus sensorik proper","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nukleus proprius","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"proper sensory nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Nucleus proprius of the spinal cord","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"nucleus proprius","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"69"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus proprius dorsalis","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus proprius cornu dorsalis","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus proprius columnae posterioris","synonymSource":"Jastrow-2007","synonymSourceTitle":"Histologischer Atlas im Internet","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Mixed","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus proprius of posterior horn","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo proprio del corno dorsale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo sensorio proprio","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"núcleo propio cornudorsal","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"núcleo propio dorsal","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"núcleo sensorial propio","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"gray spinal laminae","parentNeuroNamesId":"1703","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1703","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"subcortical somatosensory system","parentNeuroNamesId":"3349","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3349","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1634","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"920","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus proprius of the anterior horn","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1634","cDefinition":"refers to a group of nerve cells that extends from lamina VII into the anterior gray column of the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus proprius ventralis","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus proprius cornu ventralis","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Mixed","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus proprius of the anterior horn","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1635","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"921","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lamina II","standardAcronym":"II","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1635","cDefinition":"refers to the second most superficial layer of the posterior gray column of the spinal central gray. It extends the length of the cord but is especially large in the cervical enlargement and the lumbar enlargement ( Carpenter-1983; Jastrow-2007 ). In the functional model of central nervous system organization it is classified as part of the subcortical somatosensory system ( Swanson-2004 ) (see Models Where It Appears below).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"gelatinous substance","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"22"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Rexed's lamina II","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lamina II","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"598"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"gelatinous substance of posterior horn of spinal cord","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Rolando's substance ","synonymSource":"Schoenen-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Spinal Cord: Connections","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"substantia gelatinosa of the spinal cord","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Substantia gelatinosa","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"712"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Substantia gelatinosa of Rolando","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lamina spinalis II","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lamina 2","synonymSource":"Jastrow-2007","synonymSourceTitle":"Histologischer Atlas im Internet","pubMedHits":"34"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"sostanza gelatinosa","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"lamina II","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"студенистое вещество","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"желатинозная субстанция","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Mozga Cheloveka (Atlas of the Human Brain)","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"sustancia gelatinosa","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"lámina II","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"gray spinal laminae","parentNeuroNamesId":"1703","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1703","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"subcortical somatosensory system","parentNeuroNamesId":"3349","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3349","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1637","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"924","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterior gray commissure","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1637","cDefinition":"refers to the part of the gray commissure anterior to the central canal of the spinal cord ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior gray commissure","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventral gray commissure of cord","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventral gray commissure","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"comisura gris","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1638","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"925","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterior horn nuclei","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1638","cDefinition":"refers to the nuclei located in the anterior gray column of the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior horn nuclei","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior horn nuclear group","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"motor nucleus of spinal cord","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus motorii lateralis","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1991","synonymSourceTitle":"Core Text of Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Vorderhorn","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"corno grigio anteriore","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"передний рог спинного мозга","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"передний столб спинного мозга","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"núcleos motores laterales","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1639","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"926","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterior median fissure of the spinal cord","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1639","cDefinition":"refers to the deep midline furrow on the anterior surface of the spinal cord; it contains the anterior spinal artery and vein ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fisur anterior median","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior median fissure of the spinal cord","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fissura mediana anteriore","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"cisura media anterior","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"surco medio anterior","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"spinal cord","parentNeuroNamesId":"855","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=855","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1640","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"927","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterior spinothalamic tract","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1640","cDefinition":"refers to a bundle of fibers that originates from neurons in the spinal central gray, decussates in the anterior white commissure at various levels of the spinal cord and ascends contralaterally in the anterior white column and the anterior part of the lateral white column. A number of of its fibers terminate in the medulla. Those remaining merge with the lateral spinothalamic tract of the medulla to form the spinothalamic tract of the medulla ( Carpenter-1983 ). The anterior spinothalamic tract consists of the anterior spinothalamic tract of the spinal cord and the anterior spinothalamic tract of the medulla.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"traktus spinotalamik anterior","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior spinothalamic tract","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"ventral spinothalamic tract","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"ventral spinothalamic tract","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus spinothalamicus anterior","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus spinothalamicus ventralis","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus spinothalamicus medialis","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"tratto spinotalamico anteriore","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"haz espinotalámico anterior","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"spinothalamic tract","parentNeuroNamesId":"2058","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2058","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1641","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"928","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterior white commissure","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1641","cDefinition":"refers to a bundle of myelinated fibers that cross the midline of the spinal cord just below the central canal of the spinal cord ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"komisur putih anterior","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior white commissure","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventral white commissure of cord","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Commissura alba","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"comisura blanca anterior","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"spinal white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"2642","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2642","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1642","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"929","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterolateral corticospinal tract","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1642","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the corticospinal tract in the spinal cord. It is formed by approximately 2% of the corticospinal fibers that do not cross to the opposite side of the brainstem in the pyramidal decussation. This tract descends in the lateral white column anterior to the lateral corticospinal tract ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"traktus kortikospinal lateral","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterolateral corticospinal tract","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterolateral corticospinal tract of Barnes","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibres pyramidales homolaterales superficelles of Dejerine","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"uncrossed lateral corticospinal tract","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"tratto corticospinale anterolaterale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"haz corticoespinal lateral directo","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1643","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"930","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterolateral white column","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1643","cDefinition":"refers to a fiber bundle of the spinal cord variously defined as including either all or parts of the anterior white column and lateral white column ( Anthoney-1994 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"funikel anterolateral","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterolateral funiculus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"16"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterolateral white column","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Vorderseitenstrang","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1644","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"931","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterolateral sulcus of the spinal cord","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1644","cDefinition":"refers to a furrow located on the anterolateral surface of the spinal cord between the anterior white column and the lateral white column, where the ventral root fibers exit the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"sulkus anterolateral","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterolateral sulcus of the spinal cord","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"spinal cord","parentNeuroNamesId":"855","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=855","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1646","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"933","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"basal operculum","standardAcronym":"BOp","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1646","cDefinition":"refers to the part of the frontal lobe that overlies part of the most rostral portion of the insula in the human. Defined on the basis of dissection, it is the part of the frontal lobe separated from the underlying insula by the ventral part of the anterior limiting sulcus ( Ture-1999 ). It is composed of caudal lips of the orbital gyri ( Mai-2004 ). It is one of three parts of the opercular cortex in humans. The others are the frontoparietal operculum and the temporal operculum. It is not found in macaques, where the rostral extreme of the insula is continuous with the orbital gyri ( Mesulam-1984 ), nor in rodents, which lack an insula ( NeuroNames ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"basal operculum","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"orbital operculum","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Operculum orbitale","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"opercular cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3297","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3297","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Cortical Opercula - Human","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1647","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"934","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"caput of the dorsal horn","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1647","cDefinition":"refers to an oval or fusiform part of the posterior gray column described variously as located between the neck of the posterior horn of the spinal cord and lamina I (Gray-1918a; Crosby-1962 ) or lamina III ( Jastrow-2007 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"caput of the dorsal horn","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Caput cornus posterioris","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Caput cornuis dorsalis","synonymSource":"Jastrow-2007","synonymSourceTitle":"Histologischer Atlas im Internet","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Mixed","organism":"human","synonymName":"Caput of dorsal horn","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1648","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"935","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"central cervical nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1648","cDefinition":"refers to a cell column that occupies lamina VII in the upper four cervical segments of the spinal cord. It is located lateral to the intermediomedial cell column ( Carpenter-1983 ). In the mouse it extends into the medulla ( Paxinos-2001 ). In the functional model of central nervous system organization it is classified as part of the subcortical somatosensory system ( Swanson-2004 ) (see Models Where It Appears below).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"central cervical nuclear group","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"central cervical nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"59"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"central cervical nucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"59"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo cervicale centrale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"núcleo cervical central","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"lamina VII","parentNeuroNamesId":"1700","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1700","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"intermediate gray column","parentNeuroNamesId":"3358","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3358","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1649","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"937","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"central glial substance","standardAcronym":"CeGS","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1649","cDefinition":"refers to an area surrounding the central canal of the spinal cord in the gray commissure; it is composed mainly of neuroglia ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"substansi gelatin","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"central gelatinous substance","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lamina X","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"220"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Rexed's lamina X","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"central glial substance","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"substantia gliosa (spinalis)","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Substantia gelatinosa spinalis","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lamina spinalis X","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Substantia gelationsa centralis","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"lamina X","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"lámina X","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"lamina X","parentNeuroNamesId":"1702","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1702","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1650","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"938","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"central gray columns","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1650","cDefinition":"refers to the anterior gray column, the posterior gray column and the lateral gray column of the spinal cord. They constitute the entire spinal central gray except lamina X crossing the midline and the portion of lamina VII not occupied by the lateral gray column ( Carpenter-1983; Schiebler-1999 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"central gray columns","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"central gray columns of the spinal cord","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"colonne grigie centrali","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"columnas grises centrales","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1652","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"940","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"centrobasal nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1652","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells in lamina VI of the cervical enlargement of the spinal cord. It is the site of termination of the dorsal root fibers ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"centrobasal nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"lamina VI","parentNeuroNamesId":"1699","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1699","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1653","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"941","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"cervical enlargement","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1653","cDefinition":"refers to a surface feature encapsulating the lowest four cervical segments and the first thoracic segments of the spinal cord of vertebrates. One of two cord enlargements, it is associated with nerve roots that innervate the upper extremities; the other is the lumbar enlargement ( Carpenter-1983, Malas-2000 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"intumensi servikal","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cervical enlargement","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"163"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Intumescentia cervicalis","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"rigonfiamento cervicale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"ensanchamiento cervical","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"spinal cord","parentNeuroNamesId":"855","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=855","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1654","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"942","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"cervical segments","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1654","cDefinition":"refers to eight segments of the spinal cord located at its superior end ( Carpenter-1983 ). Defined by dissection, it is found in all vertebrates ( Swanson-2015 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"segmen spinal servikal","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cervical segments","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"333"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cervical segments of spinal cord","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cervical part of spinal cord","synonymSource":"Swanson-2014","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomical Terminology: A Lexicon of Classical Origins and Historical Foundations","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Segmenta cervicalia","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Pars cervicalis","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Halsregionen","synonymSource":"Schultze-1993","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomisches Wörterbuch","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"zervikale Rückenmark","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Zervikalsegmente","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Zervikalmark","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Halsmark","synonymSource":"Mai-2002","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Halssegmente, Zervikalregion","synonymSource":"Mai-2002","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"spinal cord","parentNeuroNamesId":"855","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=855","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Vertebrate Central Nervous System","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1655","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"943","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"cervicothalamic tract","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1655","cDefinition":"refers to a group of fibers that originates from the lateral cervical nucleus in the first two cervical segments of the spinal cord. These fibers ascend lateral to the medial lemniscus and terminate in the ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus ( Carpenter-1983; Hagg-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cervicothalamic tract","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"6"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cervicothalamic fibers","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"dorsal root fibers","parentNeuroNamesId":"1661","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1661","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1656","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"944","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"coccygeal segments","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1656","cDefinition":"refers to the most caudal portion of the spinal cord, which gives rise to one, and in some individuals two, spinal nerves ( Schiebler-1999 ). Defined by dissection, they are found in all vertebrates ( Swanson-2015 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"coccygeal segments","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"20"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"coccygeal segments of spinal cord","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"coccygeal part of spinal cord","synonymSource":"Swanson-2014","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomical Terminology: A Lexicon of Classical Origins and Historical Foundations","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Segmenta coccygea","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Pars coccygea","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Coczygealmark","synonymSource":"Mai-2002","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Kokzygealsegment","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Kokzygealmark","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"spinal cord","parentNeuroNamesId":"855","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=855","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Vertebrate Central Nervous System","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1658","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"946","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"commissural nucleus of the spinal cord","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1658","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells in the medial portion of the anterior gray column; it corresponds roughly to lamina VIII ( Anthoney-1994; Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"commissural nucleus of the spinal cord","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"commissural nucleus-2","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1659","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"947","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"cuneate fasciculus of the spinal cord","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1659","cDefinition":"refers to the part of the cuneate fasciculus in the spinal cord. It is located between the gracile fasciculus of the spinal cord and the dorsolateral fasciculus of the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fasikel kuneat (sumsumtulangbelakang)","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cuneate fasciculus of the spinal cord","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculus cuneatus (spinalis)","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"Tractus spinobulbaris","parentNeuroNamesId":"1740","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1740","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1660","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"948","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1660","cDefinition":""},{"neuroNamesID":"1661","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"949","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal root fibers","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1661","cDefinition":"refers to nerve fibers that enter the spinal cord in the posterolateral sulcus of the spinal cord; they conduct afferent sensory signals to the posterior gray column ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal root fibers","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"74"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"dorsal roots","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"963"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"dorsal roots","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"963"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal spinal roots","synonymSource":"Swanson-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture: Understanding the Basic Plan","pubMedHits":"39"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior root of spinal nerve","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"12"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Radix posterior","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Radix dorsalis nervi spinalis","synonymSource":"Nieuwenhuys-1987","synonymSourceTitle":"Illustrations of the gross anatomy of the brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Hinterwurzel","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"hintere Wurzel","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"filamenti della radice dorsali","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"radice dorsale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"filamenti della radice dorsale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibras radiculares dorsales","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"raíz dorsal","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"craniospinal nerves","parentNeuroNamesId":"3004","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3004","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1663","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"951","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"fastigiospinal tract","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1663","cDefinition":"refers to a bundle of fibers that arises from the fastigial nucleus of the cerebellum, crosses the midline, descends ventral to the spinal trigeminal tract and ends in the cervical segments of the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"fastigiospinal tract","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"fastigiospinal fibers","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"cat","synonymName":"fastigiospinal fibers","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibre fastigiospinali","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibras fastigioespinales","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1664","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"952","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"gracile fasciculus of the spinal cord","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1664","cDefinition":"refers to the part of the gracile fasciculus in the spinal cord (NeuroNames).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fasikel grasil (sumsumtulangbelakang)","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"gracile fasciculus of the spinal cord","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculus gracilis (spinalis)","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"Tractus spinobulbaris","parentNeuroNamesId":"1740","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1740","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1665","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"953","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"gray commissure","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1665","cDefinition":"refers to the bridge of gray matter that contains the central canal of the spinal cord and connects the gray columns on either side of the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"gray commissure","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"63"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"central intermediate substance of spinal cord","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Commissura grisea","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Substantia (grisea) intermedia centralis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"commissura grigia","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"comisura gris anterior","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1666","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"954","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"inferior commissure of the spinal cord","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1666","cDefinition":"refers to a bundle of fibers that cross the spinal cord near its junction with the medulla. It is described as located ventral to the gracile fasciculus and dorsal to the central canal, but it is illustrated as crossing the midline ventral to the central canal ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"inferior commissure of the spinal cord","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"commissure of Haller","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Commissura infima","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1667","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"956","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral gray column","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1667","cDefinition":"refers to one of three central gray columns of the spinal cord. Located laterally in lamina VII, it is most prominent in the thoracic segments. The other columns are the anterior gray column and the posterior gray column. Because of its appearance in cross section it is also called the lateral horn ( Carpenter-1983; Schiebler-1999 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"tanduk lateral","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nukleus intermediolateral","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"intermediolateral nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"174"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral horn","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"113"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"intermediolateral cell column","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"369"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral intermediate substance of spinal cord","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"intermediolateral spinal column","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"intermediolateral gray column","synonymSource":"Waxman-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Clinical Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"intermediolateral gray horn","synonymSource":"Waxman-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Clinical Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral gray column","synonymSource":"Waxman-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Clinical Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"intermediolateral column of the spinal cord","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Columna intermedia","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Cornu laterale","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nuclei intermediolaterales","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Substantia (grisea) intermedia lateralis","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Seitensäule","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Seitenhorn","synonymSource":"Kahle-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"Taschenatlas der Anatomie
\r\nVolume 3: Nervensystem und Sinnesorgane","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Seitenhorn des Rückenmarks","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"corno laterale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo intermediolare","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"colonna intermediolaterale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"asta lateral","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"columna celular intermediolateral","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"núcleo intermediolateral","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"lamina VII","parentNeuroNamesId":"1700","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1700","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1668","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"957","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"intermediomedial cell column","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1668","cDefinition":"refers to a cell column in the spinal central gray that occupies the medial portion of lamina VII along the central canal of the spinal cord ( Anthoney-1994; Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nukleus intermediomedial","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"intermediomedial nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"5"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"intermediomedial cell column","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"intermediomedial spinal column","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus intermediomedialis","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo intermediomediale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"núcleo intermediomedial","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"lamina VII","parentNeuroNamesId":"1700","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1700","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"sympathetic preganglionic pools","parentNeuroNamesId":"2935","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2935","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1669","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"958","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"internuncial nuclear group","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1669","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells in the spinal central gray ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"internuncial nuclear group","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"neuroni internunciali","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"células internunciales","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1670","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"959","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"interstitiospinal tract","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1670","cDefinition":"refers to a fiber pathway that originates primarily in the interstitial nucleus of Cajal and descends mainly ipsilaterally in the medial longitudinal fasciculus to the spinal cord. In the spinal cord it descends in the anterior white column and terminates in lamina VII and lamina VIII of the sacral segments ( Paxinos-2004; Dorland-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"traktus interstisiospinal","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"interstitiospinal tract","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"interstitiospinal fibers","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculus interstitiospinalis","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"tratto interstiziospinale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"haz intersticionalespinal","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1671","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"960","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral bundle","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1671","cDefinition":"refers to the smaller of two components of dorsal root fibers to the spinal cord as identified by dissection. It conducts signals from heat, cold and pain receptors to the posterior gray column of the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral bundle","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"34"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral division of the dorsal root","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"laterales Bündel","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"haz lateral","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1672","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"961","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral cervical nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1672","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells oriented longitudinally and embedded in the lateral white column close to the posterior gray column in upper cervical segments of the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ). Identified by Nissl stain the cell group extends into the lower third of the medulla where it may constitute the paratrigeminal nucleus ( Swanson-2004 ). The nucleus is found in the rat, cat and dog; it appears in only 50% of humans and is well developed in only 10% ( Truex-1970 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nukleus servikal lateral","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"dog","synonymName":"lateral cervical nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"83"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral cervical nucleus","synonymSource":"Truex-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"The lateral cervical nucleus of cat, dog and man","pubMedHits":"83"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"lateral cervical nucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"83"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Nucleus cervicalis lateralis","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"8"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"basal nucleus of the dorsal horn, general","parentNeuroNamesId":"3357","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3357","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1673","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"962","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral white column","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1673","cDefinition":"refers to the fiber tract located between the anterolateral sulcus of the spinal cord and the posterolateral sulcus of the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"funikulus lateral","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"kolom lateral","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"funikel lateral","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral funiculus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"313"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral column","synonymSource":"Noback-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"The Human Nervous System: Basic Principles of Neurobiology","pubMedHits":"246"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral column of spinal cord","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"intermediate zone of spinal cord","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"intermediate column of spinal cord","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral white column","synonymSource":"Waxman-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Clinical Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Funiculus lateralis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Funiculus lateralis","synonymSource":"Oertel-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"Zur zyto- und myeloarchitektonik des Rhombencephalon des Rhesusaffen (Macaca mulatta Zimmerman)","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Columna lateralis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"columna lateralis medullae spinalis","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Seitenstrang","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"funicolo laterale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"боковой канатик","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"cordón lateral","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"spinal white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"2642","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2642","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1674","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"963","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral nuclear group of the anterior horn","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1674","cDefinition":"refers to a motor cell group in the spinal cord that is especially prominent in sections that innervate distal portions of the extremities. Thus, it is larger in the cervical segments and the lumbar segments than in the thoracic segments ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral nuclear group of the anterior horn","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nuclei motorii lateralis","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"gruppo nucleare laterale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"grupo nuclear lateral","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1675","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"964","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral spinothalamic tract","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1675","cDefinition":"refers to a bundle of fibers that originates largely from neurons in lamina I, lamina IV and lamina V of the spinal central gray. The tract ascends in the lateral white column medial to the ventral spinocerebellar tract and merges with the anterior spinothalamic tract in the medulla fo form the spinothalamic tract of the medulla ( Carpenter-1983 ). The lateral spinothalamic tract consists of the lateral spinothalamic tract of the spinal cord and the lateral spinothalamic tract of the medulla.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"traktus spinotalamik lateral","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"traktus neospinotalamik (NSTT)","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral spinothalamic tract","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"23"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal spinothalamic tract","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus spinothalamicus lateralis","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"tratto spinotalamico laterale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"haz espinotalámico lateral","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"spinothalamic tract","parentNeuroNamesId":"2058","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2058","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1676","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"965","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lumbar enlargement","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1676","cDefinition":"refers to the section of the spinal cord that extends from lumbar segments 1 to sacral segments 3. It is associated with nerve roots that innervate the lower extremities and is one of two cord enlargements; the other is the cervical enlargement ( Carpenter-1983, Malas-2000 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"intumensi lumboscral","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lumbar enlargement","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"256"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"lumbosacral enlargement","synonymSource":"Swanson-2014","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomical Terminology: A Lexicon of Classical Origins and Historical Foundations","pubMedHits":"55"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"lumbosacral enlargement","synonymSource":"Swanson-2014","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomical Terminology: A Lexicon of Classical Origins and Historical Foundations","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"lumbosacral enlargement","synonymSource":"Swanson-2014","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomical Terminology: A Lexicon of Classical Origins and Historical Foundations","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Intumescentia lumbosacralis","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"rigonfiamento lombare","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"ensanchamiento lumbar","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"spinal cord","parentNeuroNamesId":"855","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=855","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1677","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"966","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lumbar segments","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1677","cDefinition":"refers to the parts of the spinal cord that give rise to nerves entering and leaving the spinal canal at the levels of the lumbar vertebrae. These segments have massive anterior gray column and posterior gray column and are nearly circular in horizontal sections ( Carpenter-1983 ). Defined by dissection, they are found in all vertebrates ( Swanson-2015 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"segmen spinal lumbal","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lumbar segments","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"548"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lumbar segments of spinal cord","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lumbar part of spinal cord","synonymSource":"Swanson-2014","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomical Terminology: A Lexicon of Classical Origins and Historical Foundations","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Pars lumbalis","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Segmenta lumbalia","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lumbalmark","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lumbalsegmente","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"spinal cord","parentNeuroNamesId":"855","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=855","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Vertebrate Central Nervous System","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1678","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"967","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lumbosacral nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1678","cDefinition":"refers to a spinal cord structure situated between the lateral and the medial subdivisions of the anterior gray column; it extends from the lumbar segments 2 to the sacral segments 2 ( Crosby-1962; Anthoney-1994 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lumbosacral nucleus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"central nucleus of lumbosacral enlargement","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1679","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"969","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"margo denticulatus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1679","cDefinition":"refers to the surface of the dentate gyrus that is bounded inferiorly by the hippocampal fissure and superiorly by the fimbriodentate fissure ( Mai-1997 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"margo denticulatus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1680","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"970","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial bundle","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1680","cDefinition":"refers to the larger of two components of dorsal root fibers to the spinal cord as identified by dissection. It conducts signals from touch, pressure and proprioceptive receptors to the posterior gray column of the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial bundle","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"26"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial division of the dorsal root","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"mediales Bündel","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"haz medial","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1681","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"971","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial nuclear group of the anterior horn","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1681","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells, posteromedial and anteromedial, in the spinal cord. The posteromedial group is more distinct in the cervical enlargement and the lumbar enlargement and may be absent in the sacral segments. The anteromedial group is more distinct in the cervical segments 1, 2 and 4, thoracic segments 1 and 2, lumbar segments 3 and 4, and sacral segments 2 and 3 ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial nuclear group of the anterior horn","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nuclei motorii medialis","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"gruppo nucleare mediale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"grupo nuclear medial","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1682","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"972","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral reticulospinal tract","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1682","cDefinition":"refers to a fiber bundle that originates in the gigantocellular nucleus of the medulla and terminates at various levels of the spinal cord. It is composed of the lateral reticulospinal tract of the medulla and the lateral reticulospinal tract of the spinal cord. In the medulla the tract descends ipsilaterally and contralaterally dorsal to the inferior olivary complex and lateral to the dorsal accessory nucleus of the inferior olive. In the spinal cord it descends in the lateral white column ( Hanaway-1998 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"traktus retikulospinal lateral","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral reticulospinal tract","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"bulboreticulospinal tract","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"reticulospinal tract, lateral part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medullary reticulospinal tract","synonymSource":"Knierim-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Spinal reflexes and descending motor pathways. Part 4\r\n","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medullary reticulospinal fibers","synonymSource":"Young-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"BrainInfo has no information on this source.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus bulboreticulospinalis","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"tratto reticolospinale bulbare","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibre reticolospinali bulbari","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"haz reticuloespinal bulbar","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"reticulospinal tracts","parentNeuroNamesId":"805","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=805","brainStructureType":"White Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1683","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"973","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"olivospinal tract","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1683","cDefinition":"refers to a fiber bundle located in the transition zone between the lateral white column and the anterior white column on the anterior surface of the spinal cord. It was originally said to descend from the inferior olivary complex to cervical segments of the spinal cord. Some authors report, however, that it contains fibers of the spino-olivary tracts, not olivospinal fibers ( Carpenter-1983, Brodal-1950 ). It is composed of the olivospinal tract of the medulla and the olivospinal tract of the spinal cord.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"olivospinal tract","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"olivospinal tract of Helweg","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"olivospinal fibers","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"triangular fasciculus","synonymSource":"Brodal-1950","synonymSourceTitle":"TERMINATION OF SPINAL AFFERENTS TO INFERIOR OLIVE IN CAT","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Helweg's tract","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"triangular tract","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus olivospinalis","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Helweg'sche-Dreikantenbahn","synonymSource":"Mai-2002","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Helweg-Dreikantenbahn","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"оливоспинномозговой путь","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1684","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"974","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"pallidohypothalamic nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1684","cDefinition":"refers to a structure of the forebrain that is located between the lateral hypothalamic area and the internal capsule at the level of the medial globus pallidus ( Mai-1997 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"pallidohypothalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus pallidohypothalamicus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1685","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"975","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial reticulospinal tract","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1685","cDefinition":"refers to a fiber bundle that originates in the rostral pontine reticular nucleus and the caudal pontine reticular nucleus. It descends in the ipsilateral medial longitudinal fasciculus of the pons and the medial longitudinal fasciculus of the medulla and in the anterior white column of the spinal cord, where it terminates at all levels ( Hanaway-1998 ). It is composed of the medial reticulospinal tract of the pons, the medial reticulospinal tract of the medulla and the medial reticulospinal tract of the spinal cord.\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"traktus retikulospinal pons","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"traktus retikulospinal medial","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"pontine reticulospinal tract","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"pontine reticulospinal fibers","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial reticulospinal tract","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventral reticulospinal tract","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"pontoreticulospinal tract","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"reticulospinal tract, medial part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus pontoreticulospinalis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"pontine Fasern","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"27"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"tratto reticolospinale pontino","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"haz reticulosespinal protuberancial","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"reticulospinal tracts","parentNeuroNamesId":"805","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=805","brainStructureType":"White Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1686","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"976","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterior gray column","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1686","cDefinition":"refers to one of three central gray columns of the spinal cord. It is composed of gray spinal laminae I-VI ( Schiebler-1999 ). The other columns are the lateral gray column and the anterior gray column. Because of its appearance in cross section it is also called the dorsal horn ( Carpenter-1983 ).\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"tanduk posterior","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"tanduk kelabu posterior","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior gray column","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior horn","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"2143"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior gray horn","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal horn","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"6787"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal funicular gray","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal column gray","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior horn nuclear group","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal gray column","synonymSource":"Waxman-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Clinical Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Columna posterior","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Cornu posterius","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Columna dorsalis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Cornu dorsale","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Hinterhorn","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Hintersäule","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"corno posteriore","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"colonna grigia posteriore","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"corno grigio posteriore","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"asta gris posterior","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"columna gris posterior","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"asta posterior","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1688","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"978","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterior intermediate septum","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1688","cDefinition":"refers to a glial partition that extends from the base of the posterior intermediate sulcus of the spinal cord into the posterior white column of the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior intermediate septum","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"setto intermedio posteriore","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"setto posteriore intermedio","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"tabique intermedio posterior","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"spinal cord","parentNeuroNamesId":"855","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=855","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1689","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"979","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterior intermediate sulcus of the spinal cord","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1689","cDefinition":"refers to a shallow furrow located on the surface of the posterior white column of the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"sulkus intermedius posterior","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior intermediate sulcus of the spinal cord","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus intermedius posterior","synonymSource":"Nieuwenhuys-1987","synonymSourceTitle":"Illustrations of the gross anatomy of the brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"solco intermedio posteriore","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"surco intermedio posterior","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"spinal cord","parentNeuroNamesId":"855","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=855","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1690","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"980","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterior median septum","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1690","cDefinition":"refers to a glial partition that separates the posterior white column of the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"sekat median posterior","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior median septum","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Septum medianum posterius","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"setto posteriore mediano","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"setto mediano posteriore","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"tabique medio posterior","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1691","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"981","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterior median sulcus of the spinal cord","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1691","cDefinition":"refers to a shallow furrow located on the posterior surface of the spinal cord; it is continuous with the posterior median septum ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"sulkus median posterior","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior median sulcus of the spinal cord","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus medianus dorsalis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus medianus posterior","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"solco posteriore mediano","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"solco mediano posteriore","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"surco medio posterior","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"surco posterior medio","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"spinal cord","parentNeuroNamesId":"855","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=855","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1692","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"982","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterior white column","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1692","cDefinition":"refers to the largest column in the spinal cord, which is located between the posterior median sulcus of the spinal cord and the dorsolateral fasciculus of the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"funikel posterior","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"kolom posterior","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior white column","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior column tracts","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior funiculus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"44"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior columns","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"233"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal white column","synonymSource":"Waxman-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Clinical Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal funiculus","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"230"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Funiculus posterior s. F. cu, F. gr","synonymSource":"Oertel-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"Zur zyto- und myeloarchitektonik des Rhombencephalon des Rhesusaffen (Macaca mulatta Zimmerman)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Funiculus dorsalis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Funiculus posterior","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Hinterstrang","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"colonne bianche posteriori","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"columna blanca posterior","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"cordón posterior","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"spinal white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"2642","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2642","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1693","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"983","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterolateral sulcus of the spinal cord","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1693","cDefinition":"refers to a shallow furrow located between the posterior white column and the lateral white column, where the dorsal root fibers enter the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"sulkus posterolateral","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterolateral sulcus of the spinal cord","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior lateral sulcus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"solco posterolaterale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"surco posterolateral","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"spinal cord","parentNeuroNamesId":"855","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=855","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1694","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"985","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"reticular nucleus of the spinal cord","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1694","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells in the posterior gray column of the spinal cord; it is found only in the cervical segments ( Carpenter-1983 ) lateral to the proper sensory nucleus ( Swanson-2004 ) in lamina V ( Jastrow-2007 ). In the functional model of central nervous system organization it is classified as part of the subcortical somatosensory system ( Swanson-2004 ) (see Models Where It Appears below).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"reticular process","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"reticular nucleus of the spinal cord","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo reticolare di midollo spinali","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"subcortical somatosensory system","parentNeuroNamesId":"3349","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3349","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1695","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"986","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lamina III","standardAcronym":"III","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1695","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the spinal central gray defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It is located in the posterior gray column of the spinal cord between lamina II and lamina IV ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Rexed's lamina III","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lamina III","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"213"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lamina spinalis III","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lamina 3","synonymSource":"Jastrow-2007","synonymSourceTitle":"Histologischer Atlas im Internet","pubMedHits":"36"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"lamina III","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"lámina III","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"proper sensory nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"1633","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1633","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1696","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"987","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lamina IV","standardAcronym":"IV","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1696","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the spinal central gray defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It is located in the posterior gray column of the spinal cord between lamina III and lamina V ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Rexed's lamina IV","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lamina IV","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"140"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lamina spinalis IV","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lamina 4","synonymSource":"Jastrow-2007","synonymSourceTitle":"Histologischer Atlas im Internet","pubMedHits":"23"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"lamina IV","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"lámina IV","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"proper sensory nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"1633","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1633","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1697","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"988","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lamina IX","standardAcronym":"IX","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1697","cDefinition":"refers to a number of slender gray columns identified by cytoarchitecture in the spinal central gray. They are embedded in lamina VIII and in the lateral portion of lamina VII of the anterior gray column. In cross sections of the spinal cord they appear as islands of large cells distributed within the other laminas ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Rexed's lamina IX","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"10"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lamina IX","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"185"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lamina spinalis IX","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lamina 9","synonymSource":"Jastrow-2007","synonymSourceTitle":"Histologischer Atlas im Internet","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"lamina IX","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"lámina IX","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"gray spinal laminae","parentNeuroNamesId":"1703","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1703","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1698","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"989","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lamina V","standardAcronym":"V","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1698","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the spinal central gray defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It is located in the posterior gray column of the spinal cord between lamina IV and two different laminar structures at different levels. In the cervical enlargement and lumbar enlargement it is bounded anteriorly by lamina VI; in other parts of the cord lamina VI is not present and its anterior boundary is with lamina VII ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Rexed's lamina V","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lamina V","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"315"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"neck of the dorsal horn ","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lamina spinalis V","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lamina 5","synonymSource":"Jastrow-2007","synonymSourceTitle":"Histologischer Atlas im Internet","pubMedHits":"16"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"lamina V","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"lámina V","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"gray spinal laminae","parentNeuroNamesId":"1703","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1703","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1699","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"990","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lamina VI","standardAcronym":"VI","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1699","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the spinal central gray defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It is located at the base of the posterior gray column between lamina V and lamina VII. It is found only in the cervical enlargement and lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Rexed's lamina VI","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lamina VI","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"87"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"base of the dorsal horn","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lamina spinalis VI","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lamina 6","synonymSource":"Jastrow-2007","synonymSourceTitle":"Histologischer Atlas im Internet","pubMedHits":"29"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"lamina VI","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"lámina VI","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"gray spinal laminae","parentNeuroNamesId":"1703","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1703","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1700","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"991","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lamina VII","standardAcronym":"VII","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1700","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the spinal central gray defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It occupies the intermediate gray column lateral to lamina X and a variable portion of the anterior gray column depending on which of the spinal segments is involved. It is sandwiched between lamina VI at the base of the posterior gray column and lamina VIII in the anterior gray column. Some of the slender columns of lamina IX are embedded in lamina VII ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Rexed's lamina VII","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lamina VII","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"174"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lamina spinalis VII","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lamina 7","synonymSource":"Jastrow-2007","synonymSourceTitle":"Histologischer Atlas im Internet","pubMedHits":"5"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"lamina VII","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"lámina VII","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"gray spinal laminae","parentNeuroNamesId":"1703","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1703","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1701","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"992","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lamina VIII","standardAcronym":"VIII","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1701","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the spinal central gray defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. Located in the anterior gray column of the spinal cord, it varies in size. In the cervical enlargement and lumbar enlargement it occupies only the medial part of the column; at other levels it extends across the entire width of the column. It is bounded by lamina VII posterolaterally, and slender columns of lamina IX are embedded in it ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Rexed's lamina VIII","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lamina VIII","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"89"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lamina spinalis","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lamina 8","synonymSource":"Jastrow-2007","synonymSourceTitle":"Histologischer Atlas im Internet","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"lamina VIII","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"lámina VIII","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"gray spinal laminae","parentNeuroNamesId":"1703","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1703","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1702","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"993","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lamina X","standardAcronym":"X","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1702","cDefinition":"refers to one of ten gray spinal laminae; it surrounds the central canal of the spinal cord, contains the central glial substance and is present in all spinal segments ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Rexed's lamina X","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lamina X","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"220"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lamina spinalis X","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Substantia gelatinosa centralis","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lamina 10","synonymSource":"Jastrow-2007","synonymSourceTitle":"Histologischer Atlas im Internet","pubMedHits":"8"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"lamina X","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"lámina X","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"gray spinal laminae","parentNeuroNamesId":"1703","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1703","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1703","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"994","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"gray spinal laminae","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1703","cDefinition":"refers to a segmentation scheme for the gray substance of the spinal cord based on the size, shape and distribution of neurons. It consists of lamina I, lamina II, lamina III, lamina IV, lamina V, lamina VI, lamina VII, lamina VIII, lamina IX, and lamina X, the boundaries between which vary in distinctiveness ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Rexed's laminae","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"59"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"gray spinal laminae","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"spinal central gray","parentNeuroNamesId":"2619","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2619","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1704","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"995","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"sacral autonomic nuclei","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1704","cDefinition":"refers to a group of neurons in the spinal cord located along the lateral gray column in sacral segments 2 to 4 ( Carpenter-1983 ). Functionally they belong to the parasympathetic preganglionic pools of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nukleus otonom sakral","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"sacral autonomic nuclei","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"intermediolateral spinal column, sacral division","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nuclei autonomici sacrali","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"núcleos autónomos sacros","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"parasympathetic preganglionic pools","parentNeuroNamesId":"2934","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2934","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1705","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"996","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"sacral parasympathetic cell column","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1705","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells in the sacral segments (2 to 4) of the spinal cord that extends laterally from the region of the central canal of the spinal cord between the anterior gray column and the posterior gray column ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"sacral parasympathetic cell column","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"sacral parasympathetic gray","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nuclei parasympathici sacrales","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1706","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"997","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"sacral segments","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1706","cDefinition":"refers to the most caudal five segments of the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ). Defined by dissection, they are found in all vertebrates ( Swanson-2015 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"segmen spinal sakral","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"sacral segments","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"193"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"sacral segments of spinal cord","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"sacral part of spinal cord","synonymSource":"Swanson-2014","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomical Terminology: A Lexicon of Classical Origins and Historical Foundations","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Pars sacralis","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Segmenta sacralia","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sakralsegmente","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sakralmark","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"spinal cord","parentNeuroNamesId":"855","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=855","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Vertebrate Central Nervous System","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1707","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"998","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"septomarginal tract","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1707","cDefinition":"refers to the middle subdivision of the descending branches of the dorsal root fibers. It is located near the posterior median sulcus of the spinal cord in the lumbar segments ( Anthoney-1994 ). The other subdivisions are the semilunar tract in the cervical segments and thoracic segments and the tract of Phillippe-Gombault in the sacral segments ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fasikel septomarginal","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"septomarginal fasciculus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"oval area of Flechsig","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Hoche's tract","synonymSource":"Dark-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"The On-line Medical Dictionary","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"septomarginal tract","synonymSource":"Dark-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"The On-line Medical Dictionary","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculus septomarginalis","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Flechsig'sches ovale Feld","synonymSource":"Kahle-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"Taschenatlas der Anatomie
\r\nVolume 3: Nervensystem und Sinnesorgane","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"ovales Bündel","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fascicolo settomarginale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"fascículo septomarginal","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"descending branches of the dorsal root fibers","parentNeuroNamesId":"2641","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2641","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1708","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"999","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"spinal accessory nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1708","cDefinition":"refers to a structure located in the anterior gray column between cervical segments 1 and 5 or 6 of the spinal cord ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"spinal accessory nucleus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"14"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"accessory nucleus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"51"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"spinal nucleus of nerve XI","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"spinaler Akzessoriuskern (XI)\r\n\r\n","synonymSource":"Kahle-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"Taschenatlas der Anatomie
\r\nVolume 3: Nervensystem und Sinnesorgane","pubMedHits":"16"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"спиннмозговое ядро добавочного нерва","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1709","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1000","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"spinal part of the accessory nerve","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1709","cDefinition":"refers to a fiber bundle in the spinal cord that arises from the accessory nerve nucleus in the anterior gray column of cervical segments 1 to 5 or 6. It emerges from the cord just caudal to the cranial part of the accessory nerve ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"spinal part of the accessory nerve","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nerve XI (spinalis)","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"spinal portion of eleventh cranial nerve","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"external branch of accessory nerve","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"spinal accessory nerve-1","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"accessory spinal nerve","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"9"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Radices spinales nervi accessorii","synonymSource":"Nieuwenhuys-1987","synonymSourceTitle":"Illustrations of the gross anatomy of the brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nervus accessorius, pars spinalis","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"parte spinale del N. XI","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nervo accessorio spinale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"спинномозговой нерв","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"porción espinal del nervio accesorio","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1710","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1001","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"spinocervical tract","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1710","cDefinition":"refers to a group of uncrossed fibers in the spinal cord that originate in lamina IV at all spinal levels and ascend in the anterolateral white column ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"spinocervical tract","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"66"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"spinocervical fibers","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus spinocervicalis","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"spinothalamic tract","parentNeuroNamesId":"2058","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2058","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1711","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1002","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"spinocortical tract","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1711","cDefinition":"refers to a fiber bundle that originates at all levels of the spinal cord and ascends parallel to the corticospinal tract ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"spinocortical tract","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"spinocortical fibers","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1712","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1003","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"spinopontine tract","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1712","cDefinition":"refers to a fiber bundle that originates in the spinal cord and terminates in the pontine nuclei ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"spinopontine tract","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"spinopontine fibers","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"1"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1713","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1004","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"spinoreticular tract","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1713","cDefinition":"refers to a fiber bundle that arises largely from lamina I, lamina IV and lamina V of the spinal cord. It includes both crossed and uncrossed fibers that ascend in the lateral white column and terminate variously in the medulla and pons. It consists of three successive parts: the spinoreticular tract of the spinal cord, the spinoreticular tract of the medulla and the spinoreticular tract of the pons ( Nomina-1983; Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"traktus spinoretikular","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"spinoreticular tract","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"19"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"spinoreticular fibers","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"spinobulbar tract (Noback)","synonymSource":"Noback-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"The Human Nervous System: Basic Principles of Neurobiology","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"spinoreticular pathway","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"spinoreticular pathway","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus spinoreticularis","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibre spinoreticolari ascendenti","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibras espinorreticulares ascendentes","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"spinothalamic tract","parentNeuroNamesId":"2058","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2058","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1714","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1005","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"spinotectal tract","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1714","cDefinition":"refers to a bundle of nerve fibers in the lateral white column of the spinal cord, most of which ascend contralaterally to terminate in the superior colliculus and the inferior colliculus ( Dorland-2004 ). This tract is composed of the spinotectal tract of the spinal cord, spinotectal tract of the medulla, spinotectal tract of the pons and the spinotectal tract of the tectum.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"traktus spinotektal","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"spinotectal tract","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"spinotectal fibers","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"spinotectal pathway","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"spinotectal pathway","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus spinotectalis","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"tratto spinotettale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibre spinotettale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"haz espinotectal","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"spinothalamic tract","parentNeuroNamesId":"2058","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2058","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1715","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1006","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"spinovestibular tract","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1715","cDefinition":"refers to a fiber bundle that projects from the spinal cord to the dorsal part of the lateral vestibular nucleus ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"traktus spinovestibular","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"spinovestibular tract","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"spinovestibular fibers","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"spinovestibular pathway","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"spinovestibular pathway","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"spinothalamic tract","parentNeuroNamesId":"2058","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2058","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1716","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1007","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"subventricular terminal island","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1716","cDefinition":"refers to a substructure of the nucleus accumbens in the human ( Mai-1997 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"subventricular terminal island","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Insula terminalis subventricularis","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1718","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1010","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"thoracic segments","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1718","cDefinition":"refers to the 9th to 20th segments of the spinal cord. They are located between the cervical segments and the lumbar segments and range from T1 to T12 ( Carpenter-1983 ). Defined by dissection, they are found in all vertebrates ( Swanson-2015 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"segmen spinal torakal","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"thoracic segments","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"358"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"thoracic segments of spinal cord","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"thoracic part of spinal cord","synonymSource":"Swanson-2014","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomical Terminology: A Lexicon of Classical Origins and Historical Foundations","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Pars thoracica","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"6"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Segmenta thoracica","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Thorakalmark","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Thorakalsegmente","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"spinal cord","parentNeuroNamesId":"855","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=855","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Vertebrate Central Nervous System","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1719","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1011","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"tract of Phillippe-Gombault","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1719","cDefinition":"refers to the lowermost subdivision of the descending branches of the dorsal root fibers, which is located in the sacral segments of the spinal cord. The other subdivisions are the semilunar tract in the cervical segments and thoracic segments and the septomarginal tract in the lumbar segments ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"triangle of Phillippe-Gombault","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gombault-Philippe triangle","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"tract of Phillippe-Gombault","synonymSource":"Reuter-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Worterbuch Der Humanbiologie/Dictionary of Human Biology","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Phillippe-Gombault-Triangel","synonymSource":"Kahle-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"Taschenatlas der Anatomie
\r\nVolume 3: Nervensystem und Sinnesorgane","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Phillippe-Gombault'sche-Triangel","synonymSource":"Mai-2002","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gombault-Philippe Bündel","synonymSource":"Roche-2007","synonymSourceTitle":"Roche Lexikon Medizin","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"descending branches of the dorsal root fibers","parentNeuroNamesId":"2641","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2641","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1720","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"175800480","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"sacral nerves","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1720","cDefinition":"refers to the five pairs of spinal nerves that attach to the spinal cord in the sacral region ( Kahle-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"sacral nerves","synonymSource":"Kahle-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Color Atlas of Human Anatomy
\r\nVolume 3: Nervous System and Sensory Organs","pubMedHits":"95"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sakralnervenpaare","synonymSource":"Kahle-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"Taschenatlas der Anatomie
\r\nVolume 3: Nervensystem und Sinnesorgane","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1721","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"223205326","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"German horizontal plane","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1721","cDefinition":"denotes a horizontal plane for brain stereotaxis based on cranial landmarks. It passes through the inferior margins of the orbits and the superior margins of the external auditory canals ( Schiebler-1999 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"German horizontal plane","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"deutsche Horizontalebene","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1722","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"309041213","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal propriospinal tract","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1722","cDefinition":"refers to a collection of nerve fibers, ascending, descending, crossed and uncrossed, that interconnect various levels of the spinal cord. It is a component of the posterior white column. Myelinated fibers are located adjacent to the spinal central gray. Shorter fibers are closer to, longer fibers further from the gray. Some fibers are unmyelinated and scattered through the posterior column ( Schoenen-2004 ). The tract is one of three propriospinal tracts in which most pathways intrinsic to the spinal cord are located. The others are the ventral propriospinal tract and the lateral propriospinal tract ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior fasciculus proprius","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior intersegmental fasciculus of spinal cord","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal intersegmental fasciculus of spinal cord","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal fasciculus proprius of spinal cord","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior intersegmental tract of spinal cord","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal intersegmental tract of spinal cord","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior ground bundle","synonymSource":"Schoenen-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Spinal Cord: Connections","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cornucommissural tract","synonymSource":"Schoenen-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Spinal Cord: Connections","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal propriospinal tract","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculi proprii posteriores","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculus proprius posterior medullae spinalis","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculi proprii dorsales","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"posterior white column","parentNeuroNamesId":"1692","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1692","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1723","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"367836888","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Vinculum lingulae","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1723","cDefinition":"refers to an area of the anterior lobe of the cerebellum that is located lateral to the lingula of the cerebellar vermis ( Zilles-2000 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Vinculum lingulae","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Vincingulum lingulae","synonymSource":"Mai-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Fetal Development of the Central Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1724","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"714273189","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"mediale magnozellulare Zone (Formatio reticularis)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1724","cDefinition":"refers to one of three parts of the reticular formation of the brainstem subdivided longitudinally on the basis of histochemical stains for neurotransmitters and related enzymes, cytoarchitecture, connectivity, and function as well as conventional stains for Nissl substance and myelin. It is located in the brainstem between the mediane Zone (Formatio reticularis) and the laterale parvozellulare Zone (Formatio reticularis). A prominent feature is large neurones with: 1) long horizontally oriented dendrites, and 2) axons that divide into long ascending and descending branches with numerous side branches ( Schiebler-1999 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"mediale magnozellulare Zone (Formatio reticularis)","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1725","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"930026076","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Thorakalnervenpaare","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1725","cDefinition":"refers to the 12 pairs of spinal nerves that emerge from the spinal cord in the thoracic region ( Kahle-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"thoracic nerves","synonymSource":"Kahle-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Color Atlas of Human Anatomy
\r\nVolume 3: Nervous System and Sensory Organs","pubMedHits":"572"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Thorakalnervenpaare","synonymSource":"Kahle-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"Taschenatlas der Anatomie
\r\nVolume 3: Nervensystem und Sinnesorgane","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1726","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"967667589","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterior thalamic radiations","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1726","cDefinition":"refers to fiber pathways that connect the anterior nuclear group of the thalamus and the midline nuclear group of the thalamus with the frontal lobe through the anterior thalamic peduncle, the anterior limb of the internal capsule and other parts of the cerebral white matter. They are not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections. For a detailed discussion of semantic differences in the use of terms relating to the thalamic peduncles and the thalamocortical radiations see Anthoney-1994.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior thalamic radiations","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior thalamic radiation","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"10"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Radiationes thalamicae anteriores","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"radiazione talamica anteriore","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"перение таламические лучистости","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1727","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"968004493","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"plane of section","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1727","cDefinition":"refers to a cross-sectional view of the brain. The meanings of the terms sagittal plane, coronal plane and horizontal plane vary depending on the position of the head regarded as standard by the author. In BrainInfo they are defined in accordance with Gray-1918a. The body is assumed to be in the standard anatomical position, i.e., standing erect and facing forward. Sagittal planes are planes of section parallel to the median plane, \"the vertical antero-posterior plane passing through the center of the trunk. This plane will pass approximately through the sagittal suture of the skull, and hence any plane parallel to is termed a sagittal plane. A vertical plane at right angles to the median plane passes, roughly speaking, through the central part of the coronal suture or through a line parallel to it; such a plane is known as a frontal plane or sometimes as a coronal plane. A plane at right angles to both the median and frontal planes is termed a transverse plane.\" A common synonym for the transverse plane used in BrainInfo is \"horizontal plane\". For a thorough review and discussion of the use of these and related terms in clinical and comparative neuroanatomy, see Anthoney-1994. ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"plane of section","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-2000","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1728","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"979030868","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterior basal cistern","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1728","cDefinition":"refers to one of two subdivisions of the basal cistern; the other is the anterior basal cistern. The medial part of these two cisterns is referred to as the suprasellar cistern. The posterior basal cistern is a cerebrospinal fluid filled subarachnoid space between the ventral surface of the brain and the cranium that extends from the Foramen magnum to the Dorsum sellae. It includes the Cisterna pontocerebellaris, the interpeduncular cistern, and the superior cistern ( Schiebler-1999; Kretschmann-2004 ). \r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior basal cistern","synonymSource":"Kretschmann-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Cranial Neuroimaging and Clinical Neuroanatomy: Atlas of MR Imaging","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"hintere Basalzisterne","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1729","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"981678211","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"sagittal plane","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1729","cDefinition":"refers to a cross-sectional view of the brain commonly presented in illustrations of its internal structure. Roughly speaking, the term refers to a vertical plane that extends from the back to the front to the brain. For a more precise definition of the use of this term in BrainInfo see \" plane of section \". For a comprehensive review and discussion of uses of this and related terms by different authors, see Anthoney-1994.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"sagittal section","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-2000","pubMedHits":"175"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"parasagittal section","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"7"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"sagittal plane","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"4771"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1730","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"987098448","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lumbar nerves","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1730","cDefinition":"refers to the five pairs of spinal nerves that attach to the spinal cord in the lumbar region ( Kahle-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lumbar nerves","synonymSource":"Kahle-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Color Atlas of Human Anatomy
\r\nVolume 3: Nervous System and Sensory Organs","pubMedHits":"37"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lumbalnervenpaare","synonymSource":"Kahle-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"Taschenatlas der Anatomie
\r\nVolume 3: Nervensystem und Sinnesorgane","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1731","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1010167331","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"central sulcus of Roland - obsolete","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1731","cDefinition":"","parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1732","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1015266456","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"spinal trigeminal nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1732","cDefinition":"refers to a nucleus composed of three parts: the oral part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus, the interpolar part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus, and the caudal part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus. In the classical model of the nervous system of the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( Martin-2000 ) is located dorsolaterally in the rostral hindbrain. In the functional model of central nervous system organization it is classified as part of the subcortical somatosensory system as illustrated in brain atlases of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) (see Models Where It Appears below).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nukleus spinal saraf V","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"nucleus of spinal trigeminal tract","synonymSource":"Szabo-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"A stereotaxic atlas of the brain of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleus of descending tract of trigeminal","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"spinal nucleus of the trigeminal","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"spinal trigeminal nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"1012"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleus of descending root of trigeminal","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"trigeminospinal nucleus","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"spinal trigeminal nucleus","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"1012"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"spinal trigeminal nucleus","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"1012"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus inferior nervi trigemini","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca nemestrina","synonymName":"Nucleus tracti spinalis nervi trigemini","synonymSource":"Winters-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Brain Atlas For Macaca nemestrina","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus spinalis nervi trigemini","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Nucleus tractus spinalis nervi trigemini","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"9"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleus radicis descendentis nervi trigemini","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus spinalis nervi trigeminalis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1989","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Kern der spinalen Trigeminuswurzel","synonymSource":"Kahle-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"Taschenatlas der Anatomie
\r\nVolume 3: Nervensystem und Sinnesorgane","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo discendente del nervo trigemino","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo del tratto trigeminale spinale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo spinale del N. V","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo trigeminale spinale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"ядро спинномозгового пути тройничного нерва","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Mozga Cheloveka (Atlas of the Human Brain)","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"núcleo trigeminoespinal","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"somatosensory system","parentNeuroNamesId":"2887","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2887","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"subcortical somatosensory system","parentNeuroNamesId":"3349","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3349","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1733","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1037832063","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"central canal of the spinal cord","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1733","cDefinition":"refers to a narrow cerebrospinal fluid-filled channel located centrally within the spinal cord ( Anthoney-1994 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"ependymal canal","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"8"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"central canal of the spinal cord","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Canalis centralis","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Zentralkanal des Rückenmarks","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"центральный канал (спинного мозга)","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Mozga Cheloveka (Atlas of the Human Brain)","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"spinal cord","parentNeuroNamesId":"855","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=855","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1735","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1079393050","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventral propriospinal tract","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1735","cDefinition":"refers to a collection of nerve fibers, ascending, descending, crossed and uncrossed, that interconnect various levels of the spinal cord. It is a component of the anterior white columns.The fibers are largely myelinated and run close to the spinal central gray for the length of the cord. Shorter fibers are closer to, longer fibers further from the gray. Other prominent components of the anterior columns are the medial longitudinal fasciculus of the spinal cord, the anterior spinothalamic tract of the spinal cord and the lateral vestibulospinal tract of the spinal cord. The ventral propriospinal tract is one of three propriospinal tracts in which most pathways intrinsic to the spinal cord are located. The others are the dorsal propriospinal tract and the lateral propriospinal tract ( Carpenter-1983; Schoenen-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventral intersegmental fasciculus of spinal cord","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior intersegmental fasciculus of spinal cord","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventral fasciculus proprius of spinal cord","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventral intersegmental tract of spinal cord","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior intersegmental tract of the spinal cord","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior fasciculus proprius","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior ground bundle","synonymSource":"Schoenen-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Spinal Cord: Connections","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"ventral propriospinal tract","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculi proprii anteriores","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculus proprius anterior medullae spinalis","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculi proprii ventrales","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"anterior white column","parentNeuroNamesId":"1304","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1304","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1736","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1289712953","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"superior cerebellar peduncle","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1736","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure of the brainstem, which in NeuroNames is subdivided into the superior cerebellar peduncle of the pons, the decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle and the superior cerebellar peduncle of the midbrain.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"brakium konjuntivum","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"pedunculus cerebellaris superior","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"pedunkel serebelar superior","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"superior cerebellar peduncle","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"203"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"brachium conjunctivum","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"130"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superior cerebellar peduncle","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"203"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"superior cerebellar peduncle (Galen, Stilling)","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"superior cerebellar peduncle","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"203"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Pedunculus cerebellaris superior","synonymSource":"Oertel-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"Zur zyto- und myeloarchitektonik des Rhombencephalon des Rhesusaffen (Macaca mulatta Zimmerman)","pubMedHits":"10"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Brachium conjunctivum","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"130"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Pedunculus cerebellaris superior","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"10"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus cerebello-tegmentalis mesencephali","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An 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conjunctivum","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"130"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Pedunculus cerebellaris rostralis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Bindearm","synonymSource":"Schultze-1993","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomisches Wörterbuch","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"peduncolo cerebellare superiore","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"верхняя мозжечковая ножка","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"верхняя ножка мозжечка","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"передние ножки мозжечка","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"pedúnculo cerebeloso superior","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"cerebellar peduncles","parentNeuroNamesId":"1207","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1207","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1737","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1322293009","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"mediane Zone (Formatio reticularis)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1737","cDefinition":"refers to one of three parts of the reticular formation of the brainstem subdivided longitudinally on the basis of histochemical stains for neurotransmitters and related enzymes, connectivity, cytoarchitecture and function as well as conventional stains for Nissl substance and myelin. It is located in the very midline of the brainstem and includes the many raphe nuclei (classical) whose neurons are predominantly serotonergic. The other parts are the mediale magnozellulare Zone (Formatio reticularis) and the laterale parvozellulare Zone (Formatio reticularis) ( Schiebler-1999 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"mediane Zone (Formatio reticularis)","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1738","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1327123556","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"aberrant fibers (Dejerine)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1738","cDefinition":"refers to fine fiber bundles that separate from corticobulbar fibers at different levels of the midbrain and pons and join to form the mesencephalic aberrant tract and the pontine aberrant tract as parts of the medial lemniscus ( Kahle-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"aberrant fibers (Dejerine)","synonymSource":"Kahle-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Color Atlas of Human Anatomy
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\r\nVolume 3: Nervous System and Sensory Organs","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus praestitialis","synonymSource":"Kahle-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"Taschenatlas der Anatomie
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The medial part of these two cisterns is referred to as the suprasellar cistern. The anterior basal cistern is a cerebrospinal fluid filled expansion of subarachnoid space that extends from the Dorsum sellae to the anterior extreme of the cranial cavity. Continuous with the interpeduncular cistern caudally, it bounds the mammillary body, the infundibular stem, the optic tract, the optic chiasm, the olfactory tract, the olfactory bulb and adjacent areas of the frontal lobe. It includes the chiasmatic cistern ( Schiebler-1999; Kretschmann-2004 ). \r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior basal cistern","synonymSource":"Kretschmann-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Cranial Neuroimaging and Clinical Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"vordere Basalzisterne","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1744","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1796900335","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral propriospinal tract","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1744","cDefinition":"refers to a collection of nerve fibers, ascending, descending, crossed and uncrossed, that interconnect various levels of the spinal cord. Its fibers are largely myelinated. It is a component of the lateral white columns. Most prominent in the cervical and lumbar regions, it is located close to the spinal central gray. Shorter fibers are closer to, longer fibers further from the gray The tract is one of three propriospinal tracts in which most pathways intrinsic to the spinal cord are located. The others are the ventral propriospinal tract and the dorsal propriospinal tract ( Carpenter-1983; Schoenen-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral fasciculus proprius of spinal cord","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral intersegmental fasciculus of spinal cord","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral intersegmental tract of spinal cord","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral ground bundle","synonymSource":"Schoenen-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Spinal Cord: Connections","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral propriospinal tract","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculi proprii laterales","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculus proprius lateralis medullae spinalis","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"lateral white column","parentNeuroNamesId":"1673","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1673","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1746","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1898887170","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"spinal segments","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1746","cDefinition":"refers to parts of the spinal cord that correspond to five divisions of the vertebral column. They include the cervical segments, thoracic segments, lumbar segments, sacral segments and coccygeal segments ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"spinal segments","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"1031"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Segmenta medullae spinalis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Spinalsegmente","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Rückenmarkssegmente","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1747","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1906562046","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"branchiomeric cranial nerves","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1747","cDefinition":"refers to the five cranial nerves that contain the special visceral efferents: the trigeminal nerve, facial nerve, vagus nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, and accessory nerve ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"saraf-otak brankiomer","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"saraf-otak lengkung viseral","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"visceral arch nerves","synonymSource":"Noback-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"The Human Nervous System: Basic Principles of Neurobiology","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"branchiomeric cranial nerves","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Kiemenbogennerven","synonymSource":"Kahle-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"Taschenatlas der Anatomie
\r\nVolume 3: Nervensystem und Sinnesorgane","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1748","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2135190251","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"plexus of Exner","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1748","cDefinition":"is a myeloarchitectural term denoting a horizontal plexus of myelinated fibers in the molecular layer of the cerebral cortex ( Schiebler-1999 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"plexus of Exner","synonymSource":"Gray-1918b","synonymSourceTitle":"The Interior of the Skull","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Exner-Streifen","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1749","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"698","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"visual-auditory cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1749","cDefinition":"refers to a region at the junction of the parietal lobe, the temporal lobe and the occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex that is defined on the basis of function ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"visual-auditory cortex","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1750","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"793","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"archicortex (Carpenter)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1750","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure of the endbrain that includes all substructures of archicortex except the paraterminal gyrus ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"archicortex (Carpenter)","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1751","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"923","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterior gray column","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1751","cDefinition":"refers to one of three central gray columns of the spinal cord. It is composed of lamina VIII and lamina IX ( Schiebler-1999 ). The other columns are the lateral gray column and the posterior gray column. Because of its appearance in cross section it is also called the anterior or ventral horn ( Carpenter-1983 ). In addition to the human it is found in the macaque ( NeuroNames ), rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Hof-2000 ). Functionally it is a major component of the somatic motoneuron pools of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"tanduk anterior","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"tanduk kelabu anterior","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior gray column","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior horn","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"2069"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior gray horn","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventral horn","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"1677"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"ventral horn spinal cord","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"ventral horn of the spinal cord","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventral gray column","synonymSource":"Waxman-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Clinical Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"ventral horn of the spinal cord, general","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Cornu anterius","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"6"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Columna anterior","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Vorderhorn","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Vordersäule","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"colonna grigia anteriore","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"corno anteriore","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"передний столб","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Mozga Cheloveka (Atlas of the Human Brain)","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"asta anterior","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"columna gris anterior","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"asta gris anterior","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"somatic motoneuron pools","parentNeuroNamesId":"3394","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3394","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1752","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1590685356","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"cerebellar commissure","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1752","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the medullary body of the cerebellum of the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). It is not readily distinguished in myelin stained cross-sections.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"cerebellar commissure","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"7"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"cerebellar tracts","parentNeuroNamesId":"3010","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3010","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1753","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1576160992","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Acg cell group","standardAcronym":"Acg","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1753","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells fluorescent for norepinephrine that are located in the periaqueductal gray at the level of the trochlear nucleus in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri) and to a lesser degree in the macaque ( Felten-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"noradrenergic group Acg","synonymSource":"Felten-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Monoamine distribution in primate brain V. Monoaminergic nuclei: anatomy, pathways and local organization.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Acg cell group","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1754","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1574102744","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"parvalbumin-containing nucleus of the hypothalamus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1754","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells that label for parvalbumin; they are located at the lateral border of the lateral hypothalamic area in the mouse ( Hof-2000 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"parvalbumin-containing nucleus of the hypothalamus","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1755","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1569581914","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"beta subnucleus of the inferior olive","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1755","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells in the inferior olivary complex of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"inferior olive, beta subnucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"beta subnucleus of the inferior olive","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1756","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1560544054","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"superior central nucleus raphe","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1756","cDefinition":"refers to the combination of the median raphe nucleus and the paramedian raphe nucleus in the midline of the pontine reticular formation. The combination is found in the human ( Hornung-2012 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ), and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). Functionally it is part of the behavioral state system ( Swanson-2004 ). (Note that the term 'superior central nucleus' was long used in reference simply to the median raphe nucleus.)","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"superior central nucleus raphe","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"central superior medial nucleus","synonymSource":"Hornung-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Raphe Nuclei","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"central superior nucleus of the raphe","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"median and paramedian raphe nuclei","synonymSource":"Hornung-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Raphe Nuclei","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"superior central nucleus raphe (Bechterew)","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"raphe nuclei (functional)","parentNeuroNamesId":"3382","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3382","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1757","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1515580044","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"supratrigeminal nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1757","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells located dorsal to the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve in the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ), and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). Functionally it belongs to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"supratrigeminal nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"33"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"reticular formation (functional)","parentNeuroNamesId":"2915","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2915","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1758","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1493941217","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"C1 cell group","standardAcronym":"C1","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1758","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells that label for PNMT, the enzyme that converts norepinephrine to epinephrine (adrenalin); thus, they are regarded as 'putative adrenergic cells'. They are found in the ventrolateral medulla in conjunction with the noradrenergic group A1. The adrenergic group C1 is seen in vertebrates, including rodents and primates ( Kitahama-1994 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"C1 adrenaline cells","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"adrenergic group C1","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"C1 cell group","synonymSource":"Smeets-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Catecholamines in the CNS of vertebrates: current concepts of evolution and functional significance","pubMedHits":"25"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"adrenergic cell groups","parentNeuroNamesId":"3140","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3140","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Monoamine Cell Groups","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1759","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1446111096","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventromedial nucleus of the thalamus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1759","cDefinition":"refers to a substructure of the ventral group of the dorsal thalamus defined on the basis of connectivity and function in the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001, Hof-2000 ). (See Models Where It Appears below). It is equivalent to part of the ventral nuclear group lateral to the submedial nucleus in the classical segmentation of the thalamus.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"ventromedial nucleus of the thalamus","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"ventral medial nucleus thalamus","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"ventromedial thalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"72"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"ventral medial nucleus of the thalamus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"ventral group of the dorsal thalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"2878","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2878","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1760","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1416727325","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventral tuberomammillary nucleus - obsolete","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1760","cDefinition":"","parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1761","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1399738243","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"xiphoid nucleus of the thalamus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1761","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells in the reuniens nucleus of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) and the rat ( Swanson-1998 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"xiphoid thalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"nucleus reuniens, rostral division, median part","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"xiphoid nucleus of the thalamus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1762","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1392665310","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterior intralaminar nucleus of the thalamus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1762","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells ventral and medial to the medial geniculate body in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"posterior intralaminar thalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"posterior intralaminar nucleus of the thalamus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1763","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1374190671","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventral tenia tecta","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1763","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the tenia tecta of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) and the rat where it contains three layers ( Swanson-1998 ); the other is the dorsal tenia tecta.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"ventral tenia tecta","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"tenia tecta, ventral part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Mixed","organism":"rat","synonymName":"taenia tecta, ventral part","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"tenia tecta","parentNeuroNamesId":"1870","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1870","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1764","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1312289307","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal hippocampal commissure","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1764","cDefinition":"refers to a tract that joins the CA fields of left and right sides in the mouse (Paxinos-2001) and the rat ( Swanson-1998 ). Forming the roof of the third ventricle anteriorly, it accompanies the alveus posteriorly.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"dorsal hippocampal commissure","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"22"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"hippocampal commissure","parentNeuroNamesId":"273","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=273","brainStructureType":"White Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1766","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1285495067","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lobule V","standardAcronym":"V","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1766","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the culmen in an alternate segmentation of the vermis of the cerebellum; the other is lobule IV ( Carpenter-1983, Swanson-1998 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"lobule V","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"46"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"lobule V","synonymSource":"Madigan-1971","synonymSourceTitle":"Cerebellum of the Rhesus Monkey: Atlas of lobules, laminae, and folia, in sections","pubMedHits":"46"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"culmen","parentNeuroNamesId":"659","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=659","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1767","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1178931936","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial parietal association cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1767","cDefinition":"refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined area of the cerebral cortex in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"medial parietal association cortex","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1768","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1117507247","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"precommissural nucleus","standardAcronym":"PrC","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1768","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells located rostral and ventral to the posterior commissure at the rostral extreme of the midbrain tegmentum. It is so named because of it's location rostral to the commissural nucleus of the periaqueductal gray ( Swanson-2004 ). It is found in the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), rat ( Swanson-1998 ), and mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). \r\nThe precommisural nucleus is one of eleven groups of cells comprising the motor periaqueductal gray ( Swanson-2004 ). Functionally the motor periaqueductal gray belongs to the central gray of the behavior control column ( Swanson-2004 ). For other components of the motor periaqueductal gray click below: Models Where It Appears > Functional CNS Model - Rat.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"precommissural nucleus, periaqueductal gray (Paxinos-Watson)","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"precommissural nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"17"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"motor periaqueductal gray","parentNeuroNamesId":"3411","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3411","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1769","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1080372086","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterior part ventral cochlear nucleus - obsolete","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1769","cDefinition":"","parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1770","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1074182073","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"telencephalic DA cell group","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1770","cDefinition":"refers to a population of cells immunoreactive for dopamine and tyrosine hydroxylase that are broadly distributed in the rostral forebrain, including such structures as: substantia innominata, diagonal band, olfactory tubercle, piriform area, striatum (at levels rostral to the anterior commissure), claustrum, and deep cortical layers of all gyri of the frontal lobe rostral to the head of the caudate nucleus; the cells are also numerous in intervening white matter, including the external capsule, extreme capsule and frontal white matter. They are found in the rodent, the macaque and the human ( Dubach-1994 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"telencephalic DA neurons","synonymSource":"Dubach-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Telencephalic dopamine cells in monkeys, humans, and rats","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"telencephalic dopaminergic group","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"telencephalic dopamine cells","synonymSource":"Dubach-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Telencephalic dopamine cells in monkeys, humans, and rats","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"telencephalic DA cell group","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"dopaminergic cell groups","parentNeuroNamesId":"3138","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3138","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Monoamine Cell Groups","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1771","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1053574759","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"parapyramidal nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1771","cDefinition":"refers to a small group of cells located lateral to the pyramid of the medulla in the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). Some authors show it as a narrow band of cells immediately adjacent to the pyramid and composed of two parts: the deep part of the parapyramidal nucleus and the superficial part of the parapyramidal nucleus ( Swanson-2004 ). Others show it as an oval group of cells between the pyramidal tract and the lateral paragigantocellular nucleus ( Paxinos-2012; Franklin-2008; Hof-2000 ). \r\nFunctionally it belongs to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"parapyramidal nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"6"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"peripyramidal nucleus","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"reticular formation (functional)","parentNeuroNamesId":"2915","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2915","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1772","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1050184726","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventral part of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1772","cDefinition":"refers to one of three parts of the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus in the rat as subdivided on the basis of multiple criteria. The others are the anterior part of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus and the ventral part of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus. Functionally the dorsomedial nucleus is part of the hypothalamic periventricular region of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ). In the rat and mouse the nucleus is subdivided differently by different authors; see dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus, ventral part","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"DMV","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"362"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"ventral part of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"397","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=397","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1773","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1030005175","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral stripe of the striatum","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1773","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells located between the striatum and the piriform area near the nucleus accumbens in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001, Hof-2000 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"lateral stripe of the striatum","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"lateral striatal stripe","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1774","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1001478284","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"amygdalar capsule","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1774","cDefinition":"refers to a layer of white matter that separates the amygdala from the endopiriform claustrum and adjacent cerebral cortex in the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). It is continuous dorsally with the external capsule.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"amygdalar capsule","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"cerebrum related medial forebrain bundle system","parentNeuroNamesId":"3020","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3020","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1775","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-999210447","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"compact part of nucleus incertus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1775","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the nucleus incertus, a group of cells located dorsomedially in the pontine tegmentum of the rat. The other is the diffuse part of nucleus incertus ( Swanson-1998 ). Functionally the nucleus incertus is one of the raphe nuclei (functional) in the behavioral state system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"nucleus incertus, compact part","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"compact part of nucleus incertus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"nucleus incertus","parentNeuroNamesId":"1093","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1093","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1776","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-978701585","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"piriform amygdalar area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1776","cDefinition":"refers to a transitional zone at the boundary between the amygdala and and the piriform area of cerebral cortex in the rat ( Swanson-1998; Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000; Franklin-2008 ). In the human ( Mai-1997 ) and macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ) it is not distinguished from the postpiriform transition area. ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"piriform-amygdaloid area","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"piriform amygdaloid area","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"piriform-amygdalar area","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"piriform amygdalar area","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"rostral amygdalopiriform area","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009b","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"olfactory areas (rodent)","parentNeuroNamesId":"2867","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2867","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1777","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-975815906","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"stratum lucidum","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1777","cDefinition":"is a cytoarchitectural term denoting the layer of the CA3 field of the CA fields that is deep to the pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus and superficial to the stratum radiatum of the hippocampus ( Hof-2000 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"stratum lucidum","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"262"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"stratum lucidum, hippocampus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1778","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-966771805","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral part of the supramammillary nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1778","cDefinition":"refers to one of two subdivisions of the supramammillary area (or nucleus) in rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). The other is the medial part of the supramammillary nucleus. Medial and lateral parts are not distinguished in the human ( Saper-2004 ) or the macaque ( Bleier-1984 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"submammillothalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"supramammillary nucleus, lateral part","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"lateral part of the supramammillary nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"supramammillary area","parentNeuroNamesId":"417","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=417","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1779","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-966015062","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"A4 cell group","standardAcronym":"A4","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1779","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells exhibiting noradrenergic fluorescence that, in the rat, are located in the Tegmen ventriculi quarti (roof of the fourth ventricle) ventral to the cerebellar nuclei ( Dahlstrom-1964 ) and in the macaque are found at the edge of the lateral recess of the fourth ventricle caudally, extending to beneath the floor of the ventricle where they merge with the noradrenergic group A6, the locus ceruleus ( Felten-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"A4 cell group","synonymSource":"Smeets-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Catecholamines in the CNS of vertebrates: current concepts of evolution and functional significance","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"noradrenergic group A4","synonymSource":"Felten-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Monoamine distribution in primate brain V. Monoaminergic nuclei: anatomy, pathways and local organization.","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"noradrenergic cell groups","parentNeuroNamesId":"3139","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3139","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Monoamine Cell Groups","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1780","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-945142551","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dysgranular insular cortex (Roberts)","standardAcronym":"DI","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1780","cDefinition":"refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined area of the insula. It is distinguished from neighboring agranular insular cortex (Roberts) by the presence of granule cells and from granular insula, on the opposite side, by the presence of a single, interrupted layer of lesser numbers of granule cells instead of two distinct layers. The density of granule cells follows a declining gradient from the border with granular insula to the border with agranular insular cortex (Roberts).\r\nIn primates the dysgranular cortex forms a wide band that crosses the central insula obliquely between its caudoventral and rostrodorsal extremes ( Roberts-1963; Roberts-1970 ). In the human it is subdivided into three parts caudorostrally: insular dysgranular area 1, insular dysgranular area 2, and insular dysgranular area 3 ( Zilles-2012).\r\nIts location in the macaque is similar to that in the human, but it is not subdivided ( Roberts-1963; Paxinos-2009a ). In the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) it is located on the smooth ventrolateral surface of the rostral third of the cerebral cortex, dorsal to the agranular insular cortex (Roberts) and ventral to the secondary somatosensory cortex (rostrally) and the granular insula (caudally).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"dysgranular insular cortex","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"11"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"gustatory area","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"37"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"gustatory cortex","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"103"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"dysgranular insular area","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"7"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"dysgranular insula","synonymSource":"Pritchard-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Gustatory System","pubMedHits":"8"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"Cortex insularis dysgranularis","synonymSource":"Roberts-1963","synonymSourceTitle":"Insular and opercular cortex and its thalamic projection in Macaca mulatta","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1781","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-890109753","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"cell bridges of the ventral striatum","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1781","cDefinition":"refers to groups of cells that interdigitate between fascicles of the medial forebrain bundle in the rodent ( Paxinos-2001 ). See also striatal cell bridges.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"cell bridges of the ventral striatum","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"cell bridges of ventral striatum","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1782","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-874182392","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"tuberal area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1782","cDefinition":"refers to the undifferentiated, cell-sparse zone or \"shell\" around the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus ( Swanson-1998 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"tuberal area, hypothalamus","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"tuber cinereum area","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"tuberal area of hypothalamus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"tuberal area","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"21"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1783","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-871862933","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"subependymal glial membrane","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1783","cDefinition":"refers to a layer of astrocytes beneath the ependyma, which lines the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"subependymal glial membrane","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1784","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-816636130","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"striatal fundus (rodent)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1784","cDefinition":"refers to a transition zone between the striatum and the substantia innominata lateral to nucleus accumbens in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). The definition is more restricted than that of the fundus striati (primate), which includes the nucleus accumbens ( Heimer-1995 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"fundus of the striatum","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"fundus striati","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"36"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"striatal fundus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"striatal fundus (rodent)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"extended striatum","parentNeuroNamesId":"2674","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2674","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1785","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-763870337","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsolateral periaqueductal gray","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1785","cDefinition":"refers to one of four longitudinal cell columns in the periaqueductal gray, which surrounds the dorsal and lateral aspects of the cerebral aqueduct in the midbrain tegmentum. Revealed best by stain for nitiric oxide synthase (NADPH-diaphorase), it is found in the human, macaque, rat ( Carrive-2012 ), and mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). It stains heavily compared to the dorsomedial periaqueductal gray column medial to it and similarly to the heavily stained lateral periaqueductal gray column and ventrolateral periaqueductal gray column ventral to it.\r\nFunctionally all of the columns belong to the motor periaqueductal gray of the behavior control column in the cerebrospinal trunk ( Swanson-2004 ). For other components of the motor periaqueductal gray click below: Models Where It Appears > Functional CNS Model - Rat.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"periaqueductal gray, dorsolateral division (Beitz)","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"dorsolateral periaqueductal gray","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"99"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"periaqueductal gray, dorsolateral division","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsolateral division of midbrain central gray","synonymSource":"Beitz-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Central Gray","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral dorsal subnucleus of the midbrain central gray","synonymSource":"Beitz-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Central Gray","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"motor periaqueductal gray","parentNeuroNamesId":"3411","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3411","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1786","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-740903888","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"central part of the medial dorsal nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1786","cDefinition":"refers to one of four parts of the medial dorsal nucleus in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) and the rat ( Swanson-1998 ). The others are the lateral part of the medial dorsal nucleus, the medial part of the medial dorsal nucleus and the intermediodorsal nucleus.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus, central part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, central part","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"central part of the mediodorsal nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"central part of the medial dorsal nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"medial dorsal nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"312","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=312","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1787","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-718477323","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"B9 cell group","standardAcronym":"B9","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1787","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells fluorescent for serotonin that is located in the pontine tegmentum, ventral to the B8 cell group. In the human they are found predominantly in the median raphe nucleus with some scattered laterally into the paramedian raphe nucleus ( Hornung-2012 ). In the macaque they are found in the ventral part of the median raphe nucleus and adjacent structures ( Felten-1983 ). In the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ) they are distributed horizontally dorsal to and within the medial lemniscus of the pons ( Dahlstrom-1964 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"B9 serotonin cells","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"serotonergic B9 field","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"serotonergic group B9","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"group B9","synonymSource":"Dahlstrom-1964","synonymSourceTitle":"Evidence for the existence of monoamine-containing neurons in the central nervous system","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"B9 cell group","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"8"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"serotonergic cell groups","parentNeuroNamesId":"3137","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3137","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Monoamine Cell Groups","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1788","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-711877820","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"terete hypothalamic nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1788","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells in the lateral hypothalamic area of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). It may correspond to the lateral tuberal nuclei of the primate based on a staining characteristic ( Saper-1990 ). It is one of four parts of the tuberal nucleus defined on the basis of multiple criteria. Functionally it belongs to the motor lateral hypothalamus, which is part of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"terete hypothalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"terete nucleus of the hypothalamus","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"tuberal nucleus, lateral condensation","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"tuberal nucleus, terete part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"tuberal nucleus, terete subnucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"tuberal nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"1890","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1890","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1789","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-648541416","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medullary reticular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1789","cDefinition":"refers to the portion of the medullary reticular formation located caudal to the gigantocellular nucleus and the inferior olive of the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). Different authors subdivide it differently. But, all regard it as including two parts, the dorsal part of the medullary reticular nucleus and the ventral part of the medullary reticular nucleus ( Swanson-2000 ).\r\nMany consider the transition zone between the dorsal and ventral parts to be a separate structure, a caudal extension of the intermediate reticular nucleus, which separates the gigantocellular nucleus and the parvicellular reticular nucleus more rostrally ( Paxinos-2012; Paxinos-2009b; Paxinos-2009a; Hof-2000 ). Some further subdivide the ventral part of the medullary reticular nucleus of the macaque to include a medial medullary reticular nucleus ( Paxinos-2009a ). \r\nFunctionally the medullary reticular nucleus belongs to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"medullary reticular nucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"18"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"reticular formation (functional)","parentNeuroNamesId":"2915","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2915","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1790","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-600395065","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterodorsal preoptic nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1790","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells in the preoptic area of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) and the rat ( Swanson-1998 ). Functionally it belongs to the hypothalamic periventricular region of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"anterodorsal preoptic nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"2"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"hypothalamic periventricular region","parentNeuroNamesId":"2905","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2905","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1791","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-559582406","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventral part of the anterior cingulate area","standardAcronym":"2","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1791","cDefinition":"refers to a cortical area defined by cytoarchitecture in the mouse and rat. It is located on the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere together with the dorsal part of the anterior cingulate area ( Paxinos-2001 ). Together they constitute the anterior cingulate area ( Swanson-1998 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"anterior cingulate cortex, ventral part","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"cingulate cortex, area 2","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"anterior cingulate area, ventral part","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rodent","synonymName":"ventral part of the anterior cingulate area","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"anterior cingulate area","parentNeuroNamesId":"1812","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1812","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1792","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-537484069","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"diffuse part of nucleus incertus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1792","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the nucleus incertus, a group of cells located dorsomedially in the pontine tegmentum of the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). The other part is the compact part of nucleus incertus. Functionally the nucleus incertus is one of the raphe nuclei (functional) in the behavioral state system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"nucleus incertus, diffuse part","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"central gray, alpha part","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"diffuse part of nucleus incertus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Mixed","organism":"rat","synonymName":"central gray matter, pars alpha (Meessen-Olszewski)","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"nucleus incertus","parentNeuroNamesId":"1093","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1093","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1793","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-527468512","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"infracerebellar nucleus","standardAcronym":"Inf","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1793","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells distributed in the cerebellar white matter between the lateral vestibular nucleus, nucleus y and the inferior cerebellar peduncle of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) and the rat ( Swanson-1998 ). Functionally it belongs to the vestibulomotor regions of the behavior control column ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"infracerebellar nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"14"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"vestibulomotor regions","parentNeuroNamesId":"2900","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2900","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1794","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-486572827","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventral part of the medullary reticular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1794","cDefinition":"refers to the more ventromedial of two parts of the medullary reticular nucleus in the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). The other is the more dorsolateral dorsal part of the medullary reticular nucleus ( Swanson-2004 ). Some authors further divide the ventral part in the macaque to include a medial reticular nucleus ( Paxinos-2009a ).\r\nMany authors consider the transition zone between the dorsal and ventral parts to be a separate structure, a caudal extension of the intermediate reticular nucleus, which separates the gigantocellular nucleus and the parvicellular reticular nucleus more rostrally ( Paxinos-2012; Paxinos-2009b; Paxinos-2009a; Hof-2000 ).\r\nFunctionally the medullary reticular nucleus belongs to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"medullary reticular nucleus, ventral part","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"ventral part of the medullary reticular nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"ventral reticular nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009a","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain, Second Edition","pubMedHits":"17"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"medullary reticular nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"1789","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1789","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1795","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-454495102","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ectorhinal area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1795","cDefinition":"refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined cortical area on the lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) and the rat ( Swanson-1998 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"ectorhinal cortex","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"6"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"ectorhinal area","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"2"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"polymodal association cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"2725","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2725","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1796","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-454300707","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"parafloccular sulcus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1796","cDefinition":"refers to a space in the cerebellum of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) and the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) that separates the paraflocculus from several other cerebellar lobules located dorsal to it at different levels. These include the rodent homologs of a part of the biventer lobule (copula), the gracile lobule (paramedian lobule), the inferior semilunar lobule (crus 2), the superior semilunar lobule (crus 1), and the simple lobule ( Swanson-1998 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"parafloccular sulcus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1797","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-384756955","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"nucleus z","standardAcronym":"Z","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1797","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells adjacent to the solitary nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) or surrounded by it in the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). In the functional model of central nervous system organization it is classified as part of the subcortical somatosensory system ( Swanson-2004 ) (see Models Where It Appears below).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"nucleus Z","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"13"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"nucleus z (Brodal-Pompeiano)","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"nucleus z","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"13"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"somatosensory system","parentNeuroNamesId":"2887","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2887","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"subcortical somatosensory system","parentNeuroNamesId":"3349","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3349","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1798","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-316526715","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"A15 cell group","standardAcronym":"A15","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1798","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells fluorescent for dopamine in a few species, such as sheep, and immunoreactive for tyrosine hydroxylase, a precursor of dopamine, in many other species including rodents and primates. It is located in ventral and dorsal components within the preoptic periventricular nucleus and adjacent parts of the anterior hypothalamic region. It is continuous caudally with the dopaminergic group A14 ( Tillet-1994 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"dopaminergic group A15","synonymSource":"Tillet-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Catecholaminergic neuronal systems in the diencephalon of mammals","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"A15 cell group","pubMedHits":"3"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"dopaminergic cell groups","parentNeuroNamesId":"3138","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3138","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Monoamine Cell Groups","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1799","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-284818594","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"A2 cell group","standardAcronym":"A2","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1799","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells in the vicinity of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve in the medulla that label for norepinephine in primates ( Felten-1983 ) and rodents ( Dahlstrom-1964 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"A2 cell group","synonymSource":"Smeets-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Catecholamines in the CNS of vertebrates: current concepts of evolution and functional significance","pubMedHits":"27"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"noradrenergic group A2","synonymSource":"Felten-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Monoamine distribution in primate brain V. Monoaminergic nuclei: anatomy, pathways and local organization.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"A2 noradrenaline cells","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"noradrenergic cell groups","parentNeuroNamesId":"3139","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3139","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Monoamine Cell Groups","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1800","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-278898222","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventral hippocampal commissure","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1800","cDefinition":"refers to a tract that joins the fimbria of the CA fields of left and right sides in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) and the rat ( Swanson-1998 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"ventral hippocampal commissure","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"26"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"hippocampal commissure","parentNeuroNamesId":"273","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=273","brainStructureType":"White Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1801","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-270591433","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"magnocellular reticular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1801","cDefinition":"refers to the most ventral portion of the gigantocellular nucleus in the medullary reticular formation. Some authors regard it as composed of two parts: the alpha part of the gigantocellular reticular nucleus and the ventral part of the gigantocellular reticular nucleus. Located at the base of the medulla between the lateral paragigantocellular nucleus and the midline or nucleus raphe magnus, it is found in the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-1998 ), and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). Functionally it belongs to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"magnocellular reticular nucleus","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"9"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"magnocellular reticular nucleus, ventral part (Cajal)","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"cat","synonymName":"magnocellular reticular nucleus (Berman)","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"alpha and ventral parts of the gigantocellular reticular nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009a","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain, Second Edition","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"reticular formation (functional)","parentNeuroNamesId":"2915","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2915","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1802","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-197316282","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"retrosplenial granular area","standardAcronym":"RSG","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1802","cDefinition":"refers to one of two divisions of retrosplenial cortex of cerebral cortex in the primate and one of two or three divisions in the rodent. It is defined by Nissl stain and located near the splenium of the corpus callosum. Cytoarchitecturally it is distinguished from the retrosplenial granular area, by the absence of a distinct granular layer. In primates it occupies a narrow strip of the isthmus of the cingulate gyrus deep in the callosal sulcus. It is identified with area 30 of Brodmann (human) ( Zilles-2004 ) and with area 30 (macaque) ( Vogt-1987 ). When seen in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Dong-2004 ) it is on the dorsomedial surface of the cerebral cortex lateral to the retrosplenial dysgranular area and medial to the mediomedial area of the secondary visual cortex.","parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"retrosplenial area","parentNeuroNamesId":"2436","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2436","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1803","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-167350015","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventrolateral periaqueductal gray","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1803","cDefinition":"refers to one of four longitudinal cell columns in the periaqueductal gray that surrounds the cerebral aqueduct in the midbrain tegmentum. Revealed best by stain for nitiric oxide synthase (NADPH-diaphorase), it is found in the human, macaque, rat ( Carrive-2012 ), and mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). Located ventral to the lateral periaqueductal gray column and ventrolateral to the cerebral aqueduct, it also stains lightly. The other two columns are the lightly staining dorsomedial periaqueductal gray and the heavily staining dorsolateral periaqueductal gray. \r\nFunctionally all four columns belong to the motor periaqueductal gray of the behavior control column ( Swanson-2004 ). For other components of the motor periaqueductal gray click below: Models Where It Appears > Functional CNS Model - Rat.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"ventrolateral periaqueductal gray","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"209"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"periaqueductal gray, ventrolateral division","synonymSource":"Carrive-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Periaqueductal Gray","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1804","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-148997689","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"caudal periolivary nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1804","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells located caudal to the superior olivary complex in the medulla of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"caudal periolivary nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1805","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-48304322","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal fornix (rodent)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1805","cDefinition":"refers to the portion of the fornix that adheres to the ventral surface of the corpus callosum in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) and the rat ( Swanson-1998 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"dorsal fornix","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"48"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rodent","synonymName":"dorsal fornix (rodent)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"fornix system","parentNeuroNamesId":"3044","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3044","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1806","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"21114008","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal tenia tecta","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1806","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the tenia tecta of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) and the rat where it contains four sublayers ( Swanson-1998 ); the other is the ventral tenia tecta.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"dorsal tenia tecta","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"tenia tecta, dorsal part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Mixed","organism":"rat","synonymName":"taenia tecta, dorsal part","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"tenia tecta","parentNeuroNamesId":"1870","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1870","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1807","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"21827536","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"magnocellular preoptic nucleus - obsolete","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1807","cDefinition":"","parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1808","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"48196518","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"rostral linear nucleus of the raphe","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1808","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the linear nucleus of the raphe in the ventral midbrain tegmentum. It is located in the midline, dorsal to the interfascicular nucleus and the interpeduncular nucleus at the level of the red nucleus. In the human ( Paxinos-1990a ) and the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), defined on the basis of acetylcholinesterase stain, it is located in the midline caudally but extends dorsolaterally above the red nucleus rostrally. Authors who define raphe nuclei in the human on the basis of stains for serotonin synthesis do not classify the rostral nucleus with the raphe nuclei (functional) ( Hornung-2012 ). In the rat ( Swanson-2004 ), and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) it is located in the midline for its full extent.The other component of the linear nucleus of the raphe is the caudal linear nucleus of the raphe. Functionally both are parts of the behavioral state system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"rostral linear nucleus of the raphe","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"rostral linear nucleus raphe","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"raphe nuclei (classical)","parentNeuroNamesId":"2495","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2495","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"raphe nuclei (functional)","parentNeuroNamesId":"3382","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3382","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1809","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"62307591","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"caudal interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1809","cDefinition":"refers to cells found within the medial longitudinal fasciculus of the medulla in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"caudal interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1810","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"73609237","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"White Primary Structure","standardName":"superficial white layer of the superior colliculus","standardAcronym":"scsw","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1810","cDefinition":"refers to the third outermost layer of the seven-layered superior colliculus. It is located between the superficial gray layer of the superior colliculus and the middle gray layer of the superior colliculus ( Carpenter-1983 ). In the functional CNS model it is one of three layers that constitute the sensory superior colliculus of the subcortical visual system (see Models Where It Appears below). The other layers are the zonal layer of the superior colliculus and the superficial gray layer of the superior colliculus ( Swanson-2004 ). It is present in primates and rodents.\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superficial white layer of the superior colliculus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"optic nerve layer of the superior colliculus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"optic layer","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"40"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"optic layer of the superior colliculus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"superior colliculus optic layer","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Stratum opticum","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"184"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"strato ottico","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"strato bianco superficiale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"capa blanca superficial","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"estrato óptico","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"capa óptica","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"superior colliculus","parentNeuroNamesId":"473","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=473","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"sensory superior colliculus","parentNeuroNamesId":"2892","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2892","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1811","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"95721598","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"A9 cell group","standardAcronym":"A9","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1811","cDefinition":"refers to the most densely packed group of cells fluorescent for dopamine in the ventrolateral midbrain of rodents ( Dahlstrom-1964 ) and primates ( Felten-1983 ). It is for the most part identical with the pars compacta of the substantia nigra as defined on the basis of Nissl stains.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"A9 cell group","synonymSource":"Smeets-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Catecholamines in the CNS of vertebrates: current concepts of evolution and functional significance","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"dopaminergic group A9","synonymSource":"Felten-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Monoamine distribution in primate brain V. Monoaminergic nuclei: anatomy, pathways and local organization.","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"dopaminergic cell groups","parentNeuroNamesId":"3138","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3138","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Monoamine Cell Groups","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1812","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"140304423","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterior cingulate area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1812","cDefinition":"refers to a cortical area defined by cytoarchitecture in the mouse and rat. It is located on the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere. It consists of two subareas, dorsal part of the anterior cingulate area and ventral part of the anterior cingulate area ( Swanson-1998 ).The equivalent in primates is considered to be the anterior cingulate cortex.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"anterior cingulate area","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"47"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"anterior cingulate area","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"47"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"polymodal association cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"2725","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2725","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1813","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"169910044","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anteroventral preoptic nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1813","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells in the preoptic area of the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). Functionally it belongs to the hypothalamic periventricular region of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"anteroventral preoptic nucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"6"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"hypothalamic periventricular region","parentNeuroNamesId":"2905","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2905","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1814","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"179065176","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"intertrigeminal nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1814","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells located between the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve and the principal sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). Some authors regard it as part of the parvicellular part of the motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve ( Swanson-1998 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"intertrigeminal nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"8"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1815","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"182266749","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral part of the medial dorsal nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1815","cDefinition":"refers to one of four parts of the medial dorsal nucleus in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) and the rat ( Swanson-1998 ). The others are the central part of the medial dorsal nucleus, the medial part of the medial dorsal nucleus, and the intermediodorsal nucleus.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, lateral part","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus, lateral part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"lateral part of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"lateral part of the mediodorsal nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"lateral part of the medial dorsal nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"medial dorsal nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"312","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=312","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1816","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"208927283","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventral anterolateral nucleus of the thalamus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1816","cDefinition":"refers to one of five substructures of the ventral group of the dorsal thalamus defined on the basis of connectivity and function in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). (See Models Where It Appears below). In the classical segmentation of the thalamus it is equivalent to part of the ventral nuclear group located lateral and inferior to the anteroventral nucleus of the thalamus. ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"ventral anterior-lateral complex of the thalamus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"ventral anterolateral nucleus of the thalamus","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"ventral group of the dorsal thalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"2878","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2878","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1817","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"238632932","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"external genu of the facial nerve","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1817","cDefinition":"refers to a bend in the facial nerve within the facial canal of the cranium ( DeJong-1979 ). It is not part of the brain.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"second genu","synonymSource":"Barr-1988","synonymSourceTitle":"The Human Nervous System: an Anatomical Viewpoint","pubMedHits":"18"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"external genu of facial nerve","synonymSource":"DeJong-1979","synonymSourceTitle":"The Neurologic Examination: Incorporating the Fundamentals of Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"external genu of the facial nerve","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1818","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"240533419","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Ats cell group","standardAcronym":"Ats","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1818","cDefinition":"refers to a very small group of cells that showed weak catecholaminergic fluorescence in the solitary tract of the squirrel monkey (Saimiri), but not in either of two macaque species ( Felten-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Saimiri","synonymName":"catecholaminergic group Ats","synonymSource":"Felten-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Monoamine distribution in primate brain V. Monoaminergic nuclei: anatomy, pathways and local organization.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Ats cell group","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1819","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"311472075","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"B4 cell group","standardAcronym":"B4","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1819","cDefinition":"refers to a few cells fluorescent for serotonin located in the floor of the fourth ventricle, in the vicinity of the vestibular nuclei and abducens nucleus in the rat ( Dahlstrom-1964 ) and in the caudal interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). A comprehensive study of monoaminergic cell groups in the macaque and the squirrel monkey did not identify a B4 cell group distinct from other groups in the region ( Felten-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"B4 serotonin cells","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"serotonergic group B4","synonymSource":"Dahlstrom-1964","synonymSourceTitle":"Evidence for the existence of monoamine-containing neurons in the central nervous system","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"B4 cell group","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"serotonergic cell groups","parentNeuroNamesId":"3137","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3137","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Monoamine Cell Groups","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1820","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"355206819","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"parietal association cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1820","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of the cerebral cortex in the mouse. In the atlas of Paxinos and Franklin it is composed of the lateral parietal association cortex and the medial parietal association cortex ( Paxinos-2001 ). In the atlas of Hof et al. it includes a posterior area ( Hof-2000 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"parietal association cortex","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"115"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1821","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"374777352","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"temporal association areas","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1821","cDefinition":"refers to regions of the temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex that are defined on the basis of connectivity ( Crosby-1962 ). They are located on the lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere dorsal to the ectorhinal area and ventral to the ventral area of the secondary auditory cortex ( Paxinos-2001; Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"ventral temporal association areas","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"temporal association cortex","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"37"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"temporal association areas","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"14"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"polymodal association cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"2725","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2725","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1822","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"453472987","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"superficial gray layer of the superior colliculus","standardAcronym":"SCsg","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1822","cDefinition":"refers to the outermost gray layer of the seven-layered superior colliculus. It is located just deep to the ourtermost zonal layer of the superior colliculus ( Carpenter-1983 ). In the functional CNS model it is one of three layers that constitute the sensory superior colliculus of the subcortical visual system (see Models Where It Appears below). The other layers are the zonal layer of the superior colliculus and the superficial white layer of the superior colliculus ( Swanson-2004 ). It is present in primates and rodents.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superficial gray layer of superior colliculus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"5"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"outer gray layer of superior colliculus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superficial gray layer","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"111"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"superior colliculus, superficial gray layer","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"superficial gray layer of the superior colliculus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Stratum griseum superficiale","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"151"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Stratum cinereum","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"stratum griseum I, superficiale","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"strato cinereo","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"strato grigio esterno","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"superior colliculus","parentNeuroNamesId":"473","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=473","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"sensory superior colliculus","parentNeuroNamesId":"2892","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2892","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1823","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"469026879","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal nucleus of the accessory optic tract","standardAcronym":"DT","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1823","cDefinition":"refers to one of three terminal nuclei of the accessory optic tract. It is located ventromedial to the brachium of the superior colliculus in the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ) and near the ventrolateral border of the brachium of the superior colliculus in the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). The other two terminal nuclei are the medial nucleus of the accessory optic tract and the lateral nucleus of the accessory optic tract. Functionally they are three of six magnocellular nuclei of the midbrain reticular nucleus that belong to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"dorsal terminal nucleus accessory optic tract","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"dorsal terminal nucleus of the accessory optic tract","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"dorsal terminal nucleus of the accessory optic tract","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"dorsal terminal nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009a","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain, Second Edition","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"dorsal nucleus of the accessory optic tract","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"magnocellular nuclei of the midbrain reticular nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"2917","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2917","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1824","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"469230060","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"B8 cell group","standardAcronym":"B8","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1824","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells fluorescent for serotonin located dorsal to the B9 cell group in the median raphe nucleus and adjacent structures of the pontine reticular formation of the rodent ( Dahlstrom-1964 ) and the primate ( Felten-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"primate","synonymName":"serotonergic group B8","synonymSource":"Felten-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Monoamine distribution in primate brain V. Monoaminergic nuclei: anatomy, pathways and local organization.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"B8 cell group","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"serotonergic cell groups","parentNeuroNamesId":"3137","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3137","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Monoamine Cell Groups","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1825","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"481836550","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"microcellular tegmental nucleus","standardAcronym":"MiTg","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1825","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells that partially overlap the lateral lemniscus in the pontine tegmentum of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). Some authors regard it to be part of the sagulum nucleus ( Swanson-1998 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"microcellular tegmental nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"6"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1826","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"512116441","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"simple fissure","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1826","cDefinition":"refers to a superficial feature of the cerebellar cortex in the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ) that separates the declive from the simple lobule. In the rat it extends to separate two sublobules of the the simple lobule ( Swanson-1998 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"simple fissure","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1827","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"541625423","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"stratum lemnisci - obsolete","standardAcronym":"","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1827","cDefinition":"","parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1828","cNIDType":"h","cNID":"555439230","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"White Primary Structure","standardName":"zonal layer of the superior colliculus","standardAcronym":"SCz","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1828","cDefinition":"refers to the outermost of seven layers of the superior colliculus as identified by internal structure; it is composed largely of neuronal fibers ( Carpenter-1983 ). In the functional CNS model it is one of three layers that constitute the sensory superior colliculus of the subcortical visual system (see Models Where It Appears below). The other layers of the sensory superior colliculus are the superficial gray layer of the superior colliculus and the superficial white layer of the superior colliculus ( Swanson-2004 ). It is present in primates and rodents.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"strato zonale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"superior colliculus, zonal layer","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"stratum zonale of superior colliculus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"zonal layer of superior colliculus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"zonal layer of the superior colliculus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superficial white layer","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"zona layer of the superior colliculus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009a","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain, Second Edition","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Stratum zonale colliculi superioris","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Mixed","organism":"human","synonymName":"Stratum zonale of midbrain","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"поясной слой","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"superior colliculus","parentNeuroNamesId":"473","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=473","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"sensory superior colliculus","parentNeuroNamesId":"2892","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2892","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1829","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"587159041","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal auditory areas","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1829","cDefinition":"refers to one of three subdivisions of the auditory cortex of the cerebral cortex that are defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). They are involved in the perception of sounds. This subdivision is located dorsal to the primary auditory cortex, which is in turn dorsal to the third subdivision, the ventral auditory areas.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"dorsal auditory areas","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"secondary auditory cortex, dorsal area","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"auditory cortex, dorsal part","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"auditory cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"1556","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1556","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1830","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"600244078","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"interanteromedial nucleus of the thalamus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1830","cDefinition":"refers to one of a set of substructures of the midline thalamus grouped on the basis of connectivity and function ( Swanson-2004 ). It consists of a group of nerve cells that bridge the midline of the thalamus between the anteromedial nucleus of the thalamus of the left and right sides in the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). It is more developed and consistently present in rodents than in the macaque ( Kusama-1970 ) and the human, where 30% of individuals lack an interthalamic adhesion. In those cases the two sides of the thalamus are not joined, thus they have no bridging nuclei ( Crosby-1962 ). It belongs to the polymodal association thalamus in the Functional CNS Model - Rat (see Models Where It Appears below).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"anterior commissural nucleus (Cajal)","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"interanteromedial nucleus thalamus","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"interanteromedial thalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"interanteromedial nucleus of the thalamus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus interanteromedialis","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fuscata","synonymName":"Nucleus interanteromedialis","synonymSource":"Kusama-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Brain of Macaca fuscata","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"anterior group of the dorsal thalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"2883","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2883","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1831","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"625473982","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"infralimbic area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1831","cDefinition":"refers to a cytoarchitectonic area on the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere in and the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). It is located near the genu of the corpus callosum, ventral to the prelimbic area and dorsal to the dorsal peduncular area. Functionally it is part of the visceral cortex in rodents ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"infralimbic area","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"34"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"infralimbic cortex","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"159"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"visceral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"2709","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2709","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1832","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"625590955","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"A17 cell group","standardAcronym":"A17","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1832","cDefinition":"refers to cells fluorescent for dopamine located in the retina of vertebrates, including rodents and primates ( Smeets-1994 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"dopaminergic group A17","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"A17 cell group","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"dopaminergic cell groups","parentNeuroNamesId":"3138","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3138","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Monoamine Cell Groups","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1833","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"656025680","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"mediolateral area of the secondary visual cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1833","cDefinition":"refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined area of the cerebral cortex in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). It is located medial to the primary visual cortex and lateral to the mediomedial area of the secondary visual cortex. See also visual cortex (rodent).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"secondary visual cortex, mediolateral area","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"mediolateral area of the secondary visual cortex","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1834","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"716168999","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"prerubral field (mouse)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1834","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells located in the vicinity of the fields of Forel, anterior to the red nucleus in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001, Hof-2000 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"prerubral field (mouse)","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1835","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"735947572","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"A10 cell group","standardAcronym":"A10","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1835","cDefinition":"refers to the largest group of cells fluorescent for dopamine in the ventral midbrain tegmentum of rodents ( Dahlstrom-1964 ) and primates ( Felten-1983 ). It corresponds largely to the ventral tegmental area, the linear nucleus of the raphe and, in primates, the part of periaqueductal gray located between the left and right oculomotor nuclear complex as defined by Nissl stains.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"dopaminergic group A10","synonymSource":"Felten-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Monoamine distribution in primate brain V. Monoaminergic nuclei: anatomy, pathways and local organization.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"A10 cell group","synonymSource":"Smeets-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Catecholamines in the CNS of vertebrates: current concepts of evolution and functional significance","pubMedHits":"13"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"dopaminergic cell groups","parentNeuroNamesId":"3138","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3138","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Monoamine Cell Groups","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1836","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"781735567","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterior mammillary nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1836","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells at the caudal extreme of the mammillary body in the mouse ( Hof-2000 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"posterior mammillary nucleus","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"1"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1837","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"810633198","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"A6 cell group","standardAcronym":"A6","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1837","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells fluorescent for noradrenaline that are identical with the locus ceruleus as identified by Nissl stain ( Dahlstrom-1964 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"A6 cell group","synonymSource":"Smeets-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Catecholamines in the CNS of vertebrates: current concepts of evolution and functional significance","pubMedHits":"7"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"noradrenergic group A6","synonymSource":"Felten-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Monoamine distribution in primate brain V. Monoaminergic nuclei: anatomy, pathways and local organization.","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"noradrenergic cell groups","parentNeuroNamesId":"3139","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3139","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Monoamine Cell Groups","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1838","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"895869173","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"gemini hypothalamic nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1838","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells located in the lateral hypothalamic area of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"gemini hypothalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1839","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"928337023","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"rolandic areas","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1839","cDefinition":"refers to a set of four functionally defined areas that surround the central sulcus (aka Rolandic fissure) in primates. The primary motor cortex (MI) and primary somesthetic area (SI) meet at the bottom of the central sulcus; the supplementary motor cortex (MII) and secondary somesthetic area (SII) are located more distally ( Woolsey-1958 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"primate","synonymName":"rolandic sensory and motor fields","synonymSource":"Woolsey-1958","synonymSourceTitle":"Organization of Somatic Sensory and Motor Areas of the Cerebral Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"primate","synonymName":"rolandic areas","synonymSource":"Woolsey-1958","synonymSourceTitle":"Organization of Somatic Sensory and Motor Areas of the Cerebral Cortex","pubMedHits":"32"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1840","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"941886508","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"core of the nucleus accumbens","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1840","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the nucleus accumbens ( Paxinos-2001 ). See also shell of the nucleus accumbens.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"accumbens nucleus, core","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"core of the nucleus accumbens","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1841","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"943298164","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"intermediate nucleus of the lateral lemniscus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1841","cDefinition":"refers to the more dorsal of two parts of the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus in the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008, Hof-2000 ). The other part is the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (Paxinos). Functionally it is part of the subcortical auditory system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"intermediate nucleus of the lateral lemniscus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"rat","synonymName":"nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, horizontal part\r\n","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1842","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"952072315","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterior part ventral cochlear nucleus - obsolete","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1842","cDefinition":"","parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1843","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"961809996","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral nucleus of the accessory optic tract","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1843","cDefinition":"refers to one of three terminal nuclei of the accessory optic tract, different combinations of which are found in different species. It is located at the lateral border of the crus cerebri in the midbrain of the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). The other two terminal nuclei are the dorsal nucleus of the accessory optic tract and the medial nucleus of the accessory optic tract. \r\nFunctionally the terminal nuclei are three of six magnocellular nuclei of the midbrain reticular nucleus that belong to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"lateral terminal nucleus of the accessory optic tract","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"lateral terminal nucleus accessory optic tract","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"lateral terminal nucleus (pretectum)","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009a","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain, Second Edition","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"lateral nucleus of the accessory optic tract","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"magnocellular nuclei of the midbrain reticular nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"2917","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2917","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1844","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"991540460","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lobule III","standardAcronym":"III","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1844","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the central lobule of the cerebellum in an alternate segmentation of the vermis of the cerebellum; the other is lobule II ( Carpenter-1983, Swanson-1998 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"lobule 3","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"lobule III","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"13"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"3rd Cerebellar lobule","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"lobule III","synonymSource":"Madigan-1971","synonymSourceTitle":"Cerebellum of the Rhesus Monkey: Atlas of lobules, laminae, and folia, in sections","pubMedHits":"13"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"central lobule","parentNeuroNamesId":"658","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=658","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"central lobule","parentNeuroNamesId":"658","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=658","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1845","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1008310363","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsomedial periaqueductal gray","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1845","cDefinition":"refers to one of four longitudinal cell columns in the periaqueductal gray of the midbrain tegmentum revealed by stain for nitiric oxide synthase (NADPH-diaphorase). It is found in the human, macaque, rat ( Carrive-2012 ) and mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). Located in the midline dorsal to the cerebral aqueduct, it stains lightly compared to the adjacent dorsolateral periaqueductal gray column. The other two columns are the lateral periaqueductal gray and the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray. \r\nFunctionally the dorsomedial periaqueductal gray is part of the motor periaqueductal gray of the behavior control column ( Swanson-2004 ). For other components of the motor periaqueductal gray click below: Models Where It Appears > Functional CNS Model - Rat.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"dorsomedial periaqueductal gray","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"6"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"periaqueductal gray, dorsal division","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal subnucleus of the midbrain central gray","synonymSource":"Carrive-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Periaqueductal Gray","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Griseum centrale mesencephalis, subnucleus dorsalis","synonymSource":"Olszewski-1954","synonymSourceTitle":"Cytoarchitecture Of The Human Brainstem","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"motor periaqueductal gray","parentNeuroNamesId":"3411","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3411","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1846","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1041600291","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"mediomedial area of the secondary visual cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1846","cDefinition":"refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined area of the cerebral cortex in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). It is located medial to the mediolateral area of the secondary visual cortex. See also visual cortex (rodent).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"secondary visual cortex, mediomedial area","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"mediomedial area of the secondary visual cortex","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1847","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1078960101","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"brachium pontis (Paxinos)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1847","cDefinition":"refers to the portion of the middle cerebellar peduncle that forms the most ventral portion of the basal pons in the rodent ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"brachium pontis (Paxinos)","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"stem of middle cerebellar peduncle","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1848","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1080688601","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"paraflocculus (rodent)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1848","cDefinition":"refers to parts of the hemisphere of the posterior lobe of the cerebellum in the rodent that correspond to the cerebellar tonsil and the biventer lobule in the human ( Larsell-1972 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rodent","synonymName":"paraflocculus (rodent)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"paraflocculus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"205"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"hemispheric regions","parentNeuroNamesId":"2872","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2872","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1849","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1081875743","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal periolivary region","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1849","cDefinition":"refers to one of four cell groups identified by Nissl stain in the periolivary region of the superior olivary complex of the macaque. The others are the medioventral periolivary nucleus, the lateroventral periolivary nucleus, and the superior paraolivary nucleus ( Paxinos-2009a ). Some authors identify it in the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ) as well. Functionally it is part of the subcortical auditory system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"dorsal periolivary region","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1850","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1082046427","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"A11 cell group","standardAcronym":"A11","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1850","cDefinition":"refers to a small group of cells fluorescent for dopamine that are located in the posterior periventricular nucleus and the intermediate periventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in the macaque ( Felten-1983 ). In the rat, small numbers of cells assigned to this group are also found in the posterior hypothalamic area, the supramammillary area and the reuniens nucleus ( Dahlstrom-1964 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"A11 cell group","synonymSource":"Smeets-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Catecholamines in the CNS of vertebrates: current concepts of evolution and functional significance","pubMedHits":"8"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"A11 dopamine cells","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"dopaminergic group A11","synonymSource":"Felten-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Monoamine distribution in primate brain V. Monoaminergic nuclei: anatomy, pathways and local organization.","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"dopaminergic cell groups","parentNeuroNamesId":"3138","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3138","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Monoamine Cell Groups","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1851","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1082054710","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"A13 cell group","standardAcronym":"A13","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1851","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells fluorescent for dopamine and distributed in clusters that, in the primate, are ventral and medial to the mammillothalamic tract of the hypothalamus; a few extend into the reuniens nucleus of the thalamus ( Felten-1983 ). In the mouse A13 is located ventral to the mammillothalamic tract of the thalamus in the zona incerta ( Paxinos-2001 ).\r\nFunctionally it belongs to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"dopaminergic group A13","synonymSource":"Felten-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Monoamine distribution in primate brain V. Monoaminergic nuclei: anatomy, pathways and local organization.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"A13 cell group","synonymSource":"Smeets-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Catecholamines in the CNS of vertebrates: current concepts of evolution and functional significance","pubMedHits":"8"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"A13 dopamine cells","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"zona incerta, dopaminergic group","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"zona incerta (functional)","parentNeuroNamesId":"2913","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2913","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"dopaminergic cell groups","parentNeuroNamesId":"3138","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3138","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Monoamine Cell Groups","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1852","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1082154310","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"B5 cell group","standardAcronym":"B5","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1852","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells fluorescent for serotonin in the midline nucleus raphe pontis and adjacent areas in the rodent ( Dahlstrom-1964 ) and the primate ( Felten-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"primate","synonymName":"serotonergic group B5","synonymSource":"Felten-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Monoamine distribution in primate brain V. Monoaminergic nuclei: anatomy, pathways and local organization.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"B5 cell group","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"serotonergic cell groups","parentNeuroNamesId":"3137","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3137","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Monoamine Cell Groups","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1853","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1102172308","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"circular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1853","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells located in the central part of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus in the anterior hypothalamic region of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). Functionally it belongs to the magnocellular neuroendocrine cell groups of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"circular nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"5"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"nucleus circularis","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"40"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"accessory supraoptic group","parentNeuroNamesId":"2936","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2936","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1854","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1107480690","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medioventral periolivary nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1854","cDefinition":"refers to one of four cell groupsi identified by Nissl stain in the periolivary region of the macaque. The others are the lateroventral periolivary nucleus, the superior paraolivary nucleus, and the dorsal periolivary region ( Paxinos-2009a ). It is also identified by some authors in the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). Functionally it is part of the subcortical auditory system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"medioventral periolivary nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1855","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1176115025","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"mammillary recess","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1855","cDefinition":"refers to an extension of the third ventricle posteriorly into a position between the left and the right mammillary body in the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"mammillary recess of the 3rd ventricle","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"mammillary recess","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"11"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"third ventricle, mammillary recess","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"third ventricle","parentNeuroNamesId":"446","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=446","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1856","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1206264985","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ependyma","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1856","cDefinition":"refers to a single layer of cuboidal cells that lines the ventricles of brain, the cerebral aqueduct, and the central canal of the spinal cord; it originates from the ependymal layer of the neural tube ( Carpenter-1983 ). see also subependymal zone.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"ependyma","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"1705"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1857","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1300201652","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"B2 cell group","standardAcronym":"B2","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1857","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells fluorescent for serotonin that occupies the midline nucleus raphe obscurus and adjacent structures in the caudal medulla of the rodent ( Dahlstrom-1964 ) and the primate ( Felten-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"serotonergic group B2","synonymSource":"Felten-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Monoamine distribution in primate brain V. Monoaminergic nuclei: anatomy, pathways and local organization.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"B2 cell group","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"serotonergic cell groups","parentNeuroNamesId":"3137","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3137","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Monoamine Cell Groups","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1858","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1336411178","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lobule IV","standardAcronym":"IV","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1858","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the culmen of the cerebellum in an alternate segmentation of the vermis of the cerebellum; the other is lobule V ( Carpenter-1983, Swanson-1998 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"lobule IV","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"10"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"lobule IV","synonymSource":"Madigan-1971","synonymSourceTitle":"Cerebellum of the Rhesus Monkey: Atlas of lobules, laminae, and folia, in sections","pubMedHits":"10"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"culmen","parentNeuroNamesId":"659","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=659","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1859","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1339092509","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"B3 cell group","standardAcronym":"B3","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1859","cDefinition":"refers to a large group of cells fluorescent for serotonin that occupies the midline nucleus raphe magnus and adjacent structures in the caudal medulla of the rodent ( Dahlstrom-1964 ) and the primate ( Felten-1983 ). Its boundary with the serotonergic group B1 is indistinct.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"serotonergic group B3","synonymSource":"Felten-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Monoamine distribution in primate brain V. Monoaminergic nuclei: anatomy, pathways and local organization.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"B3 cell group","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"5"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"serotonergic cell groups","parentNeuroNamesId":"3137","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3137","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Monoamine Cell Groups","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1860","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1340025947","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"accessory abducens nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1860","cDefinition":"refers to a small cluster of neurons in the pontine reticular formation of the rat ( Swanson-1998 ). Crosby-1962 questioned whether, in the human, it exists independently of the accessory facial nucleus. Functionally it belongs to the somatic motoneuron pools of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"accessory abducens nucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"27"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"somatic motoneuron pools","parentNeuroNamesId":"3394","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3394","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1861","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1353368089","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"compact part of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1861","cDefinition":"refers to a part of the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus in the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ), and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). It is the only subpart of the nucleus in the macaque. The rodents, however, have in addition a dorsal part of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus and a ventral part of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus ( Paxinos-2009b; Franklin-2008 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus, compact part","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"compact part of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1862","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1356618733","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"retina","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1862","cDefinition":"refers to the layer of neural tissue at the back of the inner surface of the eye that detects light. In the functional model of central nervous system organization it is classified as part of the subcortical visual system ( Swanson-2004 ). In the classical model, where neural structures are classified according to location relative to the cranial vault and spinal canal, it is part of the peripheral nervous system. In the developmental model, where structures are grouped based upon the part of the embryonic nervous system from which they are derived, it is part of the Telencephalon.\r\nThe optics of the eye focus an upside-down image of the visual world on the retina, which serves much the same function as the array of microscopic light sensors in a digital camera. Light striking the retina initiates a cascade of chemical and electrical events that ultimately trigger nerve impulses to the brain. Note that the rods and cones, the color sensitive cells of the retina, face the back of the eye; so light reaching them passes first through multiple thin layers of neurons before stimulating them.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"retina","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"55563"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Netzhaut","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"сетчатка","synonymSource":"Jablonski-1958","synonymSourceTitle":"Russian-English Medical Dictionary","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"subcortical visual system","parentNeuroNamesId":"2886","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2886","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1863","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1386443582","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"zona limitans","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1863","cDefinition":"refers to a narrow area between the nucleus of stria terminalis and the septal nuclei in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) and the rat ( Swanson-1998 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"zona limitans","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"57"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1864","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1387459526","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"A1 cell group","standardAcronym":"A1","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1864","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells in the vicinity of the lateral reticular nucleus of the medullary reticular formation that label for norepinephine in primates ( Felten-1983 ) and rodents ( Dahlstrom-1964 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"noradrenergic group A1","synonymSource":"Felten-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Monoamine distribution in primate brain V. Monoaminergic nuclei: anatomy, pathways and local organization.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"A1 noradrenaline cells","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"A1 cell group","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"52"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"noradrenergic cell groups","parentNeuroNamesId":"3139","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3139","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Monoamine Cell Groups","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1865","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1412872736","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterior pretectal nucleus","standardAcronym":"PPT","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1865","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells in the pretectal region of the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). It belongs to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"posterior pretectal nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"48"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"pretectal region (functional)","parentNeuroNamesId":"2916","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2916","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1866","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1460531574","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"nucleus x","standardAcronym":"X","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1866","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells located near the inferior cerebellar peduncle and the spinal trigeminal tract of the medulla in the human ( Holstein-2012 ), macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). Functionally it belongs to the vestibulomotor regions of the behavior control column ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"nucleus x (Brodal-Pompeiano)","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"nucleus X","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"33"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleus x","synonymSource":"Holstein-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"The Vestibular System","pubMedHits":"33"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Group-x","synonymSource":"Holstein-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"The Vestibular System","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"vestibulomotor regions","parentNeuroNamesId":"2900","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2900","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1867","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1474437688","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"A16 cell group","standardAcronym":"A16","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1867","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells fluorescent for dopamine located in the olfactory bulb of vertebrates, including rodents and primates ( Smeets-1994 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"dopaminergic group A16","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"A16 cell group","synonymSource":"Smeets-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Catecholamines in the CNS of vertebrates: current concepts of evolution and functional significance","pubMedHits":"2"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"dopaminergic cell groups","parentNeuroNamesId":"3138","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3138","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Monoamine Cell Groups","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1868","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1520382872","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"intermediodorsal nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1868","cDefinition":" refers to one of four parts of the medial dorsal nucleus in the midline thalamus of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). It consists of cells grouped on the basis of connectivity and function ( Swanson-2004 ). They bridge the midline of the thalamus between other parts of the medial dorsal nucleus of the left and right sides. More developed and consistently present in rodents than in primates ( Crosby-1962 ), it belongs to the polymodal association thalamus in the Functional CNS Model - Rat (see Models Where It Appears below).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"intermediodorsal nucleus thalamus","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"intermediodorsal thalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"intermediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"intermediodorsal nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"medial dorsal nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"312","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=312","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1869","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1520965107","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"subparaventricular zone","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1869","cDefinition":"refers a narrow area between the periventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and the anterior hypothalamic area ventral to the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. It is found in the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). It is not shown in brain atlases of the human ( Saper-2012 ) and the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ). Functionally it is part of the behavioral state system ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"subparaventricular zone of the hypothalamus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"subparaventricular zone hypothalamus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"subparaventricular zone","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"67"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"behavioral state system","parentNeuroNamesId":"2875","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2875","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1870","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1523220150","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"tenia tecta","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1870","cDefinition":"refers to a continuation ventrally of the supracallosal gyrus beyond the rostrum of the corpus callosum. It is demonstrated histologically by Nissl stain. In the human ( Anthoney-1994 ) and the macaque ( Paxinos-2004 ) it lies on the rostral surface of the lamina terminalis and is considered identical to or part of the paraterminal gyrus. In the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) it is located similarly in relation to the supracallosal gyrus, however, it is a more prominent layered structure that extends rostrally on the medial surface overlying the anterior olfactory nucleus. It is considered part of the olfactory areas (rodent) of the cerebral cortex. In rodents it consists of two parts, the dorsal tenia tecta and the ventral tenia tecta. Note that some authors use the term 'tenia tecta' or 'taenia tecta' as a synonym for the lateral longitudinal stria ( Riley-1943 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"tenia tecta","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"69"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"tenia tectum","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"rat","synonymName":"taenia tecta","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"32"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"olfactory areas (rodent)","parentNeuroNamesId":"2867","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2867","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1871","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1523722762","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"A7 cell group","standardAcronym":"A10","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1871","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells fluorescent for norepinephrine that is located in the pontine reticular formation ventral to the superior cerebellar peduncle of the pons in rodents ( Dahlstrom-1964 ) and in primates ( Felten-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"noradrenergic group A7","synonymSource":"Felten-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Monoamine distribution in primate brain V. Monoaminergic nuclei: anatomy, pathways and local organization.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"A7 noradrenaline cells","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"A7 cell group","synonymSource":"Smeets-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Catecholamines in the CNS of vertebrates: current concepts of evolution and functional significance","pubMedHits":"12"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"noradrenergic cell groups","parentNeuroNamesId":"3139","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3139","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Monoamine Cell Groups","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1872","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1551267592","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"retrochiasmatic part of the supraoptic nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1872","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the supraoptic nucleus as demonstrated by Nissl stain in the hypothalamus of the human, macaque, rat and mouse. It is the more ventromedial part. In the human ( Mai-1997 ) and the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ) it is bounded laterally by the optic tract. In the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) it is relatively smaller and thinner and is bounded laterally by the supraoptic decussations, which lie atop the optic tract. In all four species it is partially bounded medially by the larger retrochiasmatic area. It does not appear in the mouse brain atlases of Hof-2000 and Dong-2004. \r\nThe other part is the dorsolateral part of the supraoptic nucleus, which is also known as the 'supraoptic nucleus proper'. The retrochiasmatic part is located more rostrally, in the anterior hypothalamic region. The dorsolateral part is more posterior in the intermediate hypothalamic region. \r\nFunctionally the supraoptic nucleus belongs to the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"supraoptic nucleus, retrochiasmatic part","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"retrochiasmatic part of the supraoptic nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"supraoptic nucleus, ventromedial part","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"supraoptic nucleus, retrochiasmatic part","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009a","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain, Second Edition","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"supraoptic nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"385","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=385","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1873","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1555115431","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"B1 cell group","standardAcronym":"B1","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1873","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells fluorescent for serotonin that occupies the midline nucleus raphe pallidus and adjacent structures in the caudal medulla of the rodent ( Dahlstrom-1964 ) and the primate ( Felten-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"serotonergic group B1","synonymSource":"Felten-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Monoamine distribution in primate brain V. Monoaminergic nuclei: anatomy, pathways and local organization.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"B1 cell group","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"serotonergic cell groups","parentNeuroNamesId":"3137","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3137","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Monoamine Cell Groups","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1874","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1579454617","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"perirhinal cortex (rodent) - obsolete","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1874","cDefinition":"","parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1876","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1629396088","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"nucleus of the vertical limb of the diagonal band","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1876","cDefinition":"refers to the part of the nucleus of the diagonal band associated with the more medial, vertical portion of the diagonal band ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"nucleus of vertical limb of the diagonal band","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"nucleus of the vertical limb of the diagonal band","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1877","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1669983191","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"C2 cell group","standardAcronym":"C2","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1877","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells that label for PNMT, the enzyme that converts norepinephrine to epinephrine (adrenalin); thus, they are regarded as 'putative adrenergic cells'. They are found in the dorsomedial medulla in conjunction with the noradrenergic group A2.They are seen in vertebrates, including rodents and primates ( Kitahama-1994 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"C2 adrenaline cells","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"adrenergic group C2","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"C2 cell group","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"6"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"adrenergic cell groups","parentNeuroNamesId":"3140","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3140","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Monoamine Cell Groups","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1878","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1672125268","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"agranular insular cortex (Roberts)","standardAcronym":"AI","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1878","cDefinition":"refers to a portion of the insula defined on the basis of internal structure in primates. In the human ( Roberts-1970 ) it is located in the anterior insula between the orbital gyri rostrally and the dysgranular insular cortex (Roberts) caudally. In the macaque ( Roberts-1963, Paxinos-2009a ) its rostral border is with the fronto-orbital gyrus.\r\nNote that it is not the same as the agranular insula or the agranular insular area ( Mesulam-1984, Zilles-2012 ). Differences in criteria for identifying agranular, dysgranular, and granular architectonic areas have led to two different segmentations of the insular cortex in primates.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"agranular insular cortex (Roberts)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"agranular insula cortex","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009a","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain, Second Edition","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"Cortex insularis agranularis","synonymSource":"Roberts-1963","synonymSourceTitle":"Insular and opercular cortex and its thalamic projection in Macaca mulatta","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1879","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1709890647","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"parastrial nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1879","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells ventromedial to the nucleus of stria terminalis in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) and the rat ( Swanson-1998 ). Functionally it belongs to the hypothalamic periventricular region of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"parastrial nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"14"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"parastriatal nucleus","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"hypothalamic periventricular region","parentNeuroNamesId":"2905","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2905","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1880","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1719889173","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"A12 cell group","standardAcronym":"A12","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1880","cDefinition":"refers to a small group of cells fluorescent for dopamine in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus in primates ( Felten-1983 ). In the rat a few cells belonging to this group are also seen in the anteroventral portion of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus ( Dahlstrom-1964 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"A12 dopamine cells","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"dopaminergic group A12","synonymSource":"Felten-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Monoamine distribution in primate brain V. Monoaminergic nuclei: anatomy, pathways and local organization.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"A12 cell group","synonymSource":"Smeets-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Catecholamines in the CNS of vertebrates: current concepts of evolution and functional significance","pubMedHits":"3"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"dopaminergic cell groups","parentNeuroNamesId":"3138","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3138","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Monoamine Cell Groups","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1881","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1726369909","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal tuberomammillary nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1881","cDefinition":"refers to the most dorsomedial and rostral of three components of the magnocellular tuberomammillary nuclei identified by Nissl stain in the posterior hypothalamic region of the rat ( Koehler-1985 ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001; Hof-2000 ). In the rat it is embedded dorsally in the posterior periventricular nucleus ( Swanson-2004 ). In the mouse it is located between the posterior hypothalamic area dorsally and the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus ventrally.\r\nIt is not identified in human ( Saper-2004; Mai-2004 ) or macaque ( Bleier-1984; Paxinos-2009a ) atlases. The other components of the magnocellular tuberomammillary nuclei are the tuberomammillary nucleus and the diffuse tuberomammillary nucleus. Functionally it is part of the behavioral state system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"dorsal tuberomammillary nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"tuberomammillary nucleus, dorsal part","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"tuberal magnocellular nucleus","synonymSource":"Kohama-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Distribution of glutamate receptor subunits in the primate temporal cortex and hippocampus","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"magnocellular tuberomammillary nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"3156","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3156","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1882","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1745472156","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal part of the medullary reticular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1882","cDefinition":"refers to the more dorsolateral of two parts of the medullary reticular nucleus in the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). The other is the more ventromedial ventral part of the medullary reticular nucleus ( Swanson-2004 ).\r\nMany authors consider the transition zone between the dorsal and ventral parts to be a separate structure, a caudal extension of the intermediate reticular nucleus, which separates the gigantocellular nucleus and the parvicellular reticular nucleus more rostrally ( Paxinos-2012; Paxinos-2009b; Paxinos-2009a; Hof-2000 ). \r\nFunctionally the medullary reticular nucleus belongs to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"medullary reticular nucleus, dorsal part","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"dorsal part of the medullary reticular nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"dorsal reticular nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009a","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain, Second Edition","pubMedHits":"40"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"medullary reticular nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"1789","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1789","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1883","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1750006372","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral entorhinal cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1883","cDefinition":"refers to one of two subdivisions of the entorhinal area in the mouse; the other is the medial entorhinal cortex ( Hof-2000 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"entorhinal cortex, lateral part","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"lateral entorhinal cortex","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"149"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1884","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1774385344","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"folium-tuber","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1884","cDefinition":"","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"folium-tuber vermis","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"folium-tuber","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"5"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"7th Cerebellar lobule","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"lobule 7","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1885","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1834734299","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"retrosplenial agranular area - obsolete","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1885","cDefinition":"","parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1886","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1842266230","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial part of the medial dorsal nucleus","standardAcronym":"MDm","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1886","cDefinition":"refers to one of four parts of the medial dorsal nucleus in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) and the rat ( Swanson-1998 ). The others are the lateral part of the medial dorsal nucleus, the central part of the medial dorsal nucleus, and the intermediodorsal nucleus.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus, medial part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, medial part","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"medial part of the mediodorsal nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"medial part of the medial dorsal nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"medial dorsal nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"312","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=312","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1887","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1846799091","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventral endopiriform nucleus - obsolete","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1887","cDefinition":"","parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1888","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1854054867","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"retrorubral field - obsolete","standardAcronym":"","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1888","cDefinition":"","parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1889","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1909899096","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Aaq cell group","standardAcronym":"Aaq","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1889","cDefinition":"refers to a sparse group of cells fluorescent for dopamine that is located in the rostral half of the periaqueductal gray in primates. It is more prominent in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri) than the macaque ( Felten-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"dopaminergic group Aaq","synonymSource":"Felten-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Monoamine distribution in primate brain V. Monoaminergic nuclei: anatomy, pathways and local organization.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Aaq cell group","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"dopaminergic cell groups","parentNeuroNamesId":"3138","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3138","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Monoamine Cell Groups","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1890","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1933488759","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"tuberal nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1890","cDefinition":"refers to one of twenty six regions, zones, and nuclei that constitute the motor lateral hypothalamus. It is a composite of four cell groups at the base of the lateral hypothalamic area and at the level of the intermediate hypothalamic region in the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). Defined on the basis of multiple criteria, the four parts are the subventromedial part of the tuberal nucleus, the intermediate part of the tuberal nucleus, the terete hypothalamic nucleus, and the lateral tuberal nucleus. Functionally the tuberal nucleus and motor lateral hypothalamus belong to the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"tuberal nucleus (Malone 1910)","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"tuberal nucleus","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"84"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"motor lateral hypothalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"2912","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2912","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1891","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1950519601","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal lateral olfactory tract","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1891","cDefinition":"refers to a fiber bundle in the olfactory bulb of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) and the rat ( Swanson-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"dorsal lateral olfactory tract","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"lateral olfactory tract, dorsal limb","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1892","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2052864707","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"waist part of the parabrachial nucleus - obsolete","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1892","cDefinition":"","parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1893","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2061724486","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"beta part of the central gray","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1893","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells in the pontine tegmentum of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"central gray, beta part","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"beta part of the central gray","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1894","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2081898093","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"copula of the pyramis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1894","cDefinition":"refers to a part of the cerebellar hemisphere in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) and the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) that corresponds laterally to the pyramis of the vermis of the cerebellum. It is regarded as the rodent homolog of the 'lateral belly' of the the biventer lobule of the human ( Voogd-1990 )","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral belly of biventer lobule","synonymSource":"Voogd-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Cerebellum and precerebellar nuclei","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"copula of the pyramis","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"rat","synonymName":"copula pyramidis","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"19"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"hemispheric regions","parentNeuroNamesId":"2872","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2872","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1895","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625535","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"B7 cell group","standardAcronym":"B7","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1895","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells fluorescent for serotonin located in the pontine central gray, the dorsal raphe nucleus and adjacent structures in the primate ( Felten-1983 ) and the rodent ( Dahlstrom-1964 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"primate","synonymName":"serotonergic group B7","synonymSource":"Felten-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Monoamine distribution in primate brain V. Monoaminergic nuclei: anatomy, pathways and local organization.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"B7 cell group","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"serotonergic cell groups","parentNeuroNamesId":"3137","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3137","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Monoamine Cell Groups","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1896","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1815835434","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 2 of Peele","standardAcronym":"2","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1896","cDefinition":"refers to a cortical area in the postcentral gyrus defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta). The author regarded it as the same as area 2 of Brodmann (guenon). The cortical thickness was 1.24 mm. The molecular layer of the cerebral cortex (I) was narrower than in area 5 of Peele and area 7 of Peele and contained more cells. The external granular layer (II) was about 9 cells deep with granule cells larger than in layer IV; an occasional small pyramidal cell was seen;and the boundary with layer III was indistinct. Cells in the external pyramidal layer (III) were densely distributed pyramidal cells, many triangular in shape, arranged in three sublayers with smaller cells in the outer sublayers and many large cells deeper. The internal granular layer (IV) was composed predominantly of very small granule cells and was about 12 cells deep. The internal pyramidal layer (V) was ill-defined and contained pyramidal cells ranging from small in the outer portion to a few large cells deeper. The multiform layer (VI) was more densely populated than in area 1 of Peele; it contained small pyramidal cells and fusiform cells, many with processes parallel to the cortical surface ( Peele-1942 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"area 2 of Peele-1942","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"area 2","synonymSource":"Peele-1942","synonymSourceTitle":"Cytoarchitecture of individual parietal areas in the monkey (Macaca mulatta) and the distribution of the efferent fibers","pubMedHits":"1042"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1897","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1795238156","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 5 of Peele","standardAcronym":"5","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1897","cDefinition":"refers to a cortical area in the parietal lobe defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta). The author regarded it as the same as area 5 of Brodmann (guenon). The cortical thickness was 1.62 mm. The molecular layer of the cerebral cortex (I) was wider than in the postcentral gyrus and contained only a few spindle cells and granule cells. The external granular layer (II) was about 8 to 10 cells deep with granule cells larger than in layer IV; an occasional very small pyramidal cell was seen. Cells in the external pyramidal layer (III) were pyramidal cells that were striking in size progression from smaller to very large in the deepest of three sublayers; it differed from area 7 of Peele in that the cells were not arranged in a radial pattern. The internal granular layer (IV) was about 15 cells thick with distinct outer and inner boundaries; it was composed predominantly of very small granule cells. The internal pyramidal layer (V) was ill-defined and contained medium to large pyramidal cells. The multiform layer (VI) was quite wide and separated from layer V by a cell-poor zone; it contained medium sized granule cells, small pyramidal cells and spindle cells of medium size ( Peele-1942 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"area 5 of Peele-1942","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"area 5","synonymSource":"Peele-1942","synonymSourceTitle":"Cytoarchitecture of individual parietal areas in the monkey (Macaca mulatta) and the distribution of the efferent fibers","pubMedHits":"510"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1898","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1917678288","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"parvicellular part of the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1898","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve in the rat. The other is the magnocellular part of the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve. Functionally both belong to the somatic motoneuron pools of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ). \r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve, parvicellular part","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"parvicellular motor 5 nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"parvicellular motor trigeminal nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"parvicellular part of the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve","parentNeuroNamesId":"559","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=559","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1899","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1468926287","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"olfactory fila - obsolete","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1899","cDefinition":"","parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1900","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1093451762","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"olfactory mucosa","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1900","cDefinition":"refers to the portion of the membrane lining the upper posterior part of the nasal cavity that contains the bipolar sensory neurons of the olfactory system. The neurons connect to the olfactory bulb by means of the olfactory nerve ( Price-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"olfactory membrane","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"8"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"olfactory epithelium","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"2193"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"olfactory mucosa","synonymSource":"Price-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Olfactory system","pubMedHits":"3108"},{"synonymLanguage":"Mixed","organism":"human","synonymName":"Pars olfactoria der Nasenschleimhaut","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1901","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"974674188","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"subventricular zone","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1901","cDefinition":"refers to a source of neuronal cells that is most developed in the embryonic brain. Identified by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling for neuronal progenitor cells, it is located between the ventricular zone and the intermediate zone in the wall of the lateral ventricle ( Pencea-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"subventricular zone","synonymSource":"Pencea-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"Neurogenesis in the subventricular zone and rostral migratory stream of the neonatal and adult primate forebrain","pubMedHits":"1692"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1902","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-2033509","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"median part of the medial mammillary nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1902","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the medial mammillary nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). It is a group of cells located dorsomedially, just ventral to the supramammillary area. The other part is the body of the medial mammillary nucleus. The median part is not defined in the human ( Saper-2004 ) or the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ). Functionally the medial mammillary nucleus is part of the behavior control column of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"medial mammillary nucleus, median part","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"median part of the medial mammillary nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"medial mammillary nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"414","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=414","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1903","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1530712919","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterior part of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1903","cDefinition":"refers to one of four parts of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus as defined by Nissl stain in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). The other three are the central part of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus, the dorsal part of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus, and the posterior part of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus. Functionally the anterior hypothalamic nucleus is part of the behavior control column of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"lateroanterior hypothalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"5"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"anterior hypothalamic nucleus, anterior part","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"anterior part of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"anterior hypothalamic nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"3143","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3143","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1904","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-57482258","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral orbital area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1904","cDefinition":"refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined subdivision of the orbital areas (rodent). It is found in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001, Hof-2000 ).\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"orbital area, lateral part","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"lateral orbital cortex","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"23"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"orbital cortex, lateral part","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rodent","synonymName":"lateral orbital area","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"9"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"orbital area lateral part","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"orbital areas (rodent)","parentNeuroNamesId":"1913","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1913","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1905","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1004372860","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial orbital area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1905","cDefinition":"refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined subdivision of the orbital areas (rodent). It is found in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001, Hof-2000 ).\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"medial orbital cortex","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"15"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"orbital cortex, medial part","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"orbital area, medial part","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rodent","synonymName":"medial orbital area","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"orbital area medial part","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"orbital areas (rodent)","parentNeuroNamesId":"1913","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1913","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1906","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1050957029","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral occipital sulcus (VEL) -obsolete","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1906","cDefinition":"","parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1907","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1024","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"prefrontal cortex (macaque) - obsolete","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1907","cDefinition":"","parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1909","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"420","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"secondary somatosensory cortex","standardAcronym":"S2","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1909","cDefinition":"refers to a portion of the parietal lobe that is defined on the basis of multiple methods and that represents the sensibility to touch stimulation of the skin. The topographic pattern is in reverse sequence to that of the primary somesthetic area ( Carpenter-1983 ). In the macaque it is located along the superior bank of the lateral fissure ( see area SII of Woolsey ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"area sensorik somatik sekunder","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"secondary somatosensory cortex","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"293"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"secondary somesthetic area","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"somatic sensory area II","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"somatic area II","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"second somatic sensory area","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"10"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"secondary sensory cortex","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"25"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"somatic sensory II","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"secondary somatosensory area","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"53"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gebiet SII","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"supplementär-somatosensorischer Kortex","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"sekundäres somatosensorisches Rindengebiet","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"area somatica sensoria II","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"area somatica secondaria","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"área somática secundaria (II)","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"área somatosensorial secundaria","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"área somatosensorial S II","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1910","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"421","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"primary motor cortex","standardAcronym":"SMC","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1910","cDefinition":"refers to a part of the cerebral cortex defined by internal structure, connectivity and function ( Matelli-2004 ). It is one of two kinds of motor cortex, the other being secondary motor cortex. In primates it is located in the part of the precentral gyrus nearest the central sulcus, the posterior boundary of the frontal lobe. In the human it is identified with area 4 of Brodmann (human) and the adjacent, caudal portion of area 6 of Brodmann (human) ( Zilles-2004 ). In the macaque it is identified with area 4 of Brodmann (guenon) and area 6a alpha of Vogts ( Woolsey-1952 ). In the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Hof-2000 ) it lies lateral to secondary motor cortex. In the rodent it extends from the frontal pole about half way to the occipital pole. See also area MI of Woolsey.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"area motorik primer","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"korteks motorik primer","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"precentral motor area","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1991","synonymSourceTitle":"Core Text of Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"primary motor area (M I)","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"primary motor cortex","synonymSource":"Zilles-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Cortex","pubMedHits":"2015"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"primary motor area","synonymSource":"Zilles-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Cortex","pubMedHits":"235"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"precentral motor cortex","synonymSource":"Wise-1985a","synonymSourceTitle":"The primate premotor cortex: past, present, and preparatory","pubMedHits":"46"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"motor cortex (Carpenter)","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"motor area (Crosby)","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"somatic motor I","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"motor strip","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"95"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"primary somatomotor area","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"primary motor area","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"235"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area F1","synonymSource":"Matelli-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Motor Cortex","pubMedHits":"7"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"primärer motorischer Kortex","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"primäre motorische Rinde","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"area precentrale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"area motoria primaria","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"área motora primaria (MI)","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"motor cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"2332","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2332","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"motor cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"2332","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2332","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Primate Motor Cortex","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"motor cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"2332","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2332","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1911","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625614","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"visual cortex (rodent)","standardAcronym":"V","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1911","cDefinition":"refers to a set of cytoarchitecturally defined areas of the cerebral cortex of the mouse and the rat that are segmented differently by the authors of different atlases. Each system includes a primary visual area, which corresponds to the primary visual cortex in the primate, and a variable number of secondary areas.\r\nOne atlas of the rat brain lists nine secondary areas: anterior laterolateral visual area, anterolateral visual area, anteromedial visual area, intermediolateral visual area, laterolateral visual area, mediolateral visual area, posterolateral visual area, rostrolateral visual area, and posteromedial visual area ( Swanson-2004 ). Another lists three areas of secondary visual cortex: lateral, mediolateral and mediomedial ( Paxinos-2009b ).\r\nOne mouse brain atlas identifies six secondary parts: rostrolateral, anterolateral, lateral, posterolateral, anteromedial and posteromedial ( Hof-2000 ); another identifies five parts: anterolateral, anteromedial, lateral posterolateral and posteromedial ( Dong-2004 ); and another identifies three secondary areas: lateral, mediolateral and mediomedial ( Paxinos-2001 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rodent","synonymName":"visual cortex (rodent)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"visual areas","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"1652"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"visual areas","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"1652"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"sensorimotor cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"2866","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2866","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1912","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-2140923109","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral part of the superior central raphe nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1912","cDefinition":"refers to one of two subnuclei of the median raphe nucleus. The other is the medial part of the superior central raphe nucleus ( Swanson-1998 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"paramedian raphe","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1913","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625623","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"orbital areas (rodent)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1913","cDefinition":"refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined set of four areas in the cerebral cortex of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). It includes the lateral orbital area, the medial orbital area, the ventral orbital area and the ventrolateral orbital area. All four areas are agranular cortex ( Krettek-1977 ). \r\nFor equivalent topological areas in the human and macaque see orbital gyri. The human and the macaque, however, do not have equivalent areas defined by internal structure. The topologically equivalent structures are occupied by orbital prefrontal cortex, almost all of which is granular cortex. The only exceptions are area 13a, area 14c, and a narrow strip of agranular orbitofrontal cortex at the caudal boundary, which is considered equivalent to the agranular insular cortex of the rat and mouse ( Preuss-1995; Wallis-2012 ). \r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"orbital area (rodent)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"orbital area","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"119"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"ORB","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"290"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"orbital area","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"119"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"orbital areas (rodent)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"polymodal association cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"2725","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2725","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1920","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625629","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"retrodorsolateral nucleus of the spinal cord","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1920","cDefinition":"refers to a group of neurons located in the anterior gray column of the spinal cord; it is found in cervical segments 8 to thoracic segments 1 and sacral segments 1 to 3 ( Nomina-1983; Jastrow-2007 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"retrodorsolateral nucleus of the spinal cord","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus retrodorsolateralis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1921","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625630","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsomedial nucleus of the spinal cord","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1921","cDefinition":"refers to a group of nerve cells located posteromedially in the anterior gray column of the spinal cord ( Nomina-1983; Dorland-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"dorsomedial nucleus of the spinal cord","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus dorsomedialis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"50"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1922","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625571","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial eminence","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1922","cDefinition":"refers to a composite of two superficial features of the floor of the fourth ventricle, the hypoglossal trigone and the facial colliculus ( Ranson-1959 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial eminence","synonymSource":"Ranson-1959","synonymSourceTitle":"The Anatomy Of The Nervous System: Its Development And Function","pubMedHits":"38"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial eminence of fourth ventricle","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Eminentia medialis","synonymSource":"Nieuwenhuys-1987","synonymSourceTitle":"Illustrations of the gross anatomy of the brain","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Eminentia medialis metencephali","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Eminentia teres","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"eminenza mediale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"срединное возвышение","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"медиальное возвышение","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"eminencia media","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1923","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625542","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"piriform cortex of the frontal lobe","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1923","cDefinition":"refers to the portion of the piriform area located in the frontal lobe ( Mai-1997 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"(pre-)piriform cortex, frontal area","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"piriform cortex of the frontal lobe","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1924","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"622","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"accessory facial nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1924","cDefinition":"refers to a small cluster of neurons dorsal to the facial nucleus in the pontine tegmentum. It has been reported for the human ( Crosby-1962 ), rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and mouse ( Dong-2004 ). Functionally it belongs to the somatic motoneuron pools of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"accessory facial nucleus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"8"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal facial nucleus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"accessory abducens nucleus (Crosby)","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"accessory abducens/facial nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"accessory facial motor nucleus","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo accessorio del N. VII","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"somatic motoneuron pools","parentNeuroNamesId":"3394","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3394","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1925","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625540","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"horizontal nucleus of the diagonal band","standardAcronym":"DBH","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1925","cDefinition":"refers to one of two subdivisions of the diagonal band in the Macaca mulatta. The other is the vertical nucleus of the diagonal band ( Jones-2005 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"horizontal nucleus of diagonal band","synonymSource":"Jones-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"BrainMaps.org","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"horizontal nucleus of the diagonal band","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1926","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625541","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"vertical nucleus of the diagonal band","standardAcronym":"DBV","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1926","cDefinition":"refers to one of two subdivisions of the diagonal band in the Macaca mulatta. The other is the horizontal nucleus of the diagonal band ( Jones-2005 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"vertical nucleus of diagonal band","synonymSource":"Jones-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"BrainMaps.org","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"vertical nucleus of the diagonal band","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1927","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625543","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"parabrachial nuclei","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1927","cDefinition":"refers to a collection of cell groups surrounding the medial, lateral, and ventral surfaces of the superior cerebellar peduncle of the pons in the pontine tegmentum. In the human they include the medial parabrachial nucleus, the lateral parabrachial nucleus, the diffuse reticular nucleus and the subpeduncular pigmented nucleus ( Paxinos-2012 ). In the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ), and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ) they include the same nuclei except that the subpeduncular pigmented nucleus is absent in those species ( Paxinos-2012 ). Functionally the cell groups belong to the viscerosensory nuclei ( Swanson-2004 ).\r\nClassically the term parabrachial nuclei referred only to the lateral parabrachial nucleus and the medial parabrachial nucleus ( Jones-2005 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"parabrachial nucleus ","synonymSource":"Jones-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"BrainMaps.org","pubMedHits":"1086"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"parabrachial nuclei","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Organization of Brainstem Nuclei","pubMedHits":"367"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"viscerosensory nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"2890","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2890","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1928","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625544","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"angular bundle","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1928","cDefinition":"refers to a part of cortical white matter found between the entorhinal area and the subiculum in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"angular bundle","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"105"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"fornix system","parentNeuroNamesId":"3044","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3044","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1929","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625545","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal part of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1929","cDefinition":"refers to one of four parts of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus as demonstrated by Nissl stain in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). The others are the anterior part of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus; the posterior part of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus, and the central part of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus. Functionally the anterior hypothalamic nucleus is part of the behavior control column of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"anterior hypothalamic nucleus, dorsal part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"dorsal part of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"dorsal tuberal nucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"stigmoid hypothalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"2"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"anterior hypothalamic nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"3143","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3143","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1930","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625546","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterior part of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1930","cDefinition":"refers to one of four parts of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus as demonstrated by Nissl stain in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). The others are the anterior part of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus; the dorsal part of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus, and the central part of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus. Functionally the anterior hypothalamic nucleus is part of the behavior control column of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"anterior hypothalamic nucleus, posterior part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"posterior part of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"anterior hypothalamic nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"3143","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3143","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1931","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625547","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterior hypothalamic area proper","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1931","cDefinition":"refers to one of two divisions of the anterior hypothalamic area in the rat as identified by Nissl stain. The cellular distribution is undifferentiated compared to the other division, the anterior hypothalamic area ( BAMS ). Functionally it belongs to the hypothalamic periventricular region of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"anterior hypothalamic area proper","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"hypothalamic periventricular region","parentNeuroNamesId":"2905","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2905","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1932","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625548","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"central part of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1932","cDefinition":"refers to one of four parts of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus as demonstrated by Nissl stain in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). The other three are the anterior part of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus; the dorsal part of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus; and the posterior part of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus. Functionally the anterior hypothalamic nucleus is part of the behavior control column of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"anterior hypothalamic nucleus, central part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"personal communication","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"central part of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"anterior hypothalamic nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"3143","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3143","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1933","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625549","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterior laterolateral visual area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1933","cDefinition":"refers to one of ten visual areas in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). See visual cortex (rodent). \r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"anterior laterolateral visual area","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"visual cortex (rodent)","parentNeuroNamesId":"1911","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1911","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1934","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625550","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterolateral visual area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1934","cDefinition":"refers to one of ten visual areas in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). See visual cortex (rodent). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"anterolateral visual area","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"1"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"visual cortex (rodent)","parentNeuroNamesId":"1911","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1911","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1935","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625551","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anteromedial visual area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1935","cDefinition":"refers to one of ten visual areas in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). See visual cortex (rodent). \r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"anteromedial visual area","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"visual cortex (rodent)","parentNeuroNamesId":"1911","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1911","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1936","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625552","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"caudal intracentral fissure","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1936","cDefinition":"refers to a superficial feature of the cerebellum in the rat. It is located within lobule III caudal to the intracentral fissure 2 ( Swanson-2004 ).\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"caudal intracentral fissure","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1939","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625555","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"choroid fissure of the fourth ventricle","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1939","cDefinition":"refers to the surface of the lateral aperture of the fourth ventricle between the fourth ventricle and its opening into the adjacent cistern in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"choroid fissure, fourth ventricle","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"choroid fissure of the fourth ventricle","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1940","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625556","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"choroid fissure of the third ventricle","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1940","cDefinition":"refers to the angle formed by the lateral surface of subfornical organ and the ventral surface of the fimbria in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ).\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"choroid fissure, third ventricle","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"choroid fissure of the third ventricle","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1941","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625557","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"granular lamina of the cochlear nuclei","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1941","cDefinition":"refers to one of six subdivisions of the cochlear nuclei as identified by Nissl stain in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). It is a thin layer of cells located between the dorsal cochlear nucleus and the posteroventral cochlear nucleus. The other divisions are the anteroventral cochlear nucleus and the interstitial nucleus of the auditory nerve ( Swanson-2004 ). \r\n\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"cochlear nuclei, granular lamina","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"granular lamina of the cochlear nuclei","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"granular layer of the cochlear nuclei","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"ventral cochlear nucleus, granule cell layer","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009b","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"cochlear nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"720","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=720","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1942","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625558","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"subpeduncular granular region of the cochlear nuclei","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1942","cDefinition":"refers to one of six subdivisions of the cochlear nuclei as identified by Nissl stain in the rat and the mouse. In the rat it is located between the middle cerebellar peduncle and the anteroventral cochlear nucleus rostral to the dorsal cochlear nucleus. The other divisions are the dorsal cochlear nucleus, the anteroventral cochlear nucleus, the posteroventral cochlear nucleus, the granular lamina of the cochlear nuclei and the interstitial nucleus of the auditory nerve ( Swanson-2004 ). Some authors identify it in the mouse ( Dong-2004 ), though others appear to incorporate it into the granular lamina of the cochlear nuclei ( Hof-2000 ).\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"cochlear nuclei, subpeduncular granular region","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"subpeduncular granular region of the cochlear nuclei","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"cochlear nucleus, subpeduncular granular region","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"cochlear nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"720","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=720","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1943","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625559","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"commissural nucleus of the periaqueductal gray","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1943","cDefinition":"refers to one of eleven groups of cells distinguished in the motor periaqueductal gray of the midbrain tegmentum of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). It is located ventral and caudal to the precommissural nucleus and rostral and dorsal to the rostromedial division of the periaqueductal gray. The motor periaqueductal gray belongs to the central gray component of the behavior control column ( Swanson-2004 ). For other components of the motor periaqueductal gray click below: Models Where It Appears > Functional CNS Model - Rat.\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"commissural nucleus of the periaqueductal gray","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"commissural nucleus","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"190"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"periaqueductal gray, commissural nucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"motor periaqueductal gray","parentNeuroNamesId":"3411","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3411","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1944","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625560","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"declival fissure 2","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1944","cDefinition":"refers to a space between two subdivisions of the declive in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ).\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"declival fissure 2","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1945","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625561","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"magnocellular part of the dentate nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1945","cDefinition":"refers to one of two subdivisions of the dentate nucleus of the cerebellar nuclei. While it contains small neurons as well (Voogd-1990 ), it is identified by its population of large neurons. It is found in the human ( Voogd-1990 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). The other subdivision is the parvicellular part of the dentate nucleus. \r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"dentate nucleus, magnocellular part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"magnocellular part of the dentate nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"lateral cerebellar nucleus","synonymSource":"Franklin-2008","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"83"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"lateral (dentate) cerebellar nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009a","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain, Second Edition","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"microgyric part of the dentate nucleus","synonymSource":"Voogd-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Cerebellum and precerebellar nuclei","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"dentate nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"683","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=683","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1946","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625562","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"parvicellular part of the dentate nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1946","cDefinition":"refers to one of two subdivisions of the dentate nucleus of the cerebellar nuclei. Identified by its population of small neurons, it is found in the human ( Voogd-1990 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). The other subdivision is the magnocellular part of the dentate nucleus.\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"dentate nucleus, parvicellular part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"parvicellular part of the dentate nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"macrogyric part of the dentate nucleus","synonymSource":"Voogd-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Cerebellum and precerebellar nuclei","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"lateral cerebellar nucleus, parvicellular part","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009a","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain, Second Edition","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"lateral cerebellar nucleus, parvicellular part","synonymSource":"Franklin-2008","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"dentate nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"683","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=683","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1947","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625563","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal column nuclei","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1947","cDefinition":"refers to the combination of the gracile nucleus and the cuneate nucleus located dorsally in the medulla at its junction with the spinal cord ( Kahle-2001; Swanson-2004 ). In the functional model of central nervous system organization it is classified as part of the subcortical somatosensory system ( Swanson-2004 ) (see Models Where It Appears below).\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"dorsal column nuclei","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"331"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Hinterstrangkerne","synonymSource":"Kahle-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"Taschenatlas der Anatomie
\r\nVolume 3: Nervensystem und Sinnesorgane","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"somatosensory system","parentNeuroNamesId":"2887","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2887","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"subcortical somatosensory system","parentNeuroNamesId":"3349","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3349","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1948","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625564","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"efferent cochleovestibular bundle","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1948","cDefinition":"refers to a tract located between the abducens nucleus and the internal genu of the facial nerve in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ).\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"efferent cochleovestibular bundle","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"vestibulocochlear nerve","parentNeuroNamesId":"553","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=553","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1949","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625565","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"efferent vestibular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1949","cDefinition":"refers to a group of nerve cells located between the medial vestibular nucleus and the pontine central gray in the rat. Functionally it belongs to the somatic motoneuron pools of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"efferent vestibular nucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"2"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"somatic motoneuron pools","parentNeuroNamesId":"3394","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3394","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1950","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625566","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"intermediolateral visual area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1950","cDefinition":"refers to one of ten visual areas in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). See visual cortex (rodent). \r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"intermediolateral visual area","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"visual cortex (rodent)","parentNeuroNamesId":"1911","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1911","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1951","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625567","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"mediolateral visual area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1951","cDefinition":"refers to one of ten visual areas in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). See visual cortex (rodent). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"mediolateral visual area","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"visual cortex (rodent)","parentNeuroNamesId":"1911","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1911","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1953","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625572","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"internuclear area of the periventricular region","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1953","cDefinition":"refers to \"the area between nuclei in the medial half of the hypothalamus. This region is often referred to as medial region of the fibrous 'capsule' that is said to surround the medial nuclei, but this 'capsule' has considerable neurons, in addition to the dendrites of neurons in adjacent nuclei, and axons from many sources\" ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"internuclear area, hypothalamic periventricular region","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"internuclear area of the periventricular region ","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"hypothalamic periventricular region","parentNeuroNamesId":"2905","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2905","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1954","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625573","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"interstitial nucleus of the auditory nerve","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1954","cDefinition":"refers to clusters of cells in the body of the vestibulocochlear nerve near its junction with the anteroventral cochlear nucleus in the medulla. It is part of the subcortical auditory system in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"interstitial nucleus auditory nerve","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"interstitial nucleus of the auditory nerve","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"cochlear nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"720","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=720","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1955","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625574","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"intracentral fissure 2","standardAcronym":"2","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1955","cDefinition":"refers to a superficial feature of the cerebellum in the rat. It is located within lobule III rostral to the caudal intracentral fissure ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"intracentral fissure 2","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1956","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625576","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"intergeniculate leaflet of the lateral geniculate complex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1956","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the lateral geniculate body in the rat, located between the pregeniculate nucleus and the lateral geniculate nucleus ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"lateral geniculate complex, intergeniculate leaflet","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"intergeniculate leaflet of the lateral geniculate complex","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"intergeniculate leaflet, lateral geniculate complex","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"geniculate group of the ventral thalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"2914","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2914","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1957","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625577","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral tegmental nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1957","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells embedded laterally in the pontine central gray of the pontine tegmentum. Defined on the basis of inputs from the lateral hypothalamic area and central amygdalar nucleus, it is located ventral to the locus ceruleus, dorsal to Barrington's nucleus, lateral to the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, and medial to the midbrain trigeminal nucleus. Defined in the rat, it is functionally part of the dorsal pontine gray of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"lateral tegmental nucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"7"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"dorsal pontine gray","parentNeuroNamesId":"2901","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2901","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1958","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625578","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial septal complex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1958","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure in the rat that includes the medial septal nucleus and the nucleus of the diagonal band ( Swanson-2004 ). It is a component of the extended pallidum in the functional model of the central nervous system.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"medial septal complex ","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"4"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"extended pallidum","parentNeuroNamesId":"2673","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2673","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1959","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625579","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"external lamina of the median eminence","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1959","cDefinition":"refers to one of two subdivisions of the median eminence of the neurohypophysis in the intermediate hypothalamic region of the rat. The other is the internal lamina of the median eminence. Functionally it belongs to the parvicellular neuroendocrine cell groups of the subcortical motor system. (The internal lamina of the median eminence belongs to the parvicellular neuroendocrine cell groups.) ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"median eminence, external lamina","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"external lamina of the median eminence","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"parvicellular neuroendocrine cell groups","parentNeuroNamesId":"2921","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2921","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1960","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625580","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"internal lamina of the median eminence","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1960","cDefinition":"refers to one of two subdivisions of the median eminence of the neurohypophysis in the intermediate hypothalamic region of the rat. The other is the external lamina of the median eminence. Functionally it belongs to the magnocellular neuroendocrine cell groups of the subcortical motor system. (The external lamina of the median eminence belongs to the parvicellular neuroendocrine cell groups.) ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"median eminence, internal lamina","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"internal lamina of the median eminence","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"magnocellular neuroendocrine cell groups","parentNeuroNamesId":"2920","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2920","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1961","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625581","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"magnocellular part of the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1961","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve in the rat. The other is the parvicellular part of the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve. Functionally both belong to the somatic motoneuron pools of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve, magnocellular part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"magnocellular part of the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve","parentNeuroNamesId":"559","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=559","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1962","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625582","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"nodular fissure","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1962","cDefinition":"refers to a fissure in the cerebellum of the rat that separates two parts of the nodulus of the cerebellum ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"nodular fissure\r\n","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1963","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625584","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"paragigantocellular reticular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1963","cDefinition":"refers to a combination of the lateral paragigantocellular nucleus and the dorsal paragigantocellular nucleus in the rat. Functionally it belongs to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"paragigantocellular reticular nucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"34"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"reticular formation (functional)","parentNeuroNamesId":"2915","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2915","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1964","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625585","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"paramedian sulcus","standardAcronym":"pmds","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1964","cDefinition":"refers to a groove that separates the vermis of the cerebellum from the cerebellar hemisphere ( Madigan-1971 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"paramedian sulcus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"paramedian sulcus","synonymSource":"Madigan-1971","synonymSourceTitle":"Cerebellum of the Rhesus Monkey: Atlas of lobules, laminae, and folia, in sections","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"cerebellar cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"647","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=647","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1965","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625586","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"perireuniens nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1965","cDefinition":"refers to a cell group located in the thalamus of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). It is found deep to the submedial nucleus between the reuniens nucleus and the medial part of the ventral lateral nucleus. In the Functional CNS Model - Rat it is one of three nuclei in the medial group of the dorsal thalamus, which is in turn a component of the polymodal association thalamus (see Models Where It Appears below ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"perireuniens nucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Perireunensis nucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure Of The Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"medial group of the dorsal thalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"2684","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2684","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1966","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625587","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"pineal stalk","standardAcronym":"PIS","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1966","cDefinition":"refers to a structure in the rat that emerges caudally from between the habenular commissure and the posterior commissure to connect with the pineal gland ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"pineal stalk","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"85"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"epithalamus related medial forebrain bundle system","parentNeuroNamesId":"3031","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3031","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1967","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625588","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"pontine reticular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1967","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure of the pontine reticular formation. It consists of the caudal pontine reticular nucleus and the rostral pontine reticular nucleus ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"pontine reticular nucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"131"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1968","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625591","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"pyramidal layer of the piriform area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1968","cDefinition":"refers to the middle layer of the piriform area in the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) and the rat ( Swanson-2004 ); the other two layers are the molecular layer of the piriform area and the polymorph layer of the piriform area.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"piriform area, pyramidal layer ","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"piriform area, pyramidal layer","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"pyramidal layer of the piriform area","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1969","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625592","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterior auditory area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1969","cDefinition":"refers to a posterior part of the primary auditory cortex defined by electrophysiological criteria in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"posterior auditory area","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"posterior auditory field","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"27"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"auditory cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"1556","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1556","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1970","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625594","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterodorsal preoptic nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1970","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells located between the medial preoptic nucleus and the nucleus of stria terminalis in the rat. Functionally it belongs to the hypothalamic periventricular region of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"posterodorsal preoptic nucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"7"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"hypothalamic periventricular region","parentNeuroNamesId":"2905","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2905","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1971","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625595","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"postpiriform transition area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1971","cDefinition":"refers to a transition zone at the boundary between the amygdala and the cerebral cortex in the human ( Mai-1997 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ) the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). It is between the amygdala and the piriform area rostrally and the entorhinal area caudally. (In the human and the macaque the piriform area and entorhinal area are parts of the parahippocampal gyrus.)","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"postpiriform transition area","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"postpiriform transition area","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"amygdalopiriform transition area","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009b","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"amygdalopiriform transition area ","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009a","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain, Second Edition","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"amygdalopiriform TA","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"olfactory areas (rodent)","parentNeuroNamesId":"2867","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2867","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1972","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625596","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"precentral fissure a","standardAcronym":"a","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1972","cDefinition":"refers to a fissure located between the lingula of the cerebellar vermis and the central lobule of the cerebellum in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"precentral fissure a","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1973","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625597","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"preparasubthalamic nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1973","cDefinition":"refers to a small group of neurons located rostral to the parasubthalamic nucleus between the zona incerta, the lateral hypothalamic area and the subthalamic nucleus in the rat. It is distinguished by the fusiform shape and horizontal orientation of the medium-sized cells of which it is composed. Functionally it belongs to the lateral motor zone of the hypothalamus ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"preparasubthalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"lateral motor zone of the hypothalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"2911","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2911","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1974","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625598","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"pyramidal fissure","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1974","cDefinition":"refers to an unusual fissure in the cerebellum of the rat that separates two parts of the pyramis of the vermis ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"pyramidal fissure","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1975","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625599","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"rhinal incisure","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1975","cDefinition":"refers to a fissure in the cerebral cortex of the rat. It separates the tenia tecta rostrally from the orbital gyri and caudally from the infralimbic cortex ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"rhinal incisure","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1976","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625600","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"somatomotor areas - obsolete","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1976","cDefinition":"","parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1977","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625601","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"somatosensory areas","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1977","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure of the cerebral cortex in the rat. It consists of area SI of Woolsey and area SII of Woolsey ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"somatosensory areas","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"299"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"somatosensory areas","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"299"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"sensorimotor cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"2866","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2866","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1978","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625602","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"spinocerebellar tracts","standardAcronym":"sct","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1978","cDefinition":"refers to two fiber bundles that arise in the spinal cord and ascend to the cerebellum. They are the ventral spinocerebellar tract and the dorsal spinocerebellar tract ( Paxinos-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"spinocerebellar tracts","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"The Human Nervous System","pubMedHits":"145"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"spinocerebellar tracts","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"145"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1979","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625603","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"sublaterodorsal nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1979","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells in the dorsal pons ventral to the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus and lateral to the medial longitudinal fasciculus of the pons of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). It is located in an area that some authors refer to as a ventral part of the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus and/or the dorsal part of the subceruleus nucleus ( Paxinos-2009b ). Functionally it is part of the behavioral state system ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"sublaterodorsal nucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"6"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"behavioral state system","parentNeuroNamesId":"2875","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2875","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1980","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625604","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"suprachiasmatic preoptic nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1980","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus demonstrated by Nissl stain in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). Located in the wall of the third ventricle at the base of the optic recess and dorsal to the optic chiasm, it is distinct from the suprachiasmatic nucleus, which lies caudal to it.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"suprachiasmatic preoptic nucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"5"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"hypothalamic periventricular region","parentNeuroNamesId":"2905","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2905","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1981","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625605","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"supragenual nucleus","standardAcronym":"Sg","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1981","cDefinition":"refers to a group of neurons embedded in the pontine central gray of the pontine tegmentum. Located dorsal to the internal genu of the facial nerve, it is found in the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ), and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). Functionally it is part of the dorsal pontine gray of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"supragenual nucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"10"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"dorsal pontine gray","parentNeuroNamesId":"2901","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2901","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1982","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625606","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"thalamic peduncles","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1982","cDefinition":"refers to four of the thalamic fiber tracts, viz., the anterior thalamic peduncle, the inferior thalamic peduncle, the posterior thalamic peduncle and the superior thalamic peduncle (NeuroNames). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"thalamic peduncles","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"5"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"thalamic peduncles","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"5"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"thalamus related lateral forebrain bundle system","parentNeuroNamesId":"3013","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3013","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1983","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625607","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"hypothalamic part of the third ventricle","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1983","cDefinition":"refers to the section of the third ventricle in the rat where the walls are formed by the hypothalamus ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"third ventricle, hypothalamic part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"hypothalamic part of the third ventricle","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"third ventricle","parentNeuroNamesId":"446","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=446","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1984","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625608","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"periventricular recess of the third ventricle","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1984","cDefinition":"refers to an extension of the third ventricle in the rat that is bounded superiorly by the reuniens nucleus, laterally by the lateral hypothalamic area, and inferiorly by the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"third ventricle, periventricular recess","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"periventricular recess of the third ventricle","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"third ventricle","parentNeuroNamesId":"446","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=446","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1985","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625609","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"thalamic part of the third ventricle","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1985","cDefinition":"refers to an extension of the third ventricle in the rat where the walls are formed by the thalamus ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"third ventricle, thalamic part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"thalamic part of the third ventricle","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"third ventricle","parentNeuroNamesId":"446","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=446","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1986","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625610","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"uvular fissure 1","standardAcronym":"1","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1986","cDefinition":"refers to superficial feature that subdivides the uvula of the rat into two parts ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"uvular fissure 1","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1987","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625611","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventral posterior complex of the thalamus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1987","cDefinition":"refers to one of five substructures of the ventral group of the dorsal thalamus defined on the basis of connectivity and function in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). (See Models Where It Appears below). It has two subdivisions: the ventral posterolateral nucleus and the ventral posteromedial nucleus ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"ventral posterior complex thalamus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"ventral posterior complex of the thalamus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"ventral group of the dorsal thalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"2878","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2878","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1988","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625612","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"parvicellular part of the ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1988","cDefinition":"refers to one of two subdivisions of the ventral posterolateral nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ); the other is principal part of the ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"ventral posterolateral nucleus thalamus, parvicellular part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"parvicellular part of the ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"ventral posterolateral nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"344","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=344","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1989","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625613","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"principal part of the ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1989","cDefinition":"refers to one of two subdivisions of the ventral posterolateral nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ); the other is parvicellular part of the ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"ventral posterolateral nucleus thalamus, principal part\r\n","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"principal part of the ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"ventral posterolateral nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"344","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=344","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1990","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625615","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterolateral visual area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1990","cDefinition":"refers to one of ten visual areas in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). See visual cortex (rodent). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"posterolateral visual area","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"visual cortex (rodent)","parentNeuroNamesId":"1911","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1911","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1991","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625616","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posteromedial visual area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1991","cDefinition":"refers to one of 10 visual areas in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). See visual cortex (rodent).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"posteromedial visual area","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"visual cortex (rodent)","parentNeuroNamesId":"1911","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1911","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1992","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625617","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"rostrolateral visual area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1992","cDefinition":"refers to one of ten visual areas in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). See visual cortex (rodent). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"rostrolateral visual area","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"visual cortex (rodent)","parentNeuroNamesId":"1911","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1911","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1993","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625619","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"midbrain reticular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1993","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure in the rat brain. It consist of the magnocellular part of the midbrain reticular nucleus, the parvicellular part of the midbrain reticular nucleus, and the retrorubral area of the midbrain reticular nucleus ( Swanson-2004 ).\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"midbrain reticular nucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"7"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"mesencephalic reticular nucleus","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"21"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1994","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625568","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"laterolateral visual area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1994","cDefinition":"refers to one of ten visual areas in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). See visual cortex (rodent). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"laterolateral visual area","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"visual cortex (rodent)","parentNeuroNamesId":"1911","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1911","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1995","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625575","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"intraculminate fissure","standardAcronym":"icu","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1995","cDefinition":"refers to a superficial feature of the cerebellum in the rat. It is located between lobule IV and lobule V ( Madigan-1971 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"intraculminate fissure 1","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"intraculminate fissure","synonymSource":"Madigan-1971","synonymSourceTitle":"Cerebellum of the Rhesus Monkey: Atlas of lobules, laminae, and folia, in sections","pubMedHits":"4"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"vermis of the anterior lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"656","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=656","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1996","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625593","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterodorsal intraculminate fissure","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1996","cDefinition":"refers to a fissure within lobule V of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"posterodorsal intraculminate fissure","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1997","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625569","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"basal forebrain","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1997","cDefinition":"refers to a \"heterogeneous set of structures on the medial and ventral cerebral hemisphere.\" It comprises the substantia innominata, basal nucleus, olfactory tubercle, islands of Calleja and overlying parts of the striatum and globus pallidus. It extends caudally into pars reticulata of the substantia nigra and rostrally includes the nucleus accumbens, nucleus of the diagonal band, nucleus of stria terminalis and septal nuclei ( Mai-2004 ).\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"basal forebrain","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"3561"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"basal forebrain area","synonymSource":"Mai-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Fetal Development of the Central Nervous System","pubMedHits":"24"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1998","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625625","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"terminal ventricle of the spinal cord","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1998","cDefinition":"refers to a continuation of the central canal of the spinal cord in the sacral segments ( Dorland's-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"terminal ventricle of the spinal cord","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventriculus terminalis","synonymSource":"Ranson-1959","synonymSourceTitle":"The Anatomy Of The Nervous System: Its Development And Function","pubMedHits":"23"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Ventriculus terminalis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"23"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"spinal cord","parentNeuroNamesId":"855","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=855","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"1999","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625626","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventrolateral nucleus of the spinal cord","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1999","cDefinition":"refers to a group of nerve cells located anterolaterally in the anterior gray column of the spinal cord ( Dorland's-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventrolateral nucleus of the spinal cord","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleus anterolateralis medullae spinalis","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus ventrolateralis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"19"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2000","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625627","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventromedial nucleus of the spinal cord","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2000","cDefinition":"refers to a group of nerve cells located anteromedially in the anterior gray column of the spinal cord ( Dorland's-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventromedial nucleus of the spinal cord","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleus ventromedialis medullae spinalis","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleus anteromedialis medullae spinalis","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus ventromedialis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"66"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2001","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625628","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsolateral nucleus of the spinal cord","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2001","cDefinition":"refers to a group of nerve cells located posterolaterally in the anterior gray column of the spinal cord ( Nomina-1983; Dorland's-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsolateral nucleus of the spinal cord","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleus dorsolateralis medullae spinalis","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleus posterolateralis medullae spinalis","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus dorsolateralis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"47"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2002","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625631","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"central nucleus of the spinal cord","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2002","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells located in the central part of the anterior gray column of the spinal cord ( Dorland's-2004, Nomina-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"central nucleus of the spinal cord","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleus centralis medullae spinalis","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2003","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625632","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"accessory nerve nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2003","cDefinition":"refers to a group of nerve cells located in the anterior gray column of the spinal cord of the human at cervical segments 1 to 5 or 6. It gives rise to the spinal part of the accessory nerve ( Carpenter-1983; Crosby-1962 ). It is found also in the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ), and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). Functionally it belongs to the somatic motoneuron pools of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleus of accessory nerve","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"accessory nucleus of anterior column of spinal cord","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"nucleus of the spinal accessory nerve","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"lagomorph","synonymName":"nucleus of the accessory nerve","synonymSource":"Ullah-1986","synonymSourceTitle":"Localisation of the spinal nucleus of the accessory nerve in the rabbit.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"accessory nerve nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009a","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain, Second Edition","pubMedHits":"7"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus nervi accessorii","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleus accessorius columnae anterioris medullae spinalis","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"somatic motoneuron pools","parentNeuroNamesId":"3394","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3394","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2004","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625633","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"phrenic nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2004","cDefinition":"refers to a group of nerve cells located centrally in the anterior gray column of the third to seventh cervical segments of the spinal cord ( Dorland-2004 ). Functionally it belongs to the somatic motoneuron pools of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleus of phrenic nerve","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"phrenic nucleus of anterior column of spinal cord","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"nucleus of the phrenic nerve","synonymSource":"Czaja-2006","synonymSourceTitle":"Vagal afferent neurons projecting to the stomach and small intestine exhibit multiple N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunit phenotypes ","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"phrenic nucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus nervi phrenici","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleus phrenicus columnae anterioris medullae spinalis","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"anterior gray column","parentNeuroNamesId":"1751","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1751","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2005","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625634","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"apex of the posterior horn - obsolete","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2005","cDefinition":"","parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2006","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625635","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"neck of the posterior horn","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2006","cDefinition":"refers to a slightly constricted portion of the posterior gray column of the spinal cord ( Gray-1918a ). It corresponds approximately to the histologically defined lamina V ( Jastrow-2007 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"neck of posterior horn of spinal cord","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"neck of dorsal horn of spinal cord","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"neck of the posterior horn","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Cervix cornus dorsalis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Cervix cornus posterioris","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2007","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625636","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"base of the posterior horn","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2007","cDefinition":"refers to the portion of the posterior gray column of the spinal cord that, in cross section, is seen as continuous with the base of the anterior gray column ( Gray-1918a ). It corresponds approximately to the junction of the histologically defined lamina V and lamina VI ( Jastrow-2007 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"base of posterior horn of spinal cord","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"base of dorsal horn of spinal cord","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"base of the posterior horn","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"basal nucleus of the dorsal horn","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Basis cornus dorsalis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Basis cornus posterioris","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"basis cornus posterioris medullae spinalis","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"basis cornus dorsalis medullae spinalis","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Basis cornuis dorsalis","synonymSource":"Jastrow-2007","synonymSourceTitle":"Histologischer Atlas im Internet","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"basal nucleus of the dorsal horn, general","parentNeuroNamesId":"3357","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3357","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2008","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625637","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"second visceral substance of the spinal cord","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2008","cDefinition":"refers to the portion of the spinal central gray that is located ventral to the gray commissure of the spinal cord ( Dorland-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"second visceral substance of the spinal cord","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"cat","synonymName":"secondary visceral gray matter of spinal cord","synonymSource":"Nolan-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"Primary afferent projections to the sacral secondary visceral gray: a quantitative electron microscopic examination in the cat.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Substantia visceralis secundaria","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2012","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625641","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"reticular formation of the spinal cord","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2012","cDefinition":"refers to a structure in the spinal central gray ( Nomina-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"reticular formation of the spinal cord","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Formatio reticularis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"31"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2014","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625643","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"bulboreticulospinal tract","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2014","cDefinition":"refers to a spinal cord structure ( Dorland-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"bulboreticulospinal tract","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus bulboreticulospinalis","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2015","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625644","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"pontoreticulospinal tract","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2015","cDefinition":"refers to a spinal cord structure ( Dorland-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"pontoreticulospinal tract","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus pontoreticulospinalis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2016","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"239","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"piriform cortex of the temporal lobe","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2016","cDefinition":"refers to the portion of the piriform area located in the temporal lobe ( Mai-1997 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"(pre-)piriform cortex, temporal area","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"piriform cortex of the temporal lobe","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2017","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2137625583","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal gray commissure","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2017","cDefinition":"refers to the part of the gray commissure in the spinal central gray posterior to the central canal of the spinal cord. It is identified by Nissl stain and found in the human ( Crosby-1962 ) and the rat ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal gray commissure","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"54"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"dorsal commissural nucleus","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"52"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"dorsal commissural nucleus of the spinal cord","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"sympathetic preganglionic pools","parentNeuroNamesId":"2935","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2935","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2020","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"433","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"planum polare","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2020","cDefinition":"refers to a portion of the superior temporal gyrus near the temporal pole in the human. It is located in the temporal bank of the lateral fissure rostral to the transverse temporal gyrus ( Szikla-1977 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"planum polare","synonymSource":"Szikla-1977","synonymSourceTitle":"Angiography Of The Human Brain Cortex: Atlas of Vascular Patterns and Stereotactic Cortical Localization","pubMedHits":"38"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"planum polare","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2021","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1008020136","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"trigeminal nuclei","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2021","cDefinition":"refers to brainstem nuclei that are primarily associated with the trigeminal nerve. They include the midbrain trigeminal nucleus in the midbrain tegmentum, the principal sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve and the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve in the pontine tegmentum, and the spinal trigeminal nucleus, which has subnuclei in both the pontine tegmentum and the medulla ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"trigeminal nuclei","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"1352"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"trigeminal nuclear complex","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"62"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nuclei trigemini","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Kerne des N. trigeminus (N. V)","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Trigeminuskomplex","synonymSource":"Kahle-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"Taschenatlas der Anatomie
\r\nVolume 3: Nervensystem und Sinnesorgane","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Trigeminuskerne","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2022","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"8","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Polus insulae","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2022","cDefinition":"refers to a superficial feature of the insula, namely, the extreme anterior surface of the insula that is revealed by excision of the temporal lobe ( Savel'ev-1996 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Polus insulae","synonymSource":"Nieuwenhuys-1987","synonymSourceTitle":"Illustrations of the gross anatomy of the brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"полюс островка","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2023","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"181","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"mixed cell part of the substantia nigra","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2023","cDefinition":"represents a subdivision of the substantia nigra based on an alternative definition of that structure and its parts ( Francois-1984 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"mixed-cell part of substantia nigra","synonymSource":"Alheid-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Basal Ganglia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"mixed cell part of the substantia nigra","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Substantia nigra, pars mixta","synonymSource":"Francois-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"Localization of nigrostriatal, nigrothalamic and nigrotectal neurons in ventricular coordinates in macaques","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2024","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"802","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Gyrus fasciolaris (Amaral)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2024","cDefinition":"refers to the more lateral of two subdivisions of the fasciolar gyrus. It is continuous with the CA3 field of the CA fields; the more medial subdivision is the Fasciola cinerea (Amaral), which is continuous with the dentate gyrus. ( Amaral-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus fasciolaris (Amaral)","synonymSource":"Amaral-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Hippocampal Formation","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2025","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"803","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Fasciola cinerea (Amaral)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2025","cDefinition":"refers to the more medial of two subdivisions of the fasciolar gyrus. It is continuous with the dentate gyrus. The more lateral subdivision is the Gyrus fasciolaris (Amaral), which is continuous with the CA3 field of the CA fields ( Amaral-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciola cinerea (Amaral)","synonymSource":"Amaral-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Hippocampal Formation","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2026","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"580","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"hippocampal formation (Insausti)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2026","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure of the limbic lobe based on internal structure and connectivity. It includes the hippocampal formation, the presubiculum, the parasubiculum and the entorhinal area ( Insausti-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"hippocampal formation (Insausti)","synonymSource":"Insausti-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Hippocampal Formation","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2027","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"581","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"subicular complex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2027","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure of the temporal lobe that includes the subiculum, the presubiculum and the parasubiculum ( Amaral-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"subicular complex","synonymSource":"Amaral-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Hippocampal Formation","pubMedHits":"119"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2028","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"132","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"amygdalohippocampal area","standardAcronym":"AHi","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2028","cDefinition":"refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined part of the amygdala. All authors regard it as occupying the caudal third of the amygdala, which abuts the hippocampal formation. In the human ( Mai-1997 ) and the macaque ( Amaral-1992 ) it is located close to the medial surface of the temporal lobe; it is bounded internally by the posterior cortical amygdalar nucleus and the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle.\r\nIn the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Hof-2000 ) it is bounded largely by the posterior cortical amygdalar nucleus and the accessory basal nucleus (known as the basomedial nucleus of the amygdala in rodents); the stria terminalis separates it from the ventricle.\r\nAccording to some authors the amygdalohippocampal area extends anteriorly to occupy the caudal half of the amygdala. These authors divide the area into two or three parts, which in the human ( Olmos-2004 ), the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ), and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ) are named on the basis of location: anterolateral, posterolateral and posteromedial parts. In the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ) the rostral portion of the area is divided into two parts on the basis of cellular morphology: magnocellular and parvicellular parts. Some authors refer to the area in rodents as the 'posterior amygdalar nucleus' ( Swanson-2004; Hof-2000 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"posterior nucleus amygdala","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"amygdalohippocampal area","synonymSource":"Amaral-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Hippocampal Formation","pubMedHits":"67"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"amygdalohippocampal area","synonymSource":"Amaral-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomical organization of the primate amygdaloid complex","pubMedHits":"67"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"amygdalohippocampal transition area","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"5"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"amygdalohippocampal transition area","synonymSource":"Olmos-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Amygdala","pubMedHits":"5"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"amygdalo-hippocampal area","synonymSource":"Stoeckert-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"Controlled Vocabularies","pubMedHits":"11"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"posterior amygdalar nucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"posterior nucleus of the amygdala","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area amygdalohippocampalis","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area periamygdalae caudalis ventralis","synonymSource":"Olmos-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Amygdala","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"cortical subplate nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"2735","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2735","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2029","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"582","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"diverticulum unci","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2029","cDefinition":"refers to a superficial feature of the human temporal lobe. It is a cul de sac of subarachnoid space located at the rostral extreme of the hippocampal formation ( Amaral-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"diverticulum unci","synonymSource":"Amaral-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Hippocampal Formation","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2030","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"690","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"prosubiculum","standardAcronym":"ProS","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2030","cDefinition":"refers to the transition zone between the CA fields and the subiculum in which elements of both structures are represented ( Amaral-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"prosubiculum","synonymSource":"Amaral-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Hippocampal Formation","pubMedHits":"64"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Prosubiculum","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"64"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"prosubiculum","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"59"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2031","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"908","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"intrarhinal sulcus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2031","cDefinition":"refers to a shallow depression located in the entorhinal area of the human rostral to the hippocampal fissure ( Amaral-1992 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"intrarhinal sulcus","synonymSource":"Amaral-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Hippocampal Formation","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus intrarhinalis","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2032","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"733","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"basal nucleus of the amygdala (Amaral)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2032","cDefinition":"refers to one of two subdivisions of the basal nucleus of the amygdala based on cytoarchitecture. The other is the paralaminar nucleus of the amygdala ( Amaral-1992 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"basal nucleus of the amygdala (Amaral)","synonymSource":"Amaral-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomical organization of the primate amygdaloid complex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"intermediate principal nucleus","synonymSource":"Amaral-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomical organization of the primate amygdaloid complex","pubMedHits":"1"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2033","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"729","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsomedial division of the lateral nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2033","cDefinition":"refers to one of two subdivisions of the lateral amygdalar nucleus based on cytoarchitecture. The other is the ventrolateral division of the lateral nucleus ( Amaral-1992 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"dorsomedial division of the lateral nucleus of the amygdala","synonymSource":"Amaral-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomical organization of the primate amygdaloid complex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"dorsomedial division of the lateral nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2034","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"730","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventrolateral division of the lateral nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2034","cDefinition":"refers to one of two subdivisions of the lateral amygdalar nucleus based on cytoarchitecture. The other is the dorsomedial division of the lateral nucleus ( Amaral-1992 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"ventrolateral division of the lateral nucleus of the amygdala","synonymSource":"Amaral-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomical organization of the primate amygdaloid complex","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2035","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"731","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial division of the central nucleus of the amygdala","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2035","cDefinition":"refers to one of two subdivisions of the central amygdalar nucleus based on cytoarchitecture. The other is the lateral division of the central nucleus of the amygdala ( Amaral-1992 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"medial division of the central nucleus of the amygdala","synonymSource":"Amaral-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomical organization of the primate amygdaloid complex","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2036","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"732","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral division of the central nucleus of the amygdala","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2036","cDefinition":"refers to one of two subdivisions of the central amygdalar nucleus based on cytoarchitecture. The other is the medial division of the central nucleus of the amygdala ( Amaral-1992 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"lateral division of the central nucleus of the amygdala","synonymSource":"Amaral-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomical organization of the primate amygdaloid complex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"central nucleus of amygdala (Lauer)","synonymSource":"Amaral-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomical organization of the primate amygdaloid complex","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2037","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"297","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"magnocellular division of the accessory basal nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2037","cDefinition":"refers to one of three subdivisions of the accessory basal nucleus of the amygdala based on cytoarchitecture and cholinergic markers. The others are the parvicellular division of the accessory basal nucleus and the ventromedial division of the accessory basal nucleus ( Amaral-1992 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"magnocellular division of the accessory basal nucleus","synonymSource":"Amaral-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomical organization of the primate amygdaloid complex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus amygdalae basalis accessorius, pars lateralis","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Nucleus basalis accessorius lateralis amygdalae","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2038","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"298","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"parvicellular division of the accessory basal nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2038","cDefinition":"refers to one of three subdivisions of the accessory basal amygdaloid nucleus based on cytoarchitecture and cholinergic markers. The others are the magnocellular division of accessory basal nucleus and the ventromedial division of accessory basal nucleus.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"parvicellular division of the accessory basal nucleus","synonymSource":"Amaral-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomical organization of the primate amygdaloid complex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus amygdalae basalis accessorius, pars medialis","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Nucleus basalis accessorius medialis amygdalae","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2039","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"299","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventromedial division of the accessory basal nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2039","cDefinition":"refers to one of three subdivisions of the accessory basal nucleus of the amygdala based on cytoarchitecture and cholinergic markers. The others are the parvicellular division of the accessory basal nucleus and the magnocellular division of the accessory basal nucleus ( Amaral-1992 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"ventromedial division of the accessory basal nucleus","synonymSource":"Amaral-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomical organization of the primate amygdaloid complex","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2040","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"907","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial fiber bundle of the amygdala","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2040","cDefinition":"refers to fibers that separate the accessory basal nucleus of the amygdala from the medial amygdalar nucleus ( Amaral-1992 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"medial fiber bundle of the amygdala","synonymSource":"Amaral-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomical organization of the primate amygdaloid complex","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2041","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"901","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"magnocellular division of the basal nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2041","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the lateral part of the basal amygdalar nucleus. It is one of two substructures distinguished on the basis of cytoarchitecture and cholinergic markers. The other is the intermediate division of the basal nucleus ( Amaral-1992 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"magnocellular division of the basal nucleus","synonymSource":"Amaral-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomical organization of the primate amygdaloid complex","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2042","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"902","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"intermediate division of the basal nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2042","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the lateral part of the basal amygdalar nucleus. It is one of two substructures distinguished on the basis of cytoarchitecture and cholinergic markers. The other is the magnocellular division of the basal nucleus ( Amaral-1992 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"intermediate division of the basal nucleus","synonymSource":"Amaral-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomical organization of the primate amygdaloid complex","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2043","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"903","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"parvicellular division of the basal nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2043","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the medial part of the basal amygdalar nucleus. It is one of two substructures distinguished on the basis of cytoarchitecture and cholinergic markers. The other is the paralaminar nucleus of the amygdala ( Amaral-1992 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":" parvicellular division of the basal nucleus (Amaral)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"basal amygdaloid nucleus, medial part, deep portion","synonymSource":"Amaral-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomical organization of the primate amygdaloid complex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"basal amygdaloid nucleus, lateral part, parvocellular part","synonymSource":"Amaral-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomical organization of the primate amygdaloid complex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"parvicellular division of the basal nucleus","synonymSource":"Amaral-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomical organization of the primate amygdaloid complex","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2044","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"904","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"paralaminar nucleus of the amygdala","standardAcronym":"PaL","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2044","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the medial part of the basal amygdalar nucleus. 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Its surface and the surfaces of the remaining anterior terminal part of the parahippocampal gyrus and of the dentate gyrus, constitute the uncus of the temporal lobe ( Carpenter-1983, Anthoney-1994 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"intralimbic gyrus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"intralimbic gyrus","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"gyrus intralimbicus","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"gyrus intralimbique","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"apex de l'uncus","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"внутрикраевая извилина","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2049","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"572","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial vestibulospinal tract","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2049","cDefinition":"refers to a bundle of fibers in the medial longitudinal fasciculus that originates in the medial vestibular nucleus, lateral vestibular nucleus and descending vestibular nucleus, partially crosses to the contralateral side in the medulla and terminates in the spinal cord ( Crosby-1962 ).\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"traktus vestibulospinal medial","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial vestibulospinal tract","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"30"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior vestibulospinal tract","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus vestibulospinalis medialis","synonymSource":"Jastrow-2007","synonymSourceTitle":"Histologischer Atlas im Internet","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2050","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"614","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"uncinate gyrus","standardAcronym":"UG","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2050","cDefinition":"refers to a substructure of the anterior-most part of the parahippocampal gyrus. Its surface and the surfaces of the remaining anterior-most parts of the parahippocampal gyrus and the hippocampal formation comprise the uncus of the temporal lobe ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"uncinate gyrus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"uncinate gyrus","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"uncus (Lockard)","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus uncinatus","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Gyrus uncinatus","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"gyrus uncinatus","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"крючковидная извилина","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2051","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"781","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"basal ganglia of Carpenter","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2051","cDefinition":"refers to an alternate definition of basal ganglia based on proximity. It consists of the striatum, the globus pallidus and the amygdala ( Carpenter-1983 ). A discussion of semantic differences in use of the term 'basal ganglia' is presented in Anthoney-1994.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"basal ganglia (Carpenter)","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"basal ganglia of Carpenter","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"gangli della base","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2052","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"218","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"brainstem","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2052","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of the brain. It includes the midbrain, the pons and the medulla. Some authors include the cerebellum and/or parts of the interbrain. A discussion of differences in the use of this term is presented in Anthoney-1994.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"batang otak","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"brain stem","synonymSource":"Parent-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Carpenter's Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"30554"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"brainstem","synonymSource":"Willis-1981","synonymSourceTitle":"Medical Neurobiology: Neuroanatomical and Neurophysiological Principles Basic to Clinical Neuroscience","pubMedHits":"25310"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Truncus encephalicus","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Truncus encephali","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"truncus cerebri","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"17"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Hirnstamm","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Stammhirn","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"tronc cérébral","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"tronco cerebrale","synonymSource":"Rigutti-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlante di Anatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"tronco encefalico","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"мозговой ствол","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"ствол головного мозга","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"ствол конечного мозга","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"tronco del encéfalo","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"tronco encefálico","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2053","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"240","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"cerebral peduncle (Hensyl)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2053","cDefinition":"denotes one side of the midbrain, i.e., the cerebral peduncle and tectum of one side. A discussion of differences in definitions of these terms is presented in Anthoney-1994.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cerebral peduncle (Hensyl)","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2054","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"230","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"autonomic nervous system","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2054","cDefinition":"is a functionally defined set of structures in the nervous system that are involved primarily in the regulation of visceral function ( Carpenter-1983 ). A thorough discussion of semantic differences in the use of this term is presented in Anthoney-1994.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"autonomic nervous system","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"19514"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"autonomic nervous system","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"19514"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"vegetative nervous system","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"230"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"visceral nervous system","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"11"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"autonomic nerves","synonymSource":"Swanson-2015","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomical Terminology: A Lexicon of Classical Origins and Historical Foundtions","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Systema nervosum autonomicum","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Systema nervosum (pars autonomica)","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"vegetatives Nervensystem","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"207"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"sistema nervioso autónomo","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"nervous system","parentNeuroNamesId":"3236","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3236","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Nervous System"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2055","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"247","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"limbic system","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2055","cDefinition":"denotes a composite substructure of forebrain that is variously defined on the basis of function and connectivity. For most authors it includes the cingulate gyrus, the parahippocampal gyrus, the hippocampal formation, the septal nuclei, the amygdala, the hypothalamus, the epithalamus, the anterior nuclear group of the thalamus and portions of the basal ganglia. For a review of differences in the definition of this term see Anthoney-1994. See also limbic lobe.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"limbic system","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"6848"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"limbisches System","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"sistema limbico","synonymSource":"Rigutti-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlante di Anatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"лимбическая система","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2056","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"679","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"secondary olfactory areas","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2056","cDefinition":"refers to a group of substructures of the endbrain defined on the basis of connectivity. Obsolete since the olfactory system was redefined in the 1980s ( Price-1990 ). Authors differed in their definitions depending to large extent on whether they regarded the olfactory bulb or the structures that receive axonal fibers from the olfactory bulb as the olfactory cortex ( Anthoney-1994 ). Some applied the name 'secondary olfactory cortical area' to the olfactory entorhinal cortex ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"secondary olfactory areas","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"secondary olfactory cortical area","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2057","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"678","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial olfactory area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2057","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of the endbrain based on function and connectivity. It includes the paraterminal gyrus, the subcallosal gyrus and, for some authors, part of the septum and other areas as well. See Anthoney-1994 for an analysis of nomenclature of the olfactory areas.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial olfactory area","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"1"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2058","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"114","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"spinothalamic tract","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2058","cDefinition":"refers to a fiber pathway that originates from neurons in the spinal central gray and projects to various somatosensory nuclei of the thalamus. It is formed in the medulla by merger of the anterior spinothalamic tract and lateral spinothalamic tract. It consists of four parts: the spinothalamic tract of the medulla, the spinothalamic tract of the pons, the spinothalamic tract of the midbrain and the spinothalamic tract of the forebrain. Some authors include the brain stem continuations of the spinotectal tract and the spinoreticular tract in the spinothalamic tract. Semantic and factual conflicts in alternate definitions are discussed in Anthoney-1994.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"traktus spinotalamik","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"spinothalamic tract","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"391"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"spinothalamic tract","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"391"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"spinal lemniscus","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"12"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus spinothalamicus","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Tractus spinothalamicus","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lemniscus spinalis","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus spino-thalamicus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"tratto spinotalamico","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"tratto spinotalamici","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"спинномозговая петля","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"dorsal root fibers","parentNeuroNamesId":"1661","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1661","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2059","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"566","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"basal ganglia of Crosby","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2059","cDefinition":"refers to an alternate definition of the term \"basal ganglia\" based on proximity of nuclear masses in the endbrain. It includes the basal ganglia, the substantia innominata and the Nucleus subputaminalis ( Crosby-1962 ). A discussion of differences in use of the term \"basal ganglia\" is presented in Anthoney-1994.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"basal ganglia (Crosby)","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"telencephalic nuclei","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"40"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"subcortical gray","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"202"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"deep nuclear gray of hemisphere","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"basal ganglia of Crosby","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2060","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"567","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"basal ganglia circuit","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2060","cDefinition":"refers to a definition of the term \" basal ganglia \" widely used in clinical medicine and systems neuroscience. Based on the functional relatedness and connectivity of structures as well as proximity, it includes the striatum, the globus pallidus, the subthalamus and the substantia nigra ( Parent-1996 ). A thorough discussion of differences in use of the term \" basal ganglia \" is presented in Anthoney-1994.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"basal ganglia (clinical definition)","synonymSource":"Parent-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Carpenter's Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"basal ganglia (clinical)","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"basal ganglia circuit","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"System der Basalganglien","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"2"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2061","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"243","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"limbic lobe (Anthoney)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2061","cDefinition":"refers to a variably defined composite substructure of the endbrain. According to T.R. Anthoney, who compared uses of the term in 23 different sources, the limbic lobe, or Gyrus fornicatus, is defined variously even by authors who cite Broca as their original source. Most definitions include the cingulate gyrus, the parahippocampal gyrus and parts or all of the archicortex, the three structures that comprise the limbic lobe in NeuroNames. The major differences in definition have to do with whether the CA fields, supracallosal gyrus, paraterminal gyrus and olfactory structures, such as the olfactory bulb, olfactory tract and olfactory tubercle are included. A discussion of the many definitions, including Broca's, is presented in Anthoney-1994.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"fornicate gyrus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"limbic lobe (Anthoney)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"falciform lobe","synonymSource":"Stedman-1957","synonymSourceTitle":"Stedman's Medical Dictionary","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"fornicate lobe","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"fornicate convolution","synonymSource":"Stedman-1957","synonymSourceTitle":"Stedman's Medical Dictionary","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus fornicatus","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"grande lobe limbique of Broca","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"lobo limbico","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"сводчатая извилина","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"извилина Арнольда","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"lóbulo límbico","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2062","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"251","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Broca's area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2062","cDefinition":"refers to a functionally defined structure that includes portions of the triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus and the opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus of the cerebral cortex. Architectonically it corresponds to area 44 and area 45, which constitute the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex ( Petrides-2012 ). Functionally, it is involved in speech production and is identified with the rostral part of ventral secondary motor cortex (area PMVr in the human; area F5 in the macaque) ( Matelli-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"area bicara Broca","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Broca's area","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"633"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Broca's speech area","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"7"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area of Broca","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"motor speech area of Broca","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"convolution of Broca","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior speech cortex","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Broca's region","synonymSource":"Matelli-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Motor Cortex","pubMedHits":"48"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Rindengebiet nach Broca","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Broca-Zentrum","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Broca Region","synonymSource":"Mai-2002","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Broka'sches Feld","synonymSource":"Mai-2002","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"area del linguaggio di Broca","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"área del habla de Broca","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"centro del habla","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2063","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"540","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"arcuate fasciculus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2063","cDefinition":"refers to a fiber pathway in the cerebral white matter. Some authors regard it as the connection between the frontal lobe and the temporal lobe. Others as a synonym for the superior longitudinal fasciculus. See Anthoney-1994 for a discussion of semantic conflicts in the use of these terms. The structures are not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fasciculus arcuatus","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"arcuate fasciculus","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"101"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fibrae arcuatae cerebri","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fascicolo arcuato","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"fascículo arciforme","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"fascículo arqueado","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2064","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"783","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"basal ganglia of Martin","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2064","cDefinition":"refers to an alternate definition of basal ganglia based on connectivity. It includes the striatum, the nucleus accumbens, the globus pallidus, the ventral pallidum, the subthalamic nucleus, the substantia nigra, and the ventral tegmental area ( Martin-1989 ). A discussion of semantic differences in the use of the term 'basal ganglia' is presented in Anthoney-1994.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"basal ganglia (Martin)","synonymSource":"Martin-1989","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy Text and Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"basal ganglia of Martin","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2065","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"480","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"frontal eye field","standardAcronym":"FEF","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2065","cDefinition":"refers to a functionally defined area occupying the caudal parts of the middle frontal gyrus and the inferior frontal gyrus. It is involved in voluntary eye movements ( Carpenter-1983 ). A discussion of its relation to Brodmann's areas is presented in Anthoney-1994.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"frontal eye field","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"534"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"frontal gaze center","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"frontal lobe eye field","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"frontal motor eye field","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"voluntary eye field","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"frontales Augenfeld","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"campo oculare frontale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"campo ocular frontal","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2066","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"648","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"intermediate zone of the cerebellum","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2066","cDefinition":"is used variably to refer to the paravermal cortex or to the paravermal zone of the cerebellum. See Anthoney-1994 for a discussion of the various uses of this term and its synonyms.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"intermediate zone of the cerebellum","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"intermediate region of cerebellum","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"paravermal zone","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"5"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"paravermis","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"21"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Pars intermedia of cerebellum","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2067","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"237","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"pyriform lobe","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2067","cDefinition":"denotes a composite substructure of the endbrain that includes the lateral olfactory stria, the volumetric structures whose combined surfaces constitute the uncus and, depending on the author, other parts of the anterior portion of the parahippocampal gyrus ( Carpenter-1983 ). A thorough discussion of differences in description of the pyriform lobe is presented in Anthoney-1994.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"lobus piriform","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"korteks piriform","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"primary olfactory cortex (Carpenter)","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1991","synonymSourceTitle":"Core Text of Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"pyriform lobe","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"13"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"piriform lobe","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"26"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"piriform area","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"11"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"pyriform area","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"piriform cortex (Noback)","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"lobo piriforme","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"corteccia olfattiva primaria (Carpenter)","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2068","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"223","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"cerebrum","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2068","cDefinition":"refers to one of three basic components of the central nervous system (CNS) segmented on the basis of embryogenesis, connectivity and function ( Swanson-2004 ). The others are the cerebellum and the cerebrospinal trunk. In the classical segmentation of the CNS on the basis of topology and internal structure, the cerebrum is equivalent to the endbrain component of the forebrain. \r\nHistorically the term cerebrum has been used for several different parts of the CNS including the whole brain, the cerebral hemispheres and the sum of cerebral cortex and adjacent cerebral white matter. A thorough discussion of the definitional history is to be found in Anthoney-1994.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"serebrum","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cerebrum","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"4006"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"cerebrum","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"4006"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"cerebrum","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"4006"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Großhirn","synonymSource":"Schultze-1993","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomisches Wörterbuch","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"cervello","synonymSource":"Rigutti-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlante di Anatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"большой мозг","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"мозг (головной мозг)","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Mozga Cheloveka (Atlas of the Human Brain)","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"gray matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"2869","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2869","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2069","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"621","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"supratrochlear nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2069","cDefinition":"refers to a group of nerve cells in a location dorsal to the trochlear nucleus. It is variously defined by different authors based on whether they identify it with the dorsal raphe nucleus, the dorsal tegmental nucleus, or as an independent entity within the periaqueductal gray. A discussion of different definitions of the supratrochlear nucleus is presented in Anthoney-1994.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"supratrochlear nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"supratrochlear nucleus","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Nucleus supratrochlearis","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus supratrochlearis substantiae griseae","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2070","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"623","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"extrapyramidal system","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2070","cDefinition":"refers to a functionally defined group of structures and tracts in the brain, exclusive of the pyramidal system, that are directly involved in motor function. Five different definitions and a thorough discussion of their evolution are presented in Anthoney-1994.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"extrapyramidal system","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"177"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"extrapyramidal pathway","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"extrapyramidal-motorisches System","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"extrapyramidal-motorische Bahnen","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"extrapyramidale Bahnen","synonymSource":"Kahle-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"Taschenatlas der Anatomie
\r\nVolume 3: Nervensystem und Sinnesorgane","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"экстрапирамидные проводящие пути","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"внепирамидная система","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"экстарпирамидная система","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2071","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"9","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Gyrus occipitotemporalis medialis (Nomina)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2071","cDefinition":"refers either to a transitional zone of cerebral cortex that occupies a caudal portion of the parahippocampal gyrus and a rostral portion of the lingual gyrus, or to a gyrus adjacent to those gyri and separated from them by the collateral sulcus, i.e., a subdivision of the fusiform gyrus. In Nomina-1983 it is described as a convolution that is distinct from the lingual gyrus but continuous with it and the parahippocampal gyrus. Semantic and factual conflicts regarding the structure and nomenclature of this area are discussed in Anthoney-1994.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus occipitotemporalis medialis (Nomina)","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"медиальная затылочно-височная извилина","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2072","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"400","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ambient gyrus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2072","cDefinition":"refers to a rostral part of the parahippocampal gyrus. Some authors regard it as part of the gyrus underlying the uncus ( Ture-1999 ), others as a synonym for limen insula. A thorough discussion of different definitions of these terms is presented in Anthoney-1994.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ambiens gyrus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ambient gyrus","synonymSource":"Ture-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Topographic anatomy of the insular region","pubMedHits":"12"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus ambiens (Willis)","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"gyrus ambiens","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"окружающая извилина","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2073","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"579","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"hippocampal rudiment","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2073","cDefinition":"refers to all or a portion of a composite structure that includes the supracallosal gyrus and the paraterminal gyrus. See Anthoney-1994 for a review of different uses of this term.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"hippocampal rudiment","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"13"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2074","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"588","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"prehippocampal rudiment","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2074","cDefinition":"refers to a rostral portion of the hippocampal rudiment. It includes the paraterminal gyrus and perhaps part of the supracallosal gyrus. See Anthoney-1994 for a review of uses of this term.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"prehippocampal rudiment","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"rudiment préhippocampal","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2075","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"649","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Hypophysis (Carpenter)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2075","cDefinition":"refers to the pars nervosa of hypophysis, the intermediate part of the hypophysis and the distal part of the hypophysis ( Carpenter-1983 ). For a review of differences in nomenclature for the hypophysis and its substructures see Anthoney-1994.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"pituitary gland (Carpenter)","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"pituitary body","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"50"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Hypophysis (Carpenter)","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2076","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"249","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"isthmus of the brain","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2076","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure located at the junction of the forebrain, the cerebellum and the medulla. It includes part or all of the midbrain and the pons. For a discussion of the history of this term see Anthoney-1994.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"isthmus of the brain","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Isthmus encephali","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"istmus","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"7"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"istmo","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"перешеек (мозга)","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2077","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"242","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Rhinencephalon (Nomina)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2077","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of the endbrain that includes the olfactory bulb, the olfactory tract, the olfactory trigone, the medial olfactory stria, the lateral olfactory stria, the olfactory tubercle, the medial olfactory gyrus, the piriform area, the diagonal band, the subcallosal gyrus and the paraterminal gyrus. For a thorough review of the history and multiple uses of the term \"rhinencephalon\" see Anthoney-1994.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Rhinencephalon (Nomina)","synonymSource":"Nomina-1989","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2078","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"241","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"rhinencephalon","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2078","cDefinition":"denotes a composite substructure of the endbrain that is functionally identified with olfaction. Defined by connectivity, it includes the olfactory bulb and all structures that receive fibers from it, including the olfactory tract, the anterior olfactory nucleus, the olfactory tubercle, the medial and lateral olfactory stria, i.e., the olfactory tract, parts of the amygdala and the piriform area ( Carpenter-1983 ). Other definitions, based on comparative neuroanatomy, such as rhinencephalon of Crosby, or on other criteria, such as Rhinencephalon (Nomina), are more extensive. For a concise review of the history and multiple uses of this term see Anthoney-1994. PubMed treats it as a synonym of olfactory cortex.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"rhinencephalon","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"46"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"otak penghidu","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"rinensefalon","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"rhinencephalon","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"51"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"rhinencephalon","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"51"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"olfactory brain","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"49"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"olfactory lobe","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"164"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"basal olfactory structures","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"paleocortex (Carpenter)","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"primitive olfactory lobe","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1991","synonymSourceTitle":"Core Text of Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"paleopallium","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1991","synonymSourceTitle":"Core Text of Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Rhinencephalon","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"51"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lobus olfactorius","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Mozga Cheloveka (Atlas of the Human Brain)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Riechhirn","synonymSource":"Schultze-1993","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomisches Wörterbuch","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"corteccia olfattoria","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"lobo olfattivo primitivo","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"paleopallio","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"rinencefalo","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"regione olfattiva basale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"обонятельный мозг","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"обонятельный отдел","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"обонятельная доля","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Mozga Cheloveka (Atlas of the Human Brain)","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"rinencéfalo","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"encéfalo olfatorio","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2079","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"765","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"septal area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2079","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure of the endbrain that consists of the subcallosal gyrus and the paraterminal gyrus ( Carpenter-1983 ). For a review of semantic differences in the use of the word \"septal\" and the various components attributed to it, see Anthoney-1994.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"korteks septal","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"area septalis","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"area subcallosa","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"area septal","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"septal area","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"711"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"paraterminal body","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"septal area-1","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"septal cortex","synonymSource":"Noback-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"The Human Nervous System: Basic Principles of Neurobiology","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"area settale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2080","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"537","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"superior longitudinal fasciculus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2080","cDefinition":"refers to a fiber pathway in the cerebral white matter. It is composed of fibers that connect the cortex of the frontal lobe with cortex of the occipital lobe and the temporal lobe ( Carpenter-1983 ). Some authors refer to the connection with the temporal lobe as the arcuate fasciculus. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections. For full discussion of semantic differences in the use of these terms see Anthoney-1994.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fasciculus longitudinalis superior","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superior longitudinal fasciculus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"102"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculus longitudinalis superior","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fascicolo longitudinale superiore","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"верхний продольный пучок","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"fascículo longitudinal superior","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2081","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"396","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"superior thalamic radiations","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2081","cDefinition":"refers to fiber pathways that connect the ventral nuclear group of thalamus with the precentral gyrus and the postcentral gyrus through the superior thalamic peduncle, the posterior limb of the internal capsule and other parts of the cerebral white matter ( Carpenter-1983 ). They are not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections. For a detailed discussion of semantic differences in the use of terms relating to the thalamic peduncles and thalamocortical radiations see Anthoney-1994.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superior thalamic radiations","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superior thalamic radiation","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"middle thalamic radiation","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Radiationes thalamicae centrales","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"центральные таламические лучистости","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2082","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"397","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"inferior thalamic radiations","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2082","cDefinition":"refers to fiber pathways that connect the thalamus with the temporal lobe, the insula and/or, according to some authors, the ventral portion of the frontal lobe. They pass through the inferior thalamic peduncle, the sublenticular part of the internal capsule and other parts of the cerebral white matter ( Carpenter-1983 ). They are not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections. For a detailed discussion of semantic differences in the use of terms relating to the thalamic peduncles and the thalamocortical radiations see Anthoney-1994.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"inferior thalamic radiations","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"inferior thalamic radiation","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2083","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"398","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterior thalamic radiations","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2083","cDefinition":"refers to fiber pathways that connect the caudal parts of the thalamus with the occipital lobe and the parietal lobe through the posterior thalamic peduncle, the posterior limb of the internal capsule and other parts of the cerebral white matter ( Carpenter-1983 ). They are not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections. For a detailed discussion of semantic differences in the use of terms relating to the thalamic peduncles and the thalamocortical radiations see Anthoney-1994.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior thalamic radiations","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior thalamic radiation","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"6"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Radiationes thalamicae posteriores","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"radiazione talamica posteriore","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"задние таламические лучистости","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2084","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"393","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"auditory radiation","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2084","cDefinition":"refers to a fiber pathway in the sublenticular part of internal capsule (posterior limb) and other parts of the cerebral white matter. It connects the medial geniculate body with the transverse temporal gyrus of the cerebral cortex ( Carpenter-1983 ). It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections. Some authors consider it synonymous with, or a part of, the inferior thalamic radiations. For a detailed discussion of semantic differences in the use of terms relating to the thalamic peduncles and thalamocortical radiations see Anthoney-1994.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"radiasi akustik","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"auditory radiation","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"12"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"geniculotemporal radiations","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"geniculotemporal tract","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"acoustic radiations","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Radiatio acustica","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Radiatio acustica","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Radiatio geniculo-temporalis","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"Radiatio geniculo-temporalis","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Hörstrahlung","synonymSource":"Schultze-1993","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomisches Wörterbuch","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"radiazione uditiva","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"слуховая лучистость","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"radiación auditiva","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2085","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"639","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"accessory nerve","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2085","cDefinition":"refers to the cranial nerve formed by merger of the cranial part of the accessory nerve, which is an appendage of the medulla, and the spinal part of the accessory nerve. It is not part of the brain. A thorough discussion of semantic and factual conflicts in terminology regarding the accessory nerve and associated nuclei is presented in Anthoney-1994.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"saraf aksesori","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nervus accessorius spinalis","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"saraf-otak kesebelas","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nervus accessorius","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"spinal accessory nerve","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1991","synonymSourceTitle":"Core Text of Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"355"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"accessory nerve","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"896"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nerve XI","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"24"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"eleventh cranial nerve","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"9"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"spinal accessory nerve-2","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nervus accessorius","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"XI. Hirnnerv","synonymSource":"Kahle-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"Taschenatlas der Anatomie
\r\nVolume 3: Nervensystem und Sinnesorgane","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nervo XI","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nervo accessorio","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"добавочный нерв","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"нерв Виллизия","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Mozga Cheloveka (Atlas of the Human Brain)","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"вилизиев нерв","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Mozga Cheloveka (Atlas of the Human Brain)","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"nervio espinal","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"nervio accesorio","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2086","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"simian sulcus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2086","cDefinition":"refers to the confluence of the intraparietal sulcus, the lunate sulcus of the macaque and the parieto-occipital sulcus on the dorsal surface of the cerebral cortex of the macaque ( Kappers-1960 ). It is an externally visible opening to the intraparietal sulcus, which some authors refer to as the 'simian fossa'. It is not identified as a separate structure in brain atlases of the human, and equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"simian sulcus","synonymSource":"Kappers-1960","synonymSourceTitle":"The Comparative Anatomy of the Nervous System of Vertebrates, Including Man","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"Sulcus simiarum","synonymSource":"Kappers-1960","synonymSourceTitle":"The Comparative Anatomy of the Nervous System of Vertebrates, Including Man","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Cercocebus torquatus","synonymName":"Sulcus parieto-occipitalis lateralis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1905","synonymSourceTitle":"Beitraege zur histologischen Lokalisation der Grosshirnrinde: dritte Mitteilung: Die Rindenfelder der niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"Affenspalte","synonymSource":"Kappers-1960","synonymSourceTitle":"The Comparative Anatomy of the Nervous System of Vertebrates, Including Man","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2087","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"583","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"regio inferior of the hippocampus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2087","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure of the CA fields. It includes the CA2 field and the CA3 field ( Bakst-1984 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"regio inferior of the hippocampus","synonymSource":"Bakst-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"The distribution of acetylcholinesterase in the hippocampal formation of the monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2088","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"516","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"layers of the fascia dentata","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2088","cDefinition":"refers to two cyto- and myeloarchitecturally defined substructures of the fascia dentata: the molecular layer, which is located adjacent to the CA fields and/or the subiculum, and the granular layer, which is located between it and the hilus of the dentate gyrus ( Bakst-1984 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"layers of the fascia dentata","synonymSource":"Bakst-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"The distribution of acetylcholinesterase in the hippocampal formation of the monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2089","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"519","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"layers of CA3 field","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2089","cDefinition":"refers to six cyto- and myeloarchitecturally defined substructures of the CA3 field of CA fields. Beginning at their boundary with the white matter of the temporal lobe they are the alveus of the CA3 field, the stratum oriens of the CA3 field, the stratum pyramidale of the CA3 field, the stratum lucidum of the CA3 field, the stratum radiatum of the CA3 field and the stratum lacunosum moleculare of the CA3 field ( Bakst-1984 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"layers of CA3 field","synonymSource":"Bakst-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"The distribution of acetylcholinesterase in the hippocampal formation of the monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2090","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"517","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"layers of CA1 field","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2090","cDefinition":"refers to five cyto- and myeloarchitecturally defined substructures of the CA1 field of the CA fields. Beginning at their boundary with the white matter of the temporal lobe they are the alveus of the CA1 field, the stratum oriens of the CA1 field, the stratum pyramidale of the CA1 field, the stratum radiatum of the CA1 field and the stratum lacunosum moleculare of the CA1 field ( Bakst-1984 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"layers of CA1 field","synonymSource":"Bakst-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"The distribution of acetylcholinesterase in the hippocampal formation of the monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2091","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"518","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"layers of CA2 field","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2091","cDefinition":"refers to five cyto- and myeloarchitecturally defined substructures of the CA2 field of the CA fields. Beginning at their boundary with the white matter of the temporal lobe they are the alveus of the CA2 field, the stratum oriens of the CA2 field, the stratum pyramidale of the CA2 field, the stratum radiatum of the CA2 field and the stratum lacunosum moleculare of the CA2 field ( Bakst-1984 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"layers of CA2 field","synonymSource":"Bakst-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"The distribution of acetylcholinesterase in the hippocampal formation of the monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2092","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"520","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"layers of the subiculum","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2092","cDefinition":"refers to three cyto- and myeloarchitecturally defined substructures of the subiculum. Beginning at the outer limit of the subiculum, i.e., at its boundary with the hippocampal fissure, they are: the molecular layer of the subiculum (layer I), the pyramidal layer of the subiculum (layer 2) and the polymorphic layer of the subiculum (layer 3) ( Bakst-1984 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"layers of the subiculum","synonymSource":"Bakst-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"The distribution of acetylcholinesterase in the hippocampal formation of the monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2093","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"521","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"layers of the presubiculum","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2093","cDefinition":"refers to cyto- and myeloarchitecturally defined substructures of the presubiculum. The three layers are reported in the macaque. Beginning from the surface of the brain they are: the molecular layer of the presubiculum (layer I), the principal layer of the presubiculum (layer 2) and the pyramidal layer of the presubiculum (layer 3) ( Bakst-1984 ). Six layers are distinguised in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ).\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"layers of the presubiculum","synonymSource":"Bakst-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"The distribution of acetylcholinesterase in the hippocampal formation of the monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"layers of presubiculum","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Presubiculum, layers 1-6","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2095","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"823","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral ventral subnucleus of the midbrain central gray","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2095","cDefinition":"refers to a portion of the periaqueductal gray. It and the lateral dorsal subnucleus of the midbrain central gray constitute the lateral subnucleus of the midbrain central gray ( Beitz-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral ventral subnucleus of the midbrain central gray","synonymSource":"Beitz-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Central Gray","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventrolateral division of midbrain central gray","synonymSource":"Beitz-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Central Gray","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2097","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"825","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial subnucleus of the midbrain central gray","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2097","cDefinition":"refers to a portion of the periaqueductal gray. It, the lateral subnucleus of the midbrain central gray and the dorsal subnucleus of the midbrain central gray, constitute the periaqueductal gray ( Beitz-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial subnucleus of the midbrain central gray","synonymSource":"Beitz-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Central Gray","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Griseum centrale mesencephali, subnucleus medialis","synonymSource":"Olszewski-1954","synonymSourceTitle":"Cytoarchitecture Of The Human Brainstem","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2098","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"826","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal subnucleus of the midbrain central gray","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2098","cDefinition":"refers to a portion of the periaqueductal gray. It, the lateral subnucleus of the midbrain central gray and the medial subnucleus of the midbrain central gray, constitute the periaqueductal gray ( Beitz-1990 ).","parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2099","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"43","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"cingulate gigantopyramidal field","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2099","cDefinition":"refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined area of the human cerebral cortex that is distinguished by large pyramidal cells that are cytoarchitecturally distinct from those of the area 4 of Brodmann (human). It is located in the depth of the cingulate sulcus where it occupies portions of the superior frontal gyrus and the cingulate gyrus. It may correspond to the human secondary motor cortex ( Braak-1976, Zilles-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cingulate gigantopyramidal field","synonymSource":"Braak-1976","synonymSourceTitle":"The pyramidal cells of Betz within the cingulate and precentral gigantopyramidal field in the human brain: A Golgi and pigmentarchitectonic study","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cingulate core","synonymSource":"Zilles-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2100","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"709032212","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"solitary cells of Meynert","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2100","cDefinition":"refers to large pyramidal cells seen in layer 5 of area 17 of Brodmann (guenon) distributed in layer 5 along its boundary with layer 6 ( Brodmann-1905 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"solitary cells of Meynert","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Meynertschen Solitaerszellen","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1905","synonymSourceTitle":"Beitraege zur histologischen Lokalisation der Grosshirnrinde: dritte Mitteilung: Die Rindenfelder der niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2101","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"75","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 22 of Brodmann (human)","standardAcronym":"22","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2101","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined temporal region of cerebral cortex. In the human it corresponds approximately to the lateral and caudal two thirds of the superior temporal gyrus. It is bounded rostrally by the area 38 of Brodmann (human), medially by the area 42 of Brodmann (human), ventrocaudally by the area 21 of Brodmann (human) and dorsocaudally by the area 40 of Brodmann (human) and the area 39 of Brodmann ( Brodmann-1909 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superior temporal area 22","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-1995","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 22","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"22"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 22 of Brodmann (human)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area temporalis superior","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Feld 22","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2102","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"415","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"primary visual cortex","standardAcronym":"V1","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2102","cDefinition":"refers to a part of the occipital lobe defined in humans on the basis of multiple criteria, including thickness, myeloarchitecture ( heavily myelinated stria of Gennari ), and functional connectivity ( with the lateral geniculate nucleus ). It occupies a small area of the occipital pole and the banks of the calcarine sulcus, which are located in the cuneus dorsally and the lingual gyrus ventrally. In the macaque it occupies the occipital pole and most of the lateral surface of the occipital lobe ( Paxinos-2009a ). It is bounded largely by area V2 and area V3.\r\nOther authors have referred to the same topological area as 17, hOC1, OC, and BA17 ( Glasser-2016 ). Rats and mice have a topologically equivalent area, but the overall organization of visual cortical areas in rodents is unsettled. See visual cortex (rodent).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 17","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"korteks striat","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"korteks penglihatan primer","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"area visual I","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"korteks visual primer","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"striate area 17","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"striate area","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"31"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"striate cortex","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"1370"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 17 of Brodmann","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"primary visual area","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"131"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"visual area I","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"region 1 of Glasser","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"parcel V1","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"primary visual area","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"calcarine cortex","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"104"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"primary visual cortex","synonymSource":"Zilles-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Cortex","pubMedHits":"2692"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"primary visual cortex","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"2692"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 17","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"11"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 17 of Brodmann (human)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area V1","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"1710"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area striata","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"7"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"primäre Sehrinde","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sehzentrum V1","synonymSource":"Mai-2002","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sehfeld V1","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Feld 17","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"primärer visueller Kortex","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area 17 nach Brodmann","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"cortex strié","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"corteccia striata","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"corteccia visiva","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"corteccia visiva primaria","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"corteza visual primaria","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"área estriada","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"área visual primaria","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2103","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"90","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 25 of Brodmann (human)","standardAcronym":"25","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2103","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined cingulate region of cerebral cortex. In the human it is a narrow band located in the caudal portion of the subcallosal gyrus adjacent to the paraterminal gyrus from which it is separated by the posterior parolfactory sulcus. It is bounded by the area 11 of Brodmann (human) rostrally and by the paraterminal gyrus caudally ( Brodmann-1909, Vogt-1987 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"subgenual area 25","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-1995","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 25","synonymSource":"Vogt-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Human cingulate cortex: surface features, flat maps, and cytoarchitecture","pubMedHits":"7"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 25 of Brodmann (human)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"subgenual area","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area subgenualis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Feld 25","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"periallocortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"2315","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2315","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2104","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"92","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 29 of Brodmann (human)","standardAcronym":"29","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2104","cDefinition":"refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined portion of the retrosplenial area of the cerebral cortex. In the human it is a narrow band located in the isthmus of the cingulate gyrus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded internally by the area 26 of Brodmann (human) and externally by the area 30 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ). Brodmann found area 29 in the lemur, a prosimian but failed to find it in the guenon, a cercopithecus more closely related to the macaque ( Brodmann-1909 ). Vogt has reported it in the macaque ( Vogt-1987 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"granular retrolimbic area 29","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-1995","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 29 of Brodmann","synonymSource":"Vogt-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Human cingulate cortex: surface features, flat maps, and cytoarchitecture","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 29","synonymSource":"Vogt-1987","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate cortex of the rhesus monkey: I. Cytoarchitecture and thalamic afferents","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area retrolimbica granularis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Feld 29","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2105","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"64","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 46 of Brodmann","standardAcronym":"46","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2105","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined frontal region of cerebral cortex. In the human it occupies approximately the middle third of the middle frontal gyrus and the most rostral portion of the inferior frontal gyrus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded dorsally by the granular frontal area 9 of Brodmann-1909 (human), rostroventrally by the frontopolar area 10 of Brodmann (human) and caudally by the triangular area 45 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"middle frontal area 46","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-1995","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 46 of Brodmann (human)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-1995","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 46","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"23"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 46 of Brodmann","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area frontalis media","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Feld 46","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2106","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"77","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 41 of Brodmann","standardAcronym":"41","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2106","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined temporal region of cerebral cortex. It occupies the anterior transverse temporal gyrus in the bank of the lateral fissure on the dorsal surface of the temporal lobe. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded medially by the area 52 of Brodmann (human) and laterally by the area 42 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior transverse temporal area 41","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-1995","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 41 of Brodmann (human)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-1995","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"principal auditory receptive areas","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1991","synonymSourceTitle":"Core Text of Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 41","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 41 of Brodmann","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area temporalis transversa interna","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area temporalis transversa anterior","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Feld 41","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"principales áreas receptoras auditivas","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2107","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"79","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 23 of Brodmann (human)","standardAcronym":"23","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2107","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined cingulate region of cerebral cortex. In the human it occupies most of the posterior cingulate gyrus adjacent to the corpus callosum. At the caudal extreme it is bounded approximately by the parieto-occipital sulcus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded dorsally by the area 31 of Brodmann (human), rostrally by the area 24 of Brodmann (human), and ventrorostrally in its caudal half by the retrosplenial area ( Brodmann-1909 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventral posterior cingulate area 23","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-2000","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 23","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 23 of Brodmann (human)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area cingularis posterior ventralis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Feld 23","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2108","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"78","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 42 of Brodmann","standardAcronym":"42","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2108","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined temporal region of cerebral cortex. It is located in the bank of the lateral fissure on the dorsal surface of the temporal lobe. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded medially by the area 41 of Brodmann (human) and laterally by the area 22 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior transverse temporal area 42","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-1995","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 42 of Brodmann (human)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-1995","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"auditory association area","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1991","synonymSourceTitle":"Core Text of Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"19"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 42","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 42 of Brodmann","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area temporalis transversa externa","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area temporalis transversa posterior","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Feld 42","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"área auditiva de associación","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2109","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"417","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 18 of Brodmann (human)","standardAcronym":"18","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2109","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined occipital region of cerebral cortex. In the human it is located in parts of the cuneus, the lingual gyrus and the middle occipital gyrus of the occipital lobe. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded on one side by the primary visual cortex, from which it is distinguished by absence of a stria of Gennari, and on the other by the area 19 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"area penglihatan sekunder","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 18","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"area visual II","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"korteks parastriat","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"visual area II","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1991","synonymSourceTitle":"Core Text of Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"parastriate area 18","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-1995","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 18 of Brodmann (human)","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 18","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"8"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"parastriate area","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"visual area II","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"secondary visual area","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"14"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area occipitalis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area parastriata of Smith","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sehareal V2","synonymSource":"Mai-2002","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"sekundäre Sehrinde","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sehrinde V2","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Feld 18","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"area visiva secondaria","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"área visual secondaria","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"área visual II","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2110","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"36","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 43 of Brodmann (human)","standardAcronym":"43","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2110","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined postcentral region of cerebral cortex. In the human it occupies the postcentral gyrus and the precentral gyrus between the ventrolateral extreme of the central sulcus and the depth of the lateral fissure at the insula. Its rostral and caudal borders are approximated by the anterior subcentral sulcus (H) and the posterior subcentral sulcus respectively. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded rostrally by the area 6 of Brodmann (human) and caudally, for the most part, by the area 2 of Brodmann (human) and the area 40 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"subcentral area 43","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-1995","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 43","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 43 of Brodmann (human)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area subcentralis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Feld 43","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2111","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"416","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 19 of Brodmann (human)","standardAcronym":"19","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2111","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined occipital region of cerebral cortex. In the human it is located in parts of the lingual gyrus, the cuneus, the middle occipital gyrus and the superior occipital gyrus of the occipital lobe where it is bounded approximately by the parieto-occipital sulcus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded on one side by the area 18 of Brodmann (human) which it surrounds. Rostrally it is bounded by the area 39 of Brodmann and the area 37 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"area visual III","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"korteks peristriat","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 19","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"peristriate area 19","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 19","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"166"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 19","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"8"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"peristriate area","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"5"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"visual area III","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"pre-occipital cortex","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"preoccipital cortex","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 19 of Brodmann (human)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area praeoccipitalis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area peristriata of Smith","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Feld 19","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"área visual III","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2112","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"74","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 20 of Brodmann (human)","standardAcronym":"20","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2112","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined temporal region of cerebral cortex. In the human it corresponds approximately to the inferior temporal gyrus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded medially by the area 36 of Brodmann (human), laterally by the area 21 of Brodmann (human), rostrally by the area 38 of Brodmann (human) and caudally by the area 37 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"inferior temporal area 20","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-1995","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 20","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 20 of Brodmann (human)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area temporalis inferior","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Feld 20","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2113","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"81","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 24 of Brodmann (human)","standardAcronym":"24","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2113","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined cingulate region of cerebral cortex. In the human it occupies most of the anterior cingulate gyrus in an arc around the genu of the corpus callosum. Its outer border corresponds approximately to the cingulate sulcus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded internally by area 33 of Brodmann externally by area 32 of Brodmann (human), and caudally by area 23 of Brodmann (human) and the area 31 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventral anterior cingulate area 24","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-2000","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 24","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"14"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 24 of Brodmann (human)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area cingularis anterior ventralis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Feld 24","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2114","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"91","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 26 of Brodmann (human)","standardAcronym":"26","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2114","cDefinition":"refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined portion of the retrosplenial area of the cerebral cortex. In the human it is a narrow band located in the isthmus of the cingulate gyrus adjacent to the fasciolar gyrus internally. It is bounded externally by the area 29 of Brodmann-1909 (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ectosplenial area 26","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-1995","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 26","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 26 of Brodmann (human)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area ectosplenialis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Feld 26","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2115","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"95","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 34 of Brodmann","standardAcronym":"34","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2115","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined hippocampal region of the human cerebral cortex. It is located in the entorhinal area on the medial aspect of the temporal lobe. It and the area 28 of Brodmann (guenon) together constitute approximately the entorhinal area ( Brodmann-1909 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal entorhinal area 34","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-1995","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 34 of Brodmann (human)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-1995","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 34","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 34 of Brodmann","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area entorhinalis dorsalis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Feld 34","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2116","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"97","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 48 of Brodmann","standardAcronym":"48","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2116","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined hippocampal region of the cerebral cortex in the human. It is located on the medial surface of the temporal lobe. Cytoarchitectually it is bounded rostrally by the perirhinal area 35 and medially by the presubiculum. While described by Brodmann ( Brodmann-1909 ), it was not included in his areal maps of human cortex ( Brodmann-1909; Brodmann-1910 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"retrosubicular area 48","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-1995","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"retrosubicular area","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 48 of Brodmann (human)","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 48","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 48 of Brodmann","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area retrosubicularis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2117","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"63","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 11 of Brodmann (human)","standardAcronym":"11","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2117","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined frontal region of cerebral cortex of the human. As illustrated in Brodmann-1910, it constitutes most of the orbital gyri, the straight gyrus, and the most rostral portion of the superior frontal gyrus. It is bounded medially by the inferior rostral sulcus and laterally approximately by the frontomarginal sulcus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded on the rostral and lateral aspects of the hemisphere by the area 10 of Brodmann (human), the area 47 of Brodmann (human), and the area 45 of Brodmann (human); on the medial surface it is bounded dorsally by the area 12 of Brodmann (human) and caudally by the area 25 of Brodmann (human). In an earlier map, the area labeled 11 was larger; it included the area now designated area 12 of Brodmann (human).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"prefrontal area 11","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-2000","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 11","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"prefrontal area 11 of Brodmann-1910","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 11 of Brodmann (human)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area praefrontalis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1910","synonymSourceTitle":"Feinere Anatomie des Grosshirns","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Feld 11","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1910","synonymSourceTitle":"Feinere Anatomie des Grosshirns","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2118","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"163","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"stria of Gennari","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2118","cDefinition":"is a myeloarchitectural term denoting a greatly thickened outer band of Baillarger (a dense horizontal plexus of myelinated fibers in the internal granular layer (IV) of cerebral cortex ). It is visible to the naked eye and gives the primary visual cortex its name. In the human, primary visual cortex is located in the banks of the calcarine sulcus and portions of the cuneus and the lingual gyrus of the occipital lobe ( Crosby-1962, Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"band of Gennari","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"12"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"line of Gennari","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"stria of Gennari","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"20"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"stripe of Gennari","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"line of Vicq d'Azyr","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"visual stria","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lamina IVB","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Vicq d'Azyr-Streifen","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gennari-Streifen","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"strie de Gennari","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"linea di Gennari","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"banda de Gennari","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2120","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"158","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"stripe of Kaes","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2120","cDefinition":"is a myeloarchitectural term denoting a horizontal band of myelinated fibers in the most superficial part of the external pyramidal layer (layer III) ( Carpenter-1983 ) or the deep part of the external granular layer (layer II) ( Crosby-1962 ) of cerebral cortex.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"band of Kaes-Bechterew","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"stria of Kaes","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"stripe of Kaes","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"stria of Vicq d'Azyr","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"stripe of Vicq d'Azyr","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Kaes-Bechterew-Streifen","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2121","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"584","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"molecular layer of the dentate gyrus","standardAcronym":"DGml","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2121","cDefinition":"refers to the more superficial of two subdivisions of the fascia dentata based on cytoarchitecture. 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It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"serabut-serabut nigrostriatal","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"nigrostriatal fibers","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"12"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"nigrostriatal tract","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"76"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"nigrostriate bundle","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"comb bundle","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"nigrostriatal bundle","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"48"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"nigrostriatale Fasern","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibre nigrostriate","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibre nigrostriatali","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibras nigroestriadas","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"cerebral nuclei related","parentNeuroNamesId":"3016","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3016","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2126","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"629","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"nucleus of the bulbar accessory nerve","standardAcronym":"11","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2126","cDefinition":"refers to a group of nerve cells in the caudal pole of the nucleus ambiguus of the medulla. They give rise to the cranial part of the accessory nerve ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleus of the bulbar accessory nerve","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"bulbar accessory nucleus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"caudal pole of nucleus ambiguus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2127","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"167","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"paravermal cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2127","cDefinition":"refers to the medial portion of the cerebellar hemisphere located adjacent to the vermis of cerebellum ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"korteks paramedian","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"korteks paravermis","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"paravermal cortex","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"15"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"intermediate cortex","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"26"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"paramedial cortex","synonymSource":"Noback-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"The Human Nervous System: Basic Principles of Neurobiology","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"zona cerebellari paravermale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"zona paravermale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"área paravermicular","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"zona paravermicular","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2128","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"165","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral zone of the cerebellum","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2128","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cerebellum based on connectivity. 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They include corticostriate fibers, corticopontine fibers, corticobulbar fibers and fibers of the corticospinal tract ( Carpenter-1991 )","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"corticofugal fibers","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1991","synonymSourceTitle":"Core Text of Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"53"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibre corticofughe","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibras corticófugas","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2134","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1100413820","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"amygdalohypothalamic fibers","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2134","cDefinition":"refers to two pathways from the amygdala to the hypothalamus, the stria terminalis and the the ventral amygdalofugal projection ( Carpenter-1991 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"amygdalo-hypothalamic fibers","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1991","synonymSourceTitle":"Core Text of Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"amygdalo-hypothalamic fibers","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1991","synonymSourceTitle":"Core Text of Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"amygdalohypothalamic fibers","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibre amigdaloipotalamiche","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibras amigdalohipotalámicas","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibras amigdalohipotalámicas","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2135","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-565099161","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"striatonigral fibers","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2135","cDefinition":"refers to a fiber pathway connecting the striatum with the substantia nigra, particularly with the pars reticulata thereof. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections ( Carpenter-1991 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"striatonigral fibers","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1991","synonymSourceTitle":"Core Text of Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"14"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"striatonigral pathway","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"95"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"striatonigral pathway","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"95"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"striatonigrale Fasern","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"15"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibre striatonigrali","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibras estriadonigras","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"fascículo estriadonigro","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"cerebral nuclei related","parentNeuroNamesId":"3016","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3016","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2136","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1765016033","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"striatopallidal fibers","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2136","cDefinition":"refers to a fiber pathway projecting from the striatum to the globus pallidus, both the lateral globus pallidus and the medial globus pallidus. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections ( Carpenter-1991 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"striatopallidal fibers","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1991","synonymSourceTitle":"Core Text of Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Wilson's pencils","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"pencil fibres of Wilson","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"pencils of Wilson","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibre striatopallidali","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibras estriadopálidas","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"fascículo estriadopálido","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2137","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"998628271","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"amygdalostriate fibers","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2137","cDefinition":"refers to a fiber pathway from the amygdala to the striatum that is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained histological cross-sections ( Carpenter-1991 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"amygdalostriate fibers","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1991","synonymSourceTitle":"Core Text of Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibre amigdalostriate","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"fibras amigdaloestriadas","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2138","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"984","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lamina I","standardAcronym":"I","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2138","cDefinition":"refers to the thin layer of gray substance that caps the horn of the posterior gray column of the spinal central gray and wraps around its margins. Defined by cytoarchitecture it is most prominent in the lumbar enlargement. It is bounded externally by the dorsolateral fasciculus of the spinal cord and internally by lamina II of the posterior gray column ( Carpenter-1983 ). In the functional model of central nervous system organization it is classified as part of the subcortical somatosensory system ( Swanson-2004 ) (see Models Where It Appears below).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nukleus posteromarginal","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posteromarginal nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Rexed's lamina I","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lamina I","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"669"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"marginal nucleus","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"31"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"marginal nucleus of spinal cord","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"marginal zone of the spinal cord","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"apex of the posterior horn of the spinal cord","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lamina spinalis I","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus posteromarginalis","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus marginalis","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Zona spongiosa","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lamina 1","synonymSource":"Jastrow-2007","synonymSourceTitle":"Histologischer Atlas im Internet","pubMedHits":"44"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Zona marginalis","synonymSource":"Jastrow-2007","synonymSourceTitle":"Histologischer Atlas im Internet","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"cat","synonymName":"lamina marginalis","synonymSource":"Rexed-1964","synonymSourceTitle":"Some Aspects of the Cytoarchitectonics and Synaptology of the Spinal Cord","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Apex cornus dorsalis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Apex cornus posterioris","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"apex cornus dorsalis medullae spinalis","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"apex cornus posterioris medullae spinalis","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"great ape","synonymName":"die Zonalschicht","synonymSource":"Waldeyer-1888","synonymSourceTitle":"Das Gorilla-Rückenmark","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo posteromarginale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"lamina I","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"lámina I","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"núcleo posteromarginal","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"gray spinal laminae","parentNeuroNamesId":"1703","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1703","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"subcortical somatosensory system","parentNeuroNamesId":"3349","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3349","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2139","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"640","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus intercalatus (Le Gros Clark)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2139","cDefinition":"is variously identified with the lateral part of the medial mammillary nucleus ( Carpenter-1983 ), with the lateral mammillary nucleus ( Olszewski-1952, Riley-1943, Crosby-1962 ), or with the tuberomammillary nucleus ( Saper-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus intercalatus (Le Gros Clark)","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus intercalatus (Le Gros Clark)","synonymSource":"Saper-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Hypothalamus","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus intercalatus (Le Gros Clark)","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus intercalatus (Le Gros Clark)","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2140","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"319","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"mammillo-infundibular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2140","cDefinition":"refers to clusters of neurons in the hypothalamus. They are located lateral to the fornix near the boundary of the hypophysis and the posterior hypothalamic region ( Crosby-1962 ) and may represent an extension or subdivision of the tuberomammillary nucleus ( Saper-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"mammillo-infundibular nucleus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"mammillo-infundibular nuclei","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2141","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"530","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"subcallosal fasciculus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2141","cDefinition":"refers to a fiber pathway in the cerebral white matter at the junction of the corpus callosum, the lateral ventricle and the caudate nucleus. It contains connections between the occipital lobe and the frontal lobe ( Crosby-1962 ) and between areas of the cerebral cortex and the striatum ( Carpenter-1983 ). It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained cross-sections.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"subcallosal fasciculus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"11"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superior occipitofrontal fasciculus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"7"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"superior occipito-frontal fascicle","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superior fronto-occipital fasciculus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"5"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superior fronto-occipital bundle","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"subcallosal bundle","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Stratum subcallosum","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculus subcallosus","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculus occipitofrontalis superior","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculus occipito-frontalis superior","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"fasciculus occipitofrontalis superior","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2142","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"314","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"prothalamus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2142","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure that consists of all substructures of the hypothalamus located rostral to the postcommissural fornix ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"prothalamus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2143","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"644","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"middle lobe of Elliot Smith","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2143","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of the cerebellar cortex based on an alternate mode of grouping the lobes and lobules thereof ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"middle lobe of Elliot Smith","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2144","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"645","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"middle lobe of Ingvar","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2144","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of the cerebellar cortex based on an alternate mode of grouping the lobes and lobules thereof ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"middle lobe of Ingvar","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2145","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"638","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"capsule of the inferior colliculus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2145","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of the inferior colliculus that includes the medial medullary lamina of the inferior colliculus and the lateral medullary lamina of the inferior colliculus ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"capsule of the inferior colliculus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2146","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"653","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial medullary lamina of the inferior colliculus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2146","cDefinition":"refers to the medial portion of the capsule of the inferior colliculus ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial medullary lamina of the inferior colliculus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lamina medullaris medialis of inferior colliculus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2147","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"654","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral medullary lamina of the inferior colliculus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2147","cDefinition":"refers to the lateral portion of of the capsule of the inferior colliculus ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral medullary lamina of the inferior colliculus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lamina medullaris lateralis of inferior colliculus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2148","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"735","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"paralemniscal gray","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2148","cDefinition":"refers to a group of small neurons that is located between the medial lemniscus and the brachium of the inferior colliculus in the rostral portion of the tectum of the midbrain ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"paralemniscal gray","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus paralemniscalis","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Nucleus paralemniscalis","synonymSource":"Oertel-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"Zur zyto- und myeloarchitektonik des Rhombencephalon des Rhesusaffen (Macaca mulatta Zimmerman)","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2149","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"734","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus amygdaloideus corticalis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2149","cDefinition":"represents an area in the dorsal portion of the amygdala that includes part of the lateral amygdalar nucleus and some adjacent areas ( Kusama-1970 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fuscata","synonymName":"Nucleus amygdaloideus corticalis","synonymSource":"Kusama-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Brain of Macaca fuscata","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2150","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"641","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not 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It is the portion that lies immediately adjacent to the lamina terminalis. The remainder of the paraterminal gyrus is the subcallosal gyrus (Crosby), the portion adjacent to the rostrum of the corpus callosum ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior parolfactory gyrus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2152","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"612","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterior parolfactory gyrus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2152","cDefinition":"refers to a convolution in the subcallosal gyrus of cerebral cortex rostral to the lamina terminalis; it is located between the paraterminal gyrus and the anterior parolfactory sulcus ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior parolfactory gyrus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2153","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"772","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"longitudinal striae","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2153","cDefinition":"refers to the medial longitudinal stria and the lateral longitudinal stria, two thin bands of myelinated fibers embedded in the supracallosal gyrus ( Crosby-1962; Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"longitudinal striae","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"8"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"white striae of Lancisi","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"strie longitudinali (induseum griseum)","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"estrías longitudinales","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2154","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"159","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"bands of Baillarger","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2154","cDefinition":"is a myeloarchitectural term that refers to the outer band of Baillarger and the inner band of Baillarger, myelinated fibers in the internal granular layer (layer IV) and internal pyramidal layer (layer V) respectively, of cerebral cortex. In the primary visual cortex, the outer band of Baillarger is enlarged and is called the stria of Gennari ( Crosby-1962, Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"bands of Baillarger","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"stripes of Baillarger","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"bande di Baillarger","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"bandas de Baillarger","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2155","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"695","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"temporal vestibular area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2155","cDefinition":"refers to a region of the temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex that is defined on the basis of function ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"temporal vestibular area","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2156","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"422","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"prefrontal cortex (Crosby) - obsolete","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2156","cDefinition":"","parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2157","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-593999791","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Fissura intraparafloccularis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2157","cDefinition":"refers to the fissure in the cerebellum of the rodent between the parts of the hemisphere of the posterior lobe of the cerebellum that correspond to the cerebellar tonsil and the biventer lobule in the human ( Larsell-1972 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"prepyramidal fissure (Crosby)","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rodent","synonymName":"intraparafloccular fissure","synonymSource":"Larsell-1972","synonymSourceTitle":"The Comparative Anatomy and Histology of the Cerebellum: The Human Cerebellum, Cerebellar Connections, and Cerebellar Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"Fissura intraparafloccularis","synonymSource":"Brodal-1981","synonymSourceTitle":"Neurological Anatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca radiata","synonymName":"Fissura retrotonsillaris","synonymSource":"Brodal-1981","synonymSourceTitle":"Neurological Anatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fissura praepyramidalis cerebelli","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2158","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"784","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"fundus striati (primate)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2158","cDefinition":"refers to the transitional zone between the caudate nucleus and the putamen. As defined in the primate, it includes the nucleus accumbens between the rostral portions of those structures ( Heimer-1995 ). The striatal fundus (rodent) is defined to be considerably less extensive ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"primate","synonymName":"fundus striati (primate)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"fundus striati","synonymSource":"Heimer-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"The Human Brain and Spinal Cord: Functional Neuroanatomy and Dissection Guide","pubMedHits":"36"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"caudate fundus region","synonymSource":"HumanBrainInfo","synonymSourceTitle":"The HumanBrain.Info","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fundus striati","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"36"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2159","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"180","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"pars lateralis of the substantia nigra","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2159","cDefinition":"refers to a part of the pars reticulata of substantia nigra. It is the lateral, 'most fibrous' part ( Poirier-1983 ), which is regarded to be the phylogenetically oldest part of the substantia nigra and the only part found in nonmammalian vertebrates ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"substantia nigra, lateral part","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"pars lateralis of the substantia nigra","synonymSource":"Alheid-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Basal Ganglia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Substantia nigra, pars lateralis","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Substantia nigra, pars lateralis","synonymSource":"Francois-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"Localization of nigrostriatal, nigrothalamic and nigrotectal neurons in ventricular coordinates in macaques","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"rat","synonymName":"pars reticulata, subnucleus lateralis","synonymSource":"Poirier-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative morphology of the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area in the monkey, cat and rat","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2160","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"271","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus alaris (Olszewski)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2160","cDefinition":"refers to a group of nerve cells in the anteromedial nucleus of the thalamus ( Olszewski-1952 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Nucleus alaris (Olszewski)","synonymSource":"Olszewski-1952","synonymSourceTitle":"The Thalamus Of The Macaca mulatta: An Atlas For Use With The Stereotaxic Instrument","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus anteroinferior (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Jones-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlation and revised nomenclature of ventral nuclei in the thalamus of human and monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2161","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"852","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus parataenialis parvocellularis (Hassler)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2161","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the thalamus. It and the Nucleus parataenialis interstitialis (Hassler) constitute the paratenial nucleus ( Jones-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus parataenialis parvocellularis (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Jones-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlation and revised nomenclature of ventral nuclei in the thalamus of human and monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2162","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"853","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus parataenialis interstitialis (Hassler)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2162","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the thalamus. It and the Nucleus parataenialis parvocellularis (Hassler) constitute the paratenial nucleus ( Jones-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus parataenialis interstitialis (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Jones-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlation and revised nomenclature of ventral nuclei in the thalamus of human and monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2163","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"854","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus intralamellaris (Hassler)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2163","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of the thalamus that includes the central lateral nucleus, the paracentral nucleus and a portion of the densocellular part of medial dorsal nucleus. It has four subdivisions: the Nucleus intralamellaris oralis (Hassler), the intralamellar thalamic nuclei, the Nucleus intralamellaris interpolaris (Hassler) and the Nucleus intralamellaris caudalis (Hassler) ( Jones-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus intralamellaris (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Jones-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlation and revised nomenclature of ventral nuclei in the thalamus of human and monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2164","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"855","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus intralamellaris oralis (Hassler)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2164","cDefinition":"refers to a substructure of the thalamus that includes parts of the central lateral nucleus and the paracentral nucleus. It, the intralamellar thalamic nuclei, the Nucleus intralamellaris interpolaris (Hassler) and the Nucleus intralamellaris caudalis (Hassler) constitute the Nucleus intralamellaris (Hassler) ( Jones-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus intralamellaris oralis (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Jones-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlation and revised nomenclature of ventral nuclei in the thalamus of human and monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2165","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"856","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"intralamellar thalamic nuclei","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2165","cDefinition":"refers to a substructure of the thalamus that is part of the central lateral nucleus. It, the Nucleus intralamellaris oralis (Hassler), the Nucleus intralamellaris interpolaris (Hassler) and the Nucleus intralamellaris caudalis (Hassler) constitute the Nucleus intralamellaris (Hassler) ( Jones-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"intralamellar thalamic nuclei","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus intralamellaris ventralis (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Jones-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlation and revised nomenclature of ventral nuclei in the thalamus of human and monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nuclei intralamellares thalami","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2166","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"857","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus intralamellaris interpolaris (Hassler)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2166","cDefinition":"refers to a substructure of the thalamus that is part of the central lateral nucleus. It, the Nucleus intralamellaris oralis (Hassler), the intralamellar thalamic nuclei and the Nucleus intralamellaris caudalis (Hassler) constitute the Nucleus intralamellaris (Hassler) ( Jones-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus intralamellaris interpolaris (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Jones-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlation and revised nomenclature of ventral nuclei in the thalamus of human and monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2167","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"858","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus intralamellaris caudalis (Hassler)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2167","cDefinition":"refers to a substructure of the thalamus that is part of the densocellular part of medial dorsal nucleus. It, the Nucleus intralamellaris oralis (Hassler), the intralamellar thalamic nuclei and the Nucleus intralamellaris interpolaris (Hassler) constitute the Nucleus intralamellaris (Hassler) ( Jones-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus intralamellaris caudalis (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Jones-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlation and revised nomenclature of ventral nuclei in the thalamus of human and monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2168","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"859","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus centralis thalami, parvocellularis (Hassler)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2168","cDefinition":"refers to a substructure of the thalamus. It and the Nucleus centralis thalami, magnocellularis (Hassler) constitute the centromedian nucleus ( Jones-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus centralis thalami, parvocellularis (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Jones-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlation and revised nomenclature of ventral nuclei in the thalamus of human and monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2169","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"860","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus centralis thalami, magnocellularis (Hassler)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2169","cDefinition":"refers to a substructure of the thalamus. It and the Nucleus centralis thalami, parvocellularis (Hassler) constitute the centromedian nucleus ( Jones-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus centralis thalami, magnocellularis (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Jones-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlation and revised nomenclature of ventral nuclei in the thalamus of human and monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2170","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"861","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus anteroreuniens (Hassler)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2170","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells in the anteromedial nucleus of the thalamus ( Jones-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus anteroreuniens (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Jones-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlation and revised nomenclature of ventral nuclei in the thalamus of human and monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2171","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"862","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus limitans (Hassler)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2171","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of the thalamus that includes the limitans nucleus, the posterior nucleus of the thalamus, the suprageniculate nucleus and part of the central lateral nucleus. It has three subdivisions: the limitans nucleus, the Nucleus limitans medialis (Hassler), and the Nucleus limitans portae (Hassler) ( Jones-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus limitans (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Jones-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlation and revised nomenclature of ventral nuclei in the thalamus of human and monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2172","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"863","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus limitans medialis (Hassler)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2172","cDefinition":"refers to a part of the central lateral nucleus of the thalamus that is located posterior to the medial dorsal nucleus. It, the limitans nucleus and the Nucleus limitans portae (Hassler) constitute the Nucleus limitans (Hassler) ( Jones-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus limitans medialis (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Jones-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlation and revised nomenclature of ventral nuclei in the thalamus of human and monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2173","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"864","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus limitans portae (Hassler)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2173","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of the thalamus that includes the suprageniculate nucleus and the posterior nucleus of the thalamus. It, the limitans nucleus and the Nucleus limitans medialis (Hassler) constitute the Nucleus limitans (Hassler) ( Jones-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus limitans portae (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Jones-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlation and revised nomenclature of ventral nuclei in the thalamus of human and monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2174","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"884","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus centralis latocellularis","standardAcronym":"CLc","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2174","cDefinition":"refers to one of five midline nuclei of the thalamus as defined in Olszewski-1952. The other nuclei in the group are the Nucleus centralis densocellularis, the Nucleus centralis inferior thalami, the Nucleus centralis superior thalami, and the Nucleus centralis intermedialis. Together they constitute the central medial nucleus and the rhomboidal nucleus ( Jones-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Nucleus centralis latocellularis","synonymSource":"Olszewski-1952","synonymSourceTitle":"The Thalamus Of The Macaca mulatta: An Atlas For Use With The Stereotaxic Instrument","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2175","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"886","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus centralis inferior thalami","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2175","cDefinition":"refers to one of five midline nuclei of the thalamus as defined in Olszewski-1952. The other nuclei in the group are the Nucleus centralis densocellularis, the Nucleus centralis latocellularis, the Nucleus centralis superior thalami, and the Nucleus centralis intermedialis. Together they constitute the central medial nucleus and the rhomboidal nucleus ( Jones-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Nucleus centralis inferior thalami","synonymSource":"Olszewski-1952","synonymSourceTitle":"The Thalamus Of The Macaca mulatta: An Atlas For Use With The Stereotaxic Instrument","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Nucleus centralis inferior thalami","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2176","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"888","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus centralis intermedialis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2176","cDefinition":"refers to one of five midline nuclei of the thalamus as defined in Olszewski-1952. The other nuclei in the group are the Nucleus centralis densocellularis, the Nucleus centralis inferior thalami, the Nucleus centralis superior thalami, and the Nucleus centralis latocellularis. Together they constitute the central medial nucleus and the rhomboidal nucleus ( Jones-1990 )","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Nucleus centralis intermedialis","synonymSource":"Olszewski-1952","synonymSourceTitle":"The Thalamus Of The Macaca mulatta: An Atlas For Use With The Stereotaxic Instrument","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Nucleus centralis intermedius thalami","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2177","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"890","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsomedial central lateral nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2177","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of the rostral intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus. It includes the central dorsal nucleus and the most dorsal portion of the central medial nucleus ( Jones-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsomedial central lateral nucleus","synonymSource":"Jones-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlation and revised nomenclature of ventral nuclei in the thalamus of human and monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"dorsomedial central lateral nucleus","synonymSource":"Jones-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlation and revised nomenclature of ventral nuclei in the thalamus of human and monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleus cucullaris of thalamus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus cucullaris (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Jones-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlation and revised nomenclature of ventral nuclei in the thalamus of human and monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus cucullaris thalami","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2178","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"891","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"commissural nucleus of the thalamus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2178","cDefinition":"refers to a substructure of the central medial nucleus of the thalamus. It consists of all except the most dorsal portion of the central medial nucleus ( Mai-1997 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"commissural nucleus of the thalamus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"central medial nucleus (Jones)","synonymSource":"Jones-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlation and revised nomenclature of ventral nuclei in the thalamus of human and monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"central medial nucleus (Jones)","synonymSource":"Jones-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlation and revised nomenclature of ventral nuclei in the thalamus of human and monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus commissuralis thalami","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2179","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"865","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"superficial pulvinar nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2179","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of the thalamus that includes parts of the lateral dorsal nucleus, the lateral posterior nucleus and the medial pulvinar nucleus ( Mai-1997 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superficial pulvinar nucleus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus pulvinaris superficialis (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Jones-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlation and revised nomenclature of ventral nuclei in the thalamus of human and monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2180","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"866","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus pulvinaris medialis (Hassler)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2180","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of the thalamus that includes most of the medial pulvinar nucleus. It has four subdivisions: the Nucleus pulvinaris medialis internus (Hassler), the Nucleus pulvinaris medialis dorsalis (Hassler), the Nucleus pulvinaris medialis zentralis (Hassler) and the Nucleus pulvinaris medialis ventralis (Hassler) ( Jones-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus pulvinaris medialis (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Jones-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlation and revised nomenclature of ventral nuclei in the thalamus of human and monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2181","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"867","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus pulvinaris medialis internus (Hassler)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2181","cDefinition":"refers to a substructure of the medial pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus. It, the Nucleus pulvinaris medialis dorsalis (Hassler), the Nucleus pulvinaris medialis zentralis (Hassler) and the Nucleus pulvinaris medialis ventralis (Hassler) constitute the Nucleus pulvinaris medialis (Hassler) ( Jones-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus pulvinaris medialis internus (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Jones-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlation and revised nomenclature of ventral nuclei in the thalamus of human and monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2182","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"868","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus pulvinaris medialis dorsalis (Hassler)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2182","cDefinition":"refers to a substructure of the medial pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus. It, the Nucleus pulvinaris medialis internus (Hassler), the Nucleus pulvinaris medialis zentralis (Hassler) and the Nucleus pulvinaris medialis ventralis (Hassler) constitute the Nucleus pulvinaris medialis (Hassler) ( Jones-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus pulvinaris medialis dorsalis (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Jones-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlation and revised nomenclature of ventral nuclei in the thalamus of human and monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2183","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"869","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus pulvinaris medialis zentralis (Hassler)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2183","cDefinition":"refers to a substructure of the medial pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus. It, the Nucleus pulvinaris medialis internus (Hassler), the Nucleus pulvinaris medialis dorsalis (Hassler) and the Nucleus pulvinaris medialis ventralis (Hassler) constitute the Nucleus pulvinaris medialis (Hassler) ( Jones-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus pulvinaris medialis zentralis (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Jones-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlation and revised nomenclature of ventral nuclei in the thalamus of human and monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2184","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"870","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus pulvinaris medialis ventralis (Hassler)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2184","cDefinition":"? , nrefers to a substructure of the medial pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus. It, the Nucleus pulvinaris medialis dorsalis (Hassler), the Nucleus pulvinaris medialis zentralis (Hassler) and the Nucleus pulvinaris medialis internus (Hassler) constitute the Nucleus pulvinaris medialis (Hassler) ( Jones-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus pulvinaris medialis ventralis (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Jones-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlation and revised nomenclature of ventral nuclei in the thalamus of human and monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2185","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"871","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus pulvinaris ventralis (Hassler)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2185","cDefinition":"refers to a substructure of the thalamus. It, the intergeniculate pulvinar and the Nucleus pulvinaris suprabrachialis (Hassler) constitute the inferior pulvinar nucleus ( Jones-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus pulvinaris ventralis (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Jones-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlation and revised nomenclature of ventral nuclei in the thalamus of human and monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2186","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"872","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"intergeniculate pulvinar","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2186","cDefinition":"refers to a substructure of the thalamus. It, the Nucleus pulvinaris ventralis (Hassler) and the Nucleus pulvinaris suprabrachialis (Hassler) constitute the inferior pulvinar nucleus ( Mai-1997 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"intergeniculate pulvinar","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus pulvinaris intergeniculatus (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Jones-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlation and revised nomenclature of ventral nuclei in the thalamus of human and monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2187","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"873","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus pulvinaris suprabrachialis (Hassler)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2187","cDefinition":"refers to a substructure of the thalamus. It, the intergeniculate pulvinar and the Nucleus pulvinaris ventralis (Hassler) constitute the inferior pulvinar nucleus ( Jones-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus pulvinaris suprabrachialis (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Jones-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlation and revised nomenclature of ventral nuclei in the thalamus of human and monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2188","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"874","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus pulvinaris oralis (Hassler)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2188","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of the thalamus that includes most of the lateral posterior nucleus and dorsal parts of the anterior pulvinar nucleus. It has three subdivisions: the Nucleus pulvinaris orolateralis (Hassler), the Nucleus pulvinaris oromedialis (Hassler), and the Nucleus pulvinaris oroventralis (Hassler) ( Jones-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus pulvinaris oralis (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Jones-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlation and revised nomenclature of ventral nuclei in the thalamus of human and monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2189","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"875","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus pulvinaris orolateralis (Hassler)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2189","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of the thalamus that includes parts of the lateral posterior nucleus and of the anterior pulvinar nucleus. It, the Nucleus pulvinaris oromedialis (Hassler), and the Nucleus pulvinaris oroventralis (Hassler) constitute the Nucleus pulvinaris oralis (Hassler) ( Jones-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus pulvinaris orolateralis (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Jones-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlation and revised nomenclature of ventral nuclei in the thalamus of human and monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2190","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"876","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus pulvinaris oromedialis (Hassler)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2190","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of the thalamus that includes parts of the lateral posterior nucleus and of the anterior pulvinar nucleus. It, the Nucleus pulvinaris orolateralis (Hassler), and the Nucleus pulvinaris oroventralis (Hassler) constitute the Nucleus pulvinaris oralis (Hassler) ( Jones-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus pulvinaris oromedialis (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Jones-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlation and revised nomenclature of ventral nuclei in the thalamus of human and monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2191","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"877","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus pulvinaris oroventralis (Hassler)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2191","cDefinition":"refers to a substructure of the thalamus located in the dorsal part of the anterior pulvinar nucleus. It, the Nucleus pulvinaris oromedialis (Hassler), and the Nucleus pulvinaris orolateralis (Hassler) constitute the Nucleus pulvinaris oralis (Hassler) ( Jones-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus pulvinaris oroventralis (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Jones-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlation and revised nomenclature of ventral nuclei in the thalamus of human and monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2192","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"304","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus geniculatus lateralis ventralis, pars caudalis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2192","cDefinition":"refers to one of two cytoarchitectural subdivisions of the pregeniculate nucleus. The other is Nucleus geniculatus lateralis ventralis, pars oralis ( Jones-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Nucleus geniculatus lateralis ventralis, pars caudalis","synonymSource":"Olszewski-1952","synonymSourceTitle":"The Thalamus Of The Macaca mulatta: An Atlas For Use With The Stereotaxic Instrument","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus praegeniculatus fibrosus (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Jones-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlation and revised nomenclature of ventral nuclei in the thalamus of human and monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2193","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"305","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus geniculatus lateralis ventralis, pars oralis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2193","cDefinition":"refers to one of two cytoarchitectural subdivisions of the pregeniculate nucleus. The other is Nucleus geniculatus lateralis ventralis, pars caudalis ( Jones-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Nucleus geniculatus lateralis ventralis, pars oralis","synonymSource":"Olszewski-1952","synonymSourceTitle":"The Thalamus Of The Macaca mulatta: An Atlas For Use With The Stereotaxic Instrument","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus praegeniculatus griseus (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Jones-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlation and revised nomenclature of ventral nuclei in the thalamus of human and monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2194","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"306","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus habenularis lateralis magnocellularis (Hassler)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2194","cDefinition":"refers to one of three subdivisions of the lateral habenular nucleus. The other two are the Nucleus habenularis lateralis interstitialis (Hassler) and the Nucleus habenularis lateralis mixtocellularis (Hassler) ( Jones-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus habenularis lateralis magnocellularis (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Jones-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlation and revised nomenclature of ventral nuclei in the thalamus of human and monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Nucleus habenularis lateralis, pars magnocellularis","synonymSource":"Olszewski-1952","synonymSourceTitle":"The Thalamus Of The Macaca mulatta: An Atlas For Use With The Stereotaxic Instrument","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2195","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"307","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus habenularis lateralis interstitialis (Hassler)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2195","cDefinition":"refers to one of three subdivisions of the lateral habenular nucleus. The other two are the Nucleus habenularis lateralis magnocellularis (Hassler) and the Nucleus habenularis lateralis mixtocellularis (Hassler) ( Jones-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus habenularis lateralis interstitialis (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Jones-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlation and revised nomenclature of ventral nuclei in the thalamus of human and monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2196","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"308","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus habenularis lateralis mixtocellularis (Hassler)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2196","cDefinition":"refers to one of three subdivisions of the lateral habenular nucleus. The other two are the Nucleus habenularis lateralis interstitialis (Hassler) and the Nucleus habenularis lateralis magnocellularis (Hassler) ( Jones-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus habenularis lateralis mixtocellularis (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Jones-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlation and revised nomenclature of ventral nuclei in the thalamus of human and monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2197","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"310","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus habenularis lateralis, pars parvocellularis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2197","cDefinition":"refers to one of two cytoarchitecturally defined subdivisions of the lateral habenular nucleus of the epithalamus. The other is the Nucleus habenularis lateralis magnocellularis (Hassler) ( Jones-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Nucleus habenularis lateralis, pars parvocellularis","synonymSource":"Olszewski-1952","synonymSourceTitle":"The Thalamus Of The Macaca mulatta: An Atlas For Use With The Stereotaxic Instrument","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2198","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"878","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus geniculatus medialis (Hassler)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2198","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of the thalamus that includes the medial geniculate body and the Nucleus geniculatus medialis limitans (Hassler) ( Jones-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus geniculatus medialis (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Jones-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlation and revised nomenclature of ventral nuclei in the thalamus of human and monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2199","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"879","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus geniculatus medialis limitans (Hassler)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2199","cDefinition":"refers to a substructure of the thalamus. It and the medial geniculate body constitute the Nucleus geniculatus medialis (Hassler) ( Jones-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus geniculatus medialis limitans (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Jones-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlation and revised nomenclature of ventral nuclei in the thalamus of human and monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2200","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"880","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus geniculatus medialis, pars parvocellularis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2200","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of the thalamus that includes the ventral nucleus of the medial geniculate body and the dorsal nucleus of the medial geniculate body ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial geniculate nucleus, parvocellular portion","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Nucleus geniculatus medialis, pars parvocellularis","synonymSource":"Olszewski-1952","synonymSourceTitle":"The Thalamus Of The Macaca mulatta: An Atlas For Use With The Stereotaxic Instrument","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus geniculatus medialis, pars parvocellularis","synonymSource":"Jones-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlation and revised nomenclature of ventral nuclei in the thalamus of human and monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2201","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"881","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus paramedianus oralis (Hassler)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2201","cDefinition":"refers to one of three subdivisions of the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus. The others are the Nucleus paramedianus principalis (Hassler) and the Nucleus paramedianus caudalis (Hassler) ( Jones-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus paramedianus oralis (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Jones-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlation and revised nomenclature of ventral nuclei in the thalamus of human and monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2202","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"882","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus paramedianus caudalis (Hassler)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2202","cDefinition":"refers to one of three subdivisions of the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus. The others are the Nucleus paramedianus principalis (Hassler) and the Nucleus paramedianus oralis (Hassler) ( Jones-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus paramedianus caudalis (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Jones-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlation and revised nomenclature of ventral nuclei in the thalamus of human and monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Nucleus paraventricularis caudalis","synonymSource":"Olszewski-1952","synonymSourceTitle":"The Thalamus Of The Macaca mulatta: An Atlas For Use With The Stereotaxic Instrument","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2203","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"883","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus paramedianus principalis (Hassler)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2203","cDefinition":"refers to one of three subdivisions of the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus. The others are the Nucleus paramedianus oralis (Hassler) and the Nucleus paramedianus caudalis (Hassler) ( Jones-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus paramedianus principalis (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Jones-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlation and revised nomenclature of ventral nuclei in the thalamus of human and monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2204","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"718","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"central tegmental tract","standardAcronym":"ctg","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2204","cDefinition":"refers to a pathway containing fibers from midbrain nuclei that project to the inferior olivary complex, as well as fibers originating in the pontine reticular formation and the medullary reticular formation that project to several nuclei of the thalamus. It is a composite structure consisting of the central tegmental tract of the midbrain and the central tegmental tract of the pons ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fasikel tegmental sentral","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"tractus tegmentalis centralis","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fasciculus tegmental sentral","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"serabut retikuloretikular","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"traktus tegmental sentral","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"central tegmental tract","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"53"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"central tegmental tract","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"53"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"central tegmental fasciculus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"central tegmental bundle","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"central tegmental bundle","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"thalamo-olivary tract","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus tegmentalis centralis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Tractus tegmentalis centralis","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus tegmenti centralis","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculus tegmentalis centralis","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"zentrale Haubenbahn","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"центральный покрышечный путь","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"extrapyramidal fiber systems","parentNeuroNamesId":"3015","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3015","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2205","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"39","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus ventralis oralis, pars medialis (Dewulf)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2205","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of the ventral nuclear group of the thalamus. It includes the magnocellular part of the ventral anterior nucleus and the medial part of the ventral lateral nucleus (Macchi, personal communication).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus ventralis oralis, pars medialis (Dewulf)","synonymSource":"Macchi-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Toward an agreement on terminology of nuclear and subnuclear divisions of the motor thalamus","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2206","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"833","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus ventralis lateralis (Walker)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2206","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of the ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus. It includes the anterior ventral lateral nucleus, area X and the posterior ventral lateral nucleus ( Walker-1938 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Nucleus ventralis lateralis (Walker)","synonymSource":"Walker-1938","synonymSourceTitle":"The Primate Thalamus","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2207","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"834","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventral lateral nucleus (Ilinsky)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2207","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of the ventral nuclear group of the thalamus based on connectivity and motor function. It includes area X, the posterior ventral lateral nucleus, the pars postrema of the ventral lateral nucleus, and the oral part of the ventral posterolateral nucleus ( Macchi-1997 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"ventral lateral nucleus (Ilinsky)","synonymSource":"Macchi-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Toward an agreement on terminology of nuclear and subnuclear divisions of the motor thalamus","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2208","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"836","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus dorsooralis (Hassler)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2208","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the thalamus. It and the Nucleus lateropolaris (Hassler) constitute the parvicellular part of the ventral anterior nucleus. It is itself composed of two subdivisions: Nucleus dorsooralis internus (Hassler) and Nucleus dorsooralis externus (Hassler) ( Macchi-1997 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus dorsalis (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Macchi-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Toward an agreement on terminology of nuclear and subnuclear divisions of the motor thalamus","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"Nucleus lateralis rostralis situs polaris","synonymSource":"Percheron-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"The primate motor thalamus","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2209","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"837","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus dorsooralis internus (Hassler)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2209","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the thalamus. It, the Nucleus dorsooralis externus (Hassler) and the Nucleus dorsooralis internus (Hassler) constitute the parvicellular part of the ventral anterior nucleus ( Macchi-1997 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus dorsooralis internus (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Macchi-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Toward an agreement on terminology of nuclear and subnuclear divisions of the motor thalamus","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2210","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"838","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus dorsooralis externus (Hassler)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2210","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the thalamus. It, the Nucleus dorsooralis internus (Hassler) and the Nucleus lateropolaris (Hassler) constitute the parvicellular part of the ventral anterior nucleus ( Macchi-1997 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus dorsooralis externus (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Macchi-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Toward an agreement on terminology of nuclear and subnuclear divisions of the motor thalamus","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2211","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"839","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus lateropolaris (Hassler)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2211","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the thalamus. It, the Nucleus dorsooralis internus (Hassler) and the Nucleus dorsooralis externus (Hassler) constitute the parvicellular part of the ventral anterior nucleus ( Macchi-1997 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus lateropolaris (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Macchi-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Toward an agreement on terminology of nuclear and subnuclear divisions of the motor thalamus","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"Nucleus lateralis oralis situs dorsalis","synonymSource":"Percheron-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"The primate motor thalamus","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2212","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"842","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus dorsointermedius externus (Hassler)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2212","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the thalamus. It, the Nucleus dorsointermedius internus (Hassler) and the Nucleus dorsointermedius superior (Hassler) constitute the posterior ventral lateral nucleus ( Macchi-1997 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus dorsointermedius externus (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Macchi-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Toward an agreement on terminology of nuclear and subnuclear divisions of the motor thalamus","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2213","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"843","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus dorsointermedius internus (Hassler)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2213","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the thalamus. It, the Nucleus dorsointermedius externus (Hassler) and the Nucleus dorsointermedius superior (Hassler) constitute the posterior ventral lateral nucleus ( Macchi-1997 ) .","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus dorsointermedius internus (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Macchi-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Toward an agreement on terminology of nuclear and subnuclear divisions of the motor thalamus","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2214","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"844","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus dorsointermedius superior (Hassler)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2214","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the thalamus. It, the Nucleus dorsointermedius internus (Hassler) and the Nucleus dorsointermedius externus (Hassler) constitute the posterior ventral lateral nucleus ( Macchi-1997 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus dorsointermedius superior (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Macchi-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Toward an agreement on terminology of nuclear and subnuclear divisions of the motor thalamus","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2215","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"845","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus ventrointermedius internus (Hassler)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2215","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the thalamus. It, the Nucleus ventrointermedius externus (Hassler), the Nucleus zentrolateralis intermedius internus (Hassler) and the Nucleus zentrolateralis intermedius externus (Hassler) constitute the oral part of the ventral posterolateral nucleus ( Macchi-1997 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus ventrointermedius internus (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Macchi-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Toward an agreement on terminology of nuclear and subnuclear divisions of the motor thalamus","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2216","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"846","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus ventrointermedius externus (Hassler)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2216","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the thalamus. It, the Nucleus ventrointermedius internus (Hassler), the Nucleus zentrolateralis intermedius internus (Hassler) and the Nucleus zentrolateralis intermedius externus (Hassler) constitute the oral part of the ventral posterolateral nucleus ( Macchi-1997 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus ventrointermedius externus (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Macchi-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Toward an agreement on terminology of nuclear and subnuclear divisions of the motor thalamus","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2217","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"847","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus zentrolateralis intermedius internus (Hassler)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2217","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the thalamus. It, the Nucleus ventrointermedius internus (Hassler), the Nucleus ventrointermedius externus (Hassler) and the Nucleus zentrolateralis intermedius externus (Hassler) constitute the oral part of the ventral posterolateral nucleus ( Macchi-1997 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus zentrolateralis intermedius internus (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Macchi-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Toward an agreement on terminology of nuclear and subnuclear divisions of the motor thalamus","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2218","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"848","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus zentrolateralis intermedius externus (Hassler)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2218","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the thalamus. It, the Nucleus ventrointermedius internus (Hassler), the Nucleus ventrointermedius externus (Hassler) and the Nucleus zentrolateralis intermedius internus (Hassler) constitute the oral part of the ventral posterolateral nucleus ( Macchi-1997 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus zentrolateralis intermedius externus (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Macchi-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Toward an agreement on terminology of nuclear and subnuclear divisions of the motor thalamus","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2219","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"849","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus zentrolateralis caudalis internus (Hassler)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2219","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the thalamus. It, the Nucleus zentrolateralis caudalis externus (Hassler) and the Nucleus ventrocaudalis anterior externus (Hassler) constitute the caudal part of the ventral posterolateral nucleus ( Macchi-1997 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus zentrolateralis caudalis internus (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Macchi-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Toward an agreement on terminology of nuclear and subnuclear divisions of the motor thalamus","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2220","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"850","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus zentrolateralis caudalis externus (Hassler)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2220","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the thalamus. It, the Nucleus zentrolateralis caudalis internus (Hassler) and the Nucleus ventrocaudalis anterior externus (Hassler) constitute the caudal part of the ventral posterolateral nucleus ( Macchi-1997 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus zentrolateralis caudalis externus (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Macchi-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Toward an agreement on terminology of nuclear and subnuclear divisions of the motor thalamus","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2221","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"851","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus ventrocaudalis anterior externus (Hassler)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2221","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the thalamus. It, the Nucleus zentrolateralis caudalis internus (Hassler) and the Nucleus zentrolateralis caudalis externus (Hassler) constitute the caudal part of the ventral posterolateral nucleus ( Macchi-1997 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus ventrocaudalis anterior externus (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Macchi-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Toward an agreement on terminology of nuclear and subnuclear divisions of the motor thalamus","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2222","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"895","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"motor thalamus","standardAcronym":"Mthal","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2222","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of the ventral nuclear group of the thalamus based on connectivity and function. It includes the ventral anterior nucleus, the ventral lateral nucleus and the oral part of the ventral posterolateral nucleus. It consists of three regions: the anterolateral region of the motor thalamus, the anteromedial region of the motor thalamus and the posterior region of the motor thalamus ( Macchi-1997 ). The nomenclature of this region is extremely confusing, partly because of the number of anatomists who have independently segmented and named substructures according to different criteria and partly because reports from clinical studies in humans and neurophysiological studies in macaques use quite different nomenclatures. See Macchi-1997 and Krack-2002 for comprehensive treatment of these issues","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"motor thalamus","synonymSource":"Macchi-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Toward an agreement on terminology of nuclear and subnuclear divisions of the motor thalamus","pubMedHits":"109"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"motor thalamus","synonymSource":"Macchi-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Toward an agreement on terminology of nuclear and subnuclear divisions of the motor thalamus","pubMedHits":"109"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"motor thalamus","synonymSource":"Krack-2002","synonymSourceTitle":"Surgery of the motor thalamus: problems with the present nomenclatures","pubMedHits":"109"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2223","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"896","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterolateral region of the motor thalamus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2223","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of the ventral nuclear group of the thalamus based on connectivity and function. It includes the ventral anterior nucleus and the medial part of the ventral lateral nucleus which receive projections primarily from the substantia nigra. It, the anteromedial region of the motor thalamus and the posterior region of the motor thalamus constitute the motor thalamus ( Macchi-1997 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterolateral region of the motor thalamus","synonymSource":"Macchi-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Toward an agreement on terminology of nuclear and subnuclear divisions of the motor thalamus","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"anterolateral region of motor thalamus","synonymSource":"Macchi-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Toward an agreement on terminology of nuclear and subnuclear divisions of the motor thalamus","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"anterior region of motor thalamus","synonymSource":"Macchi-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Toward an agreement on terminology of nuclear and subnuclear divisions of the motor thalamus","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"substantia nigral channel of motor thalamus","synonymSource":"Macchi-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Toward an agreement on terminology of nuclear and subnuclear divisions of the motor thalamus","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2224","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"897","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anteromedial region of the motor thalamus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2224","cDefinition":"refers to a substructure of the ventral nuclear group of the thalamus based on connectivity and function. It corresponds to the anterior ventral lateral nucleus, which receives a projection primarily from the globus pallidus. It, the anterolateral region of the motor thalamus and the posterior region of the motor thalamus constitute the motor thalamus ( Macchi-1997 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anteromedial region of the motor thalamus","synonymSource":"Macchi-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Toward an agreement on terminology of nuclear and subnuclear divisions of the motor thalamus","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"anteromedial region of motor thalamus","synonymSource":"Macchi-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Toward an agreement on terminology of nuclear and subnuclear divisions of the motor thalamus","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"middle region of motor thalamus","synonymSource":"Macchi-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Toward an agreement on terminology of nuclear and subnuclear divisions of the motor thalamus","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"pallidal channel of motor nucleus","synonymSource":"Macchi-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Toward an agreement on terminology of nuclear and subnuclear divisions of the motor thalamus","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"pallidal channel of motor nucleus","synonymSource":"Macchi-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Toward an agreement on terminology of nuclear and subnuclear divisions of the motor thalamus","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2225","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"898","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterior region of the motor thalamus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2225","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of the ventral nuclear group of the thalamus based on connectivity and function. It includes area X, the posterior ventral lateral nucleus, the pars postrema of the ventral lateral nucleus and the oral part of the ventral posterolateral nucleus, which receive projections primarily from the cerebellum. It, the anterolateral region of the motor thalamus and the anteromedial region of the motor thalamus constitute the motor thalamus ( Macchi-1997 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior region of the motor thalamus","synonymSource":"Macchi-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Toward an agreement on terminology of nuclear and subnuclear divisions of the motor thalamus","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"posterior region of motor thalamus","synonymSource":"Macchi-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Toward an agreement on terminology of nuclear and subnuclear divisions of the motor thalamus","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cerebellar channel of motor thalamus","synonymSource":"Macchi-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Toward an agreement on terminology of nuclear and subnuclear divisions of the motor thalamus","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"cerebellar channel of motor thalamus","synonymSource":"Macchi-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Toward an agreement on terminology of nuclear and subnuclear divisions of the motor thalamus","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2226","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"831","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterior division of the ventral posterior lateral nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2226","cDefinition":"refers to one of two subdivisions of the caudal part of the ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus based on connectivity. The other subdivision is the posterior division of the ventral posterior lateral nucleus ( Hirai-1989 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventral posterior lateral nucleus, anterior part","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventral posterior lateral nucleus, anterior division","synonymSource":"Hirai-1989","synonymSourceTitle":"A new parcellation of the human thalamus on the basis of histochemical staining","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"anterior division of the ventral posterior lateral nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2227","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"832","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterior division of the ventral posterior lateral nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2227","cDefinition":"refers to one of two subdivisions of the caudal part of the ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus based on connectivity. The other subdivision is the anterior division of the ventral posterior lateral nucleus ( Hirai-1989 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventral posterior lateral nucleus, posterior divison","synonymSource":"Hirai-1989","synonymSourceTitle":"A new parcellation of the human thalamus on the basis of histochemical staining","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"posterior division of the ventral posterior lateral nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus ventrocaudalis posterior externus (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Macchi-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Toward an agreement on terminology of nuclear and subnuclear divisions of the motor thalamus","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2228","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"840","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventrolateral anterior nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2228","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the thalamus. It and the ventrolateral posterior nucleus constitute the anterior ventral lateral nucleus ( Macchi-1997 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"ventrolateral anterior nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus ventrooralis anterior (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Macchi-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Toward an agreement on terminology of nuclear and subnuclear divisions of the motor thalamus","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2229","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"841","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventrolateral posterior nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2229","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the thalamus. It and the ventrolateral anterior nucleus constitute the anterior ventral lateral nucleus ( Mai-1997 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventrolateral posterior nucleus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus ventro-oralis posterior (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus ventrooralis posterior (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Macchi-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Toward an agreement on terminology of nuclear and subnuclear divisions of the motor thalamus","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2230","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"899","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"nonmotor region of the ventral nuclear group","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2230","cDefinition":"refers to a substructure of the ventral nuclear group of the thalamus based on connectivity and function. It corresponds to the caudal part of the ventral posterolateral nucleus, which receives input from the medial lemniscus. The anterodorsal portion of this region receives primarily proprioceptive afferents. The central portion receives primarily cutaneous afferents ( Macchi-1997 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"nonmotor region of the ventral nuclear group","synonymSource":"Macchi-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Toward an agreement on terminology of nuclear and subnuclear divisions of the motor thalamus","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"nonmotor region of ventral nuclear group","synonymSource":"Macchi-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Toward an agreement on terminology of nuclear and subnuclear divisions of the motor thalamus","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lemniscal channel","synonymSource":"Macchi-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Toward an agreement on terminology of nuclear and subnuclear divisions of the motor thalamus","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"lemniscal channel","synonymSource":"Macchi-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Toward an agreement on terminology of nuclear and subnuclear divisions of the motor thalamus","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2231","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-315654520","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"uncal sulcus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2231","cDefinition":"refers to the portion of the hippocampal fissure that lies ventral to the uncus, i.e., to the portion of the CA fields that folds back upon itself at its rostral extreme ( Mai-1997 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"uncal sulcus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus unci","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"sulcus unci hippocampi","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"борозда крючка гиппокампа","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2232","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"590","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"inferior branch of the oculomotor nerve","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2232","cDefinition":"refers to a peripheral subdivision of the oculomotor nerve. It is not part of the brain ( Mai-1997 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"inferior division of the oculomotor nerve","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"oculomotor nerve, inferior ramus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"oculomotor nerve (inferior branch)","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"inferior branch of the oculomotor nerve","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"36"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nervus oculomotorius, ramus inferior","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nervus oculomotorius, radix inferior","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2233","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"309","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"subhabenular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2233","cDefinition":"refers to a cell group in the midline nuclear group of the thalamus ( Mai-1997 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"subhabenular nucleus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus subhabenularis (Hassler)","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2234","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"134","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"striatal cell bridges","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2234","cDefinition":"refers to narrow bands and islands of cells that are embedded in the internal capsule between the caudate nucleus and the putamen in the human ( Mai-1997 ). See also cell bridges of the ventral striatum.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"striatal cell bridges","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"9"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Pontes striatales","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"pontes grisei caudatolenticulaires","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2235","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"533","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"substriatal terminal island","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2235","cDefinition":"refers to a cell group located predominantly in the substantia innominata along the ventral border of the putamen ( Mai-1997 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"substriatal terminal island","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Insula terminalis substriatalis","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2236","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"534","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"tubercular terminal islands","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2236","cDefinition":"refers to a cell group in the olfactory tubercle ( Mai-1997 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"tubercular terminal island(s)","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"tubercular terminal islands","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Insula terminalis tubercularis","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2237","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"133","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"amygdalostriate transition area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2237","cDefinition":"refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined area along the lateral boundary of the amygdala with the ventral part of the putamen ( Mai-1997 )","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"amygdalostriate transition area","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area transitoria amygdalo-striatalis","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2238","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"57","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"frontopolar area (Mai) - obsolete","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2238","cDefinition":"","parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2239","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"301","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"corticoamygdalar transition area - obsolete","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2239","cDefinition":"","parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2240","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"739","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"subependymal gray - obsolete","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2240","cDefinition":"","parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2241","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"205","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"supracapsular part of the globus pallidus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2241","cDefinition":"refers to a narrow part of the globus pallidus that is located between the internal capsule and the head of the caudate nucleus ( Mai-1997 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"supracapsular part of the globus pallidus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Globus pallidus, pars supracapsularis","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2242","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"532","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"subcaudate terminal island","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2242","cDefinition":"refers to a cell group embedded in the internal capsule near its ventromedial boundary with the head of the caudate nucleus. It is seen in coronal section at about the anterior-posterior level of the septal nuclei ( Mai-1997 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"subcaudate terminal island","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Insula terminalis subcaudata","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2243","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"796","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"sexual dimorphic nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2243","cDefinition":"refers to a collection of nerve cells located lateral to the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus at about the anterior-posterior level of the anterior commissure ( Mai-1997 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"sexual dimorphic nucleus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"7"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus intermedius hypothalami","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2244","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"161","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"sublenticular stria","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2244","cDefinition":"refers to a narrow horizontal band of fibers in the substantia innominata ( Mai-1997 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"sublenticular stria","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Stria sublenticularis","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2245","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"268","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"pallidohypothalamic fasciculus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2245","cDefinition":"refers to a bundle of fibers in the forebrain that connects the globus pallidus and the hypothalamus ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"pallidohypothalamic fasciculus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"pallidohypothalamic fibers","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"X-bundle","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculus pallido-hypothalamicus","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus pallido-hypothalamicus","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fibrae pallidohypothalamicae","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2246","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"207","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"peduncle of the lenticular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2246","cDefinition":"refers to white matter located in the roof of the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle between the tail of the caudate nucleus and stria terminalis ( Mai-1997 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"peduncle of the lenticular nucleus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"peduncle of lentiform nucleus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Pedunculus nuclei lentiformis","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Pedunculus lentiformis","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"pédoncule du noyau lenticulaire","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2247","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"10","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial occipitotemporal gyrus (Mai)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2247","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure of the cerebral cortex that consists of the lingual gyrus and the parahippocampal gyrus. Semantic and factual conflicts regarding the structure and nomenclature of this and adjacent structures are discussed in Anthoney-1994.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial occipitotemporal gyrus (Mai)","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus occipitotemporalis medialis","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus occipito-temporalis medialis","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"gyrus occipitotemporal médial","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2248","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"788","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"amygdalar island","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2248","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the extended amygdala. It is located in a portion of the nucleus of stria terminalis, which in the human extends into the substantia innominata ventral to the globus pallidus toward the rostral amygdala ( Mai-1997 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"amygdaloid island","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"amygdaloid islands","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"amygdalar island","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Insula amygdaloidea","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2249","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"340","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterior limiting nucleus of the thalamus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2249","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells at the posteromedial boundary of the thalamus with the pretectal region in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). It is one of four components of the lateral group of the dorsal thalamus in the polymodal association thalamus of the Functional CNS Model - Rat (see Models Where It Appears) below).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"posterior limitans thalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"posterior limitans nucleus of the thalamus","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"posterior limiting nucleus of the thalamus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"lateral group of the dorsal thalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"2882","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2882","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2250","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"236","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"precommissural archicortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2250","cDefinition":"refers to a structure in the vicinity of the diagonal band and the subcallosal gyrus ( Mai-1997 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"precommissural archicortex","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Archicortex praecommissuralis","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2251","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"24","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"uncal notch","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2251","cDefinition":"refers to a depression in the entorhinal area that marks the ventral boundary of the uncus ( Mai-1997 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"uncal notch","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"uncal notch (Duvernoy)","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Incisura unci","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Incisura impressio unci","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2252","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"277","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"parafornical nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2252","cDefinition":"refers to a substructure of the hypothalamus that surrounds the postcommissural fornix. It is part of the intermediate hypothalamic region medially and of the lateral hypothalamic area laterally ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"parafornical nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus parafornicalis","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2253","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"38","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"subparafascicular nucleus","standardAcronym":"SPF","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2253","cDefinition":"refers to a cell group located ventral to the parafascicular nucleus in the thalamus. Identified by internal structure, it is present in the human ( Mai-1997 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-1998 ), and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"subparafascicular nucleus thalamus","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"subparafascicular nucleus of the thalamus","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"subparafascicular thalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"25"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"subparafascicular nucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"30"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"subparafascicular thalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009a","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain, Second Edition","pubMedHits":"25"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus subparafascicularis thalami","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"ventral group of the dorsal thalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"2878","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2878","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2254","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"478","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"superficial medullary stratum","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2254","cDefinition":"refers to the most superficial layer of the presubiculum, subiculum and CA fields ( Mai-1997 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superficial medullary stratum","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Stratum medullare superficiale","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2255","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"651","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"falciform fold (human)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2255","cDefinition":"refers to a substructure of the human insula. It is located at the rostral extreme of the insula. Overlapping the accessory short gyrus (human) and the anterior accessory gyrus (human), it may be equivalent to those structures ( Mufson-1990; Mufson personal communication ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"falciform fold","synonymSource":"Mufson-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Chemical neuroanatomy of the primate insula cortex: relationship to cytoarchitectonics, connectivity, function and neurodegeneration","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"pli falciforme","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2256","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"14","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"orbitoinsular sulcus","standardAcronym":"ois","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2256","cDefinition":"refers to a small groove variably seen on the anterior inferior surface of the insula of the macaque and the baboon. It has no reliable relation to the internal structure of the insula ( Mufson-1997 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Papio","synonymName":"orbitoinsular sulcus","synonymSource":"Mufson-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Chemical neuroanatomy of the primate insula cortex: relationship to cytoarchitectonics, connectivity, function and neurodegeneration","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"orbitoinsular sulcus","synonymSource":"Mufson-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Chemical neuroanatomy of the primate insula cortex: relationship to cytoarchitectonics, connectivity, function and neurodegeneration","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"orbitoinsular groove","synonymSource":"Mufson-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Chemical neuroanatomy of the primate insula cortex: relationship to cytoarchitectonics, connectivity, function and neurodegeneration","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2257","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"15","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterior inferior sulcus (macaque)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2257","cDefinition":"refers to a sulcus variably seen on the posterior inferior surface of the insula in the Papio ( Mufson-1997 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Papio","synonymName":"posterior inferior sulcus","synonymSource":"Mufson-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Chemical neuroanatomy of the primate insula cortex: relationship to cytoarchitectonics, connectivity, function and neurodegeneration","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2258","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"893","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"superior limiting sulcus","standardAcronym":"slms","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2258","cDefinition":"refers to one of three parts of the limiting sulcus in the human ( Ture-1999 ). Identified by dissection, it separates the insula from the frontoparietal operculum. The other parts are the inferior limiting sulcus and the anterior limiting sulcus. In the macaque it is one of just two parts; the other is the inferior limiting sulcus. The limiting sulcus is not present in rodents.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superior marginal sulcus of the insula","synonymSource":"Szikla-1977","synonymSourceTitle":"Angiography Of The Human Brain Cortex: Atlas of Vascular Patterns and Stereotactic Cortical Localization","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"superior limiting sulcus","synonymSource":"Mufson-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Chemical neuroanatomy of the primate insula cortex: relationship to cytoarchitectonics, connectivity, function and neurodegeneration","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"superior limb of the circular sulcus","synonymSource":"Mufson-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Chemical neuroanatomy of the primate insula cortex: relationship to cytoarchitectonics, connectivity, function and neurodegeneration","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superior periinsular sulcus","synonymSource":"Ture-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Topographic anatomy of the insular region","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superior peri-insular sulcus","synonymSource":"Morecraft-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Segregated parallel inputs to the brachial spinal cord from the cingulate motor cortex in the monkey","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"sulcus superior insulae (Reilli)","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"верхняя бороздка островка (Рейля)","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2259","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"894","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"inferior limiting sulcus","standardAcronym":"ilms","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2259","cDefinition":"refers to one of three parts of the limiting sulcus in the human ( Ture-1999 ). Identified by dissection, it separates the insula from the superior temporal gyrus of the temporal lobe. The other parts are the superior limiting sulcus and the anterior limiting sulcus. In the macaque it is one of just two parts; the other is the superior limiting sulcus. The limiting sulcus is not present in rodents.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"inferior marginal sulcus of the insula","synonymSource":"Szikla-1977","synonymSourceTitle":"Angiography Of The Human Brain Cortex: Atlas of Vascular Patterns and Stereotactic Cortical Localization","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"inferior limiting sulcus","synonymSource":"Mufson-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Chemical neuroanatomy of the primate insula cortex: relationship to cytoarchitectonics, connectivity, function and neurodegeneration","pubMedHits":"7"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"ventral limb of the circular sulcus","synonymSource":"Mufson-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Chemical neuroanatomy of the primate insula cortex: relationship to cytoarchitectonics, connectivity, function and neurodegeneration","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"inferior periinsular sulcus","synonymSource":"Ture-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Topographic anatomy of the insular region","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior marginal sulcus","synonymSource":"Mufson-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Chemical neuroanatomy of the primate insula cortex: relationship to cytoarchitectonics, connectivity, function and neurodegeneration","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"inferior peri-insular sulcus","synonymSource":"Morel-2013","synonymSourceTitle":"The human insula: Architectonic organization and postmortem MRI registration","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"sulcus inferior insulae (Reilii)","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"нижняя бороздка островка (Рейля)","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2260","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"60","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 12 of Brodmann (human)","standardAcronym":"12","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2260","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined frontal region of the human cerebral cortex. Originally, it was described as part of the area 11 of Brodmann (human) but not shown in the cortical map of Brodmann-1909. In a subsequent publication ( Brodmann-1910 ), however, it was labeled as an independent area 12. It occupied the area between the superior rostral sulcus and the inferior rostral sulcus. Cytoarchitecturally it was bounded dorsally by area 10 of Brodmann (human) and area 32 of Brodmann (human); caudally, ventrally and rostrally it was bounded by the area 11 of Brodmann (human). Current maps of the human cerebral cortex have incorporated the topological area between the rostral sulci into area 10 ( Ongur-2003 ). \r\n\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"rostral area 12","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-2000","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 12","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 12 of Brodmann (human)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Feld 12","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1910","synonymSourceTitle":"Feinere Anatomie des Grosshirns","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2261","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"201","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"tuberal nuclei","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2261","cDefinition":"refers to the combination of the lateral tuberal nuclei and the tuberomammillary nucleus, both of which are in the lateral hypothalamic area. They are found in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). See also: tuberal nucleus.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nukleus-nukleus tuberal","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"tuberal nuclei","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"24"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nuclei tuberales (hypothalami)","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"серобугорные ядра","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2262","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"798","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Regio hypothalamica dorsalis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2262","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of the forebrain that includes the nucleus of the ansa lenticularis and the entopeduncular nucleus ( Nomina-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Regio hypothalamica dorsalis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area hypothalamica dorsalis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"9"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2263","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"313","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"perifornical nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2263","cDefinition":"refers to a group of nerve cells surrounding the postcommissural fornix in the intermediate hypothalamic region ( Crosby-1962, Paxinos-2001 ). See also: perifornical area.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"cat","synonymName":"perifornical nucleus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"49"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"interfornical nucleus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fuscata","synonymName":"Nucleus perifornicalis hypothalami","synonymSource":"Kusama-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Brain of Macaca fuscata","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus perifornicalis","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2264","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"276","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"parabrachial pigmented nucleus","standardAcronym":"PBP","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2264","cDefinition":"refers to a substructure of the ventral tegmental area that is located ventral and lateral to the decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle ( Poirier-1983, Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"parabrachial pigmented nucleus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"11"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Nucleus parabrachialis pigmentosus","synonymSource":"Poirier-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative morphology of the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area in the monkey, cat and rat","pubMedHits":"10"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus parabranchialis pigmentosus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Substantia nigra, pars dorsalis","synonymSource":"Poirier-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative morphology of the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area in the monkey, cat and rat","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2265","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"22","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"terminal descending limb of the lateral fissure","standardAcronym":"tdl","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2265","cDefinition":"refers to one of two branches of the lateral fissure at its posterior end in the human. Its appearance is variable; in about half of cases it is identical to the transverse temporal sulcus. The other branch is the terminal ascending limb of the lateral fissure ( Ono-1990 ). It is not found in the macaque ( Martin-2000 ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) or the mouse ( Hof-2000 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"posterior descending limb of the lateral sulcus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-1995","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"descending terminal ramus of Sylvian fissure","synonymSource":"Ono-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"terminal descending limb of the lateral fissure","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"terminal descending limb of sylvian fissure","synonymSource":"Ture-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Topographic anatomy of the insular region","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2266","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"25","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterior limb of the lateral fissure","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2266","cDefinition":"refers to the greater portion of the lateral fissure, which extends caudally from the stem of lateral fissure and from which, in the human, the various rami and limbs of the lateral fissure branch ( Ono-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"ramus posterior, sulkus lateral","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"posterior limb of the lateral sulcus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior ramus of Sylvian fissure","synonymSource":"Ono-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Ramus posterior sulcus lateralis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus lateralis, ramus posterior","synonymSource":"Nieuwenhuys-1987","synonymSourceTitle":"Illustrations of the gross anatomy of the brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Ramus horizontalis posterior of Sylvian fissure","synonymSource":"Cunningham-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Contribution to the Surface Anatomy of the Cerebral Hemispheres with a Chapter upon Cranio-Cerebral Topography","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Ramus posterior fissurae sylvii","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2267","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"819","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"intralingual ramus of the collateral sulcus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2267","cDefinition":"refers to a branch of the collateral sulcus into the lingual gyrus of the occipital lobe. Identified by dissection, it is found in the human ( Ono-1990 ). No equivalent structure is found in the macaque or in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"intralingual ramus of the collateral sulcus","synonymSource":"Ono-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posteromedial terminal branch of collateral sulcus","synonymSource":"Ono-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2268","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"801","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"frontal operculum","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2268","cDefinition":"refers to the part of the frontal lobe that overlies the rostrodorsal portion of the insula in primates. It is defined by dissection. It is separated from the insula by the anterior two-thirds of the superior limiting sulcus. It is the part of the superior bank of the lateral fissure that extends from the plane of the central sulcus to the rostral end of the insula. In the human it is subdivided into the precentral operculum, the opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus, the triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus and the orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus ( Mai-2004; Schiebler-1999 ). The frontal operculum together with the parietal operculum constitute the frontoparietal operculum. In the macaque the frontal operculum is the anteroventral part of the precentral gyrus ( Martin-2000 ). It is not present in rodents.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"frontal operculum","synonymSource":"Mai-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Fetal Development of the Central Nervous System","pubMedHits":"234"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"frontal opercular cortex","synonymSource":"Sewards-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"Cortical association areas in the gustatory system","pubMedHits":"10"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Operculum frontale","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"лобная покрышка","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"opérculo frontal","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"frontoparietal operculum","parentNeuroNamesId":"2390","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2390","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Cortical Opercula - Human","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"frontoparietal operculum","parentNeuroNamesId":"2390","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2390","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Cortical Opercula - Macaque","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2269","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"202611705","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterior part of the brainstem","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2269","cDefinition":"refers to the anterior part of the brainstem divided longitudinally. It includes the crus cerebri, the anterior part of the pons, and the pyramid of the medulla. The other parts of the brainstem so divided are the brainstem tegmentum, the ventricular system of the brainstem, and the Tectum (Schiebler) ( Schiebler-1999 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"anterior part of the brainstem","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"anteriorer Anteil","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"vorderer Anteil","synonymSource":"Mai-2002","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2270","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1689353983","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"paramedian lobule (Carpenter)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2270","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure of the cerebellum. It includes the gracile lobule and the biventer lobule ( Carpenter-1991 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"paramedian lobule (Carpenter)","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1991","synonymSourceTitle":"Core Text of Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"lobulillo paramediano (Carpenter)","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2271","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-132401652","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"absteigendes Retikularissystem","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2271","cDefinition":"refers to a neuronal network defined on the basis of connectivity and functional criteria. Conducting impulses primarily to the spinal cord, it like the ascending reticular activating system has connections with a broad range of brain areas. It largely overlaps the reticular formation of the brainstem ( Schiebler-1999 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"absteigendes Retikularissystem","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2272","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-2128873639","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ansoparamedian fissure","standardAcronym":"apmf","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2272","cDefinition":"refers to the fissure between the gracile lobule and inferior semilunar lobule of the cerebellum ( Brodal-1981 )","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"ansoparamedian fissure","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"Fissura inferior posterior","synonymSource":"Brodal-1981","synonymSourceTitle":"Neurological Anatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"Fissura ansoparamediana","synonymSource":"Brodal-1981","synonymSourceTitle":"Neurological Anatomy","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"hemisphere of the posterior lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"664","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=664","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2273","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"792","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"large island of Calleja","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2273","cDefinition":"refers to the most prominent of the islands of Calleja located medially in the nucleus accumbens ( Alheid-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"major island of Calleja (olfactory tubercle)","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"large island of Calleja","synonymSource":"Alheid-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Basal Ganglia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"islands of Calleja, major island","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Mixed","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"island of Calleja Magna","synonymSource":"Alheid-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Basal Ganglia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Mixed","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"insula of Calleja, major","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"573"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2274","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"436","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"olfactory entorhinal cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2274","cDefinition":"refers to the part of the entorhinal area defined on the basis of connectivity. It is the rostral portion, which receives a projection from the olfactory bulb. The projection is most evident in the rat and mouse. Much less so in the macaque, and even less in the human ( Price-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"olfactory entorhinal cortex","synonymSource":"Price-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Olfactory system","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"rostral entorhinal cortex","synonymSource":"Price-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Olfactory system","pubMedHits":"10"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2275","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"435","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"olfactory cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2275","cDefinition":"refers to a group of structures defined by connectivity, namely, structures that receive axons from the olfactory bulb. They include the anterior olfactory nucleus, the olfactory tubercle, the rostral part of the medial amygdalar nucleus (anterior cortical nucleus of the amygdala), and structures in the anterior part of the parahippocampal gyrus, namely, the piriform area, most of the periamygdalar area, and the rostral part of the entorhinal area ( Price-1990 ). Note that some authors have regarded the olfactory bulb itself as the primary olfactory area and the areas to which it projects as secondary ( Anthoney-1994 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"korteks penghidu primer","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"primary olfactory areas","synonymSource":"Price-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Olfactory system","pubMedHits":"9"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"primary olfactory cortex","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"119"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"olfactory area","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"57"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"olfactory cortex","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"588"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral olfactory area","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"rhinencephalon","synonymSource":"Palfi-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Fetal striatal allografts reverse cognitive deficits in a primate model of Huntington disease.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Regio olfactoria","synonymSource":"Schultze-1993","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomisches Wörterbuch","pubMedHits":"5"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Riechfeld","synonymSource":"Schultze-1993","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomisches Wörterbuch","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"primären Riechrindenregionen","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"area olfattiva","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"corteccia olfattiva primaria","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"corteza olfatoria primaria","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2276","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"437","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"endopiriform claustrum - obsolete","standardAcronym":"En","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2276","cDefinition":"","parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2277","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"708","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"accessory olfactory cortical areas","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2277","cDefinition":"refers to portions of the human amygdala that are homologous to those areas in other species that receive afferents from the accessory olfactory bulb. They include the caudal part of the medial amygdalar nucleus, and the cortical amygdalar nucleus ( Price-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"accessory olfactory cortical areas","synonymSource":"Price-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Olfactory system","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2278","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"250","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial olfactory tract","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2278","cDefinition":"refers to nerve fibers long thought to project from the olfactory bulb to midline structures of the endbrain in the human and other primates. It does not appear in brain atlases of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) or mouse ( Hof-2000 ). It is now regarded as a misnomer, since the structure it represents has been shown not to contain neuronal axons, even in the human ( Price-1990 ). See also: olfactory trigone.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"stria olfaktori medial","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial olfactory stria","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial olfactory tract","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"42"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"medial olfactory tract","synonymSource":"Price-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Olfactory system","pubMedHits":"42"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Stria olfactoria medialis","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus olfactorius medialis","synonymSource":"Stephan-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Allocortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"strie olfactive médiale","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"stria olfattiva mediale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"медиальная обонятельная полоска","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"estrïa olfatoria medial","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2279","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1409606189","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Cisterna pontocerebellaris","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2279","cDefinition":"refers to the cranial space occupied by the flocculus that is continuous with the lateral recess of the fourth ventricle ( Zilles-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Cisterna pontocerebellaris","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2280","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"782","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"subthalamic fasciculus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2280","cDefinition":"refers to the portion of fibers in ansa lenticularis that contribute to the capsule of the subthalamic nucleus. It includes fibers that pass from the subthalamic nucleus through the internal capsule to the globus pallidus ( Carpenter-1983, Riley-1943 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fasikel subtalamik","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fasikulus subtalamik","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"subthalamic fasciculus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"subthalamic fascicle","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"subthalamic fascicle","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculus subthalamicus","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"systeme en peigne","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fascicolo subtalamico","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"субталамический пучок","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"fascículo subtalámico","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"cerebral nuclei related","parentNeuroNamesId":"3016","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3016","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2281","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"889","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Fasciculus subthalamicus (Riley)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2281","cDefinition":"refers to fibers once thought to diverge from the ansa lenticularis and pass through field H2 to enter the subthalamic nucleus ( Riley-1943 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculus subthalamicus (Riley)","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2282","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"352","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"comb system","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2282","cDefinition":"refers to a set of fascicles of nerve fibers that penetrate the posterior limb of the internal capsule and crus cerebri approximately at the junction of those structures. They course horizontally to connect the globus pallidus with the substantia nigra and other mesencephalic and diencephalic structures ( Riley-1943; Mai-1997 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"comb system","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"primate","synonymName":"Edinger's comb system","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fibrae perforantes pedunculi","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fibrae perforantes pedunculi","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2283","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"341","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Pes hippocampi major","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2283","cDefinition":"refers to a surface feature of the hippocampal formation at its boundary with the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle ( Riley-1943 ). It appears as \"two or three rounded elevations or digitations which give it a paw-like appearance\" ( Wikipedia ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"pes hippokampus`","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Pes hippocampi","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"16"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"digitationes cornu Ammonis","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"digitationes hippocampi","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Pes hippocampi major","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"ножка гиппокампа","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"пальцевые возвышения гиппокампа","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"пальцевидные образования гиппокампа","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Mozga Cheloveka (Atlas of the Human Brain)","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2284","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"338","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"entopeduncular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2284","cDefinition":"in human neuroanatomy refers to a portion of the nucleus of the ansa lenticularis described variously as located medial to the posterior limb of the internal capsule ( Riley-1943 ), along the course of the ansa lenticularis and the inferior thalamic peduncle ( Crosby-1962 ), or as a separate nucleus within the internal capsule adjacent to the medial segment of the globus pallidus ( Nomina-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"entopeduncular nucleus","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"478"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"entopeduncular nucleus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"478"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus entopeduncularis","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"41"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus entopeduncularis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"41"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Nucleus entopeduncularis","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"41"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus endopeduncularis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1989","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"внутриножковое ядро","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Mozga Cheloveka (Atlas of the Human Brain)","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2285","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"779","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"septal region (Riley)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2285","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure of the endbrain that consists of the septal nuclei and the nucleus accumbens ( Riley-1943 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"septal region (Riley)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"stylus of septum pellucidum","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Regio septalis","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area septalis","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Stylus septi","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Stylus septi pellucidi","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2286","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"54","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"triangular area of Wernicke","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2286","cDefinition":"refers to an internal structure of the brain that appears triangular in coronal sections. Located lateral to the pulvinar and dorsolateral to the lateral geniculate body in the internal capsule ( Carpenter-1991 ), it is composed of fibers that contribute to the geniculocalcarine radiation ( Riley-1943 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"triangular area (Wernicke)","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"field of Wernicke","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"zone of Wernicke","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Wernicke's zone","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"triangular area of Wernicke","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area triangularis (Wernicke)","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Zona lateralis","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"zona di Wernicke","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"zona de Wernicke","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2287","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-892929184","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 1-2 of Roberts","standardAcronym":"1-2","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2287","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cerebral cortex of the monkey (Macaca mulatta] based on cytoarchitecture. It consists of those parts of area 1 of Brodmann (guenon) and area 2 of Brodmann (guenon) located in the precentral gyrus ventral to the termination of the central sulcus. The cortex there is difficult to identify with either area 1 or area 2 exclusively, but \"it is easy to recognize its similarity to both\" ( Roberts-1963 ). The external granular layer 2 and internal granular layer 4 contain a rich population of granular cells; the external pyramidal layer 3 and internal pyramidal layer 5 are narrow and lack large pyramidal cells; the cells in layer 3 show a size gradient from small to medium as one proceeds from more superficial to deeper levels. The boundary of the multiform layer 6 with the subcortical white is distinct ( Roberts-1963 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"area 1-2 of Roberts","synonymSource":"Roberts-1963","synonymSourceTitle":"Insular and opercular cortex and its thalamic projection in Macaca mulatta","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2288","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"926436668","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"opercular region","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2288","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure of the cerebral cortex in the macaque. It includes three principal subdivisions defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture: area OFO of Roberts, area PrCO of Roberts and the postcentral opercular areas ( Roberts-1963 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"opercular region","synonymSource":"Roberts-1963","synonymSourceTitle":"Insular and opercular cortex and its thalamic projection in Macaca mulatta","pubMedHits":"47"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2289","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1051871313","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area SSII of Roberts","standardAcronym":"SS II","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2289","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cerebral cortex of the monkey (Macaca) based on cytoarchitecture. Located in the ventral portion of the supramarginal gyrus and postcentral gyrus, particularly in the dorsal bank of the lateral fissure, it was regarded by Roberts and Akert as corresponding to the area defined electrophysiologically by Woolsey and Fairman in 1946 as the area SII of Woolsey. The cortex is relatively thick; the external granular layer (II) and internal pyramidal layer (V) form dark bands due high cell density; the external pyramidal layer (III) is more differentiated than in rostral parts of the postcentral gyrus and shows a gradient of cell sizes from smaller to larger going from superficial to deeper levels; the internal granular layer (IV) is visible but not well developed; the internal pyramidal layer (V) contains small and medium sized cells and no giant pyramidal cells; the multiform layer (VI) has two distinct sublayers but a less distinct boundary with the subcortical white matter ( Roberts-1963 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"area SSII of Roberts","synonymSource":"Roberts-1963","synonymSourceTitle":"Insular and opercular cortex and its thalamic projection in Macaca mulatta","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2290","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"316","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral zone of the hypothalamus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2290","cDefinition":"refers to one of three zones of the hypothalamus when it is subdivided by planes parallel to the midline. The others are the periventricular zone of the hypothalamus and the medial zone of the hypothalamus. The lateral zone includes the lateral preoptic area and the lateral hypothalamic area ( Saper-1990 ). See also lateral motor zone of the hypothalamus.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"zona lateral","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral zone of hypothalamus","synonymSource":"Saper-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Hypothalamus","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"lateral zone of the hypothalamus","synonymSource":"Swanson-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure Of The Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"hypothalamic lateral zone","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2291","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"318","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial zone of the hypothalamus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2291","cDefinition":"refers to one of three zones of the hypothalamus when it is subdivided by planes parallel to the midline. The others are the periventricular zone of the hypothalamus and the lateral zone of the hypothalamus. The medial zone lies between the other two. It includes the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, the supraoptic nucleus, the medial preoptic nucleus, the anterior nucleus of the hypothalamus, the retrochiasmatic area, the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, the supramammillary nucleus, the medial part of the medial mammillary nucleus, the lateral part of the medial mammillary nucleus and the lateral mammillary nucleus ( Saper-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"zone medial","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial zone of the hypothalamus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"intermediate zone of hypothalamus","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2292","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"315","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"periventricular zone of the hypothalamus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2292","cDefinition":"refers to one of three zones of the hypothalamus when it is subdivided by planes parallel to the midline. The others are the medial zone of the hypothalamus and the lateral zone of the hypothalamus. The periventricular zone is the closest to the midline and includes the median preoptic nucleus, the preoptic periventricular nucleus, the anteroventral periventricular nucleus, the organum vasculosum, the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the intermediate periventricular nucleus, the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, the neurohypophysis, the posterior periventricular nucleus and the posterior hypothalamic area. Some authors include the subfornical organ in this zone ( Crosby-1962, Saper-1990 ). See also the functionally defined hypothalamic periventricular region.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"zona periventrikel","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"periventricular zone of the hypothalamus","synonymSource":"Saper-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Hypothalamus","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"periventricular hypothalamic zone","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"periventricular gray","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"143"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"periventricular gray of the hypothalamus","synonymSource":"Carrive-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Periaqueductal Gray","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Griseum periventriculare hypothalami","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"1"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2293","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"795","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"intermediate nucleus - obsolete","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2293","cDefinition":"","parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2294","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"799","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"accessory neurosecretory nuclei","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2294","cDefinition":"refers to collections of cells located between the supraoptic nucleus and the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in the anterior hypothalamic region. Some authors include the intermediate nucleus of the preoptic area in this category ( Saper-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"accessory neurosecretory nuclei","synonymSource":"Saper-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Hypothalamus","pubMedHits":"14"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2295","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-262518499","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"transverse parietal sulcus (human)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2295","cDefinition":"refers to a sulcus in the human parietal lobe that branches dorsally from the intraparietal sulcus ( Savel'ev-1996 )","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"transverse parietal sulcus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-2000","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"sulcus parietalis transversus","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon pariétal transverse","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"поперечная теменная бороздка","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2296","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2057547199","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"fissura transversa cerebelli","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2296","cDefinition":"refers to the anterior portion of the horizontal fissure of the cerebellum that extends laterally from the middle cerebellar peduncle ( Savel'ev-1996 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"fissura transversa cerebelli","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"поперечная щель мозжечка","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2297","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"5","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Cortex piriformis (Shantha)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2297","cDefinition":"refers to a cortical area on the medial aspect of the temporal lobe. It occupies the piriform area and most of the entorhinal area furthest from the hippocampal formation ( Shantha-1968 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Cortex piriformis (Shantha)","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2298","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"2089848597","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Pes anserinus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2298","cDefinition":"is Latin for \"goose's foot\", the shape of which simulates that of the fornix and the hippocampal formation. For an imaginative photographic illustration, see ( Shaw-1997 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"goose's foot","synonymSource":"Shaw-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuropathology of the limbic system","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Pes anserinus","synonymSource":"Shaw-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuropathology of the limbic system","pubMedHits":"100"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gänsefuß","synonymSource":"Schultze-1993","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomisches Wörterbuch","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2299","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1471285997","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Cornu Ammonis (Shaw)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2299","cDefinition":"is Latin for 'horn of ammon', which \"refers to the Egyptian mythology in which Ammon (Amen or Amun) was the sun god, the father of gods, the god of reproductive forces. He was depicted as having a ram's head with spirally curved horns.\" Anatomically the horn of Ammon consists of the fornix and the hippocampal formation. For more historic detail and an imaginative photographic illustration, see ( Shaw-1997 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Ammon's horn (Shaw)","synonymSource":"Shaw-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuropathology of the limbic system","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Cornu Ammonis (Shaw)","synonymSource":"Shaw-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuropathology of the limbic system","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2300","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"323","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"frenulum","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2300","cDefinition":"represents a subdivision of the superior medullary velum ( Crosby-1962 ), a narrow strip of white matter running along the upper surface to the quadrigeminal plate ( Stedman-1982 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"frenulum","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"210"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cerebellar frenulum","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"frenulum of superior medullary vellum","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"frenulum veli medullare anterioris","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Frenulum veli medullaris superius","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Frenulum veli medullaris rostralis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Frenulum veli medullaris superioris","synonymSource":"Nomina-1989","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Frenulum cerebelli","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"уздечка переднего мозгового паруса","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"уздечка верхнего мозгового паруса","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2301","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"761","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Allocortex primitivus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2301","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of the allocortex; it consists of the paleocortex and the archicortex ( Stephan-1975 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Allocortex primitivus","synonymSource":"Stephan-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Allocortex","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2302","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"768","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"periarchicortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2302","cDefinition":"refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined transition zone between archicortex and neocortex. It is one of two components of periallocortex; the other is peripaleocortex. Periarchicortex includes the presubiculum, the parasubiculum, the entorhinal area, the perirhinal area, the retrosplenial area, the periarchicortical cingulate areas and the posterior part of the subcallosal gyrus ( Stephan-1970, Stephan-1975 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"periarchicortex","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Periarchicortex","synonymSource":"Stephan-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Allocortex","pubMedHits":"1"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2303","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"767","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Schizocortex (Rose)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2303","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of Periarchicortex that includes the entorhinal area, the perirhinal area 35, the presubiculum and the parasubicular area ( Stephan-1975 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Schizocortex (Rose)","synonymSource":"Stephan-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Allocortex","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2304","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"589","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"parasubiculum","standardAcronym":"PaS","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2304","cDefinition":"refers to a transitional zone between the presubiculum and the entorhinal area located rostrally in the parahippocampal gyrus of the human ( Zilles-1990 ) and the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ). In the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) it is located between the same two areas but on the ventromedial aspect of the cerebral cortex. Defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture, it is more similar to the presubiculum than to the entorhinal area ( Zilles-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"parasubicular area","synonymSource":"Zilles-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"parasubiculum","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"159"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area 49 Brodmann","synonymSource":"Stephan-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Allocortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 49","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area parasubicularis","synonymSource":"Stephan-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Allocortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"marmoset","synonymName":"Regio parasubicularis","synonymSource":"Stephan-1980","synonymSourceTitle":"The Brain Of The Common Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus): A Stereotaxic Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Parasubiculum","synonymSource":"Stephan-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Allocortex","pubMedHits":"159"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"parahippocampal gyrus","parentNeuroNamesId":"164","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=164","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"periallocortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"2315","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2315","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"retrohippocampal region","parentNeuroNamesId":"2729","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2729","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2305","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"755","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"semicortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2305","cDefinition":"refers to all components of paleocortex except the piriform area, which is different in origin phylogenetically and ontogenetically ( Stephan-1975 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"semicortex","synonymSource":"Stephan-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Allocortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Palaeocortex I","synonymSource":"Stephan-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Allocortex","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2306","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"762","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Allocortex bulbi olfactorii","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2306","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of allocortex that consists of the olfactory bulb and the accessory olfactory bulb ( Stephan-1975 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Allocortex bulbi olfactorii","synonymSource":"Stephan-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Allocortex","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2307","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"775","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"retrocommissural hippocampus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2307","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of archicortex consisting of the subiculum, the CA fields and the dentate gyrus ( Stephan-1975 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"retrocommissural hippocampus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Hippocampus retrocommissuralis","synonymSource":"Stephan-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Allocortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"marmoset","synonymName":"Hippocampus retrocommissuralis","synonymSource":"Stephan-1980","synonymSourceTitle":"The Brain Of The Common Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus): A Stereotaxic Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Hippocampus im engeren Sinn","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"45933"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Ammonshorn","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2308","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"763","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"paleocortex - obsolete","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2308","cDefinition":"represents a type of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. The now obsolete definition differed from the definition that has become accepted since Stephan proposed it in the 1970s ( Stephan-1975: Zilles-1990; Paxinos-2004 ). Unlike the new definition, the old definition did not include the olfactory bulb and the accessory olfactory bulb as paleocortical structures. For the current definition see paleocortex.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"paleopallium","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"paleocortex","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"paleokorteks","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"paleocortex (obsolete)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Paleocortex","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"67"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Palaeocortex","synonymSource":"Stephan-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Allocortex","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Cercocebus torquatus","synonymName":"Palaeocortex","synonymSource":"Stephan-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"The allocortex in primates","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"galago","synonymName":"Palaeocortex","synonymSource":"Stephan-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"The allocortex in primates","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"palaeocorticale Hirnrinde","synonymSource":"Mai-2002","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Palaeokortex","synonymSource":"Mai-2002","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"paleocorticaler Hirnrinde","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Paläokortex","synonymSource":"Schultze-1993","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomisches Wörterbuch","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"палеокортекс","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"древняя кора","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2309","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"609","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Regio periseptalis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2309","cDefinition":"refers to the cortical surface that overlies a portion of the medial septal nucleus ( Stephan-1975 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Regio periseptalis","synonymSource":"Stephan-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Allocortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Cercocebus torquatus","synonymName":"Regio periseptalis","synonymSource":"Stephan-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Allocortex","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2310","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"610","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Regio diagonalis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2310","cDefinition":"refers to the cortical surface that overlies the nucleus of the diagonal band ( Stephan-1975 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Regio diagonalis","synonymSource":"Stephan-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Allocortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Cercocebus torquatus","synonymName":"Regio diagonalis","synonymSource":"Stephan-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Allocortex","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2311","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"757","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"proisocortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2311","cDefinition":"refers to one of two types of neocortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. The other is true isocortex. Proisocortex is transitional between true isocortex and periallocortex. It is found in portions of the cingulate gyrus, the insula, the parahippocampal gyrus, and the subcallosal gyrus ( Stephan-1975; Zilles-1990 ). See dysgranular insular cortex (Roberts) and retrosplenial dysgranular area ( Mesulam-1984 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"proisocortex","synonymSource":"Zilles-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Cortex","pubMedHits":"15"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"juxtallocortex","synonymSource":"Stephan-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"The allocortex in primates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"periisocortical belt","synonymSource":"Mesulam-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"The insula of Reil in man and monkey: Architectonics, connectivity, and function","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"proisocortical belt","synonymSource":"Mesulam-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"The insula of Reil in man and monkey: Architectonics, connectivity, and function","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"intermediate belt","synonymSource":"Mesulam-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"The insula of Reil in man and monkey: Architectonics, connectivity, and function","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Proisocortex","synonymSource":"Stephan-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Allocortex","pubMedHits":"15"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"iuxtallocorteccia","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"neocortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"2314","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2314","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2312","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"770","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"periarchicortical cingulate areas","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2312","cDefinition":"refers to a group of structures defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture as parts of periarchicortex. It is a transition zone between archicortex and neocortex that is composed of area 33 of Brodmann and area 25 of Brodmann (human) ( Stephan-1975 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"periarchicortical cingulate areas","synonymSource":"Zilles-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Regio cingularis periarchicorticalis","synonymSource":"Stephan-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Allocortex","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"periallocortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"2315","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2315","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2313","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"771","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area infraradiata ventralis","standardAcronym":"","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2313","cDefinition":"refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined portion of the anterior cingulate gyrus that borders the supracallosal gyrus ( Stephan-1975 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"area infraradiata ventralis","synonymSource":"Stephan-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Allocortex","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2314","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"754","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"neocortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2314","cDefinition":"refers to one of two types of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and fetal development. The other is allocortex. Neocortical areas pass through a six-layered stage in the third semester of gestation. Most retain six layers into adulthood and are called homotypic cortex. A few undergo modification to more or less than six layers and are called heterotypic cortex. Starting from the cortical surface the basic layers are: molecular layer of the cerebral cortex (I), external granular layer (II), external pyramidal layer (III), internal granular layer (IV), internal pyramidal layer (V), and multiform layer (VI). Neocortex is most prominent in the frontal lobe, the parietal lobe, the temporal lobe and the occipital lobe, less so in the cingulate gyrus, the parahippocampal gyrus and the insula. Also known as 'isocortex', the neocortex is composed of two subdivisions: true isocortex and proisocortex ( Carpenter-1983 ). In the human it constitutes 96% of the surface area of the cerebral cortex ( Zilles-1990 ), ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"neokorteks","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"neopallium","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"korteks homogenetik","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"isokorteks","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"neocortex","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"9913"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"neopallium","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"57"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"homogenetic cortex","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"isocortex","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"231"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cerebral neocortex","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"252"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"neopallial cortex","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"5"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"substantia corticalis","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"5"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Neocortex","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"9913"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Isocortex (sensu lato)","synonymSource":"Stephan-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Allocortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Cortex completus","synonymSource":"Filimonoff-1947","synonymSourceTitle":"A rational subdivision of the cerebral cortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"isocorteccia","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"neocorteccia","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"corteccia omogenetica","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"neopallio","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"новая кора (серое вещество)","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"корковое вещество","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Mozga Cheloveka (Atlas of the Human Brain)","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"neocorteza","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"corteza homogenética","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2315","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"769","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"periallocortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2315","cDefinition":"refers to one of three types of allocortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. The others are paleocortex and archicortex. Periallocortex is a transition zone between the proisocortex of neocortex and allocortex. It has two components: peripaleocortex and periarchicortex, which represent the transition zones of paleocortex and archicortex respectively ( Stephan-1976 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"periallocortex","synonymSource":"Zilles-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Cortex","pubMedHits":"12"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Periallocortex","synonymSource":"Stephan-1976","synonymSourceTitle":"Vergleichende Anatomie des Allocortex","pubMedHits":"12"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"allocortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"1598","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1598","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2316","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"141","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Regio entorhinalis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2316","cDefinition":"is a subdivision of the cerebral cortex based on cytoarchitecture that includes the entorhinal area and the perirhinal area 35 ( Stephan-1976 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Regio entorhinalis","synonymSource":"Stephan-1976","synonymSourceTitle":"Vergleichende Anatomie des Allocortex","pubMedHits":"4"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2317","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"142","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Regio praesubicularis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2317","cDefinition":"is a subdivision of the cerebral cortex based on cytoarchitecture that includes the presubiculum and the parasubiculum ( Stephan-1976 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Regio praesubicularis","synonymSource":"Stephan-1976","synonymSourceTitle":"Vergleichende Anatomie des Allocortex","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2318","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1008354279","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"fasciculus retroflexus","standardAcronym":"fr","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2318","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure that includes the fasciculus retroflexus of the interbrain and the fasciculus retroflexus of the midbrain ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fasciculus retroflexus","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"fasciculus retroflexus (Meynert)","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"habenulopeduncular tract","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"habenulointerpeduncular fasciculus","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"habenulointerpeduncular tract","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"6"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"habenulo-interpeduncular tract","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"10"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"habenulo-interpeduncular tract","synonymSource":"Szabo-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"A stereotaxic atlas of the brain of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)","pubMedHits":"10"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"fasciculus retroflexus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"133"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculus retroflexus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"133"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus habenulo-intercruralis","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Tractus retroflexus (Meynert)","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Fasciculus retroflexus","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"133"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Tractus habenulointercruralis","synonymSource":"Oertel-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"Zur zyto- und myeloarchitektonik des Rhombencephalon des Rhesusaffen (Macaca mulatta Zimmerman)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculus retroflexus (of Meynert)","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculus habenulo-interpeduncularis","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus habenulo-interpeduncularis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"tractus habenulointerpeduncularis","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Mozga Cheloveka (Atlas of the Human Brain)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fascicolo retroflesso","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"поводково-межножковый путь","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"fascículo retrorreflejo","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"epithalamus related medial forebrain bundle system","parentNeuroNamesId":"3031","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3031","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2319","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"616","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"retroambiguus nucleus","standardAcronym":"RAmb","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2319","cDefinition":"refers to a group of neurons in the medulla at the caudal end of the nucleus ambiguus, from which the cranial part of the accessory nerve originates ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleus retroambigualis","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"46"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"retroambiguus nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus retroambigualis","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"46"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2321","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"892","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterior limiting sulcus","standardAcronym":"alms","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2321","cDefinition":"refers to one of three components of the limiting sulcus identified by dissection in the human; it partially separates the insula from the orbital gyri of the frontal lobe. The two other parts are the superior limiting sulcus and the inferior limiting sulcus ( Ture-1999 ). It is not found in the macaque where the anterior insula is continuous with the orbital gyri ( Mesulam-1984 ). The limiting sulcus is not present in rodents.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior marginal sulcus of the insula","synonymSource":"Szikla-1977","synonymSourceTitle":"Angiography Of The Human Brain Cortex: Atlas of Vascular Patterns and Stereotactic Cortical Localization","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior limiting sulcus","synonymSource":"Tanriover-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Microsurgical anatomy of the insula and the sylvian fissure","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior periinsular sulcus","synonymSource":"Ture-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Topographic anatomy of the insular region","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"sulcus anterior insulae (Reili)","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"передняя бороздка островка (Рейля)","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2322","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"713","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"bundle of Probst","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2322","cDefinition":"refers, in the human, to a fiber bundle that is variably present along the medial wall of the cerebral hemisphere in instances where the corpus callosum is absent ( Crosby-1962 ). In the mouse it refers to a fiber bundle found in the reticular formation of the brainstem near the boundary between the medulla and the pons ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"bundle of Probst","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Probst bundle","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"7"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"Probst's bundle","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"6"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"longitudinal callosal fascicle","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2323","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1037","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 25 of Walker","standardAcronym":"25","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2323","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the frontal lobe of the macaque defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. A narrow transition zone between area 24 of Brodmann-1905 (guenon) and area 10 of Walker, it has a \"narrow but definite\" internal granular layer (IV); the internal pyramidal layer (V) and multiform layer (VI) are narrow and undifferentiated as in area 24 of Brodmann. The molecular layer of the cerebral cortex (I), external granular layer (II) and external pyramidal layer (III) are similar to area 46 of Walker, but layer IV is thinner. Walker did not comment on the cytoarchitectonic homologue of this area in the human. It is topologically similar to area 32 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Walker-1940 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 25 of Walker","synonymSource":"Walker-1940","synonymSourceTitle":"A cytoarchitectural study of the prefrontal area of the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2324","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1035","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 14 of Walker","standardAcronym":"14","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2324","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the frontal lobe of the macaque (Macaca) defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. The cortex is relatively thin with a very thick first, molecular layer, i.e., \"at least a third of the thickness of the entire cortex.\" The thickness of the second layer is normal; that of the third layer is reduced by about half relative to that of area 10 of Walker; the fourth is faintly visible; and the fifth and sixth layers are \"extremely narrow.\" Walker regarded this area as cytoarchitecturally homologous to a portion of prefrontal area 11 of Brodmann-1909 ( Walker-1940 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 14 of Walker","synonymSource":"Walker-1940","synonymSourceTitle":"A cytoarchitectural study of the prefrontal area of the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2325","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1026","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 8A of Walker","standardAcronym":"8A","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2325","cDefinition":"refers to one of two components of area 8 of Walker, a portion of the frontal lobe of the macaque defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and function. Area 8A differs from area 8B of Walker in that 8A has \"fairly large pyramidal cells in the fifth layer.\" Both components have a \"faint but definite granular layer.\" Electrical stimulation of either area elicits eye movements ( Walker-1940 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 8A of Walker","synonymSource":"Walker-1940","synonymSourceTitle":"A cytoarchitectural study of the prefrontal area of the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2326","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1028","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 45 of Walker","standardAcronym":"45","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2326","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the frontal lobe of the macaque (Macaca) defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It is distinguished from area 8 of Walker by large pyramidal cells in layers 3 and 5, the \"absence of marked striations and its narrowness. In places the cortex… is quite thin, and the large cells of the third layer are at times arranged in clumps.\" Walker regarded the most likely cytoarchitectural homologue in the human to be area 45 of Brodmann (human) ( Walker-1940 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 45 of Walker","synonymSource":"Walker-1940","synonymSourceTitle":"A cytoarchitectural study of the prefrontal area of the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2327","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1027","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 8B of Walker","standardAcronym":"8B","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2327","cDefinition":"refers to one of two components of area 8 of Walker, a portion of the frontal lobe of the macaque defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and function. Area 8B differs from area 8A of Walker in that 8A has \"fairly large pyramidal cells in the fifth layer.\" Both components have a \"faint but definite granular layer.\" Electrical stimulation of either area elicits eye movements ( Walker-1940 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 8B of Walker","synonymSource":"Walker-1940","synonymSourceTitle":"A cytoarchitectural study of the prefrontal area of the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2328","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"683093643","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 24 of Walker","standardAcronym":"24","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2328","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cingulate gyrus in the macaque (Macaca) defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. The first layer is of moderate width, the third layer is wide and the fifth and sixth layers are narrow and blended. The cells are irregularly arranged and of medium size, somewhat larger in the inner part of the third layer and outer part of the fifth layer than in other layers. Walker regarded the most likely cytoarchitectural homologue in the human to be the area 24 of Brodmann (human) ( Walker-1940 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 24 of Walker","synonymSource":"Walker-1940","synonymSourceTitle":"A cytoarchitectural study of the prefrontal area of the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2329","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1163298324","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"tail of the dentate gyrus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2329","cDefinition":"refers to a part of the dentate gyrus as revealed by dissection. It is the most anterior part of the gyrus where it extends medially and back upon itself ( Williams-1997 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"tail of the dentate gyrus","synonymSource":"Williams-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"The Human Brain: Dissections of the Real Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"band of Giacomini","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"band of Giacomini","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"uncus band of Giacomini","synonymSource":"Stedman's-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Stedman's Medical Dictionary","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Bandeletta Giacomini","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"bandelette de Giacomini","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2330","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"808","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Gyrus temporalis occipitalis lateralis (macaque)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2330","cDefinition":"refers to a combination of the fusiform gyrus and the lingual gyrus in Macaca nemestrina ( Winters-1969 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca nemestrina","synonymName":"Gyrus temporalis occipitalis lateralis","synonymSource":"Winters-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Brain Atlas For Macaca nemestrina","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2331","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"44","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"secondary motor cortex","standardAcronym":"SMC","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2331","cDefinition":"refers to anterodorsal areas of the cerebral cortex that are defined on the basis of internal structure, connectivity and function. It is one of two parts of the motor cortex; the other is the primary motor cortex ( Matelli-2004 ). In the human it is located in caudal parts of the superior frontal gyrus and middle frontal gyrus and in the rostral part of the precentral gyrus not occupied by the primary motor cortex; it is identified with area 6 of Brodmann (human). In the macaque it is located entirely in the precentral gyrus and, dorsally, in the caudal part of the superior frontal gyrus; it is also identified with area 6 of Brodmann (guenon). In both it is subdivided into three parts: the mesial secondary motor cortex, dorsal secondary motor cortex, and ventral secondary motor cortex. In the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ) the secondary motor cortex, defined by absence of granular layers, is not subdivided. It is the more medial of the two parts of the motor cortex located dorsolaterally in the anterior half of the cerebral cortex; at the frontal pole it occupies the entire dorsal aspect of the cortex; from there it gradually narrows to its caudal extreme, where it occupies a narrow band on the dorsal surface along the midline. ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"korteks pramotor","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"premotor area","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1991","synonymSourceTitle":"Core Text of Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"328"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"primate","synonymName":"promotor cortex","synonymSource":"Wise-1985a","synonymSourceTitle":"The primate premotor cortex: past, present, and preparatory","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"premotor cortex","synonymSource":"Zilles-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Cortex","pubMedHits":"1526"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"premotor cortex","synonymSource":"Wise-1985a","synonymSourceTitle":"The primate premotor cortex: past, present, and preparatory","pubMedHits":"1526"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"intermediate precentral cortex","synonymSource":"Wise-1985a","synonymSourceTitle":"The primate premotor cortex: past, present, and preparatory","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"secondary somatomotor areas","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"secondary motor cortex","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"32"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"nonprimary motor cortex","synonymSource":"Wise-1985a","synonymSourceTitle":"The primate premotor cortex: past, present, and preparatory","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"secondary motor areas","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"44"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"prämotorischer Kortex","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"praemotorischer Kortex","synonymSource":"Mai-2002","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"area premotoria","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"área premotora","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"motor cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"2332","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2332","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"motor cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"2332","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2332","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Primate Motor Cortex","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"motor cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"2332","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2332","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2332","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"42","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"motor cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2332","cDefinition":"refers to anterodorsal areas of the cerebral cortex that are defined on the basis of internal structure, connectivity and function. The defining structural feature in all species is the absence of granular cell layers; thus, it is also known as agranular cortex ( Wise-1985a, Matelli-2004 ). In the human and the macaque the motor cortex is located in the frontal lobe, primarily in the precentral gyrus and in caudal portions of the superior frontal gyrus and middle frontal gyrus. \r\nIn The rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ) it is located dorsolaterally in the anterior half of the cerebral cortex; at the frontal pole it occupies the entire dorsal and lateral aspects of the cortex; from there it gradually narrows to the caudal extreme, where it occupies a narrow band on the dorsal surface along the midline. The motor cortex is composed of two parts: primary motor cortex and secondary motor cortex. For subcortical structures involved in the control of behavior see subcortical motor system. ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"korteks motorik","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"motor cortex","synonymSource":"Zilles-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Cortex","pubMedHits":"13288"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"motor area","synonymSource":"Wise-1985a","synonymSourceTitle":"The primate premotor cortex: past, present, and preparatory","pubMedHits":"2455"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"motor area","synonymSource":"Zilles-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Cortex","pubMedHits":"2455"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"somatomotor areas","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"13"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"somatic motor areas","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"motorischer Kortex","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"corteccia motoria","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"corteza motora","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"sensorimotor cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"2866","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2866","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"Primate Motor Cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3181","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3181","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Primate Motor Cortex","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"frontal cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3601","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3601","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2333","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"432","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"planum temporale","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2333","cDefinition":"refers to a portion of the superior temporal gyrus of the human. It is located in the temporal bank of the lateral fissure posterior to the transverse temporal gyrus, from which it is separated by a transverse temporal sulcus ( Duvernoy-1992 ). The fact that it is larger in the left temporal lobe than the right is thought to relate to the lateralization of speech ( Zilles-1990 ). Constituting a portion of Wernicke's area , it is found in great apes but not in the macaque ( Hopkins-1998b ). And it is not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"planum temporale","synonymSource":"Zilles-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Cortex","pubMedHits":"370"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"temporal plane","synonymSource":"Amunts-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Auditory System","pubMedHits":"95"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Planum temporale","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"370"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"planum temporale","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2334","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"426","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"secondary motor cortex - obsolete","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2334","cDefinition":"","parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2335","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"756","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"mesocortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2335","cDefinition":"is a cytoarchitecturally defined subdivision of the cerebral cortex that is transitional between neocortex and allocortex ( Mesulam-1984 ). In the terminology of ( Stephan-1975 ) it is a composite of proisocortex, which is a subdivision of neocortex, and periallocortex. See also: paralimbic regions.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"jukstallokorteks","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"mesallokorteks","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"mesokorteks","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"mesocortex","synonymSource":"Zilles-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Cortex","pubMedHits":"35"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"paralimbic cortex","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"23"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"mesocortical domain","synonymSource":"Gallay-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"The Insula of Reil Revisited: Multiarchitectonic Organization in Macaque Monkeys","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"paralimbic domain","synonymSource":"Gallay-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"The Insula of Reil Revisited: Multiarchitectonic Organization in Macaque Monkeys","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Mesocortex","synonymSource":"Stephan-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Allocortex","pubMedHits":"35"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Cortex intermedius","synonymSource":"Stephan-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Allocortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"mesocorteccia","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2336","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"766","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"paleocortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2336","cDefinition":"refers to one of three types of allocortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. The other two are archicortex and periallocortex. It consists of very thin, primitive cortex with few clearly defined layers. It is distinguished developmentally by the fact that it does not develop through the cortical plate. It includes the olfactory bulb, accessory olfactory bulb, olfactory tubercle, septum, piriform area and periamygdalar area ( Stephan-1975 ). It differs from earlier definitions in that it includes the olfactory bulb and accessory olfactory bulb, which were once not recognized to be cortical structures. It constitutes less than 1% of the surface area of the cerebral cortex ( Stephan-1975, Zilles-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"paleocortex","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"The Human Nervous System","pubMedHits":"50000"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"paleocortex","synonymSource":"Zilles-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"palaeokortikale Regionen","synonymSource":"Mai-2002","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"paleokortikale Regionen","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"allocortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"1598","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1598","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2337","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"764","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"peripaleocortex","standardAcronym":"16","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2337","cDefinition":"refers to one of two components of periallocortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture; the other is periarchicortex. Peripaleocortex is found at the rostral extreme of the insula where it approaches the claustrum and the piriform area. It is regarded as being the same as area 16 of Brodmann (guenon) in monkeys ( Stephan-1976; Zilles-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"peripaleocortical claustral region","synonymSource":"Zilles-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Cercocebus torquatus","synonymName":"area 16 of Brodmann","synonymSource":"Zilles-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 16","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"peripaleocortex","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Regio peripalaeocorticalis claustralis","synonymSource":"Stephan-1976","synonymSourceTitle":"Vergleichende Anatomie des Allocortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Peripalaeocortex","synonymSource":"Stephan-1976","synonymSourceTitle":"Vergleichende Anatomie des Allocortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Cercocebus torquatus","synonymName":"Insula olfactoria","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1905","synonymSourceTitle":"Beitraege zur histologischen Lokalisation der Grosshirnrinde: dritte Mitteilung: Die Rindenfelder der niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Cercocebus torquatus","synonymName":"Typus 16","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1905","synonymSourceTitle":"Beitraege zur histologischen Lokalisation der Grosshirnrinde: dritte Mitteilung: Die Rindenfelder der niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"periallocortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"2315","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2315","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2338","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"210924771","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 6 of Walker","standardAcronym":"6","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2338","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the frontal lobe of the macaque; it is defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture. Walker's cortical map did not show the full extent of area 6 but located it as topologically homologous to the cytoarchitectonic area 6 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Walker-1940 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 6 of Walker","synonymSource":"Walker-1940","synonymSourceTitle":"A cytoarchitectural study of the prefrontal area of the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2339","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"255","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"corpus striatum","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2339","cDefinition":"denotes a composite substructure of the basal ganglia that consists of the striatum and the globus pallidus ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"korpus triat","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"corpus striatum","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"21573"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"striatum (Carpenter)","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Corpus striatum","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"21573"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"corpo striato","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"полосатое тело","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"cuerpo estriado","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2340","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"785","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal striatum","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2340","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure of the endbrain that is defined in the striatopallidal system by connectivity and neurochemical staining. It includes most of the striatum ( Heimer-1995 ). The boundary between this structure and the ventral striatum is indistinct in sections stained for Nissl substance .","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal striatum","synonymSource":"Heimer-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"The Human Brain and Spinal Cord: Functional Neuroanatomy and Dissection Guide","pubMedHits":"1082"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2341","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"786","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventral striatum","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2341","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure of the endbrain that is defined in the striatopallidal system by connectivity and neurochemical staining. It includes the nucleus accumbens, the most ventral portions of the caudate nucleus and the putamen, the rostrolateral portion of the olfactory tubercle, the islands of Calleja and a rostral subcommissural portion of substantia innominata. The boundary between the ventral striatum and dorsal striatum is indistinct in sections stained for Nissl substance ( Heimer-1995 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventral striatum","synonymSource":"Heimer-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"The Human Brain and Spinal Cord: Functional Neuroanatomy and Dissection Guide","pubMedHits":"1371"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2342","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-2131775975","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventricular system of the brainstem","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2342","cDefinition":"refers to a part of the brainstem subdivided longitudinally. It includes the cerebral aqueduct of the midbrain and the fourth ventricle ( Traurig-2003 ). The other parts of the brainstem so divided are the anterior part of the brainstem, the brainstem tegmentum and the Tectum (Schiebler) ( Schiebler-1999 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventricular system of the brainstem","synonymSource":"Traurig-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"The brainstem: an overview","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Teile des Ventrikelsystems","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2343","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-2085782482","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"brainstem tegmentum","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2343","cDefinition":"refers to the region of the brainstem located ventral to the cerebral aqueduct and the fourth ventricle. It consists of the medullary tegmentum, the pontine tegmentum, and the midbrain tegmentum. The brainstem tegmentum contains the cranial nerve nuclei, the reticular formation of the brainstem, and a variety of ascending and descending tracts ( Pritchard-1999 ). Some authors subdivide the brainstem longitudinally into the brainstem tegmentum, the anterior part of the brainstem, the ventricular system of the brainstem, and the Tectum (Schiebler) ( Schiebler-1999 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"brainstem tegmentum","synonymSource":"Pritchard-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Medical Neuroscience","pubMedHits":"55"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tegmentum des Hirnstamms","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Decke","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Haube","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2344","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-2083179520","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"paralimbic regions","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2344","cDefinition":"refers to two transition zones in the cerebral cortex of primates. Defined on the basis of internal structure, each zone consists of an inner band of periallocortex and an outer band of proisocortex. One, the insulo-orbito-temporopolar complex, provides the transition between the piriform area, which is paleocortex at the rostroventral end of the limbic lobe, and true isocortex of the insula, the orbital gyri and the temporopolar region. The other provides the transition between archicortex and true isocortex along the inner margin of the limbic lobe as it circles caudally, dorsally and rostrally over the corpus callosum ( Mesulam-1984 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"primate","synonymName":"mesocortical region","synonymSource":"Mesulam-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"The insula of Reil in man and monkey: Architectonics, connectivity, and function","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"primate","synonymName":"paralimbic brain","synonymSource":"Mesulam-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"The insula of Reil in man and monkey: Architectonics, connectivity, and function","pubMedHits":"20"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"primate","synonymName":"paralimbic region","synonymSource":"Mesulam-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"The insula of Reil in man and monkey: Architectonics, connectivity, and function","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"primate","synonymName":"paralimbic regions","synonymSource":"Mesulam-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"The insula of Reil in man and monkey: Architectonics, connectivity, and function","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"paralimbic cortex","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"26"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Mesocortex","synonymSource":"Stephan-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Allocortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2345","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-2047831878","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lamina IVC","standardAcronym":"IVC","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2345","cDefinition":"refers to one of three subdivisions of the internal granular layer that are seen in the occipital lobe. Located in primary visual cortex and other species, it is a cellular sublayer that lies deep to two other subdivisions, lamina IVA and lamina IVB (the stria of Gennari) ( Schiebler-1999 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lamina IVC","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"5"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2346","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1966747129","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"coronal plane","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2346","cDefinition":"refers to a cross-sectional view of the brain commonly presented in illustrations of its internal structure. Roughly speaking, the term refers to a vertical plane that extends from side to side of the brain. For a more precise definition of its use in BrainInfo see \" plane of section \". For a comprehensive review and discussion of uses of this and related terms by different authors, see ( Anthoney-1994 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"coronal section","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-2000","pubMedHits":"166"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"frontal plane","synonymSource":"Clarke-1920","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of photographs of frontal sections of the cranium and brain of the rhesus monkey (Macacus Rhesus)","pubMedHits":"1642"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"coronal plane","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"1776"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2347","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1933459565","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"leptomeninges","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2347","cDefinition":"refers to the two more penetrable layers of meninges, the arachnoid and the pia ( Schiebler-1999 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"leptomeninges","synonymSource":"Britannica-2009","synonymSourceTitle":"Encyclopædia Britannica","pubMedHits":"1029"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Leptomeninx","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"54"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"weiche Hirnhaut","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2348","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1928144353","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"postcentral opercular areas","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2348","cDefinition":"refers to three subdivisions of cerebral cortex of the macaque defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. They include the parts of the precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus and supramarginal gyrus that are closest to the lateral fissure. They are aarea 3 of Brodmann (guenon), area 1-2 of Roberts, and area SS II of Roberts ( Roberts-1963 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"postcentral opercular areas","synonymSource":"Roberts-1963","synonymSourceTitle":"Insular and opercular cortex and its thalamic projection in Macaca mulatta","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2349","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1840238614","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"somatosensory areas","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2349","cDefinition":"refers to the primary somatosensory cortex and the secondary somatosensory cortex ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"somesthetic areas","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"6"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"somatosensory areas","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"383"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"somatosensorischer Kortex","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2350","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1737246283","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"cerebellovestibular fibers","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2350","cDefinition":"refers to nerve fibers that pass directly from the flocculonodular lobe of the cerebellar cortex through the inferior cerebellar peduncle to the vestibular nuclei ( Schiebler-1999 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cerebellovestibular fibers","synonymSource":"Campbell-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"DeJong's the Neurologic Examination: Incorporating the Fundamentals of Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"zerebellovestibuläre Fasern","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Cerebello-vestibuläre Fasern","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2351","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1630357409","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"cervical nerves","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2351","cDefinition":"refers to the uppermost eight pairs of spinal nerves ( Kahle-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cervical nerves","synonymSource":"Kahle-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Color Atlas of Human Anatomy
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It is a cellular sublayer that lies superficial to the other two subdivisions, lamina IVB (stria of Gennari) and lamina IVC ( Zilles-2000 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lamina IVA","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"4"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2357","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1279101017","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"laterale parvozellulare Zone (Formatio reticularis)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2357","cDefinition":"refers to one of three parts of the reticular formation of the brainstem subdivided longitudinally on the basis of histochemical stains for neurotransmitters and related enzymes, connectivity, cytoarchitecture and function as well as conventional stains for Nissl substance and myelin. It is located in the brainstem lateral to the mediane Zone (Formatio reticularis) and the mediale magnozellulare Zone (Formatio reticularis). It is characterized by small cells and includes adrenergic, cholinergic and noradrenergic cell groups, such as the locus ceruleus ( Schiebler-1999 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral parvocellular zone","synonymSource":"Reuter-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"Springer Grosswörterbuch Medizin/Medical Dictionary","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"laterale kleinzellige Zone","synonymSource":"Mai-2002","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"laterale parvozellulare Zone (Formatio reticularis)","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2358","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1273887945","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"salivatory nuclei","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2358","cDefinition":"refers to the superior salivatory nucleus and the inferior salivatory nucleus ( Schiebler-1999 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"salivatory nuclei","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"14"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nuclei salivatorii","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2359","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1262419928","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"pituitary fossa","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2359","cDefinition":"refers to the space occupied by the hypophysis ( Schiebler-1999 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"hypophysial fossa","synonymSource":"Stedman's-2006","synonymSourceTitle":"Stedman's Medical Dictionary","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"pituitary fossa","synonymSource":"Stedman's-2006","synonymSourceTitle":"Stedman's Medical Dictionary","pubMedHits":"242"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fossa hypophysialis","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2360","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1195490044","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"somatosensorischen Assoziationsgebiete","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2360","cDefinition":"refers to a cortical area defined on the basis of function and connectivity. It is located in the parietal lobe largely caudal to the postcentral gyrus and receives major input via intracortical connections from the primary somesthetic area. It is identified with the cytoarchitecturally defined area 5 of Brodmann (human) and area 7 of Brodmann (human) ( Schiebler-1999 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"somatosensorischen Assoziationsgebiete","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2361","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1183857996","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"pontine aberrant tract","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2361","cDefinition":"refers to a bundle of fibers that diverges from the corticobulbar fibers in the pons to join the medial lemniscus of the pons ( Kahle-2001 )","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"pontine aberrant tract","synonymSource":"Kahle-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Color Atlas of Human Anatomy
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\r\nVolume 3: Nervensystem und Sinnesorgane","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2364","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1037914623","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"canthomeatal plane","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2364","cDefinition":"denotes a horizontal plane for brain stereotaxis based on external landmarks. Used primarily in human computed tomography, it passes through the Canthi (lateral angles of the eyelids) and the centers of the external auditory canals ( Schiebler-1999 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"canthomeatal plane","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Kanthomeatalebene","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2365","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-915552227","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Tractus cerebello-thalamo-cerebralis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2365","cDefinition":"refers to a neural pathway from the posterior lobe of the cerebellum through the dentate nucleus the superior cerebellar peduncle, and ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus to the cerebral cortex ( Zilles-2000 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus cerebello-thalamo-cerebralis","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2366","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-909373338","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Tectum (Schiebler)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2366","cDefinition":"refers to a part of the brainstem subdivided longitudinally. It includes the tectum of the midbrain, the cerebellum, the superior medullary velum, the inferior medullary velum, the gracilis tubercle of the medulla and the cuneate tubercle. The other parts of the brainstem so divided are the anterior part of the brainstem, the brainstem tegmentum and the ventricular system of the brainstem ( Schiebler-1999 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tectum (Zilles)","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tectum (Schiebler)","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Dach","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2367","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-791807316","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"rubrozerebellare Fasern","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2367","cDefinition":"refers to a fiber tract from the red nucleus to the cerebellum. It is not readily distinguished in myelin-stained sections ( Schiebler-1999 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"rubrozerebellare Fasern","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"98"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2368","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-757586432","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"arcuatocerebellar tract","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2368","cDefinition":"refers to fibers that project from the arcuate nucleus of the medulla ( Riley-1943 ). They cross the floor of the fourth ventricle in the striae medullares and terminate in the flocculus ( Kahle-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"arcuatocerebellar tract","synonymSource":"Kahle-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Color Atlas of Human Anatomy
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\r\nVolume 3: Nervensystem und Sinnesorgane","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus arcuato-cerebellares","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2369","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-588370565","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Kokzygealnervenpaar","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2369","cDefinition":"refers to the pair of spinal nerves that emerges from the spinal cord in the coccygeal region ( Kahle-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"coccygeal nerves","synonymSource":"Kahle-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Color Atlas of Human Anatomy
\r\nVolume 3: Nervous System and Sensory Organs","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Kokzygealnervenpaar","synonymSource":"Kahle-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"Taschenatlas der Anatomie
\r\nVolume 3: Nervensystem und Sinnesorgane","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2370","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-332561770","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"reticulo-olivary fibers","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2370","cDefinition":"refers to fibers that enter the central tegmental tract at various levels in the vicinity of the red nucleus, and the central gray substance, the pontine reticular formation and the midbrain reticular formation and terminate in the inferior olive ( Kahle-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"reticulo-olivary fibers","synonymSource":"Kahle-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Color Atlas of Human Anatomy
\r\nVolume 3: Nervous System and Sensory Organs","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fibrae reticuloolivares","synonymSource":"Kahle-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"Taschenatlas der Anatomie
\r\nVolume 3: Nervensystem und Sinnesorgane","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2371","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-283616223","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Tractus cerebelloreticularis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2371","cDefinition":"refers to nerve fibers from the cerebellum to the reticular formation of the brainstem ( Zilles-2000 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus cerebelloreticularis","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2372","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-170816136","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"insular cistern","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2372","cDefinition":"refers to the cerebrospinal fluid filled expansion of the subarachnoid space located between the insula and the overlying opercular cortex of primates. It is found in the human ( Schiebler-1999 ) and the macaque ( NeuroNames ). It is not present in rodents.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"insular cistern","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"7"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Cisterna fossae lateralis cerebri","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"fossa cerebri lateralis (Sylvii)","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Mozga Cheloveka (Atlas of the Human Brain)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Inselzisterne","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"латеральная ямка большого мозга (сильвиева ямка)","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Mozga Cheloveka (Atlas of the Human Brain)","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2373","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-71070090","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"horizontal plane","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2373","cDefinition":"refers to a cross-sectional view of the brain commonly presented in illustrations of its internal structure. Roughly speaking, the term refers to a horizontal plane that extends from the front to the back of the brain. For a more precise definition of its use in BrainInfo see \" plane of section \". For a comprehensive review and discussion of uses of this and related terms by different authors, see ( Anthoney-1994 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"horizontal section","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-2000","pubMedHits":"64"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"transverse section","synonymSource":"Gray-1918a","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomy of the Human Body","pubMedHits":"423"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"horizontal plane","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"2444"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2374","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"3","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal fornix (primate)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2374","cDefinition":"refers to fibers from the fimbria of the CA fields that pass dorsal to the corpus callosum in the medial longitudinal stria. Some rejoin the fornix by penetrating the corpus callosum rostrally ( Crosby-1962, Stephan-1975 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal fornix (primate)","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fornix dorsalis","synonymSource":"Stephan-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Allocortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fornix superior","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Fornix longus","synonymSource":"Stephan-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Allocortex","pubMedHits":"1"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2375","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"4","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus tegmentalis anterior","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2375","cDefinition":"refers to a group of nerve cells in the midbrain reticular formation that are located medial to the peripeduncular nucleus and ventral to the ventral posterior nucleus of thalamus ( Olszewski-1952 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Nucleus tegmentalis anterior","synonymSource":"Olszewski-1952","synonymSourceTitle":"The Thalamus Of The Macaca mulatta: An Atlas For Use With The Stereotaxic Instrument","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2376","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"6","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Gyrus hippocampi (Shantha)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2376","cDefinition":"refers to a cortical area on the medial aspect of the temporal lobe. It includes some or all of the presubiculum and an adjacent portion of the entorhinal area ( Shantha-1968 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Gyrus hippocampi (Shantha)","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2377","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"7","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Cortex praestriatus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2377","cDefinition":"refers to a cortical area on the medial aspect of the temporal lobe. It includes the lingual gyrus and the most caudal adjacent portion of the parahippocampal gyrus ( Shantha-1968 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Cortex praestriatus","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2378","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"11","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterior supraprincipal dimple","standardAcronym":"psd","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2378","cDefinition":"refers to a small vertical depression variably present on the dorsal surface of the frontal lobe of the macaque. It is located anterior to the superior limb of the arcuate sulcus ( Walker-1940 ) and posterior to the anterior supraprincipal dimple ( Paxinos-2004 ). While some authors refer to it as the sulcus frontalis superior, they do not consider it homologous to the superior frontal sulcus ( Bonin-1947 ). It has no equivalent in rodents.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"posterior superior frontal sulcus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"superior frontal sulcus","synonymSource":"Walker-1940","synonymSourceTitle":"A cytoarchitectural study of the prefrontal area of the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"68"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"prearcuate notch","synonymSource":"Krieg-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Interpretive Atlas Of The Monkey's Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"posterior supraprincipal dimple","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"The Human Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"sulcus frontalis superior posterior","synonymSource":"Bonin-1947","synonymSourceTitle":"The Neocortex of Macaca Mulatta","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"sulcus frontalis superior ","synonymSource":"Bonin-1947","synonymSourceTitle":"The Neocortex of Macaca Mulatta","pubMedHits":"2"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2379","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"12","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"arcuate sulcus","standardAcronym":"arc","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2379","cDefinition":"refers to a composite superficial feature of the frontal lobe of the macaque. Located on the dorsolateral surface, it consists of the superior limb of the arcuate sulcus, the inferior ramus of the arcuate sulcus and the spur of the arcuate sulcus ( Krieg-1975; Walker-1940 ). \r\nThe adult human has no feature topologically equivalent to the arcuate sulcus of the macaque ( Matelli-2004 ). One finds a similar angular depression, however, in the fetal cortex of the 32-33 week human. There the vertical, inferior limb appears to become the inferior precentral sulcus. The depression located rostral to it in the 32-33 week human fetus, a location comparable to that of the principal sulcus, appears to become the inferior frontal sulcus instead ( Savel'ev-2005 ). And, based upon the organization of architectonic areas relative to sulcal features, the superior, horizontal component appears similar in location to the superior frontal sulcus and superior precentral sulcus.\r\n Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"arcuate sulcus","synonymSource":"Krieg-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Interpretive Atlas Of The Monkey's Brain","pubMedHits":"95"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"inferior precentral sulcus (Walker)","synonymSource":"Walker-1940","synonymSourceTitle":"A cytoarchitectural study of the prefrontal area of the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Sulcus arcuatis","synonymSource":"Sugar-1950","synonymSourceTitle":"Corticocortical connections of the cortex buried in the intraparietal and principal sulci of the monkey (Macaca mulatta)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Sulcus arcuatus","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Sulcus arcuata","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Mozga Cheloveka (Atlas of the Human Brain)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"solco arcuato","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"дугообразная борозда","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Mozga Cheloveka (Atlas of the Human Brain)","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2380","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"17","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ocular nerves","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2380","cDefinition":"refers to a functional grouping of three of the cranial nerves based on their involvement in the control of eye movements. The group includes the oculomotor nerve, the trochlear nerve and the abducens nerve ( Anthoney-1994 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ocular nerves","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"17"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2381","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"18","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterior hypothalamic group","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2381","cDefinition":"refers to a composite subdivision of the anterior hypothalamic region. It includes the anterior hypothalamic area, the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and the supraoptic nucleus ( Anthoney-1994 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior hypothalamic group","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2382","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"19","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"primary intermediate sulcus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2382","cDefinition":"refers to the more rostral of two sulci that branch ventrally from the intraparietal sulcus in the parietal lobe of the human. It marks part of the boundary between the supramarginal gyrus and the angular gyrus ( Duvernoy-1992 ). The other, located more caudally, is the secondary intermediate sulcus ( Ono-1990 ). It is not found in the macaque or in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"primary intermediate sulcus","synonymSource":"Ono-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"sulcus intermedius primus","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sulcus intermedius primus (Jensen)","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"первая промежуточная бороздка","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2383","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"20","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"bicommissural line","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2383","cDefinition":"refers to a reference line in the midline sagittal plane that defines the horizontal plane for brain stereotaxis. For ventriculography In the human it is defined as the line passing through the upper border of the anterior commissure and the lower border of the posterior commissure ( Talairach-1957 ). The same definition was commonly used in MRI studies for many years. More recently some authors recommend that it be defined as the line passing through the centers of the anterior commissure and the posterior commissure ( Kretschmann-2004 }. The latter definition is commonly used to define the bicommissural line and the horizontal plane in the macaque ( Martin-1996; Paxinos-2000 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"bicommissural line","synonymSource":"Talairach-1957","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas d'Anatomie Stereotaxique","pubMedHits":"6"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"bicommissural line","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"6"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"AC-PC line","synonymSource":"Talairach-1957","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas d'Anatomie Stereotaxique","pubMedHits":"52"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2384","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"21","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"secondary intermediate sulcus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2384","cDefinition":"refers to the more caudal of two sulci that branch ventrally from the intraparietal sulcus in the parietal lobe of the human. It projects into the angular gyrus ( Duvernoy-1992 ). The other, located more rostrally, is the primary intermediate sulcus ( Ono-1990 ). It is not found in the macaque or in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"secondary intermediate sulcus","synonymSource":"Ono-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"sulcus intermedius secundus","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sulcus intermedius secundus","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"вторая промежуточная бороздка","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2385","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"23","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"tentorial incisure","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2385","cDefinition":"refers to the notch in the cerebellar tentorium through which the brainstem passes at about the junction of the midbrain and pons. It is not part of the brain ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"tentorial hiatus","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"19"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"tentorial incisure","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"7"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"tentorial notch","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"28"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Incisura tentorii","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Einschnitt","synonymSource":"Schultze-1993","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomisches Wörterbuch","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Mixed","organism":"human","synonymName":"incisure of tentorium cerebelli","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"incisura tentoriale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"вырезка намета","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"incisura de la tienda del cerebelo","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"incisura tentorial","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2386","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"26","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"angular sulcus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2386","cDefinition":"refers to a superficial feature of the parietal lobe. It is the portion of the superior temporal sulcus that extends into the angular gyrus ( Ono-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"angular sulcus","synonymSource":"Ono-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superior temporal sulcus ascending branch ","synonymSource":"LONI-2007","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus angularis","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sulcus angularis","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"segment ascendant du sillon paralléle","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon paralléle, partie postérieure, segment ascendant","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sulcus angularis","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"segment ascendant du sillon paralléle","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon paralléle, partie postérieure, segment ascendant","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2387","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"27","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventral thalamus (Martinez)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2387","cDefinition":"refers to the embryologic structure that gives rise to the lateral reticular nucleus and the lateral geniculate body ( Anthoney-1994 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventral thalamus (Martinez)","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2388","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"28","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"paramedian zone of the cerebellum","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2388","cDefinition":"refers to a sagittal portion of the anterior lobe of the cerebellum and posterior lobe of the cerebellum that lies immediately lateral to the vermis of the cerebellum ( Anthoney-1994 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"paramedian zone of the cerebellum","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"paramediane Zone des Kleinhirns","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2389","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"29","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"parahippocampal ramus (human)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2389","cDefinition":"refers to a superficial feature of the parahippocampal gyrus in the human. It is a side branch from the collateral sulcus into the parahippocampal gyrus ( Ono-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"parahippocampal ramus","synonymSource":"Ono-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2390","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"30","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"frontoparietal operculum","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2390","cDefinition":"refers to the parts of the ventrolateral frontal lobe and parietal lobe that overlie the dorsal surface of the insula in primates, including the human ( Roberts-1970 ) and the macaque ( Mesulam-1984 ). Defined on the basis of topology it constitutes the superior bank of the lateral fissure and is separated from the insula by the superior limiting sulcus. It is composed of the frontal operculum rostrally and the parietal operculum caudally. It is one of three parts of the opercular cortex. The others are the temporal operculum and, in the human only, the basal operculum. None of the opercula are present in the smooth cerebral cortex of rodents.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"opercular cortex (Roberts)","synonymSource":"Roberts-1963","synonymSourceTitle":"Insular and opercular cortex and its thalamic projection in Macaca mulatta","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"frontoparietal operculum","synonymSource":"Mesulam-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"The insula of Reil in man and monkey: Architectonics, connectivity, and function","pubMedHits":"19"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"frontoparietal operculum","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"19"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"opercular cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3297","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3297","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Cortical Opercula - Human","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"opercular cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3297","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3297","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Cortical Opercula - Macaque","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2391","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"33","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 1 of Brodmann (human)","standardAcronym":"1","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2391","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined postcentral region of cerebral cortex. In the human it is located in the postcentral gyrus where it is bounded cytoarchitecturally by the area 3 of Brodmann (human) and the area 2 of Brodmann (human) and, at its ventral tip, by the area 43 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"intermediate postcentral area 1","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-2000","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 1","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 1 of Brodmann (human)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area postcentralis intermedia","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Feld 1","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2392","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"34","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 2 of Brodmann (human)","standardAcronym":"2","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2392","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined postcentral region of cerebral cortex. In the human it is located primarily in the caudal portion of the postcentral gyrus and the rostral lip of the postcentral sulcus with a caudal extension along the intraparietal sulcus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded rostrally by the area 1 of Brodmann (human) and caudally by the area 5 of Brodmann (human), the area 7 of Brodmann (human) and the area 40 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"caudal postcentral area 2","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-2000","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 2","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 2 of Brodmann (human)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area postcentralis caudalis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Feld 2","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2393","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"35","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 3 of Brodmann (human)","standardAcronym":"3","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2393","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined postcentral region of cerebral cortex. In the human it is located primarily in the rostral portion of the postcentral gyrus including the caudal bank of the central sulcus. At either end of the sulcus it can extend beyond the depth of the sulcus into the precentral gyrus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded rostrally by the area 4 of Brodmann (human) and caudally by the area 1 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"rostral postcentral area 3","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-2000","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 3","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 3 of Brodmann (human)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area postcentralis oralis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Feld 3","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2394","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"40","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 4 of Brodmann (human)","standardAcronym":"4","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2394","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined precentral region of cerebral cortex. In the human it is located in the precentral gyrus. Cytoarchitecturally the caudal boundary with the area 3 of Brodmann (human) does not coincide precisely with the floor of the central sulcus but lies variably in the banks of the postcentral gyrus and the precentral gyrus. The area also does not extend in all cases to the cingulate sulcus medially or to the end of the central sulcus ventrolaterally. It is bounded rostrally by the area 6 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"gigantopyramidal area 4","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-2000","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 4 of Brodmann (human)","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"precentral gigantopyramidal field","synonymSource":"Braak-1976","synonymSourceTitle":"The pyramidal cells of Betz within the cingulate and precentral gigantopyramidal field in the human brain: A Golgi and pigmentarchitectonic study","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"frontal core","synonymSource":"Zilles-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 4","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"21"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area gigantopyramidalis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area 4 nach Brodmann","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Feld 4","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2395","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"41","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 6 of Brodmann (human)","standardAcronym":"6","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2395","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined precentral region of cerebral cortex. In the human it is located primarily in the caudal portions of the superior frontal gyrus and the middle frontal gyrus and the rostral portions of the precentral gyrus not occupied by the area 4 of Brodmann (human). It extends from the cingulate sulcus on the medial aspect of the hemisphere to the lateral fissure on the lateral aspect. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded rostrally by the frontal region and caudally by the garea 4 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"agranular frontal area 6","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 6 of Brodmann (human)","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"frontal belt","synonymSource":"Zilles-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"primate","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 6","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"23"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area frontalis agranularis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Feld 6","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2396","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"45","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 8 of Brodmann (human)","standardAcronym":"8","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2396","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined frontal region of cerebral cortex. In the human it is located primarily in the superior frontal gyrus extending from the cingulate sulcus on the medial surface over the margin of the hemisphere to the middle frontal gyrus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded caudally by the area 6 of Brodmann (human) and ventrally by the area 9 of Brodmann-1909 (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"intermediate frontal area 8","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-2000","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 8","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"14"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 8 of Brodmann (human)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area frontalis intermedia","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Feld 8","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2397","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"46","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"nonprimary motor cortex - obsolete","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2397","cDefinition":"","parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2398","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"47","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 9 of Brodmann (human)","standardAcronym":"9","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2398","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined frontal region of cerebral cortex in the human. It occupies portions of the superior frontal gyrus and the middle frontal gyrus. Its approximate boundary on the medial aspect of the hemisphere is the cingulate sulcus and, on the lateral aspect, the inferior frontal sulcus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded dorsocaudally by area 8 of Brodmann (human), caudally by area 6 of Brodmann (human), and ventrally by area 10 of Brodmann (human), area 46 of Brodmann and area 44 of Brodmann ( Brodmann-1909 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"granular frontal area 9","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-2000","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 9","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"56"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 9 of Brodmann-1909 (human)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 9 of Brodmann","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area frontalis granularis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Feld 9","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2399","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"49","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"paracingulate sulcus","standardAcronym":"pcgs","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2399","cDefinition":"refers to the cingulate sulcus more distant from the corpus callosum in the approximately 35% of humans who have a double cingulate gyrus. This second sulcus parallels the anterior portion of the cingulate sulcus. Like the cingulate sulcus, it may be continuous or interrupted. It forms the outer boundary of the rostral part of the external cingulate gyrus ( Vogt-1995 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superior cingulate sulcus","synonymSource":"Vogt-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Human cingulate cortex: surface features, flat maps, and cytoarchitecture","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"paracingulate sulcus","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"29"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2400","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"50","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"external cingulate gyrus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2400","cDefinition":"refers to the gyrus more distant from the corpus callosum in the approximately 35% of humans who have a double cingulate gyrus. It parallels the main cingulate gyrus from which it is separated by the cingulate sulcus. It is bounded externally by the paracingulate sulcus ( Vogt-1995 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superior cingulate gyrus","synonymSource":"Vogt-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Human cingulate cortex: surface features, flat maps, and cytoarchitecture","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"external cingulate gyrus","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2401","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"51","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"main cingulate gyrus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2401","cDefinition":"applies to the gyrus closer to the corpus callosum in the approximately 35% of humans who have a double cingulate gyrus. It parallels the external cingulate gyrus from which it is separated by the cingulate sulcus. It is bounded internally by the callosal sulcus ( Vogt-1995 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"main cingulate gyrus","synonymSource":"Vogt-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Human cingulate cortex: surface features, flat maps, and cytoarchitecture","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2402","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"52","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 44 of Brodmann","standardAcronym":"44","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2402","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined frontal region of cerebral cortex. In the human it corresponds approximately to the opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus. Thus, it is bounded caudally by the inferior precentral sulcus and rostrally by the anterior ascending limb of the lateral fissure. It surrounds the diagonal sulcus. In the depth of the lateral fissure it borders on the insula. Cytoarchitectonically it is bounded caudally and dorsally by the area 6 of Brodmann (human), dorsally by the area 9 of Brodmann (human) and rostrally by the area 45 of Brodmann ( Brodmann-1909 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"opercular area 44","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 44 of Brodmann","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 44","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"22"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area opercularis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Feld 44","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2403","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"53","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 45 of Brodmann","standardAcronym":"45","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2403","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined frontal region of cerebral cortex. In the human, it occupies the triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus and, surrounding the anterior horizontal limb of the lateral fissure, a portion of the orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus. Bounded caudally by the anterior ascending limb of the lateral fissure, it borders on the insula in the depth of the lateral fissure. Cytoarchitectonically it is bounded caudally by the opercular area 44 of Brodmann, rostrodorsally by the area 46 of Brodmann and ventrally by the area 47 of Brodmann ( Brodmann-1909 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"triangular area 45","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-1995","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 45 of Brodmann (human)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-1995","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 45","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"11"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 45 of Brodmann","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area triangularis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"6"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Feld 45","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1905","synonymSourceTitle":"Beitraege zur histologischen Lokalisation der Grosshirnrinde: dritte Mitteilung: Die Rindenfelder der niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2404","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"55","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 47 of Brodmann","standardAcronym":"47","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2404","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined frontal region of cerebral cortex. In the human, on the orbital surface it surrounds the caudal portion of the orbital sulci from which it extends laterally into the orbital part of inferior frontal gyrus (human). Cytoarchitectonically it is bounded caudally by the area 45 of Brodmann (human), medially by the prefrontal area 11 of Brodmann-1909, and rostrally by the area 10 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"orbital area 47","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-1995","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 47 of Brodmann (human)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-1995","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 47","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"11"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 47 of Brodmann","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area orbitalis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Feld 47","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2405","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"56","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 10 of Brodmann (human)","standardAcronym":"10","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2405","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined frontal region of cerebral cortex. It occupies the most rostral portions of the superior frontal gyrus and the middle frontal gyrus. In humans, on the medial aspect of the hemisphere it is bounded ventrally by the superior rostral sulcus. It does not extend as far as the cingulate sulcus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded dorsally by the area 9 of Brodmann-1909 (human), caudally by the area 46 of Brodmann (human), and ventrally by the area 47 of Brodmann (human) and by the area 12 of Brodmann (human) or, in an early version of Brodmann's cortical map ( Brodmann-1909 ), the area 11 of Brodmann (human).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 10 (H) of Brodmann","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-1995","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"frontopolar area 10","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-2000","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 10","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"36"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 10 of Brodmann (human)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area frontopolaris","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Feld 10","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2406","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"65","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 5 of Brodmann (human)","standardAcronym":"5","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2406","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined parietal region of cerebral cortex. In the human it occupies the superior parietal lobule and a portion of the postcentral gyrus, particularly on the medial aspect of the hemisphere. It is bounded approximately by the cingulate sulcus on the medial aspect of the hemisphere and by the superior postcentral sulcus - obsolete on the lateral aspect. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded by the area 2 of Brodmann (human), the area 7 of Brodmann (human) and on the medial bank of the hemisphere by the area 4 of Brodmann (human) and the area 31 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"preparietal area 5","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-2000","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 5","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 5 of Brodmann (human)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area praeparietalis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Feld 5","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2407","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"66","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 7 of Brodmann (human)","standardAcronym":"7","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2407","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined parietal region of cerebral cortex. In the human it occupies much of the superior parietal lobule and some of the precuneus. It is bounded approximately by the postcentral sulcus rostrally, the intraparietal sulcus laterally, the parieto-occipital sulcus caudally and, on the medial bank of the hemisphere, the splenial sulcus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded rostrally by area 5 of Brodmann (human) and area 2 of Brodmann (human); caudally by area 19 of Brodmann (human); and medially by area 31 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superior parietal area 7","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-2000","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 7","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"10"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 7 of Brodmann (human)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area parietalis superior","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Feld 7","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2408","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"68","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 40 of Brodmann","standardAcronym":"40","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2408","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined parietal region of cerebral cortex in the human. It is located primarily in the supramarginal gyrus surrounding the posterior ascending limb of the lateral fissure (human). It is bounded approximately by the intraparietal sulcus, the inferior postcentral sulcus the posterior subcentral sulcus and the lateral fissure. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded caudally by the area 39 of Brodmann, rostrally and dorsally by the area 2 of Brodmann (human), and ventrally by the area 43 of Brodmann (human) and the area 22 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ). Its equivalent in the nomenclature of Glasser-2016 is areas PF.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"supramarginal area 40 (H)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-1995","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 40 of Brodmann (human)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-1995","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 40","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"11"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 40 of Brodmann","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area supramarginalis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Feld 40","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2409","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"69","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 39 of Brodmann","standardAcronym":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2409","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined parietal region of cerebral cortex in the human. It corresponds to the angular gyrus surrounding the caudal tip of the superior temporal sulcus. Dorsally it is bounded approximately by the intraparietal sulcus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded rostrally by the area 40 of Brodmann (human), dorsally and caudally by the area 19 of Brodmann (human), and ventrally by the area 37 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ). Its equivalent in the nomenclature of Glasser-2016 is areas PG.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"angular area 39","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-1995","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 39 of Brodmann","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-1995","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 39","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area angularis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Feld 39","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2410","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"70","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 36 of Brodmann","standardAcronym":"36","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2410","cDefinition":"refers to the ectorhinal area of the cytoarchitecturally defined temporal region of cerebral cortex in the human. With its medial boundary corresponding approximately to the rhinal sulcus it is a rostral extension of the lingual gyrus ( Brodmann-1909 located in the fusiform gyrus ( Crosby-1962 ).. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded laterally and caudally by the area 20 of Brodmann (human), medially by the perirhinal area 35 and rostrally by the area 38 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ). While Brodmann did not find area 36 sufficiently differentiated in the guenon, an Old World monkey similar to the macaque, to report, he did observe it in the marmoset, a New World species and the lemur, a prosimian ( Brodmann-1909 )","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ectorhinal area 36","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 36 of Brodmann (human)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-1995","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 36","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 36 of Brodmann","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area ectorhinalis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Feld 36","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2411","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"71","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 37 of Brodmann","standardAcronym":"37","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2411","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined temporal region of cerebral cortex in the human. It is located primarily in the caudal portions of the fusiform gyrus and inferior temporal gyrus on the mediobasal and lateral surfaces at the caudal extreme of the temporal lobe. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded caudally by the area 19 of Brodmann (human), rostrally by the area 20 of Brodmann (human) and area 21 of Brodmann (human) and dorsally on the lateral aspect of the hemisphere by the area 39 of Brodmann ( Brodmann-1909 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"occipitotemporal area 37","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-1995","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 37 of Brodmann (human)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 37","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"8"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 37 of Brodmann","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area occipitotemporalis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area paratemporalis of Smith","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Feld 37","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2412","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"72","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 38 of Brodmann (human)","standardAcronym":"38","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2412","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined temporal region of cerebral cortex in the human. It is located primarily in the most rostral portions of the superior temporal gyrus and the middle temporal gyrus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded caudally by the area 20 of Brodmann (human), the area 21 of Brodmann (human), the area 22 of Brodmann (human) and the area 36 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"temporopolar area 38","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-1995","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 38 of Brodmann (human)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-1995","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 38","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 38 of Brodmann","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area temporopolaris","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Feld 38","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2413","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"73","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 21 of Brodmann (human)","standardAcronym":"21","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2413","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined temporal region of cerebral cortex. In the human it corresponds approximately to the middle temporal gyrus. It is bounded rostrally by the area 38 of Brodmann (human), ventrally by the area 20 of Brodmann (human), caudally by the area 37 of Brodmann (human), and dorsally by the area 22 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"middle temporal area 21","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-1995","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 21","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 21 of Brodmann (human)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area temporalis media","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Feld 21","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2414","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"76","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 52 of Brodmann","standardAcronym":"52","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2414","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined temporal region of cerebral cortex. It is located in the bank of the lateral fissure on the dorsal surface of the temporal lobe. Its medial boundary corresponds approximately to the junction between the temporal lobe and the insula. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded laterally by the area 41 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"parainsular area 52","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-1995","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 52 of Brodmann (human)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-1995","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 52","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 52 of Brodmann","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-1995","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area parainsularis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Feld 52","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2415","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"80","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 31 of Brodmann","standardAcronym":"31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2415","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined cingulate region of cerebral cortex. In the human it occupies portions of the posterior cingulate gyrus and medial aspect of the parietal lobe. Approximate boundaries are the cingulate sulcus dorsally and the parieto-occipital sulcus caudally. It partially surrounds the splenial sulcus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded rostrally by the area 24 of Brodmann (human), ventrally by the area 23 of Brodmann (human), dorsally by the area 4 of Brodmann (human) and area 5 of Brodmann (human) and caudally by the area 7 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal posterior cingulate area 31","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-1995","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 31 of Brodmann (human)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-1995","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cinguloparietal transition area","synonymSource":"Vogt-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Human cingulate cortex: surface features, flat maps, and cytoarchitecture","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 31","synonymSource":"Vogt-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Human cingulate cortex: surface features, flat maps, and cytoarchitecture","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 31 of Brodmann","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area cingularis posterior dorsalis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Feld 31","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2416","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"82","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 24c of (macaque) - obsolete","standardAcronym":"","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2416","cDefinition":"","parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2417","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"83","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 23c (macaque)","standardAcronym":"23c","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2417","cDefinition":"refers to a portion of the posterior cingulate gyrus defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and connectivity in the macaque ( Vogt-1987 ). It is one of three subdivisions of area 23 (macaque). The other two are area 23a (macaque) and area 23b (macaque). Area 23c is located furthest from the corpus callosum in the ventral wall of the cingulate sulcus . An equivalent area exists in the human ( Vogt-1995 ). For a more recent segmentation of this area by the same authors later in their studies ( Vogt-2012 ) see area 23.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"area 23c of Vogt (macaque)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"area 23c","synonymSource":"Vogt-1987","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate cortex of the rhesus monkey: I. Cytoarchitecture and thalamic afferents","pubMedHits":"14"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 23c (macaque)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2418","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"84","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 24b (macaque) - obsolete","standardAcronym":"","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2418","cDefinition":"","parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2419","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"85","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 23b (macaque)","standardAcronym":"23b","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2419","cDefinition":"refers to a portion of the posterior cingulate gyrus defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and connectivity in the macaque ( Vogt-1987 ). It is one of three subdivisions of area 23 (macaque). The other two are area 23a (macaque) and area 23c (macaque). Area 23b lies in the upper half of the gyrus between area 23a and area 23c. An equivalent area exists in the human ( Vogt-1995 ). For a more recent segmentation of this area by the same authors later in their studies ( Vogt-2012 ) see area 23.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"area 23b of Vogt (macaque)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"area 23b","synonymSource":"Vogt-1987","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate cortex of the rhesus monkey: I. Cytoarchitecture and thalamic afferents","pubMedHits":"7"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"23b (macaque)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2420","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"86","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 24a (macaque) - obsolete","standardAcronym":"24a","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2420","cDefinition":"","parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2421","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"87","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 23a (macaque)","standardAcronym":"23a","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2421","cDefinition":"refers to a portion of the posterior cingulate gyrus defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and connectivity in the macaque ( Vogt-1987 ). It is one of three subdivisions of area 23 (macaque) The other two are area 23b (macaque) and area 23c (macaque). Area 23a lies closest to the corpus callosum. An equivalent area exists in the human ( Vogt-1995 ). For a more recent segmentation of this area reported by the same authors later in their studies ( Vogt-2012 ) see area 23. ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"area 23a of Vogt (macaque)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"area 23a","synonymSource":"Vogt-1987","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate cortex of the rhesus monkey: I. Cytoarchitecture and thalamic afferents","pubMedHits":"8"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 23a (macaque)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2422","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"88","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 32 of Brodmann (human)","standardAcronym":"32","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2422","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined cingulate region of cerebral cortex. In the human it forms an outer arc around the anterior cingulate gyrus. The cingulate sulcus defines approximately its inner boundary and the superior rostral sulcus its ventral boundary; rostrally it extends almost to the margin of the frontal lobe. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded internally by the area 24 of Brodmann (human), externally by medial margins of the area 6 of Brodmann (human), area 8 of Brodmann (human), area 9 of Brodmann-1909 (human), area 10 of Brodmann (human), and prefrontal area 11 of Brodmann-1909 ( Brodmann-1909 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal anterior cingulate area 32","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-1995","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cingulofrontal transition cortex","synonymSource":"Vogt-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Human cingulate cortex: surface features, flat maps, and cytoarchitecture","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 32","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"16"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 32 of Brodmann (human)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area cingularis anterior dorsalis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Feld 32","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2423","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"89","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 33 of Brodmann","standardAcronym":"33","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2423","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined cingulate region of cerebral cortex. It is a narrow band located in the anterior cingulate gyrus adjacent to the supracallosal gyrus in the depth of the callosal sulcus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded by area 24 of Brodmann (human) and the supracallosal gyrus ( Brodmann-1909 ). See also: area 33.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"pregenual area 33","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-1995","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 33","synonymSource":"Vogt-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Human cingulate cortex: surface features, flat maps, and cytoarchitecture","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 33 of Brodmann","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"classical area 33","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area infraradiata ventralis","synonymSource":"Stephan-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Allocortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area praegenualis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Feld 33","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2424","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"93","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 30 of Brodmann (human)","standardAcronym":"30","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2424","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined retrosplenial area of the cerebral cortex. In the human it is located in the isthmus of the cingulate gyrus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded internally by the area 29 of Brodmann-1909 (human), dorsally by the area 23 of Brodmann (human) and ventrolaterally by the area 36 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ). Brodmann did not find area 30 in the guenon, an Old World monkey like the macaque, but did find it in the lemur, a prosimian ( Brodmann-1909 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"agranular retrolimbic area 30","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-1995","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 30 of Brodmann (human)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-1995","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 30","synonymSource":"Vogt-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Human cingulate cortex: surface features, flat maps, and cytoarchitecture","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 30 of Brodmann","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area retrolimbica agranularis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Feld 30","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2425","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"96","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"perirhinal area","standardAcronym":"35","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2425","cDefinition":"refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined area of cerebral cortex. In the human it is located in the banks of the collateral sulcus: the parahippocampal gyrus medially and the fusiform gyrus laterally ( Brodmann-1909 ); in some individuals it extends onto the medial surface of the fusiform gyrus ( Insausti-2004 ).\r\nIn the macaque it is located at the fundus of the rhinal sulcus with the parahippocampal gyrus medial to it but the inferior temporal gyrus lateral to it ( Paxinos-2009a ). In the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Hof-2000 ) it is located on the ventrolateral cortical surface.\r\nCytoarchitecturally it is one of seven components of the periarchicortex ( Stephan-1975 ). In the primate it is bounded medially by the entorhinal area and laterally by the ectorhinal area; in the rodent it is bounded by the entorhinal area ventrally and the ectorhinal area dorsally. In the Functional CNS Model - Rat it is considered a part of polymodal association cortex. (See Models Where It Appears below.)","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"perirhinal area 35","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-1995","pubMedHits":"5"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"perirhinal area","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"22"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"perirhinal cortex","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"730"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 35 of Brodmann","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Brodmann's area 35","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area perirhinalis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Area perirhinalis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Feld 35","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Feld 35","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"periallocortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"2315","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2315","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"polymodal association cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"2725","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2725","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2426","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"98","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"postcentral region","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2426","cDefinition":"refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined portion of the cerebral cortex that lies immediately caudal to the central sulcus. It occupies primarily the postcentral gyrus and a small portion of the precentral gyrus at its ventral extreme adjacent to the lateral fissure. It consists of the area 3 of Brodmann (human), the area 1 of Brodmann (human), the area 2 of Brodmann (human) and the area 43 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 )","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"postcentral region","synonymSource":"Garey-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Brodmann's 'Localisation in the Cerebral Cortex'","pubMedHits":"10"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Regio postcentralis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Regio retrocentralis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2427","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"99","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"precentral region","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2427","cDefinition":"refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined portion of the cerebral cortex that lies immediately rostral to the central sulcus.It occupies caudal portions of the superior frontal gyrus and middle frontal gyrus and the precentral gyrus. It extends into the rostral bank of the central sulcus, though not to the full depth of the sulcus at all points. It consists of the area 4 of Brodmann (human) and the area 6 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"precentral region","synonymSource":"Garey-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Brodmann's 'Localisation in the Cerebral Cortex'","pubMedHits":"22"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Regio praecentralis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2428","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"100","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"precentral area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2428","cDefinition":"refers to a portion of the cerebral cortex that is located in the precentral gyrus and portions of the superior frontal gyrus, the middle frontal gyrus and the inferior frontal gyrus. It includes the precentral region (area 4 of Brodmann (human) and area 6 of Brodmann (human)) and perhaps parts of the area 8 of Brodmann (human), the opercular area 44 and the area 45 of Brodmann (human) ( Anthoney-1994 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"precentral area","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"26"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"precentral region (Wilk)","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2429","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"101","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"frontal region","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2429","cDefinition":"was used by Brodmann for the frontal lobe excluding its cytoarchitecturally defined precentral region. On the medial surface of the hemisphere its boundary with the cingulate region is an arc formed by the cingulate sulcus above and by the superior rostral sulcus below. It includes the area 8 of Brodmann (human), the area 9 of Brodmann (human), the area 10 of Brodmann (human), the area 11 of Brodmann (human), the area 44 of Brodmann, the area 45 of Brodmann (human), the area 47 of Brodmann (human) and the area 46 of Brodmann (human). Most authors now consider Brodmann's frontal region to be an approximate equivalent to the combination of the lateral prefrontal cortex and the lateral part of the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex ( Brodmann-1909, Anthoney-1994 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"korteks prafrontal","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"lobus prafrontal","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"frontal region","synonymSource":"Garey-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Brodmann's 'Localisation in the Cerebral Cortex'","pubMedHits":"1051"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral prefrontal cortex","synonymSource":"Zilles-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Cortex","pubMedHits":"477"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"prefrontal cortex (H)","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"prefrontal region","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"238"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior frontal cortex","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"27"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"prefrontal lobe","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"143"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"hyperfrontal cortex","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"frontal association areas","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"23"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"frontal cortex (Nauta)","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Regio frontalis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"area prefrontale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2430","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"102","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"parietal region","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2430","cDefinition":"refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined portion of the cerebral cortex. It occupies most of the parietal lobe caudal to the postcentral gyrus. It is bounded approximately by the postcentral sulcus, the splenial sulcus and the parieto-occipital sulcus. It is composed of the area 5 of Brodmann (human), the area 7 of Brodmann (human), the area 40 of Brodmann (human) and the area 39 of Brodmann ( Brodmann-1909 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"parietal region","synonymSource":"Garey-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Brodmann's 'Localisation in the Cerebral Cortex'","pubMedHits":"872"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Regio parietalis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2431","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"103","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"occipital region","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2431","cDefinition":"refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined portion of the cerebral cortex. It occupies most of the occipital lobe and a portion of the temporal lobe. It is composed of the primary visual cortex, the area 18 of Brodmann (human) and the area 19 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"occipital region","synonymSource":"Garey-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Brodmann's 'Localisation in the Cerebral Cortex'","pubMedHits":"925"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Regio occipitalis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"1"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2432","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"104","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"temporal region","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2432","cDefinition":"refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined portion of the cerebral cortex. It occupies most of the temporal lobe. It is composed of the area 52 of Brodmann (human), the area 41 of Brodmann (human), the area 42 of Brodmann (human), the area 22 of Brodmann (human), the area 21 of Brodmann (human), the area 20 of Brodmann (human), the area 36 of Brodmann (human), the area 37 of Brodmann (human) and the area 38 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"temporal region","synonymSource":"Garey-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Brodmann's 'Localisation in the Cerebral Cortex'","pubMedHits":"1297"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Regio temporalis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2433","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"105","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"insular region","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2433","cDefinition":"originally referred to a cytoarchitecturally defined portion of the cerebral cortex that occupies all of the insula and immediately adjacent portions of surrounding frontal lobe and temporal lobe ( Brodmann-1909 ). Subsequently it has come to refer to one of three components of the olfactocentric division of the paralimbic regions( Mesulam-1984 ). The other components are the orbitofrontal region and the temporopolar region.\r\nThe three regions surround and radiate from the piriform area ( allocortex ) into the corresponding insula, orbital gyri and polar portion of the superior temporal gyrus. Each is subdivided into an agranular ( periallocortex ) belt, a dysgranular ( proisocortex ) belt and a granular ( true isocortex ) belt, which is continous with granular areas of surrounding neocortex: the primary somatosensory cortex, the secondary somatosensory cortex and the retroinsular area.\r\nThe corresponding subdivisions of the insular region are the agranular insula, the dysgranular insula, and the granular insula ( Mesulam-1984 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"insular region","synonymSource":"Garey-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Brodmann's 'Localisation in the Cerebral Cortex'","pubMedHits":"78"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"insula region","synonymSource":"Mesulam-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"The insula of Reil in man and monkey: Architectonics, connectivity, and function","pubMedHits":"13"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"insula region","synonymSource":"Mesulam-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"The insula of Reil in man and monkey: Architectonics, connectivity, and function","pubMedHits":"13"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Regio insularis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2434","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"106","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"cingulate region","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2434","cDefinition":"refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined portion of the cerebral cortex that occupies much of the medial surface of the hemisphere surrounding the corpus callosum. It is composed of the area 23 of Brodmann (human), the area 31 of Brodmann (human), the area 24 of Brodmann (human), the area 25 of Brodmann (human), the area 33 of Brodmann, the area 32 of Brodmann (human) and the area 32 of Brodmann (guenon) ( Brodmann-1909 ). See also cingulate cortex.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"cingulate region","synonymSource":"Garey-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Brodmann's 'Localisation in the Cerebral Cortex'","pubMedHits":"96"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Regio cingularis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"2"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2435","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"110","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Area cingularis intermedia","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2435","cDefinition":"refers to a transition zone between cytoarchitecturally defined portions of the cingulate region, namely, the Subregio praecingularis and the Subregio postcingularis. While described by Brodmann ( Brodmann-1909 ), it is not represented in the areal map of human cortex in that publication.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area cingularis intermedia","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2436","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"111","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"retrosplenial area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2436","cDefinition":"","parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"periallocortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"2315","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2315","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2437","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"112","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"hippocampal region (Brodmann)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2437","cDefinition":"refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined portion of the cerebral cortex in the human. It is largely located on the medial surface of the temporal lobe adjacent to the hippocampal formation. It is composed of the presubiculum, the entorhinal area, the perirhinal area and area 48 of Brodmann ( Brodmann-1909 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"hippocampal region","synonymSource":"Garey-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Brodmann's 'Localisation in the Cerebral Cortex'","pubMedHits":"890"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"hippocampal region (Brodmann)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Regio hippocampica","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2438","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"115","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"mammillothalamic tract","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2438","cDefinition":"refers to a fiber pathway that originates from neurons in the posterior hypothalamic region and projects to various nuclei of the anterior nuclear group of the thalamus. It is a composite structure that consists of the mammillothalamic tract of the hypothalamus and the mammillothalamic tract of the thalamus ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"traktus mamillotalamik","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"mammillothalamic tract (Vicq d'Azyr)","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"mammillothalamic tract","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"60"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"mammillothalamic tract","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"60"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"mamillothalamic tract","synonymSource":"Szabo-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"A stereotaxic atlas of the brain of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)","pubMedHits":"29"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"mamillo-thalamic tract","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"11"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"fasciculus of Vicq d'Azyr","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"mamillothalamic fasciculus","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"bundle of Vicq d'Azyr","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"thalamomammillary fasciculus","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus mammillothalamicus","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculus mamillothalamicus","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Tractus mamillothalamicus","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus mamillo-thalamicus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Tractus mamillo-thalamicus","synonymSource":"Olszewski-1952","synonymSourceTitle":"The Thalamus Of The Macaca mulatta: An Atlas For Use With The Stereotaxic Instrument","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca nemestrina","synonymName":"Fasciculus mamillo-thalamicus","synonymSource":"Winters-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Brain Atlas For Macaca nemestrina","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"tractus mamillothalamique","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"tratto mammillotalamico","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"сосцевидно-таламический путь","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"мамилдярно-таламический тракт","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"сосцевидно-бугорный тракт","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Mozga Cheloveka (Atlas of the Human Brain)","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"medial forebrain bundle system, hypothalamus mammillary related","parentNeuroNamesId":"3029","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3029","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2439","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"116","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"cuneate fasciculus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2439","cDefinition":"refers to a bundle of ascending fibers that make up the lateral portion of the posterior white column of the spinal cord. The fibers originate in the upper thoracic segments and cervical segments of the cord and terminate in the cuneate nucleus of the medulla ( Carpenter-1983 ). The cuneate fasciculus includes the cuneate fasciculus of the spinal cord and the cuneate fasciculus of the medulla.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fasikul kuneat","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"cuneate fascicle (Burdach)","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral fasciculus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1991","synonymSourceTitle":"Core Text of Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"9"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cuneate fasciculus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"20"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"cuneate fasciculus","synonymSource":"Martin-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Template Atlas of the Primate Brain","pubMedHits":"20"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"cuneate fasciculus","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"20"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"cuneate fascicle","synonymSource":"Szabo-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"A stereotaxic atlas of the brain of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"cuneate fascicle","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"tract of Burdach","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"column of Burdach","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus spinobulbaris lateralis","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculus cuneatus","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"26"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca nemestrina","synonymName":"Fasciculus cuneatus","synonymSource":"Winters-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Brain Atlas For Macaca nemestrina","pubMedHits":"26"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Funiculus cuneatus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Pars lateralis fasciculi dorsalis (Burdach)","synonymSource":"Oertel-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"Zur zyto- und myeloarchitektonik des Rhombencephalon des Rhesusaffen (Macaca mulatta Zimmerman)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Tractus spinobulbaris partis lateralis (Burdach)","synonymSource":"Oertel-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"Zur zyto- und myeloarchitektonik des Rhombencephalon des Rhesusaffen (Macaca mulatta Zimmerman)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculus cuneatus (Burdach)","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Burdach-Strang","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Cuneatusfasern","synonymSource":"Mai-2002","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Kuneatusfasern","synonymSource":"Kahle-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"Taschenatlas der Anatomie
\r\nVolume 3: Nervensystem und Sinnesorgane","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fascicolo cuneato","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"клиновидный канатик","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Mozga Cheloveka (Atlas of the Human Brain)","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"fascículo lateral","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"cuneate fasciculus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"fascículo cuneiforme","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"dorsal column","parentNeuroNamesId":"2681","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2681","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2440","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"117","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"gracile fasciculus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2440","cDefinition":"refers to a bundle of ascending fibers that make up the medial portion of the posterior white column of the spinal cord. The fibers arise from all levels of the cord and terminate in the gracile nucleus ( Carpenter-1983 ). The gracile fasciculus includes the gracile fasciculus of the spinal cord and the gracile fasciculus of the medulla.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fasikel grasil","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"gracile fasciculus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"25"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"gracile fasciculus","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"25"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"gracile fascicle","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"7"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"fasciculus of Goll","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"tract of Gall","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"column of Goll","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial fasciculus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1991","synonymSourceTitle":"Core Text of Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculus gracilis (Goll)","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus spinobulbaris medialis","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculus gracilis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"89"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca nemestrina","synonymName":"Fasciculus gracilis","synonymSource":"Winters-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Brain Atlas For Macaca nemestrina","pubMedHits":"89"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Funiculus gracilis","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Pars medialis fasciculi dorsalis (Goll)","synonymSource":"Oertel-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"Zur zyto- und myeloarchitektonik des Rhombencephalon des Rhesusaffen (Macaca mulatta Zimmerman)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Tractus spinobulbaris partis medialis (Goll)","synonymSource":"Oertel-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"Zur zyto- und myeloarchitektonik des Rhombencephalon des Rhesusaffen (Macaca mulatta Zimmerman)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculus gracilis (Goll-Strang)","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Grazilisfasern","synonymSource":"Kahle-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"Taschenatlas der Anatomie
\r\nVolume 3: Nervensystem und Sinnesorgane","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Goll'scher Strang","synonymSource":"Mai-2002","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"fascicolo gracile","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"нежный канатик","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Mozga Cheloveka (Atlas of the Human Brain)","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"fasciculus gracilis","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"fascículo delgado","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"fascículo medial","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"dorsal column","parentNeuroNamesId":"2681","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2681","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2441","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"119","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"superficial features","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2441","cDefinition":"represents two categories of superficial feature of the brain. 1) \"Surface features\" are topological landmarks on the surface of the brain that do not occupy volume; for example, the inferior olive is the protruding surface of the medulla that represents the outer boundary of the inferior olivary complex. 2) \"Appendages\" represent the other category of superficial feature. They are volumetric structures that are not part of the brain but that are attached to its surface. The cranial nerves, for example, are appendages.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superficial features","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"19"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Facies superficiales","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2442","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"120","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2442","cDefinition":"","parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2443","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"121","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2443","cDefinition":"","parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2444","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"122","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"molecular layer of the cerebral cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2444","cDefinition":"is a cytoarchitectural term that denotes the most superficial horizontal layer of the cerebral cortex. It is layer I in neocortex ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"molecular layer of the cerebral cortex","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"plexiform layer of cerebral cortex","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Layer I","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"828"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"isocortex, molecular layer","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lamina I","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"669"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Lamina zonalis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1905","synonymSourceTitle":"Beitraege zur histologischen Lokalisation der Grosshirnrinde: dritte Mitteilung: Die Rindenfelder der niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Stratum plexiforme","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lamina molecularis (cerebri)","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lamina plexiformis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Stratum moleculare","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"147"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"Molecularschicht","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1905","synonymSourceTitle":"Beitraege zur histologischen Lokalisation der Grosshirnrinde: dritte Mitteilung: Die Rindenfelder der niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Molekularschicht","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Schicht I","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"strato molecolare","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"молекулярный слой","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"молекулярная пластинка","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"плексиформный слой","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Mozga Cheloveka (Atlas of the Human Brain)","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"capa molecular","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2445","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"123","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Stria laminae molecularis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2445","cDefinition":"is a myeloarchitectural term denoting a subdivision of the molecular layer of the cerebral cortex (layer I) ( Nomina-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Stria laminae molecularis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Stria laminae plexiformis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"полоска молекулярной пластинки","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2446","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"124","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"external granular layer","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2446","cDefinition":"is a cytoarchitectural term denoting the outermost layer of the cerebral cortex in which granule cells predominate. 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It includes the precentral region and the postcentral region which lie on opposite sides of the central sulcus ( Brodmann-1909 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Regio rolandica","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2461","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"144","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"supragranular layers","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2461","cDefinition":"is a cytoarchitectural term denoting two layers of the cerebral cortex, the external granular layer (II) and the external pyramidal layer (III), which are superficial to the internal granular layer (IV) ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"supragranular cortex","synonymSource":"Seltzer-1978","synonymSourceTitle":"Afferent cortical connections and architectonics of the superior temporal sulcus and surrounding cortex in the rhesus monkey","pubMedHits":"7"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"supragranular layers","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"318"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2462","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"145","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"white laminae of the cerebellum","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2462","cDefinition":"is a myeloarchitectural term denoting a subdivision of the cerebellar cortex ( Roberts-1970 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"white laminae of the cerebellum","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Laminae albae","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Laminae albae cerebelli","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"белые полоски","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2463","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"146","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"vermis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2463","cDefinition":"refers to the midline lobe of the cerebellum. It is a composite substructure of the cerebellar cortex. It includes the vermis of the anterior lobe, which consists of the lingula (I)*, the central lobule (II and III), and the culmen (IV and V); and the vermis of the posterior lobe, which consists of the declive (VI), the folium (rostral half of VII), the tuber (caudal half of VII), the pyramis (VIII), and the uvula (IX) ( Carpenter-1983 ).\r\n*Roman numerals represent the corresponding designations of lobules of the vermis by Larsell ( Larsell-1970; Larsell-1972 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"vermis","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"korteks vermis","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial cortical zone","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1991","synonymSourceTitle":"Core Text of Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"central lobe of the cerebellum","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"vermis of the cerebellum","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cerebellar vermis","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"1226"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"vermal region","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"11"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"vermal regions","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"11"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Vermis cerebelli","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"29"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Vermis (cerebelli)","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"29"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"mediane Zone des Kleinhirns","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Kleinhirnwurm","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Wurm","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"vermis","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"verme cerebellare","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"червячок мозжечка","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"червь мозжечка","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"vermis cerebeloso","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"zona cortical medial","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"cerebellar cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"647","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=647","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2464","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"147","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"folium-tuber","standardAcronym":"VII","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2464","cDefinition":"denotes a composite substructure of the vermis of the cerebellum, which includes the folium and tuber of the vermis ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lobule VII of cerebellar vermis","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"folium-tuber vermis","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"folium-tuber","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"5"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"7th Cerebellar lobule","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"lobule 7","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"lobule VII","synonymSource":"Madigan-1971","synonymSourceTitle":"Cerebellum of the Rhesus Monkey: Atlas of lobules, laminae, and folia, in sections","pubMedHits":"50"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"folium-tuber vermis (VII)","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"vermis of the posterior lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"673","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=673","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"vermis","parentNeuroNamesId":"2463","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2463","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2465","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"148","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"basal forebrain bundle","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2465","cDefinition":"refers to a fiber tract of reptiles and birds that is probably homologous to the ansa lenticularis and field H2 of mammals ( Carpenter-1983, Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"reptile","synonymName":"basal forebrain bundle","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"bird","synonymName":"basal forebrain fasciculus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"lateral forebrain bundle","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"56"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2466","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"149","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"orbitomeatal plane","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2466","cDefinition":"denotes a horizontal plane for brain stereotaxis based on cranial landmarks. It passes through the inferior margin of the orbits and the openings of the external auditory canals. Also known as the baseline of Reid, it lies10 millimeters ventral to the Horsley-Clarke zero plane ( Carpenter-1983, Winters-1969 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Frankfurt zero plane","synonymSource":"NeuroNames-2000","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Basihorizontal zeroplane","synonymSource":"Clarke-1920","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of photographs of frontal sections of the cranium and brain of the rhesus monkey (Macacus Rhesus)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"baseline of Reid","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca nemestrina","synonymName":"Horsley-Frankfurt zero reference line","synonymSource":"Winters-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Brain Atlas For Macaca nemestrina","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"orbitomeatal plane","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2467","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"150","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Horsley-Clarke zero plane","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2467","cDefinition":"denotes a horizontal plane for brain stereotaxis based on cranial landmarks. It is parallel to, and 10mm superior to the orbitomeatal plane, which passes through the inferior margins of the orbits and the interaural line ( Clarke-1920 ). It was the most common horizontal zero plane for brain atlases of nonhuman primates until noninvasive methods, such as ventriculography and magnetic resonance imaging, made it possible to visualize internal landmarks in the living brain. The zero horizontal plane for stereotaxis based on those methods is perpendicular to the midsagittal plane and passes through the bicommissural line ( Martin-2000 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Horsley-Clarke zero plane","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca nemestrina","synonymName":"Horsley-Clark zero stereotaxic reference","synonymSource":"Winters-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Brain Atlas For Macaca nemestrina","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"horizontal zero","synonymSource":"Szabo-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"A stereotaxic atlas of the brain of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Mid horizontal zeroplane","synonymSource":"Clarke-1920","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of photographs of frontal sections of the cranium and brain of the rhesus monkey (Macacus Rhesus)","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2468","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"151","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"basal lamina","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2468","cDefinition":"refers to a subcellular synaptic structure ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"basal lamina","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"4627"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2469","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"152","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"agranular cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2469","cDefinition":"is a cytoarchitecturally defined term denoting the type of heterotypic cortex that is distinguished by its relative thickness and lack of granule cells in both the external granular layer and the internal granular layer. For illustrations click 'Internal Structure' for area 4 of Brodmann (guenon) and area 6 of Brodmann (guenon). The agranular cortex of the frontal lobe is topologically equivalent to motor cortex in the human ( Brodmann-1909 ), the macaque ( Wise-1985a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"agranular cortex","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"109"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Type 1 of von Economo","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"agranular frontal cortex","synonymSource":"Matelli-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Motor Cortex","pubMedHits":"26"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"corteza agranular","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2470","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"153","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"modified granular cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2470","cDefinition":"is a cytoarchitecturally defined term denoting the type of heterotypic cortex that is distinguished by an atypical organizatio of granule cell layers. An example is the primary visual area, primary visual cortex where both the internal granular layer (IV) and the external pyramidal layer (III) divide into two or three sublayers ( Brodmann-1909; Crosby-1962 )..","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"modified granular cortex","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2471","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"154","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"granulous cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2471","cDefinition":"is a cytoarchitecturally defined term denoting a type of cerebral cortex that is extremely thin and contains primarily granule cells. An example is found in the region of the calcarine sulcus ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"granulous cortex","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"koniocortex","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"12"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Type 5 of von Economo","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"hypergranular cortex","synonymSource":"Roberts-1963","synonymSourceTitle":"Insular and opercular cortex and its thalamic projection in Macaca mulatta","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"coniocorteza","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2472","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"155","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"frontal type cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2472","cDefinition":"is a cytoarchitecturally defined term that refers to cerebral cortex in which the six layered composition is distinguished by a thick internal pyramidal layer (V) and external pyramidal layer (III) containing well developed pyramidal neurons ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"frontal type cortex","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"type 2 of von Economo","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2473","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"156","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"parietal type cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2473","cDefinition":"is a cytoarchitecturally defined term that refers to cerebral cortex in which the six layered composition is distinguished by a thickened highly cellular internal granular layer (IV) and external granular layer (II) ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"parietal type cortex","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"type 3 of von Economo","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2474","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"157","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"polar type cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2474","cDefinition":"is a cytoarchitecturally defined term that refers to cerebral cortex characterized by its thinness but which has a well developed internal granular layer (IV) and external granular layer (II), both of which contain large populations of cells. This type of cortex is found in the frontal pole, the temporal pole and the occipital pole of the cerebral cortex ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"polar type cortex","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"type 4 of von Economo","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2475","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"160","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"outer band of Baillarger","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2475","cDefinition":"is a myeloarchitectural term denoting a dense horizontal plexus of myelinated fibers coursing in the internal granular layer (layer IV) of cerebral cortex ( Crosby-1962, Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"external band of Baillarger","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"external stripe of Baillarger","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"outer band of Baillarger","synonymSource":"Pandya-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Intrinsic connections and architectonics of posterior parietal cortex in the rhesus monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"outer line of Baillarger","synonymSource":"Mesulam-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Insula of the Old World Monkey. I: Architectonics in the Insulo-orbito-temporal Component of the Paralimbic Brain","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Stria laminae granularis interna","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"äußere Baillarger-Streifen","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"полоска внутренней зернистой пластинки","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2476","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"162","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"inner band of Baillarger","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2476","cDefinition":"is a myeloarchitectural term denoting a dense horizontal plexus of myelinated fibers in the internal pyramidal layer (layer V) of cerebral cortex ( Crosby-1962, Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"internal band of Baillarger","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"internal stripe of Baillarger","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"inner stripe of Baillarger","synonymSource":"Pandya-1973","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic parcellation of the temporal operculum in rhesus monkey and its projection pattern","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"inner band of Baillarger","synonymSource":"Pandya-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Intrinsic connections and architectonics of posterior parietal cortex in the rhesus monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Stria laminae pyramidalis interna","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Stria laminae ganglionaris","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"innerer Baillarger-Streifen","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"полоска внутренней пирамидной пластинкн","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2477","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"164","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"corticohypothalamic fibers","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2477","cDefinition":"refers to axons originating in the cerebral cortex, primarily in the frontal lobe, the parietal lobe, the occipital lobe and the cingulate gyrus and projecting to the hypothalamus. They are not readily distinguished in myelin stained sections ( Parent-1996 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"corticohypothalamic fibers","synonymSource":"Parent-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Carpenter's Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2478","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"168","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"vermal zone of the cerebellum","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2478","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the cerebellum based on connectivity. It includes the fastigial nucleus and the vermis of the anterior lobe and vermis of the posterior lobe of the cerebellum with which that nucleus exchanges projections ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"vermal zone of the cerebellum","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"mediale Zone","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"zona vermale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"5"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"zona corticale mediale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"zona vermicular","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2479","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"169","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Paleothalamus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2479","cDefinition":"denotes a composite substructure of the thalamus based on comparative anatomy. It is found in lower vertebrates. The primate homologue is believed by some authors to include the midline nuclear group and a portion of the intralaminar nuclear group ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Paleothalamus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"1"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2480","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"170","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Substantia nigra (Francois)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2480","cDefinition":"represents an alternate definition of substantia nigra ( Francois-1984 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Substantia nigra (Francois)","synonymSource":"Francois-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"Localization of nigrostriatal, nigrothalamic and nigrotectal neurons in ventricular coordinates in macaques","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2481","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"171","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Substantia nigra (Poirier)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2481","cDefinition":"represents an alternate definition of substantia nigra that includes the substantia nigra and the parabrachial pigmented nucleus of the ventral tegmental area ( Poirier-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Substantia nigra (Poirier)","synonymSource":"Poirier-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative morphology of the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area in the monkey, cat and rat","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2482","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"172","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Subnucleus compactus, pars beta","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2482","cDefinition":"represents a subdivision of substantia nigra based on an alternate segmentation of that structure ( Olszewski-1954 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Subnucleus compactus, pars beta","synonymSource":"Olszewski-1954","synonymSourceTitle":"Cytoarchitecture Of The Human Brainstem","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2483","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"173","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Subnucleus compactus, pars alpha","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2483","cDefinition":"represents a subdivision of substantia nigra based on an alternate segmentation of that structure ( Olszewski-1954 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Subnucleus compactus, pars alpha","synonymSource":"Olszewski-1954","synonymSourceTitle":"Cytoarchitecture Of The Human Brainstem","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2484","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"174","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Subnucleus compactus, pars gamma","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2484","cDefinition":"represents a subdivision of substantia nigra based on an alternate segmentation of that structure ( Olszewski-1954 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Subnucleus compactus, pars gamma","synonymSource":"Olszewski-1954","synonymSourceTitle":"Cytoarchitecture Of The Human Brainstem","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2485","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"175","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Subnucleus compactus (Olszewski & Baxter)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2485","cDefinition":"represents a subdivision of the substantia nigra based on an alternate segmentation of that structure ( Olszewski-1954 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Subnucleus compactus (Olszewski & Baxter)","synonymSource":"Olszewski-1954","synonymSourceTitle":"Cytoarchitecture Of The Human Brainstem","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2486","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"176","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Subnucleus reticulatus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2486","cDefinition":"represents a subdivision of the substantia nigra based on an alternate segmentation of that structure ( Olszewski-1954 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Subnucleus reticulatus","synonymSource":"Olszewski-1954","synonymSourceTitle":"Cytoarchitecture Of The Human Brainstem","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2487","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"177","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus substantia nigrae","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2487","cDefinition":"represents an alternate definition of the substantia nigra ( Olszewski-1954 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus substantia nigrae","synonymSource":"Olszewski-1954","synonymSourceTitle":"Cytoarchitecture Of The Human Brainstem","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2488","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"178","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Substantia nigra, pars compacta (Francois)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2488","cDefinition":"represents a subdivision of substantia nigra based on an alternate segmentation of that structure ( Francois-1984 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Substantia nigra, pars compacta (Francois)","synonymSource":"Francois-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"Localization of nigrostriatal, nigrothalamic and nigrotectal neurons in ventricular coordinates in macaques","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2489","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"182","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Substantia nigra, pars reticulata (Francois)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2489","cDefinition":"represents a subdivision of the substantia nigra based on an alternate segmentation of that structure ( Francois-1984 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Substantia nigra, pars reticulata (Francois)","synonymSource":"Francois-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"Localization of nigrostriatal, nigrothalamic and nigrotectal neurons in ventricular coordinates in macaques","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2490","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"185","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"pars reticulata (Crosby)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2490","cDefinition":"represents an alternative segmentation of the substantia nigra in which the term applies only to a part of the structure. In this case, it refers to the more medial of two parts of the pars reticulata. The other is the pars lateralis of the substantia nigra ( Crosby-1962, Poirier-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"substantia nigra, reticular part","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"pars reticulata (Crosby)","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"Pars reticulata, subnucleus medialis","synonymSource":"Poirier-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative morphology of the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area in the monkey, cat and rat","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2491","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"186","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Colliculus superior, stratum intermedium","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2491","cDefinition":"is a cytoarchitectural term denoting a substructure of the superior colliculus that appears to consist of the middle gray layer of the superior colliculus and the middle white layer of the superior colliculus ( Kusama-1970 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fuscata","synonymName":"Colliculus superior, stratum intermedium","synonymSource":"Kusama-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Brain of Macaca fuscata","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2492","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"187","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Colliculus superior, stratum profundum","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2492","cDefinition":"is a cytoarchitectural term denoting a substructure of the superior colliculus that appears to consist of the deep gray layer of the superior colliculus and the deep white layer of the superior colliculus ( Kusama-1970, Riley-1943 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fuscata","synonymName":"Colliculus superior, stratum profundum","synonymSource":"Kusama-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Brain of Macaca fuscata","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Stratum profundum colliculi superioris","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Stratum profundum quadrigemini anterioris","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Stratum profundum tecti","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Stratum profundum medullare","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fibrae marginalis tecti","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"strato profundo","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2493","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"188","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Colliculus superior, stratum superficiale","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2493","cDefinition":"is a cytoarchitectural term denoting a substructure of the superior colliculus that appears to consist of the zonal layer of the superior colliculus, the superficial gray layer of the superior colliculus and the superficial white layer of the superior colliculus ( Kusama-1970 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fuscata","synonymName":"Colliculus superior, stratum superficiale","synonymSource":"Kusama-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Brain of Macaca fuscata","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2494","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"189","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"median raphe","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2494","cDefinition":"denotes a substructure of the medulla that overlaps but is not totally coincident with the raphe nuclei of the medulla of the NeuroNames hierarchy ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"median raphe","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"854"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Raphe medullae oblongatae","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"ядра срединного шва","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"срединный шов","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2495","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"190","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"raphe nuclei (classical)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2495","cDefinition":"denotes a composite substructure that includes nuclei in the midline of the reticular formation (classical) of the upper cerebrospinal trunk extending from the caudal medulla to the midbrain. It includes the raphe nuclei of the medulla ( nucleus raphe magnus, nucleus raphe obscurus and nucleus raphe pallidus); the nucleus raphe pontis and the inferior central nucleus of the pontine reticular formation and the dorsal raphe nucleus and the median raphe nucleus of the midbrain reticular formation ( Carpenter-1983 ). Recent authors include the caudal linear nucleus of the raphe ( Hornung-2012 ) or both the caudal and the rostral linear nucleus of the raphe ( Paxinos-2012 ).\r\nAll of the nuclei except the rostral linear nucleus overlap the serotonergic cell groups ( Hornung-2012 ). They are found in the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). See also raphe nuclei (functional).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nukleus raphe","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"raphe nuclei","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"4759"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nuclei raphae","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca nemestrina","synonymName":"Nucleus raphe","synonymSource":"Winters-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Brain Atlas For Macaca nemestrina","pubMedHits":"919"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Nuclei raphes","synonymSource":"Oertel-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"Zur zyto- und myeloarchitektonik des Rhombencephalon des Rhesusaffen (Macaca mulatta Zimmerman)","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Nucleus of the raphe","synonymSource":"Smith-1972","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Brainstem For Macaca mulatta In The Sitting Position","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Raphekerne","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"78"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nuclei del rafe","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"núcleos del rafe","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2496","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"191","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"paraoptic nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2496","cDefinition":"refers to a cell group located dorsal to the supraoptic nucleus ( Mai-1997 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"paraoptic nucleus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus paraopticus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2497","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"192","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"cerebral ventricles","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2497","cDefinition":"refers to a composite, fluid-filled substructure of the brain that includes the left lateral ventricle and the right lateral ventricle of the endbrain. Each lateral ventricle connects via an interventricular foramen to the third ventricle. The third ventricle, which separates the left and right parts of the interbrain, connects via the cerebral aqueduct to the fourth ventricle. The fourth ventricle, in turn, connects to the central canal of the spinal cord. They are intercommunicating cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventrikulus","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"sistem bilik","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventricular system","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"1132"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"ventricular system","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"1132"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"ventricular systems","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"36"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventricles of the brain","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cerebral ventricles","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"9730"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"innerer Liquorraum des Gehirns","synonymSource":"Mai-2002","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Ventrikelsystem","synonymSource":"Kahle-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"Taschenatlas der Anatomie
\r\nVolume 3: Nervensystem und Sinnesorgane","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Hohlraumsystem des Gehirns","synonymSource":"Mai-2002","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Hirnkammern","synonymSource":"Schultze-1993","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomisches Wörterbuch","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"желудочки головного мозга","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Mozga Cheloveka (Atlas of the Human Brain)","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{},{"parentStandardName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","parentNeuroNamesId":"2868","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2868","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2498","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"193","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2498","cDefinition":"","parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2499","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"194","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"vesicles of the brain","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2499","cDefinition":"refers to major divisions of the embryonic brain ( Anthoney-1994 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"vesicles of the brain","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2500","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"195","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"horns of the lateral ventricle","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2500","cDefinition":"refers to the extremities of the lateral ventricle. They include the frontal horn of the lateral ventricle, the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle and the occipital horn of the lateral ventricle ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"horns of the lateral ventricle","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2613","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area OAa of Seltzer","standardAcronym":"OAa","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2613","cDefinition":"refers to an area of cerebral cortex in the macaque that is defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture. It is located in the lateral wall and floor of the superior temporal sulcus internal to area OA of Bonin and lateral to area PGa of Seltzer. It differs from area OA in that it has a thinner internal granular layer (IV), a more prominent multiform layer (VI) and its external pyramidal layer (III) is considerably larger than its internal pyramidal layer (V). The part of the OAa located in the floor of the sulcus has a columnar appearance that is different from that in the lower bank of the sulcus. The inner band of Baillarger is better developed than in area OA and the outer band of Baillarger is less compact than in OA ( Seltzer-1978 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area OAa of Seltzer","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area OAa","synonymSource":"Seltzer-1978","synonymSourceTitle":"Afferent cortical connections and architectonics of the superior temporal sulcus and surrounding cortex in the rhesus monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2616","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"7623172","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area PEa of Pandya","standardAcronym":"PEa","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2616","cDefinition":"refers to an area of cerebral cortex in the macaque that is defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture. It is located in the dorsal bank of the intraparietal suclus. The external pyramidal layer (III) contains fewer type IIIc cells than area PE of Pandya; the internal granular layer (IV) is even less prominent the in area PE; the multiform layer (VI) is more prominent and the plexus of myelinated fibers there is less prominent. It does not correspond to areas defined by previous authors ( Pandya-1982 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area PEa of Pandya","synonymSource":"Pandya-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Intrinsic connections and architectonics of posterior parietal cortex in the rhesus monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2618","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"thoracic column","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2618","cDefinition":"refers to a nucleus of round or oval cells located in the medial part of lamina VII in the spinal central gray of thoracic segments and upper lumbar segments of the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). It is also commonly known as Clarke's column. In the functional model of central nervous system organization it is classified as part of the subcortical somatosensory system ( Swanson-2004 ) (see Models Where It Appears below).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nukleus torakal Clarke","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nukleus dorsal Clarke","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"thoracic column","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"10"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Stilling's nucleus","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Stilling's column","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior thoracic nucleus","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal nucleus of Clarke","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal nucleus (Clarke)","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Clarke's nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"54"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Clarke's column","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"131"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cell column of Clarke","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"dorsal nucleus of the spinal cord, general","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus thoracicus posterior","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus thoracicus of Clarke","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus dorsalis of Clarke","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Columna thoracica","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Stilling-Clarke'sche-Säule","synonymSource":"Mai-2002","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Stilling-Clarke-Säule","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo toracico","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo dorsale di Clarke","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"ядро Кларка","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"грудное ядро","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"núcleo torácico","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"núcleo dorsal de Clarke","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"lamina VII","parentNeuroNamesId":"1700","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1700","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"intermediate gray column","parentNeuroNamesId":"3358","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3358","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2619","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"spinal central gray","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2619","cDefinition":"refers to the gray substance of the spinal cord. Continuous with the central gray of the medulla, it is found in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ), the macaque ( NeuroNames ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ), and the mouse ( NeuroNames ). Functionally it is part of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"central gray substance of the spinal cord","synonymSource":"Ellis-1869","synonymSourceTitle":"Demonstrations of anatomy: Being a Guide to the Knowledge of the Human Body by Dissection ","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"spinal gray","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"249"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"grey matter of the spinal cord","synonymSource":"Lockhart-1959","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomy of the Human Body","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"spinal central gray","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"cat","synonymName":"central grey substance","synonymSource":"Rexed-1964","synonymSourceTitle":"Some Aspects of the Cytoarchitectonics and Synaptology of the Spinal Cord","pubMedHits":"10"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"cat","synonymName":"spinal cord grey matter","synonymSource":"Rexed-1964","synonymSourceTitle":"Some Aspects of the Cytoarchitectonics and Synaptology of the Spinal Cord","pubMedHits":"27"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"central gray of the spinal cord","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"spinal cord","parentNeuroNamesId":"855","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=855","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"subcortical motor system","parentNeuroNamesId":"2876","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2876","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2620","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventral root fibers","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2620","cDefinition":"refers to fibers that exit the spinal cord in the anterolateral sulcus of the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventral root fibers","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"25"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"ventral roots","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"883"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventral spinal roots","synonymSource":"Swanson-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture: Understanding the Basic Plan","pubMedHits":"60"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"ventral roots","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"883"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Radices ventrales nervi spinales","synonymSource":"Nieuwenhuys-1987","synonymSourceTitle":"Illustrations of the gross anatomy of the brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"radice ventrale del nervo spinale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"craniospinal nerves","parentNeuroNamesId":"3004","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3004","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2621","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsolateral fasciculus of the spinal cord","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2621","cDefinition":"refers to a bundle of nerve fibers located between the posterior white column and the lateral white column and bounded ventromedially by the posterior gray column of the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsolateral fasciculus of the spinal cord","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"zone of Lissauer","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"tract of Lissauer","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"24"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lissauer's tract","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"100"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsolateral zone","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"11"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsolateral tract","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"5"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Lissauer's marginal zone","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterolateral tract","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"fasciculus dorsolateralis","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Zona terminalis","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus dorsolateralis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"lateral white column","parentNeuroNamesId":"1673","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1673","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2632","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsomedial funiculus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2632","cDefinition":"refers to a spinal cord structure ( Dorland-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsomedial funiculus","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"2"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2633","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"head of the posterior horn","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2633","cDefinition":"refers to an oval or fusiform part of the posterior gray column of the spinal cord ( Gray-1918a; Crosby-1962 ). At its widest it corresponds approximately to the junction of the histologically defined lamina II and lamina III ( Jastrow-2007 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"head of posterior horn of spinal cord","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"head of dorsal horn of spinal cord","synonymSource":"Dorland-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Healthcare Consumers","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"head of the posterior horn","synonymSource":"Cunningham-1906","synonymSourceTitle":"Text-book of Anatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Caput cornus posterioris","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Caput cornus dorsalis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Caput cornuis dorsalis","synonymSource":"Jastrow-2007","synonymSourceTitle":"Histologischer Atlas im Internet","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Mixed","organism":"human","synonymName":"Caput of dorsal horn","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2634","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterior spino-olivary tract","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2634","cDefinition":"refers to a bundle of fibers that arise at all spinal levels, cross the midline, ascend contralaterally in the anterior white column of the spinal cord and terminate in the dorsal accessory nucleus of the inferior olive and the medial accessory nucleus of the inferior olive in the medulla ( Oscarsson-1977; Carpenter-1983 ). It consists of the anterior spino-olivary tract of the spinal cord and the anterior spino-olivary tract of the medulla.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior spino-olivary tract","synonymSource":"Oscarsson-1977","synonymSourceTitle":"The ventral spino-olivocerebellar system in the cat III. Functional characteristics of the five paths\n","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior spino-olivary pathway","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2635","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterior spino-olivary tract","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2635","cDefinition":"refers to a bundle of fibers that originate at all levels of the spinal cord, ascend in the posterior white column of the spinal cord and terminate in the gracile nucleus and the cuneate nucleus of the medulla, which project in turn to parts of the inferior olivary complex ( Carpenter-1983 ). It consists of the posterior spino-olivary tract of the spinal cord and the posterior spino-olivary tract of the medulla.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior spino-olivary tract","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior spino-olivary pathway","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2636","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterior superior temporal sulcus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2636","cDefinition":"refers to the portion of the superior temporal sulcus that does not include the angular sulcus ( Duvernoy-1992 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"anterior superior temporal sulcus","synonymSource":"Eifuku-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuronal correlates of face identification in the monkey anterior temporal cortical areas","pubMedHits":"26"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superior temporal sulcus main body","synonymSource":"LONI-2007","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon paralléle, partie antérieur","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2637","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterior superior temporal sulcus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2637","cDefinition":"refers to the combination of the angular sulcus and the superior temporal sulcus posterior branch ( Duvernoy-1992 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior superior temporal sulcus","synonymSource":"Price-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"The anatomy of language: contributions from functional neuroimaging","pubMedHits":"137"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon paralléle, partie postérieur","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2638","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"superior temporal sulcus posterior branch","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2638","cDefinition":"refers to a superficial feature of the parietal lobe. It is one of two branches of the posterior superior temporal sulcus that occur in some individuals; the other is the angular sulcus ( Duvernoy-1992 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superior temporal sulcus posterior branch","synonymSource":"LONI-2007","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon paralléle, partie postérieur, segment horizontal","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2639","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterior cortical amygdalar nucleus","standardAcronym":"ACo","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2639","cDefinition":"refers to one of two subdivisions of the cortical amygdalar nucleus as identified by multiple criteria. It is located rostral to the other subdivision, the posterior cortical amygdalar nucleus. In the human ( Mai-1997 ) and the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ) its surface is the posterior part of the periamygdalar area of the parahippocampal gyrus on the medial surface of the temporal lobe; internally it extends ventromedially from the medial amygdalar nucleus. In the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ) it is located on the ventromedial surface of the cerebral hemisphere and extends laterally from the medial amygdalar nucleus. The nomenclature, boundaries and internal subdivisions of the structure vary greatly from author to author depending on species and method of identification.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"cortical amygdalar area, anterior part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"cortical amygdalar area, anterior part","synonymSource":"Dong-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Somatosensory, multisensory, and task-related neurons in cortical area 7b (PF) of unanesthetized monkeys","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"cortical amygdalar nucleus, anterior part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"cortical nucleus of the amygdala, anterior part","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventral cortical amygdaloid nucleus, rostral division","synonymSource":"Olmos-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Amygdala","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior cortical amygdaloid nucleus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"12"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"anterior cortical amygdalar nucleus","synonymSource":"BrainInfo-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"BrainInfo\r\n","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"anterior cortical nucleus of the amygdala","synonymSource":"Amaral-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomical organization of the primate amygdaloid complex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus amygdaloideus corticalis anterior","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cortical amygdalar nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"240","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=240","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2640","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterior cortical amygdalar nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2640","cDefinition":"refers to one of two subdivisions of the cortical amygdalar nucleus as identified by multiple criteria. It is located caudal to the other subdivision, the anterior cortical amygdalar nucleus. In the human ( Mai-1997 ) and the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ) its surface is the anterior part of the periamygdalar area of the parahippocampal gyrus on the medial surface of the temporal lobe. In the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ) it is located on the ventral surface of the cerebral hemisphere medial to the piriform area. The boundaries and internal subdivisions of the structure vary from author to author depending on species and method of identification. In the human it is divided into the dorsal part of the posterior cortical nucleus and ventral part of the posterior cortical nucleus ( Mai-1997 ); some authors include an intermediate part of the posterior cortical nucleus ( Olmos-2004 ). In the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ) it is divided into a posterolateral cortical amygdalar nucleus and posteromedial cortical amygdalar nucleus.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"cortical amygdalar area, posterior part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"cortical amygdalar area, posterior part","synonymSource":"Dong-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Somatosensory, multisensory, and task-related neurons in cortical area 7b (PF) of unanesthetized monkeys","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"cortical amygdalar nucleus, posterior part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior cortical amygdaloid nucleus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"posterior cortical amygdalar nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventral cortical amygdaloid nucleus, caudal division","synonymSource":"Olmos-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Amygdala","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior cortical amygdaloid nucleus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"caudal VCo division","synonymSource":"Olmos-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Amygdala","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus amygdaloideus corticalis posterior","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cortical amygdalar nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"240","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=240","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2641","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"descending branches of the dorsal root fibers","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2641","cDefinition":"refers to fibers in the posterior white column of the spinal cord. They make up the semilunar tract in the cervical segments and thoracic segments, the septomarginal tract in the lumbar segments and the tract of Phillippe-Gombault in the sacral segments ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"descending branches of the dorsal root fibers","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"posterior white column","parentNeuroNamesId":"1692","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1692","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2642","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"spinal white matter","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2642","cDefinition":"refers to the white substance of the spinal cord ( Nomina-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"spinal white matter","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"76"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Substantia alba","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"21"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Substance des Rückenmarks","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"spinal cord","parentNeuroNamesId":"855","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=855","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2643","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"isthmus of the corpus callosum","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2643","cDefinition":"refers to one of seven parts of the corpus callosum (Witelson). Referred to as 'Region 6', it represents the posterior one-third of the corpus callosum minus the splenium of the corpus callosum ( Witelson-1989 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"isthmus","synonymSource":"Witelson-1989","synonymSourceTitle":"Hand and sex differences in the isthmus and genu of the human corpus callosum. A postmortem morphological study","pubMedHits":"3537"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"region 6","synonymSource":"Witelson-1989","synonymSourceTitle":"Hand and sex differences in the isthmus and genu of the human corpus callosum. A postmortem morphological study","pubMedHits":"265"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Cebus apella","synonymName":"isthmus","synonymSource":"Phillips-2007","synonymSourceTitle":"Corpus Callosum Morphology in Capuchin Monkeys Is Influenced by Sex and Handedness","pubMedHits":"3537"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"chimpanzee","synonymName":"isthmus","synonymSource":"Dunham-2006","synonymSourceTitle":"Sex and handedness effects on corpus callosum morphology in Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)","pubMedHits":"3537"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"isthmus of the corpus callosum","synonymSource":"Zaidel-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"The Parallel Brain: The Cognitive Neuroscience of the Corpus Callosum","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2644","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"corpus callosum (Witelson)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2644","cDefinition":"refers to an alternative segmentation of the corpus callosum as defined by dissection. Measurements are based on division of the midsagittal plane of the human corpus callosum into seven parts. The parts are defined by dividing the corpus callosum into halves, thirds, and the posterior one-fifth. Referred to by the author as ‘Regions 1-7’, they are the rostrum of the corpus callosum, genu of the corpus callosum, rostral body of the corpus callosum, anterior midbody of the corpus callosum, posterior midbody of the corpus callosum, isthmus of the corpus callosum and splenium of the corpus callosum ( Witelson-1989 ). Although Witelson applied this segmentation to the human corpus callosum, later studies have applied the method to different species, such as the chimpanzee ( Dunham-2006 ) and the capuchin ( Phillips-2007 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"corpus callosum (Witelson)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"human corpus callosum","synonymSource":"Witelson-1989","synonymSourceTitle":"Hand and sex differences in the isthmus and genu of the human corpus callosum. A postmortem morphological study","pubMedHits":"74"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2645","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"rostral body of the corpus callosum","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2645","cDefinition":"refers to one of seven parts of the corpus callosum (Witelson). Referred to as 'Region 3', It represents the anterior one-third of the corpus callosum minus the rostrum of the corpus callosum and the genu of the corpus callosum ( Witelson-1989 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"rostral body","synonymSource":"Witelson-1989","synonymSourceTitle":"Hand and sex differences in the isthmus and genu of the human corpus callosum. A postmortem morphological study","pubMedHits":"30"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"region 3","synonymSource":"Witelson-1989","synonymSourceTitle":"Hand and sex differences in the isthmus and genu of the human corpus callosum. A postmortem morphological study","pubMedHits":"1495"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Cebus apella","synonymName":"rostral body","synonymSource":"Phillips-2007","synonymSourceTitle":"Corpus Callosum Morphology in Capuchin Monkeys Is Influenced by Sex and Handedness","pubMedHits":"30"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"chimpanzee","synonymName":"rostrum body","synonymSource":"Dunham-2006","synonymSourceTitle":"Sex and handedness effects on corpus callosum morphology in Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"rostral body of the corpus callosum","synonymSource":"Goldstein-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Handbook of Neurodevelopmental and Genetic Disorders in Children","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Region 3","synonymSource":"Witelson-1989","synonymSourceTitle":"Hand and sex differences in the isthmus and genu of the human corpus callosum. A postmortem morphological study","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2646","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterior midbody of the corpus callosum","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2646","cDefinition":"refers to one of seven parts of the corpus callosum (Witelson). Referred to as 'Region 4', it represents the anterior half of the corpus callosum minus the rostral body of the corpus callosum, the genu of the corpus callosum and the rostrum of the corpus callosum ( Witelson-1989 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior midbody","synonymSource":"Witelson-1989","synonymSourceTitle":"Hand and sex differences in the isthmus and genu of the human corpus callosum. A postmortem morphological study","pubMedHits":"15"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"region 4","synonymSource":"Witelson-1989","synonymSourceTitle":"Hand and sex differences in the isthmus and genu of the human corpus callosum. A postmortem morphological study","pubMedHits":"572"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Cebus apella","synonymName":"anterior midbody","synonymSource":"Phillips-2007","synonymSourceTitle":"Corpus Callosum Morphology in Capuchin Monkeys Is Influenced by Sex and Handedness","pubMedHits":"15"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"chimpanzee","synonymName":"anterior midbody","synonymSource":"Dunham-2006","synonymSourceTitle":"Sex and handedness effects on corpus callosum morphology in Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)","pubMedHits":"15"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior midbody of the corpus callosum","synonymSource":"Coggins-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Bilingual corpus callosum variability","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2647","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterior midbody of the corpus callosum","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2647","cDefinition":"refers to one of seven parts of the corpus callosum (Witelson). Referred to as 'Region 5', it represents the posterior half of the corpus callosum minus the isthmus of the corpus callosum and the splenium of the corpus callosum ( Witelson-1989 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior midbody ","synonymSource":"Witelson-1989","synonymSourceTitle":"Hand and sex differences in the isthmus and genu of the human corpus callosum. A postmortem morphological study","pubMedHits":"22"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"region 5","synonymSource":"Witelson-1989","synonymSourceTitle":"Hand and sex differences in the isthmus and genu of the human corpus callosum. A postmortem morphological study","pubMedHits":"573"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Cebus apella","synonymName":"posterior midbody","synonymSource":"Phillips-2007","synonymSourceTitle":"Corpus Callosum Morphology in Capuchin Monkeys Is Influenced by Sex and Handedness","pubMedHits":"22"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"chimpanzee","synonymName":"posterior midbody","synonymSource":"Dunham-2006","synonymSourceTitle":"Sex and handedness effects on corpus callosum morphology in Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)","pubMedHits":"22"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior midbody of the corpus callosum","synonymSource":"Kana-2006","synonymSourceTitle":"Sentence comprehension in autism: thinking in pictures with decreased functional connectivity","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2648","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"superior lingual gyrus (human)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2648","cDefinition":"refers to one of two subdivisions of the lingual gyrus, which occur in some instances when the intralingual sulcus is present; the other is the inferior lingual gyrus ( Duvernoy-1992 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superior lingual gyrus","synonymSource":"Bigler-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroimaging I: Basic Science","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"gyrus lingual, partie supérieure","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2649","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"inferior lingual gyrus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2649","cDefinition":"refers to one of two subdivisions of the lingual gyrus, which occur in some instances when the intralingual sulcus is present; the other is the superior lingual gyrus (human) ( Duvernoy-1992 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"inferior lingual gyrus","synonymSource":"Bigler-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroimaging I: Basic Science","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"gyrus lingual, partie inférieure","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2650","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"intra-occipital sulcus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2650","cDefinition":"refers to one of several small sulci bordering the superior occipital gyrus ( Stedman's-2006 ). It is a caudal continuation of the intraparietal sulcus ( Duvernoy-1992 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"intra-occipital sulcus","synonymSource":"Bigler-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroimaging I: Basic Science","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superior occipital sulcus","synonymSource":"Stedman's-2006","synonymSourceTitle":"Stedman's Medical Dictionary","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon occipital supérieur","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon intra-occipital","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2651","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"descending gyrus of Ecker","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2651","cDefinition":"refers to a vertical gyrus on the medial surface of the occipital lobe at the occipital pole of the human. It is bounded posteriorly by the inferior calcarine sulcus and the superior calcarine sulcus ( Duvernoy-1992 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"descending gyrus of Ecker","synonymSource":"Talairach-1993","synonymSourceTitle":"Referentially Oriented Cerebral MRI Anatomy: Atlas of Stereotaxic Anatomical Correlations for Gray and White Matter.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"gyrus descendens of Ecker","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"The Human Brain: Surface, Three-dimensional Sectional Anatomy with MRI, and Blood Supply","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"gyrus descendens de Ecker","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2652","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"retrocalcarine sulcus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2652","cDefinition":"refers to the combination of the inferior calcarine sulcus and the superior calcarine sulcus ( Duvernoy-1992 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"retrocalcarine sulcus","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"The Human Brain: Surface, Three-dimensional Sectional Anatomy with MRI, and Blood Supply","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon rétrocalcarin","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2653","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"gyrus of Andreas Retzius","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2653","cDefinition":"refers to bulges sometimes visible in the human parahippocampal gyrus medial to the fasciola cinerea and below the splenium of the corpus callosum. It is produced by the heavily folded underlying CA1 field of the hippocampal formation ( Duvernoy-2005 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"gyrus of Andreas Retzius","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"The Human Hippocampus: Functional Anatomy, Vascularization and Serial Sections with MRI","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"gyri of Andreas Retzius","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"The Human Hippocampus: Functional Anatomy, Vascularization and Serial Sections with MRI","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"gyrus Andreae Retzii","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"gyrus d'Andreas Retzius","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2654","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"inferior parallel sulcus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2654","cDefinition":"refers to the middle part of the superior temporal sulcus ( Shellshear-1927 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"primate","synonymName":"inferior parallel sulcus","synonymSource":"Shellshear-1927","synonymSourceTitle":"The evolution of the parallel sulcus","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2671","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"bulbocerebellar tract","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2671","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of inferior cerebellar peduncle in the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) and the rat ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"bulbocerebellar tract","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"bulbocerebellar tract","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"inferior cerebellar peduncle","parentNeuroNamesId":"781","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=781","brainStructureType":"White Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2672","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral septal complex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2672","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure that includes the lateral septal nucleus, septofimbrial nucleus and septohippocampal nucleus ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"lateral septal complex","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"10"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"lateral septal complex","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"10"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"extended striatum","parentNeuroNamesId":"2674","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2674","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2673","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"extended pallidum","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2673","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure of the extended cerebral nuclei defined on the basis of embryonic derivation from the medial ventricular ridge. It includes the globus pallidus, substantia innominata, basal nucleus, medial septal complex, triangular septal nucleus, nucleus of stria terminalis, nucleus of the anterior commissure and nucleus of stria medullaris ( Swanson-2004 ). \r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Pallidum","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"3917"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"pallidum extended","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"Pallidum","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"3917"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"extended pallidum","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"pallidum broadly defined","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cerebral nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"2677","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2677","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2674","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"extended striatum","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2674","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure of the extended cerebral nuclei defined on the basis of embryonic derivation from the lateral ventricular ridge. It includes the classical striatum, nucleus accumbens, striatal fundus (rodent), olfactory tubercle, lateral septal complex, anterior amygdalar area, central amygdalar nucleus, medial amygdalar nucleus and intercalated amygdalar nuclei ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Striatum","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"36836"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"Striatum","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"36836"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"extended striatum","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"striatum broadly defined","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cerebral nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"2677","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2677","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2677","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"cerebral nuclei","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2677","cDefinition":"refers to one of three components of the cerebrum. It is a composite structure of the endbrain defined on the basis of origin from the ventricular ridge of the embryonic Encephalon. It consists of the extended striatum and the extended pallidum. The other components of the cerebrum are the cerebral cortex and the cortical subplate nuclei ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"cerebral nuclei","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"43"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"cerebral nuclei","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"43"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"subcortical nuclei","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"endbrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Vertebrate Central Nervous System","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"endbrain","parentNeuroNamesId":"31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Functional CNS - Human","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"cerebrum","parentNeuroNamesId":"2068","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2068","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2678","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"primary visual area - obsolete","standardAcronym":"","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2678","cDefinition":"","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"area 17 of Swanson","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"primary visual area","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"131"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"visual cortex (rodent)","parentNeuroNamesId":"1911","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1911","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2679","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 17 of Paxinos - obsolete","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2679","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the occipital region of the mouse. It is defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture ( Paxinos-2001 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"area 17 of Paxinos","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2680","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventricular ridge","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2680","cDefinition":"refers to one of two ridges in the embryonic Encephalon, the lateral of which gives rise to the extended striatum, and the medial of which gives rise to the extended pallidum ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"ventricular ridge","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"126"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"ventricular ridges","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"2"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2681","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal column","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2681","cDefinition":"refers to the cuneate fasciculus of the medulla, gracile fasciculus of the medulla, internal arcuate fibers and medial lemniscus of the medulla in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"dorsal column","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"1172"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"dorsal column","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"1172"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"dorsal root fibers","parentNeuroNamesId":"1661","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1661","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2682","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal tegmental tract","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2682","cDefinition":"refers to a structure in the midbrain of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ).\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"dorsal tegmental tract","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"dorsal tegmental tract","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"2"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"midbrain related medial forebrain bundle system","parentNeuroNamesId":"3032","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3032","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2683","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"endorhinal groove","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2683","cDefinition":"refers to a sulcus in the cerebral cortex of the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) and the rat ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"endorhinal groove","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"endorhinal groove","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2684","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial group of the dorsal thalamus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2684","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of the thalamus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). It contains the medial dorsal nucleus, the perireuniens nucleus, and the submedial nucleus. It is part of the polymodal association thalamus in the Functional CNS Model - Rat (see Models Where It Appears below).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"medial group of the dorsal thalamus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"medial group of the dorsal thalamus","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"polymodal association thalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"2881","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2881","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2685","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"midline group of the dorsal thalamus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2685","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of the thalamus defined on the basis of connectivity and function in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). It is one of five components of the polymodal association thalamus in the Functional CNS Model - Rat (see Models Where It Appears below). It includes the paratenial nucleus, the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus and the reuniens nucleus of the classical midline nuclear group; it does not include the rhomboid nucleus or the subfascicular nucleus of that group. ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"midline group of the dorsal thalamus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"midline group of the dorsal thalamus","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"polymodal association thalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"2881","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2881","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2686","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"perforant path","standardAcronym":"pp","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2686","cDefinition":"refers to a pathway that originates in the entorhinal area and terminates in the dentate gyrus and the CA fields. In the rat ( Swanson-2004 ), part of the pathway originates in layer II of the entorhinal area and projects through the subiculum into the dentate gyrus and the CA3 field of the CA fields. The part that orginates in layer III projects into the subiculum and the CA1 field. In the mouse ( Dong-2004 ), the perforant path originates in layer III of the entorhinal area and projects into the CA1 field, CA3 field and the subiculum ( Witter-2000 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"perforant path","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"1528"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"perforant path","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"1528"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"perforant pathway","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"896"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"fornix system","parentNeuroNamesId":"3044","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3044","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2687","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterior parietal association areas","standardAcronym":"","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2687","cDefinition":"refers to the region between the visual cortex (rodent) and somatosensory areas; it receives inputs from the lateral posterior nucleus and may correspond to the posterior parietal association areas in primates and other mammals ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"posterior parietal association areas","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"posterior parietal association areas","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"polymodal association cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"2725","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2725","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2696","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"commissural connections of the occipital lobe","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2696","cDefinition":"refers to fiber degeneration evidence of projections to the right occipital lobe following extirpation of the left occipital lobe in the macaque ( Myers-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"commissural connections of the occipital lobe","synonymSource":"Myers-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Commissural connections between occipital lobes of the monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2697","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"nucleus Pul of Olszewski","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2697","cDefinition":"refers to the pulvinar as defined on the basis of cyto-myeloarchitecture in the rhesus macaque ( Olszewski-1952 ). It consists of four subdivisions, the inferior pulvinar nucleus, lateral pulvinar nucleus, medial pulvinar nucleus and anterior pulvinar nucleus. The internal architecture of the pulvinar \"shows considerable uniformity\", thus it is subdivided on a topographical basis. \"The basic element... is a lightly-stained cell, medium-sized, multipolar, and plump.\"","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"nucleus Pul of Olszewski","synonymSource":"Olszewski-1952","synonymSourceTitle":"The Thalamus Of The Macaca mulatta: An Atlas For Use With The Stereotaxic Instrument","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2698","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"nucleus Pul.l of Olszewski","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2698","cDefinition":"refers to the lateral pulvinar nucleus as defined on the basis of cyto-myeloarchitecture in the rhesus macaque ( Olszewski-1952 ). It is one of four subdivisions of the pulvinar. The others are the inferior pulvinar nucleus, the medial pulvinar nucleus and the anterior pulvinar nucleus.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"nucleus Pul.l of Olszewski","synonymSource":"Olszewski-1952","synonymSourceTitle":"The Thalamus Of The Macaca mulatta: An Atlas For Use With The Stereotaxic Instrument","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2699","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"central canal","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2699","cDefinition":"refers to a fluid-filled channel that consists of two parts: the central canal of the spinal cord and the central canal of the medulla ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"central canal","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"946"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2700","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"nucleus of the bulbocavernosus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2700","cDefinition":"refers to a cluster of motoneurons located in the anterior gray column of lumbar segments 5 and 6 of the spinal cord in the rat. Functionally it belongs to the somatic motoneuron pools of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"nucleus of the bulbocavernosus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"anterior gray column","parentNeuroNamesId":"1751","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1751","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2701","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Onuf's nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2701","cDefinition":"refers to a group of small neurons located in the anterior gray column of the spinal cord at the level of the second sacral vertebra of the rat ( Stedman's-2006; Swanson-2004 ). Functionally it belongs to the somatic motoneuron pools of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Onuf's nucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"118"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"anterior gray column","parentNeuroNamesId":"1751","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1751","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2702","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"cortical plate","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2702","cDefinition":"refers to the embryonic precursor of cerebral cortex. It gives rise to all layers of neocortex and allocortex, except perhaps layer 6b in the rodent. In the Functional CNS Model - Rat it refers to the sum of structures in the mature brain that are derived from the cortical plate, i.e., as a synonym of cerebral cortex excepting layer 6b in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Dong-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"cortical plate","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"1044"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"cortical plate","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"1044"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2703","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"whisker sensory area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2703","cDefinition":"refers to one of six to nine subdivisions of the primary somatosensory cortex in the rat ( Swanson-2004; Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004; Franklin-2008 ). It is activated by bending of the whiskers (vibrissae).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"primary somatosensory area, barrel field","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"primary somatosensory area, barrel field","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"barrel field of the primary somatosensory area","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"barrel field sensory area","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"35"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"primary somatosensory cortex, barrel field","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009b","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"whisker sensory area","synonymSource":"Kossut-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Experience-dependent changes in function and anatomy of adult barrel cortex","pubMedHits":"159"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rodent","synonymName":"barrel cortex","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"930"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rodent","synonymName":"whisker barrels","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"30"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"barrel field","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009b","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"293"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"primary somatosensory cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"1350","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1350","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2704","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lower limb sensory area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2704","cDefinition":"refers to the portion of one of six to nine subdivisions of the primary somatosensory cortex in the rat ( Swanson-2004; Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004; Franklin-2008 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"primary somatosensory area, lower limb","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"primary somatosensory area, lower limb","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"primary somatosensory cortex, hindlimb region","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009b","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"lower limb primary sensory area","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"lower limb sensory area","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"primary somatosensory cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"1350","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1350","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2705","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"mouth sensory area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2705","cDefinition":"refers to one of six to nine subdivisions of the primary somatosensory cortex in the rat ( Swanson-2004; Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004; Franklin-2008 ). \r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"primary somatosensory area, mouth","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"primary somatosensory area, mouth","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"mouth of the primary somatosensory area","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"mouth sensory area","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"primary somatosensory cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"1350","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1350","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2706","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"nose sensory area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2706","cDefinition":"refers to one of six to nine subdivisions of the primary somatosensory cortex in the rat ( Swanson-2004; Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004; Franklin-2008 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"primary somatosensory area, nose","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"primary somatosensory area, nose","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"nose of the primary somatosensory area","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"nose sensory area","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"primary somatosensory cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"1350","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1350","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2707","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"trunk sensory area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2707","cDefinition":"refers to one of six to nine subdivisions of the primary somatosensory cortex in the rat ( Swanson-2004; Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004; Franklin-2008 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"primary somatosensory area, trunk","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"primary somatosensory area, trunk","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"trunk of the primary somatosensory area","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"reptile","synonymName":"primary somatosensory cortex, trunk region","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009b","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"primary somatosensory cortex, trunk region","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009b","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"trunk sensory area","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"primary somatosensory cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"1350","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1350","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2708","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"upper limb sensory area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2708","cDefinition":"refers to one of six to nine subdivisions of the primary somatosensory cortex in the rat ( Swanson-2004; Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004; Franklin-2008 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"primary somatosensory area, upper limb","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"primary somatosensory area, upper limb","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"upper limb of the primary somatosensory area","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"upper limb sensory area","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"primary somatosensory cortex, forelimb region","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009b","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"primary somatosensory cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"1350","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1350","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2709","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"visceral cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2709","cDefinition":"refers to a combination of two structures in the cerebral cortex of the rat: the granular insula, which is known functionally as the visceral area, on the lateral surface of the hemisphere and the infralimbic area on the medial surface near the genu of the corpus callosum ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"visceral sensory-motor areas","synonymSource":"Swanson-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"personal communication","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"visceral cortex","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"16"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"sensorimotor cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"2866","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2866","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2710","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"glomerular layer of the main olfactory bulb","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2710","cDefinition":"refers to one of five layers of the olfactory bulb in the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) and the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). The other four are the outer plexiform layer of the main olfactory bulb, the mitral layer of the main olfactory bulb, the inner plexiform layer of the main olfactory bulb and the granule cell layer of the main olfactory bulb.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"main olfactory bulb, glomerular layer","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"main olfactory bulb, glomerular layer","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"glomerular layer of the main olfactory bulb","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2711","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"outer plexiform layer of the main olfactory bulb","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2711","cDefinition":"refers to one of five layers of the olfactory bulb in the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) and the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). The other four are the granule cell layer of the main olfactory bulb, the mitral layer of the main olfactory bulb, the inner plexiform layer of the main olfactory bulb and the glomerular layer of the main olfactory bulb.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"main olfactory bulb, outer plexiform layer","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"main olfactory bulb, outer plexiform layer","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"outer plexiform layer of the main olfactory bulb","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2712","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"mitral layer of the main olfactory bulb","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2712","cDefinition":"refers to one of five layers of the olfactory bulb in the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) and the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). The other four are the outer plexiform layer of the main olfactory bulb, the granule cell layer of the main olfactory bulb, the inner plexiform layer of the main olfactory bulb and the glomerular layer of the main olfactory bulb.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"main olfactory bulb, mitral layer","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"main olfactory bulb, mitral layer","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"mitral layer of the main olfactory bulb","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2713","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"inner plexiform layer of the main olfactory bulb","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2713","cDefinition":"refers to one of five layers of the olfactory bulb in the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) and the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). The other four are the outer plexiform layer of the main olfactory bulb, the mitral layer of the main olfactory bulb, the granule cell layer of the main olfactory bulb and the glomerular layer of the main olfactory bulb.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"main olfactory bulb, inner plexiform layer","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"main olfactory bulb, inner plexiform layer","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"inner plexiform layer of the main olfactory bulb","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2714","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"granule cell layer of the main olfactory bulb","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2714","cDefinition":"refers to one of five layers of the olfactory bulb in the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) and the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). The other four are the outer plexiform layer of the main olfactory bulb, the mitral layer of the main olfactory bulb, the inner plexiform layer of the main olfactory bulb and the glomerular layer of the main olfactory bulb.\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"main olfactory bulb, granule cell layer","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"main olfactory bulb, granule cell layer","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"granule cell layer of the main olfactory bulb","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2715","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"glomerular layer of the accessory olfactory bulb","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2715","cDefinition":"refers to one of three layers of the accessory olfactory bulb in the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) and the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). The other two are the mitral layer of the accessory olfactory bulb and the granular layer of the accessory olfactory bulb.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"accessory olfactory bulb, glomerular layer","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"accessory olfactory bulb, glomerular layer","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"glomerular layer of the accessory olfactory bulb","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2716","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"mitral layer of the accessory olfactory bulb","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2716","cDefinition":"refers to one of three layers of the accessory olfactory bulb in the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) and the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). The other two are the glomerular layer of the accessory olfactory bulb and the granular layer of the accessory olfactory bulb.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"accessory olfactory bulb, mitral layer","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"accessory olfactory bulb, mitral layer","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"mitral layer of the accessory olfactory bulb","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2717","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"granular layer of the accessory olfactory bulb","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2717","cDefinition":"refers to one of three layers of the accessory olfactory bulb in the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) and the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). The other two are the mitral layer of the accessory olfactory bulb and the glomerular layer of the accessory olfactory bulb.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"accessory olfactory bulb, granular layer","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"accessory olfactory bulb, granular layer","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"granular layer of the accessory olfactory bulb","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2718","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal part of the anterior olfactory nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2718","cDefinition":"refers to one of five subdivisions of the anterior olfactory nucleus in the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) and the rat ( Swanson-2004 ); it is located dorsal to the anterior part of anterior commissure and consists of two layers: molecular and pyramidal. The other four parts are the external part of the anterior olfactory nucleus, the lateral part of the anterior olfactory nucleus, the medial part of the anterior olfactory nucleus and the posteroventral part of the anterior olfactory nucleus.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"anterior olfactory nucleus, dorsal part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"anterior olfactory nucleus, dorsal part","synonymSource":"Dark-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"The On-line Medical Dictionary","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"dorsal part of the anterior olfactory nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2719","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"external part of the anterior olfactory nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2719","cDefinition":"refers to one of five subdivisions of the anterior olfactory nucleus in the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) and the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). The other four are the dorsal part of the anterior olfactory nucleus, the lateral part ofthe anterior olfactory nucleus, the medial part of the anterior olfactory nucleus and the posteroventral part of the anterior olfactory nucleus. The external part is located ventral to the posteroventral part and consists of two layers: molecular and pyramidal. ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"anterior olfactory nucleus, external part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"anterior olfactory nucleus, external part","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"external part of the anterior olfactory nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2720","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral part of the anterior olfactory nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2720","cDefinition":"refers to one of five subdivisions of the anterior olfactory nucleus in the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) and the rat ( Swanson-2004 ); it is located lateral to the anterior part of the anterior commissure. The other four parts are: the external part of the anterior olfactory nucleus, the dorsal part of the anterior olfactory nucleus, the medial part of the anterior olfactory nucleus and the posteroventral part of the anterior olfactory nucleus.\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"anterior olfactory nucleus, lateral part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"anterior olfactory nucleus, lateral part","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"lateral part of the anterior olfactory nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2721","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial part of the anterior olfactory nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2721","cDefinition":"refers to one of five subdivisions of the anterior olfactory nucleus in the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) and the rat ( Swanson-2004 ); it is located medial to the anterior part of the anterior commissure and consists of two layers: molecular and pyramidal. The other four parts are the external part of the anterior olfactory nucleus, the lateral part of the anterior olfactory nucleus, the dorsal part of the anterior olfactory nucleus and the posteroventral part of the anterior olfactory nucleus.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"anterior olfactory nucleus, medial part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"anterior olfactory nucleus, medial part","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"medial part of the anterior olfactory nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2722","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posteroventral part of the anterior olfactory nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2722","cDefinition":"refers to one of five subdivisions of the anterior olfactory nucleus in the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) and the rat ( Swanson-2004 ); it is located ventral to the anterior part of the anterior commissure and consists of two layers: molecular and pyramidal. The other four parts are the external part of the anterior olfactory nucleus, the lateral part of the anterior olfactory nucleus, the medial part of the anterior olfactory nucleus and the dorsal part of the anterior olfactory nucleus.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"anterior olfactory nucleus, posteroventral part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"anterior olfactory nucleus, posteroventral part","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"posteroventral part of the anterior olfactory nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2723","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"molecular layer of the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract","standardAcronym":"NLOT1","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2723","cDefinition":"refers to the outermost layer of the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). The others are the pyramidal layer of the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract and the dorsal cap of the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract, molecular layer","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"molecular layer of the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2724","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"pyramidal layer of the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract","standardAcronym":"NLOT2","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2724","cDefinition":"refers to the middle layer of the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). The others are the molecular layer of the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract and the dorsal cap of the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract, pyramidal layer","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"pyramidal layer of the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2725","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"polymodal association cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2725","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure in the cerebral cortex identified by connectivity and function. In the rat it includes the anterior cingulate area, prelimbic area, orbital areas (rodent), agranular insula, retrosplenial area, posterior parietal association areas, temporal association areas, ectorhinal area, perirhinal area, and the hippocampal formation ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"polymodal association cortex","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"4"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2726","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal part of the agranular insular area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2726","cDefinition":"refers to one of three subdivisions of the agranular insular area in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). The others are the ventral part of the agranular insular area and the posterior part of the agranular insular area.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"agranular insular area, dorsal part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"agranular insular area, dorsal part","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"dorsal part of the agranular insular area","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"agranular insular cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3317","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3317","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2727","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventral part of the agranular insular area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2727","cDefinition":"refers to one of three subdivisions of the agranular insular area in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). The others are the dorsal part of the agranular insular area and the posterior part of the agranular insular area.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"agranular insular area, ventral part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"agranular insular area, ventral part","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"ventral part of the agranular insular area","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"agranular insular cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3317","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3317","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2728","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterior part of the agranular insular area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2728","cDefinition":"refers to one of three subdivisions of the agranular insular area in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). The others are the dorsal part of the agranular insular area and the ventral part of the agranular insular area.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"agranular insular area, posterior part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"agranular insular area, posterior part","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"posterior part of the agranular insular area","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"agranular insular cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3317","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3317","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2729","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"retrohippocampal region","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2729","cDefinition":"refers to one of two divisions of the hippocampal formation (functional) in the rat. It is a composite structure that includes the entorhinal area, presubiculum, postsubiculum, parasubiculum and subiculum. The other division is the hippocampal region ( Swanson-2004 ). See the Functional CNS Model - Rat in 'Models Where It Appears' below.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"retrohippocampal region","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"25"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"hippocampal formation (functional)","parentNeuroNamesId":"3242","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3242","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2730","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal part of the subiculum","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2730","cDefinition":"refers to one of two subdivisions of the subiculum in the rat (Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). It consists of three layers. The other subdivision is the ventral part of the subiculum.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"subiculum, dorsal part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"subiculum, dorsal part","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"dorsal part of the subiculum","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"subiculum","parentNeuroNamesId":"188","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=188","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2731","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventral part of the subiculum","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2731","cDefinition":"refers to one of two subdivisions of the subiculum in the rat (Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). It consists of three layers. The other subdivision is the dorsal part of the subiculum.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"subiculum, ventral part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"subiculum, ventral part","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"ventral part of the subiculum","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"subiculum","parentNeuroNamesId":"188","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=188","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2732","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"crest of the dentate gyrus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2732","cDefinition":"refers to one of three subdivisions of the dentate gyrus in the rat ( Swanson-2004) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). The other two are the lateral blade of the dentate gyrus and the medial blade of the dentate gyrus. Each of these subdivisions consists of the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus, the granular layer of the dentate gyrus, and the polymorphic layer of the dentate gyrus.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"dentate gyrus, crest","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"dentate gyrus, crest","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"crest of the dentate gyrus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"dentate gyrus","parentNeuroNamesId":"179","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=179","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2733","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral blade of the dentate gyrus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2733","cDefinition":"refers to one of three subdivisions of the dentate gyrus in the rat ( Swanson-2004) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). The other two are the crest of the dentate gyrus and the medial blade of the dentate gyrus. Each of these subdivisions consists of the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus, the granular layer of the dentate gyrus, and the polymorphic layer of the dentate gyrus.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"dentate gyrus, lateral blade","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"dentate gyrus, lateral blade","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"lateral blade of the dentate gyrus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"dentate gyrus","parentNeuroNamesId":"179","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=179","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2734","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial blade of the dentate gyrus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2734","cDefinition":"refers to one of three subdivisions of the dentate gyrus in the rat ( Swanson-2004) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). The other two are the lateral blade of the dentate gyrus and the crest of the dentate gyrus. Each of these subdivisions consists of the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus, the granular layer of the dentate gyrus, and the polymorphic layer of the dentate gyrus.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"dentate gyrus, medial blade","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"dentate gyrus, medial blade","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"medial blade of the dentate gyrus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"dentate gyrus","parentNeuroNamesId":"179","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=179","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2735","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"cortical subplate nuclei","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2735","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the pallium in the Functional CNS Model - Rat. It is a set of endbrain structures defined on the basis of common embryologic origin from the cortical subplate of the Encephalon. The subplate nuclei include the claustrum, the lateral amygdalar nucleus, the basal nucleus of the amygdala, the accessory basal nucleus of the amygdala, the cortical amygdalar nucleus, the dorsal cap of the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract and, in the rat perhaps, layer 6b of the neocortex. The other part of the pallium is the cerebral cortex ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"cortical subplate","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"60"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"cortical subplate nuclei","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"pallium","parentNeuroNamesId":"3240","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3240","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2736","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral part of the entorhinal area","standardAcronym":"ENTl","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2736","cDefinition":"refers to one of two subdivisions of the entorhinal area in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) based on internal structure. The other is the medial part of the entorhinal area.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"entorhinal area, lateral part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"entorhinal area, lateral part","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"lateral part of the entorhinal area","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"entorhinal area","parentNeuroNamesId":"168","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=168","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2737","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial part of the entorhinal area","standardAcronym":"ENTm","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2737","cDefinition":"refers to one of two subdivisions of the entorhinal area in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) based on internal structure. It consists of two zones, the dorsal zone of the medial part of the entorhinal area and the ventral zone of the medial part of the entorhinal area. The other subdivision is the lateral part of the entorhinal area.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"entorhinal area, medial part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"entorhinal area, medial part","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"medial part of the entorhinal area","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"entorhinal area","parentNeuroNamesId":"168","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=168","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2738","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterior part of the basomedial nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2738","cDefinition":"refers to one of two subdivisions of the accessory basal nucleus of the amygdala. It is defined on the basis of internal structure. The accessory basal nucleus is known as the basomedial nucleus of the amygdala. Thus, its anterior part in the rat ( Swanson-2004; Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004: Franklin-2008 ) is referred to as the anterior part of the basomedial nucleus. The other is the posterior part of the basomedial nucleus.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"basomedial amygdalar nucleus, anterior part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"basomedial amygdalar nucleus, anterior part","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"anterior part of the basomedial nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"basomedial amygdaloid nucleus, anterior part","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009b","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Basomedial nucleus of the amygdala anterior part","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"accessory basal nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"249","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=249","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2739","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterior part of the basomedial nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2739","cDefinition":"refers to one of two subdivisions of the accessory basal nucleus of the amygdala. It is defined on the basis of internal structure. The accessory basal nucleus is known as the basomedial nucleus of the amygdala in the rat ( Swanson-2004; Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004: Franklin-2008 ) is referred to as the posterior part of the basomedial nucleus. The other is the anterior part of the basomedial nucleus.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"basomedial amygdalar nucleus, posterior part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"basomedial amygdalar nucleus, posterior part","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"posterior part of the basomedial nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"basomedial amygdaloid nucleus, posterior part","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009b","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Basomedial nucleus of the amygdala posterior part","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"accessory basal nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"249","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=249","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2740","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterior part of the basolateral nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2740","cDefinition":"refers to one of two ( Swanson-2004 ) or three ( Paxinos-2009b ) subdivisions of the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala identified by Nissl stain in the rat. The second, reported by both authors, is the posterior part of the basolateral nucleus. The third, if present, is the ventral part of the basolateral nucleus. All three are reported in the mouse ( Dong-2004; Franklin-2008 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"basolateral amygdalar nucleus, anterior part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"basolateral amygdalar nucleus, anterior part","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"anterior part of the basolateral amygdalar nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"basolateral nucleus of the amygdala anterior part","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"basolateral nucleus of the amygdala","parentNeuroNamesId":"246","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=246","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2741","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterior part of the basolateral nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2741","cDefinition":"refers to one of two ( Swanson-2004 ) or three ( Paxinos-2009b ) subdivisions of the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala identified by Nissl stain in the rat. The second, reported by both authors, is the anterior part of the basolateral nucleus. The third, if present, is the ventral part of the basolateral nucleus ( Paxinos-2009b ). All three are reported in the mouse ( Dong-2004; Franklin-2008 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"basolateral amygdalar nucleus, posterior part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"basolateral amygdalar nucleus, posterior part","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"posterior part of the basolateral amygdalar nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Basolateral nucleus of the amygdala posterior part","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"basolateral nucleus of the amygdala","parentNeuroNamesId":"246","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=246","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2742","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventral part of the basolateral nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2742","cDefinition":"refers to one of three subdivisions of the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala identified by Nissl stain in some strains of rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and in the mouse ( Dong-2004; Franklin-2008 ). The other two are the anterior part of the basolateral nucleus and the posterior part of the basolateral nucleus.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"basolateral amygdalar nucleus, ventral part","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"ventral part of the basolateral nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"basolateral amygdaloid nucleus, ventral part","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009b","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"basolateral nucleus of the amygdala","parentNeuroNamesId":"246","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=246","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2743","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"caudal part of the lateral septal nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2743","cDefinition":"refers to one of three divisions of the lateral septal nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). The other two are the rostral part of the lateral septal nucleus and the ventral part of the lateral septal nucleus. The caudal part consists of a dorsal and a ventral zone each of which has several regions.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"lateral septal nucleus, caudal part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"lateral septal nucleus, caudal part","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"caudal part of the lateral septal nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"lateral septal nucleus caudal (caudodorsal) part","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"lateral septal nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"261","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=261","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2744","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"rostral part of the lateral septal nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2744","cDefinition":"refers to one of three divisions of the lateral septal nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). The other two are the caudal part of the lateral septal nucleus and the ventral part of the lateral septal nucleus. The rostral part consists of medial, ventrolateral, anddorsolateral zones each of which has several regions.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"lateral septal nucleus, rostral part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"lateral septal nucleus, rostral part","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"rostral part of the lateral septal nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"lateral septal nucleus rostral (rostroventral) part","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"lateral septal nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"261","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=261","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2745","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventral part of the lateral septal nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2745","cDefinition":"refers to one of three divisions of the lateral septal nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). The other two are the lateral septal nucleus, caudal part and the lateral septal nucleus, rostral part.\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"lateral septal nucleus, ventral part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"lateral septal nucleus, ventral part","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"ventral part of the lateral septal nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"lateral septal nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"261","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=261","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2746","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial part of the central amygdalar nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2746","cDefinition":"refers to one of three subdivisions of the central amygdalar nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). The other two are the lateral part of the central amygdalar nucleus and the capsular part of the central amygdalar nucleus.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"central amygdalar nucleus, medial part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"central amygdalar nucleus, medial part","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"medial part of the central amygdalar nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"central nucleus of amygdala medial part","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"central amygdalar nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"243","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=243","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2747","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral part of the central amygdalar nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2747","cDefinition":"refers to one of three subdivisions of the central amygdalar nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). The other two are the medial part of the central amygdalar nucleus and the capsular part of the central amygdalar nucleus.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"central amygdalar nucleus, lateral part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"central amygdalar nucleus, lateral part","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"lateral part of the central amygdalar nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"central nucleus of amygdala lateral part","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"central amygdalar nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"243","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=243","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2748","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"capsular part of the central amygdalar nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2748","cDefinition":"refers to one of three subdivisions of the central amygdalar nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). The other two are the medial part of the central amygdalar nucleus and the lateral part of the central amygdalar nucleus.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"central amygdalar nucleus, capsular part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"central amygdalar nucleus, capsular part","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"capsular part of the central amygdalar nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"central nucleus of amygdala capsular part","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"central amygdalar nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"243","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=243","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2749","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterodorsal part of the medial amygdalar nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2749","cDefinition":"refers to one of five subdivisions of the medial amygdalar nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). The other four are the anteroventral part of the medial amygdalar nucleus, the posterodorsal part of the medial amygdalar nucleus, the posteroventral part of the medial amygdalar nucleus and the nucleus of the accessory olfactory tract.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"medial amygdalar nucleus, anterodorsal part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"medial amygdalar nucleus, anterodorsal part","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"anterodorsal part of the medial amygdalar nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Medial nucleus of the amygdala anterodorsal part","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"medial amygdalar nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"241","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=241","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2750","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anteroventral part of the medial amygdalar nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2750","cDefinition":"refers to one of five subdivisions of the medial amygdalar nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). The other four are the anterodorsal part of the medial amygdalar nucleus, the posterodorsal part of the medial amygdalar nucleus, the posteroventral part of the medial amygdalar nucleus and the nucleus of the accessory olfactory tract.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"medial amygdalar nucleus, anteroventral part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"medial amygdalar nucleus, anteroventral part","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"anteroventral part of the medial amygdalar nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"reptile","synonymName":"medial nucleus of the amygdala anteroventral part","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"medial amygdalar nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"241","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=241","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2751","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterodorsal part of the medial amygdalar nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2751","cDefinition":"refers to one of five subdivisions of the medial amygdalar nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). The other four are the anterodorsal part of the medial amygdalar nucleus, the anteroventral part of the medial amygdalar nucleus, the posteroventral part of the medial amygdalar nucleus and the nucleus of the accessory olfactory tract","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"medial amygdalar nucleus, posterodorsal part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"medial amygdalar nucleus, posterodorsal part","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"posterodorsal part of the medial amygdalar nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"medial nucleus of the amygdala posterodorsal part","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"medial amygdalar nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"241","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=241","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2752","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posteroventral part of the medial amygdalar nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2752","cDefinition":"refers to one of five subdivisions of the medial amygdalar nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). The other four are the anterodorsal part of the medial amygdalar nucleus, the anteroventral part of the medial amygdalar nucleus, the posterodorsal part of the medial amygdalar nucleus and the nucleus of the accessory olfactory tract.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"medial amygdalar nucleus, posteroventral part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"medial amygdalar nucleus, posteroventral part","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"posteroventral part of the medial amygdalar nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"medial nucleus of the amygdala posteroventral part","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"medial amygdalar nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"241","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=241","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2753","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterior nuclei of stria terminalis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2753","cDefinition":"refers to one of two divisions of the nuclei of stria terminalis based on topology, connectivity and multiple stains in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). The other division consists of the posterior nuclei of stria terminalis. The anterior division includes the anterolateral area of stria terminalis, anteromedial area of stria terminalis, oval nucleus of stria terminalis, juxtacapsular nucleus of stria terminalis, rhomboid nucleus of stria terminalis, dorsomedial nucleus of stria terminalis, fusiform nucleus of stria terminalis, ventral nucleus of stria terminalis, and the magnocellular nucleus of stria terminalis.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"bed nuclei of the stria terminalis, anterior division","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"anterior nuclei of stria terminalis","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"bed nuclei stria terminalis, anterior division","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"nuclei of stria terminalis","parentNeuroNamesId":"3125","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3125","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2754","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterior nuclei of stria terminalis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2754","cDefinition":"refers to one of two divisions of the nuclei of stria terminalis based on topology, connectivity and multiple stains in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). The other division consists of the anterior nuclei of stria terminalis. The posterior division includes the principal nucleus of stria terminalis, interfascicular nucleus of stria terminalis, transverse nucleus of stria terminalis, premedullary nucleus of stria terminalis, dorsal nucleus of stria terminalis, the strial extension of stria terminalis, and the cell sparse zone of stria terminalis.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"bed nuclei of the stria terminalis, posterior division","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"posterior nuclei of stria terminalis","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"bed nuclei stria terminalis, posterior division","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"nuclei of stria terminalis","parentNeuroNamesId":"3125","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3125","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2755","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral vestibulospinal tract","standardAcronym":"lvsp","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2755","cDefinition":"refers to a bundle of fibers that originates in the lateral vestibular nucleus of the medulla, descends ipsilaterally and terminates in lamina VII and lamina VIII of the spinal central gray. It consists of the lateral vestibulospinal tract of the medulla and the lateral vestibulospinal tract of the spinal cord ( Paxinos-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventrolateral vestibulospinal tract","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"lateral vestibulospinal tract","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"The Human Nervous System","pubMedHits":"37"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2757","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"White Primary Structure","standardName":"lateral vestibulospinal tract of the medulla","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2757","cDefinition":"refers to one of two subdivisions of the lateral vestibulospinal tract. The other is the lateral vestibulospinal tract of the spinal cord ( Crosby-1962; NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"lateral vestibulospinal tract of the medulla","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"medullary white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"778","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=778","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2758","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral vestibulospinal tract of the spinal cord","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2758","cDefinition":"refers to the part of the lateral vestibulospinal tract in the spinal cord ( NeuroNames ). It descends in the anterior white column ( Crosby-1962 ). It is a prominent component of the column. Others are the anterior intersegmental tract, the medial longitudinal fasciculus of the spinal cord and the anterior spinothalamic tract of the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"lateral vestibulospinal tract of the spinal cord","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"anterior white column","parentNeuroNamesId":"1304","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1304","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2759","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial longitudinal fasciculus of the spinal cord","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2759","cDefinition":"refers to the portion of the medial longitudinal fasciculus located in the spinal cord. The medial longitudinal fasciculus ends in the cervical segments of the cord ( Crosby-1962 ). A prominent part of it is the medial vestibulospinal tract, which contains fibers primarily from the medial vestibular nucleus. The tract is a component of the anterior white column of the cord. Other components are the ventral propriospinal tract, the anterior spinothalamic tract of the spinal cord and the lateral vestibulospinal tract of the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"medial longitudinal fasciculus of the spinal cord","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"420"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus vestibulospinalis medialis","synonymSource":"Jastrow-2007","synonymSourceTitle":"Histologischer Atlas im Internet","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fasciculus longitudinalis medialis","synonymSource":"Jastrow-2007","synonymSourceTitle":"Histologischer Atlas im Internet","pubMedHits":"37"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"anterior white column","parentNeuroNamesId":"1304","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1304","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2760","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"white columns of the spinal cord","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2760","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of the spinal white matter that includes the anterior white column, the lateral white column, the posterior white column and the anterolateral white column ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"white columns of the spinal cord","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2761","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"olivospinal tract of the medulla","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2761","cDefinition":"refers to the part of olivospinal tract in the medulla ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"olivospinal tract of the medulla","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2762","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"olivospinal tract of the spinal cord","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2762","cDefinition":"refers to the part of the olivospinal tract in the spinal cord ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"olivospinal tract of the spinal cord","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"lateral white column","parentNeuroNamesId":"1673","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1673","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2763","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterior spino-olivary tract of the medulla","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2763","cDefinition":"refers to the part of the anterior spino-olivary tract in the medulla ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"anterior spino-olivary tract of the medulla","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2764","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterior spino-olivary tract of the spinal cord","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2764","cDefinition":"refers to the part of the anterior spino-olivary tract in the spinal cord ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"anterior spino-olivary tract of the spinal cord","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"lateral white column","parentNeuroNamesId":"1673","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1673","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2765","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterior spino-olivary tract of the medulla","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2765","cDefinition":"refers to the part of the posterior spino-olivary tract in the medulla ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"posterior spino-olivary tract of the medulla","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2766","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterior spino-olivary tract of the spinal cord","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2766","cDefinition":"refers to the part of the posterior spino-olivary tract in the spinal cord ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"posterior spino-olivary tract of the spinal cord","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"lateral white column","parentNeuroNamesId":"1673","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1673","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2767","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"tectospinal tract of the tectum","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2767","cDefinition":"refers to the part of the tectospinal tract in the tectum ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"tectospinal tract of the tectum","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2768","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"tectospinal tract of the pons","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2768","cDefinition":"refers to the part of the tectospinal tract in the pons, where it descends contralaterally in the pontine tegmentum ventral to the medial longitudinal fasciculus ( Hanaway-1998; NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"tectospinal tract of the pons","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2769","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"tectospinal tract","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2769","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure that includes the tectospinal tract of the tectum, the tectospinal tract of the pons, the tectospinal tract of the medulla and the tectospinal tract of the spinal cord. The tectospinal fibers originate in the superior colliculus, cross in the dorsal tegmental decussation and terminate in the cervical segments of the spinal cord ( NeuroNames; Hanaway-1998 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"traktus tektospinal","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"tractus tectospinalis","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"tectospinal tract","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"10"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"tectospinal tract","synonymSource":"Szabo-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"A stereotaxic atlas of the brain of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)","pubMedHits":"10"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"tectospinal tract","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"10"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"tectospinal pathway","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus tectospinalis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Tractus tectospinalis","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"tratto tettospinale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"покрышечно-спинномозговый путь","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"haz tectoespinal","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"extrapyramidal fiber systems","parentNeuroNamesId":"3015","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3015","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2770","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"tectospinal tract of the spinal cord","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2770","cDefinition":"refers to the part of the tectospinal tract in the spinal cord where it descends in the anterior white column ( Hanaway-1998 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"tectospinal tract of the spinal cord","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"lateral white column","parentNeuroNamesId":"1673","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1673","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2771","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"spinotectal tract of the tectum","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2771","cDefinition":"refers to the part of the spinotectal tract in the tectum ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"spinotectal tract of the tectum","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2772","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"spinotectal tract of the pons","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2772","cDefinition":"refers to the part of the spinotectal tract in the pons ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"spinotectal tract of the pons","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2773","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"spinotectal tract of the medulla","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2773","cDefinition":"refers to the part of the spinotectal tract in the medulla ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"spinotectal tract of the medulla","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2774","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"spinotectal tract of the spinal cord","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2774","cDefinition":"refers to the part of the spinotectal tract in the spinal cord ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"spinotectal tract of the spinal cord","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"lateral white column","parentNeuroNamesId":"1673","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1673","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2776","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterior spinothalamic tract of the medulla","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2776","cDefinition":"refers to the part of the anterior spinothalamic tract in the medulla ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"anterior spinothalamic tract of the medulla","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2777","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterior spinothalamic tract of the spinal cord","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2777","cDefinition":"refers to the part of the anterior spinothalamic tract in the spinal cord ( NeuroNames ). It is a prominent component of the anterior white column. Others are the anterior intersegmental tract, the medial longitudinal fasciculus of the spinal cord and the lateral vestibulospinal tract of the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"anterior spinothalamic tract of the spinal cord","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"anterior white column","parentNeuroNamesId":"1304","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1304","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2778","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral spinothalamic tract of the spinal cord","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2778","cDefinition":"refers to the part of the lateral spinothalamic tract in the spinal cord ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"lateral spinothalamic tract of the spinal cord","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"lateral white column","parentNeuroNamesId":"1673","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1673","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2779","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral spinothalamic tract of the medulla","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2779","cDefinition":"refers to the part of the lateral spinothalamic tract in the medulla ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"lateral spinothalamic tract of the medulla","synonymSource":"Neafsey-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Medical Neuroscience","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2783","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"spinothalamic tract of the forebrain","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2783","cDefinition":"refers to the part of the spinothalamic tract in the forebrain where it separates into two components that terminate in various nuclei of the thalamus ( Carpenter-1983; NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"spinothalamic tract of the forebrain","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2786","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventral spinocerebellar tract of the cerebellum","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2786","cDefinition":"refers to the part of the ventral spinocerebellar tract in the cerebellum ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"ventral spinocerebellar tract of the cerebellum","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2787","cNIDType":"h","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"White Primary Structure","standardName":"ventral spinocerebellar tract of the medulla","standardAcronym":"vscm","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2787","cDefinition":"refers to the part of the ventral spinocerebellar tract in the medulla ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"ventral spinocerebellar tract of the medulla","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Tractus spinocerebellaris ventralis","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"medullary white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"778","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=778","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"medullary white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"778","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=778","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Mammalian Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"medullary white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"778","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=778","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"NeuroLex Rodent Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2788","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventral spinocerebellar tract of the spinal cord","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2788","cDefinition":"refers to the part of the ventral spinocerebellar tract in the spinal cord ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"ventral spinocerebellar tract of the spinal cord","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"lateral white column","parentNeuroNamesId":"1673","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1673","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2789","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal spinocerebellar tract of the cerebellum","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2789","cDefinition":"refers to the part of the dorsal spinocerebellar tract in the cerebellum ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"dorsal spinocerebellar tract of the cerebellum","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2790","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal spinocerebellar tract","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2790","cDefinition":"refers to one of two spinocerebellar tracts. Its fibers arise from the thoracic column of the spinal central gray and ascend ipsilaterally in the dorsolateral fasciculus of the spinal cord and the dorsolateral fasciculus of the medulla. In the medulla the tract projects into the cerebellum via the inferior cerebellar peduncle and terminates in the rostral and caudal portions of the vermis of the cerebellum ( Paxinos-2004; Carpenter-1983 ). The tract is composed of three parts: the dorsal spinocerebellar tract of the spinal cord, the dorsal spinocerebellar tract of the medulla and the dorsal spinocerebellar tract of the cerebellum. The other spinocerebellar tract is the ventral spinocerebellar tract. ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"traktus spinoserebelar posterior","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal spinocerebellar tract","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"83"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"dorsal spinocerebellar tract (Flechsig)","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior spinocerebellar tract","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"7"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Flechsig's tract","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Flechsig's fasciculus","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus spinocerebellaris dorsalis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Tractus spinocerebellaris posterior","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"Tractus spinocerebellaris posterior","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca nemestrina","synonymName":"Tractus spino-cerebellaris posterior","synonymSource":"Winters-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Brain Atlas For Macaca nemestrina","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"tratto spinocerebellare posteriore","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"дорсальный спинно-мозжечковый путь","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"пучок Флексига","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"задний спинно-мозжечковый путь","synonymSource":"Sapin-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomiia Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"haz espinocerebeloso posterior","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"inferior cerebellar peduncle","parentNeuroNamesId":"781","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=781","brainStructureType":"White Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2791","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal spinocerebellar tract of the spinal cord","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2791","cDefinition":"refers to the part of the dorsal spinocerebellar tract in the spinal cord ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"dorsal spinocerebellar tract of the spinal cord","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"lateral white column","parentNeuroNamesId":"1673","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1673","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2793","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"pars anterior of the paramedian lobule","standardAcronym":"PAP","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2793","cDefinition":"refers to the anterior part of the gracile lobule ( Madigan-1971 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"pars anterior of the paramedian lobule","synonymSource":"Madigan-1971","synonymSourceTitle":"Cerebellum of the Rhesus Monkey: Atlas of lobules, laminae, and folia, in sections","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"gracile lobule","parentNeuroNamesId":"669","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=669","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2794","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lobule VIIIA","standardAcronym":"VIIIA","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2794","cDefinition":"refers to one of two subdivisions of the pyramis of the vermis; the other is lobule VIIIB ( Madigan-1971 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"lobule VIIIA","synonymSource":"Madigan-1971","synonymSourceTitle":"Cerebellum of the Rhesus Monkey: Atlas of lobules, laminae, and folia, in sections","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"pyramis","parentNeuroNamesId":"677","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=677","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2795","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lobule VIIIB","standardAcronym":"VIIIB","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2795","cDefinition":"refers to one of two subdivisions of the pyramis of the vermis; the other is lobule VIIIA ( Madigan-1971 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"lobule VIIIB","synonymSource":"Madigan-1971","synonymSourceTitle":"Cerebellum of the Rhesus Monkey: Atlas of lobules, laminae, and folia, in sections","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"pyramis","parentNeuroNamesId":"677","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=677","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2796","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"crus Ia","standardAcronym":"crusIa","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2796","cDefinition":"refers to the anterior part of the superior semilunar lobule ( Madigan-1971 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"crus Ia","synonymSource":"Madigan-1971","synonymSourceTitle":"Cerebellum of the Rhesus Monkey: Atlas of lobules, laminae, and folia, in sections","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"superior semilunar lobule","parentNeuroNamesId":"667","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=667","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2797","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not 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IIa","standardAcronym":"crusIIa","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2798","cDefinition":"refers to the anterior part of the inferior semilunar lobule ( Madigan-1971 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"crus IIa","synonymSource":"Madigan-1971","synonymSourceTitle":"Cerebellum of the Rhesus Monkey: Atlas of lobules, laminae, and folia, in sections","pubMedHits":"25"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"inferior semilunar lobule","parentNeuroNamesId":"668","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=668","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2799","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"crus IIp","standardAcronym":"crusIIp","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2799","cDefinition":"refers to the posterior part of the inferior semilunar lobule ( Madigan-1971 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"crus IIp","synonymSource":"Madigan-1971","synonymSourceTitle":"Cerebellum of the Rhesus Monkey: Atlas of lobules, laminae, and folia, in sections","pubMedHits":"3"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"inferior semilunar lobule","parentNeuroNamesId":"668","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=668","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2800","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"peduncle of the paraflocculus","standardAcronym":"ppfl","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2800","cDefinition":"refers to the tract that extends from the medullary core of the cerebellum to the paraflocculus ( Madigan-1971 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"peduncle of the paraflocculus","synonymSource":"Madigan-1971","synonymSourceTitle":"Cerebellum of the Rhesus Monkey: Atlas of lobules, laminae, and folia, in sections","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cerebellar white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"691","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=691","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2801","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"intracentral fissure","standardAcronym":"ice","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2801","cDefinition":"refers to a superficial feature of the cerebellum located between lobule III and lobule IV ( Madigan-1971 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca 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fissure","synonymSource":"Madigan-1971","synonymSourceTitle":"Cerebellum of the Rhesus Monkey: Atlas of lobules, laminae, and folia, in sections","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"vermis of the posterior lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"673","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=673","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2803","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"intracrural fissure 1","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2803","cDefinition":"refers to a superficial feature of the cerebellum located between crus Ia and crus Ip ( Madigan-1971 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"intracrural fissure 1","synonymSource":"Madigan-1971","synonymSourceTitle":"Cerebellum of the Rhesus Monkey: Atlas of lobules, laminae, and folia, in sections","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"superior semilunar lobule","parentNeuroNamesId":"667","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=667","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2804","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"intracrural fissure","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2804","cDefinition":"refers to a superficial feature of the cerebellum located between crus Ip and crus IIa ( Madigan-1971 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"intracrural fissure","synonymSource":"Madigan-1971","synonymSourceTitle":"Cerebellum of the Rhesus Monkey: Atlas of lobules, laminae, and folia, in sections","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"ansiform 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Health","pubMedHits":"132"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"intracranial space","synonymSource":"Answers-2008","synonymSourceTitle":"Answers.com Health","pubMedHits":"346"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Cavitas cranii","synonymSource":"Answers-2008","synonymSourceTitle":"Answers.com Health","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2815","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"occipital gyri","standardAcronym":"OcG","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2815","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure of the occipital lobe as defined by topology in the human. It consists of the superior occipital gyrus, the middle occipital gyrus and the inferior occipital gyrus ( Mai-1997 ). In the macaque it consists of the occipital gyrus and the inferior occipital gyrus ( Martin-2000 ). Equivalent structures are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"occipital gyri","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"76"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2816","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1539176703","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"pretectal region - not otherwise specified","standardAcronym":"PTec-n","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2816","cDefinition":"refers to the unnamed portion of the pretectal region in the macaque brain atlas of Dubach-2008.","parents":[{"parentStandardName":"pretectal region","parentNeuroNamesId":"467","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=467","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2817","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1872599332","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medullary white matter - not otherwise specified","standardAcronym":"mw-n","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2817","cDefinition":"refers to the unnamed portion of the medullary white matter in the macaque brain atlas of Dubach-2008.","parents":[{"parentStandardName":"medullary white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"778","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=778","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2818","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"962837076","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial dorsal nucleus - not otherwise specified","standardAcronym":"MD-n","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2818","cDefinition":"refers to the unnamed portion of the medial dorsal nucleus in the macaque brain atlas of Dubach-2008.","parents":[{"parentStandardName":"medial dorsal nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"312","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=312","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2819","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"964121668","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"midbrain reticular formation - not otherwise specified","standardAcronym":"MBRF-n","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2819","cDefinition":"refers to the unnamed portion of the midbrain reticular formation in the macaque brain atlas of Dubach-2008.","parents":[{"parentStandardName":"midbrain reticular formation","parentNeuroNamesId":"501","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=501","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2820","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1767763942","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral hypothalamic area - not otherwise specified","standardAcronym":"LH-n","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2820","cDefinition":"refers to the unnamed portion of the lateral hypothalamic area in the macaque brain atlas of Dubach-2008.","parents":[{"parentStandardName":"lateral hypothalamic area","parentNeuroNamesId":"426","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=426","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2821","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"1024494987","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"inferior olivary complex - not otherwise specified","standardAcronym":"IO-n","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2821","cDefinition":"refers to the unnamed portion of the inferior olivary complex in the macaque brain atlas of Dubach-2008.","parents":[{"parentStandardName":"inferior olivary complex","parentNeuroNamesId":"748","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=748","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2822","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"373211085","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"inferior colliculus - not otherwise specified","standardAcronym":"IC-n","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2822","cDefinition":"refers to the unnamed portion of the inferior colliculus in the macaque brain atlas of Dubach-2008.","parents":[{"parentStandardName":"inferior colliculus","parentNeuroNamesId":"476","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=476","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2823","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"-1012697238","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"hypothalamus - not otherwise specified","standardAcronym":"Hy-n","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2823","cDefinition":"refers to the unnamed portion of the hypothalamus in the macaque brain atlas of Dubach-2008.","parents":[{"parentStandardName":"hypothalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"375","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=375","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2824","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"962833756","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"cochlear nuclei - not otherwise specified","standardAcronym":"Co-n","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2824","cDefinition":"refers to the unnamed portion of the cochlear nuclei in the macaque brain atlas of Dubach-2008.","parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cochlear nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"720","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=720","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2825","cNIDType":"a","cNID":"978901289","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"central medullary reticular group - not otherwise specified","standardAcronym":"CMRt-n","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2825","cDefinition":"refers to the unnamed portion of the central medullary reticular group in the macaque brain atlas of Dubach-2008.","parents":[{"parentStandardName":"central medullary reticular group","parentNeuroNamesId":"729","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=729","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2828","cNIDType":"h","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"White Primary Structure","standardName":"fasciolar white matter","standardAcronym":"faw","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2828","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"fasciolar white matter","synonymSource":"Dubach-2008","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroMaps - Macaque Brain Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Substantia medullaris fasciolaris","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2838","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral reticulospinal tract of the medulla","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2838","cDefinition":"refers to the part of the lateral reticulospinal tract in the medulla ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"traktus retikulospinal medulla oblongata","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"traktus retikulospinal medular","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"lateral reticulospinal tract of the medulla","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medullary reticulospinal tract","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medullary reticulospinal fibers","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"medulläre Fasern","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2839","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral reticulospinal tract of the spinal cord","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2839","cDefinition":"refers to the part of the lateral reticulospinal tract in the spinal cord ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"lateral reticulospinal tract of the spinal cord","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medullary reticulospinal tract","synonymSource":"Knierim-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Spinal reflexes and descending motor pathways. Part 4\r\n","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medullary reticulospinal fibers","synonymSource":"Young-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"BrainInfo has no information on this source.","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2840","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"rubrospinal tract of the midbrain","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2840","cDefinition":"refers to one of three subdivisions of the rubrospinal tract. The others are the rubrospinal tract of the hindbrain and the rubrospinal tract of the spinal cord ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"rubrospinal tract of the midbrain","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2841","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"rubrospinal tract of the hindbrain","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2841","cDefinition":"refers to one of three subdivisions of the rubrospinal tract. The others are the rubrospinal tract of the midbrain and the rubrospinal tract of the spinal cord ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"rubrospinal tract of the hindbrain","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2842","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"rubrospinal tract of the spinal cord","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2842","cDefinition":"refers to one of three subdivisions of the rubrospinal tract. The others are the rubrospinal tract of the midbrain and the rubrospinal tract of the hindbrain ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"rubrospinal tract of the spinal cord","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"lateral white column","parentNeuroNamesId":"1673","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1673","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2843","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"spinoreticular tract of the pons","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2843","cDefinition":"refers to the part of the spinoreticular tract in the pons. Its fibers project bilaterally and terminate primarily in the caudal pontine reticular nucleus ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"spinoreticular tract of the pons","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2844","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"spinoreticular tract of the medulla","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2844","cDefinition":"refers to the part of the spinoreticular tract in the medulla. Fibers that terminate in the medulla are primarily uncrossed and end upon cells of the gigantocellular nucleus and parts of the lateral reticular nucleus ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"spinoreticular tract of the medulla","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2845","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"spinoreticular tract of the spinal cord","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2845","cDefinition":"refers to the part of the spinoreticular tract in the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"spinoreticular tract of the spinal cord","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"lateral white column","parentNeuroNamesId":"1673","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1673","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2846","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"nucleus of the trapezoid body - obsolete","standardAcronym":"NTz","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2846","cDefinition":""},{"neuroNamesID":"2847","cNIDType":"h","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"middle gray layer of the superior colliculus","standardAcronym":"SCmg","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2847","cDefinition":"refers to the fourth outermost layer of the seven-layered superior colliculus of primates and rodents. Identified by internal structure, it is located between the superficial white layer of the superior colliculus and the middle white layer of the superior colliculus. The remaining layers are the deep gray layer of the superior colliculus and the deep white layer of the superior colliculus ( Carpenter-1983 ). Functionally it is part of the motor superior colliculus in the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ). In the rat the middle gray layer is further divided into sublayers a, b, and c.\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"middle gray layer of the superior colliculus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"middle gray layer","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"intermediate gray layer","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"62"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"superior colliculus intermediate gray layer","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"intermediate gray layer of the superior colliculus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009a","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain, Second Edition","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"stratum griseum II, mediale","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"superior colliculus","parentNeuroNamesId":"473","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=473","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"motor superior colliculus","parentNeuroNamesId":"3362","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3362","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2848","cNIDType":"h","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"White Primary Structure","standardName":"middle white layer of the superior colliculus","standardAcronym":"scmw","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2848","cDefinition":"refers to the fifth outermost layer of the seven-layered superior colliculus in primates and rodents. Identified by internal structure, it is located between the middle gray layer of the superior colliculus and the deep gray layer of the superior colliculus. The remaining layer is the deep white layer of the superior colliculus ( Carpenter-1983 ). Functionally it is one of four middle and deep layers that constitute the motor superior colliculus in the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"middle white layer of the superior colliculus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"middle white layer","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"intermediate white layer","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"7"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"superior colliculus intermediate white layer","synonymSource":"Swanson-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure Of The Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"intermediate white layer of the superior colliculus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009a","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain, Second Edition","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"stratum album mediale, stratum lemnisci","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"superior colliculus","parentNeuroNamesId":"473","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=473","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"motor superior colliculus","parentNeuroNamesId":"3362","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3362","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2849","cNIDType":"h","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"deep gray layer of the superior colliculus","standardAcronym":"SCdg","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2849","cDefinition":"refers to the second from deepest layer of the seven-layered superior colliculus in primates and rodents. Identified by internal structure, it is located between the middle white layer of the superior colliculus and the bottom layer, the deep white layer of the superior colliculus ( Carpenter-1983 ). Functionally it is one of four middle and deep layers that constitute the motor superior colliculus in the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"deep gray layer of the superior colliculus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"deep gray layer","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"18"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"superior colliculus intermediate deep gray layer","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"superior colliculus, deep gray layer","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"stratum griseum III, profundum","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"superior colliculus","parentNeuroNamesId":"473","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=473","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"motor superior colliculus","parentNeuroNamesId":"3362","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3362","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2850","cNIDType":"h","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"White Primary Structure","standardName":"deep white layer of the superior colliculus","standardAcronym":"scdw","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2850","cDefinition":"refers to the deepest layer of the seven-layered superior colliculus in primates and rodents. Identified by internal structure, it is located between the deep gray layer of the superior colliculus and the periaqueductal gray ( Carpenter-1983 ). Functionally it is one of four middle and deep layers that constitute the motor superior colliculus in the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"deep white layer of the superior colliculus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"deep white layer","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"superior colliculus, deep white layer","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"superior colliculus intermediate deep white layer","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"stratum alba profundum","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"superior colliculus","parentNeuroNamesId":"473","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=473","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"motor superior colliculus","parentNeuroNamesId":"3362","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3362","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2851","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial trapezoid nucleus","standardAcronym":"MTz","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2851","cDefinition":"refers to one of two potential parts of the trapezoid nucleus in the human. Separated by an indistinct boundary, the other is the lateral trapezoid nucleus ( Crosby-1962 ). The existence of the trapezoid nucleus in the human is disputed ( Bazwinsky-2003 ).\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial trapezoid nucleus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"1"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2852","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral trapezoid nucleus","standardAcronym":"LTz","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2852","cDefinition":"refers to one of two potential parts of the trapezoid nucleus. Separated by an indistinct boundary, the other is the medial trapezoid nucleus ( Crosby-1962 ). The existence of the trapezoid nucleus in the human is disputed ( Bazwinsky-2003 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral trapezoid nucleus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral nucleus of the trapezoid body","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2853","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medullary tegmentum","standardAcronym":"MOTg","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2853","cDefinition":"refers to the subdivision of the brainstem tegmentum located in the medulla. It consists of the medullary reticular formation and surrounding nuclei ( Pritchard-1999 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medullary tegmentum","synonymSource":"Pritchard-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Medical Neuroscience","pubMedHits":"37"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2856","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"humerosensory system","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2856","cDefinition":"refers to one of seven subcortical sensory systems of the cerebrospinal trunk. It consists of three of the circumventricular organs classified on the basis of function; they detect blood-borne substances and send neural signals to other brain structures. They include the organum vasculosum, the subfornical organ and the area postrema ( Duvernoy-2007 ). The other circumventricular organs are classified as secretory circumventricular organs.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"sensory circumventricular organs","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-2007","synonymSourceTitle":"The circumventricular organs: An atlas of comparative anatomy and vascularization","pubMedHits":"24"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"sensitive circumventricular organs","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-2007","synonymSourceTitle":"The circumventricular organs: An atlas of comparative anatomy and vascularization","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"sensitive organs","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-2007","synonymSourceTitle":"The circumventricular organs: An atlas of comparative anatomy and vascularization","pubMedHits":"151"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"sensory CVOs","synonymSource":"Price-2008","synonymSourceTitle":"The area postrema: a brain monitor and integrator of systemic autonomic state","pubMedHits":"7"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"humerosensory system","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"subcortical sensory systems","parentNeuroNamesId":"2874","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2874","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2857","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"secretory circumventricular organs","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2857","cDefinition":"refers to circumventricular organs classified on the basis of function; they discharge neurohormones into the blood stream or ventricles in response to neural input from other structures. The neurohypophysis, the subcommissural organ and, perhaps, the organum vasculosum belong to this group ( Duvernoy-2007 ). The other circumventricular organs belong to the humerosensory system.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"secretory circumventricular organs","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-2007","synonymSourceTitle":"The circumventricular organs: An atlas of comparative anatomy and vascularization","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"secretory organs","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-2007","synonymSourceTitle":"The circumventricular organs: An atlas of comparative anatomy and vascularization","pubMedHits":"41"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2858","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"interposed nucleus of the medulla","standardAcronym":"IMO","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2858","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells located in the medulla of the human ( Paxinos-2004 ) and of the macaque ( Paxinos-2001 ). It is found in the floor of the fourth ventricle, between the nucleus prepositus and the medial vestibular nucleus.\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"interposed nucleus of the medulla","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"interpositus nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"234"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"interpositus nucleus","synonymSource":"Koutcherov-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Organization of the human brain stem nuclei","pubMedHits":"234"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2859","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial reticular nucleus","standardAcronym":"MRt","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2859","cDefinition":"refers to a dorsal subdivision of the ventral part of the medullary reticular nucleus in the macaque ( Paxinos-2000 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"medial reticular nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"8"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2860","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal reticular nucleus","standardAcronym":"DRt","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2860","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal reticular nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"34"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2861","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"vagal complex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2861","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure consisting of three nuclei in the dorsomedial part of the medulla beneath the floor of the fourth ventricle. Described in many mammals and birds. It consists of the area postrema, the solitary nucleus and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve ( Duvernoy-2007 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"vagal complex","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-2007","synonymSourceTitle":"The circumventricular organs: An atlas of comparative anatomy and vascularization","pubMedHits":"436"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"bird","synonymName":"dorsomedial medulla","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-2007","synonymSourceTitle":"The circumventricular organs: An atlas of comparative anatomy and vascularization","pubMedHits":"153"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2862","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventral part of the gigantocellular nucleus - obsolete","standardAcronym":"Giv","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2862","cDefinition":""},{"neuroNamesID":"2863","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"alpha part of the gigantocellular nucleus - obsolete","standardAcronym":"","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2863","cDefinition":""},{"neuroNamesID":"2864","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial vestibulospinal tract of the medulla","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2864","cDefinition":"refers to one of two subdivisions of the medial vestibulospinal tract. The other is the medial vestibulospinal tract of the spinal cord ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"medial vestibulospinal tract of the medulla","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2865","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial vestibulospinal tract of the spinal cord","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2865","cDefinition":"refers to one of two subdivisions of the medial vestibulospinal tract. It is a component of the ventral white columns of the spinal cord where it is found just ventral to the ventral white commissure ( Jastrow-2007 ). The other subdivision is the medial vestibulospinal tract of the medulla ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"medial vestibulospinal tract of the spinal cord","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"spinal white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"2642","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2642","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Classical Spinal Cord Hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2866","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"sensorimotor cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2866","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of the cerebral cortex in the Functional CNS Model - Rat. In the rat it includes the motor cortex, the somatosensory areas, the visceral cortex, the gustatory cortex, the olfactory areas (rodent), the auditory cortex, and the visual cortex (rodent) ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"sensory-motor cortex","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"295"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"sensory motor cortex","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"295"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"sensorimotor cortex","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"3085"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"sensorimotor areas","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"342"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2867","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"olfactory areas (rodent)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2867","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure in the sensorimotor cortex of the rat. It includes the olfactory bulb, the accessory olfactory bulb, the anterior olfactory nucleus, the tenia tecta, the piriform area, the postpiriform transition area, the piriform amygdalar area, the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract, and the periamygdalar area ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"olfactory areas","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"72"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"sensorimotor cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"2866","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2866","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2869","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"gray matter","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2869","cDefinition":"refers to one of two components of the central nervous system. It is a type of neural tissue of the brain and spinal cord that, cut fresh or fixed, appears darker compared to the other type, white matter. Most gray matter is classified as areas of cortex or nuclei. Gray matter is composed predominantly of nerve and glial cell bodies ( Schiebler-1999 ). It is found in all parts of the central nervous system of the human, macaque, rat, mouse, and other vertebrates ( Swanson-2004, Swanson-2015 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"basic cell groups","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"basic cell groups and regions","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"central nervous system gray matter","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"grey matter","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"3935"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"gray matter ","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"11300"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Substantia grisea","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"97"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"graue Substanz","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","parentNeuroNamesId":"2868","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2868","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2870","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"white matter","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2870","cDefinition":"refers to one of two components of the central nervous system . It is a type of neural tissue of the brain and spinal cord that, whether fresh or fixed, appears lighter compared to the other type, gray matter. White matter is composed predominantly of myelinated nerve axons, which make up the cortical white matter, tracts and fasciculi of the central nervous system ( Schiebler-1999 ). White matter is found in the human, macaque, rat, mouse and other vetebrates ( Swanson-2015 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"basic fiber systems","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"central nervous system white matter","synonymSource":"Lau-2009","synonymSourceTitle":"Acute CNS White Matter Lesions in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease","pubMedHits":"68"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"central nervous system white matter","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"68"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"white matter","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"32073"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"white matter tracts","synonymSource":"Swanson-2015","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomical Terminology: A Lexicon of Classical Origins and Historical Foundtions","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Substantia alba","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"25"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"weisse Substanz","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","parentNeuroNamesId":"2868","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2868","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2871","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal cap of the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract","standardAcronym":"NLOT3","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2871","cDefinition":"refers to the outermost layer of the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). The other layers are the pyramidal layer of the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract and the molecular layer of the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract.\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract, dorsal cap","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract, layer 3","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"dorsal cap of the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cortical subplate nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"2735","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2735","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2872","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"hemispheric regions","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2872","cDefinition":"refers to the cerebellar cortex of lobules lateral to the vermis of the cerebellum. Identified by dissection they are present in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ), the macaque ( Martin-1997 ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"hemispheric regions","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"63"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"hemispheric regions","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"63"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cerebellar cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"647","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=647","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2873","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"cerebrospinal trunk","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2873","cDefinition":"refers to one of three basic components of the central nervous system (CNS) as defined on the basis of embryogenesis, connectivity and function ( Swanson-2004 ). The other two components are the cerebrum and the cerebellum. \r\nIn terms of classical structures, which are defined by dissection on the basis of topology and internal structure, the cerebrospinal trunk includes the interbrain, the midbrain, the hindbrain, and the spinal cord. \r\nThe cerebrospinal trunk is composed of three functional systems: the subcortical sensory systems, the behavioral state system, and the subcortical motor system.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"cerebrospinal trunk","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"gray matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"2869","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2869","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2874","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"subcortical sensory systems","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2874","cDefinition":"refers to one of three basic components of the cerebrospinal trunk of the central nervous system segmented on the basis of embryogenesis, connectivity and function ( Swanson-2004 ).The other components are the behavioral state system and the subcortical motor system. \r\nThe subcortical sensory systems include the set of structures of the cerebrospinal trunk that are primarily involved in processing inputs from the external environment and from internal organs ( Swanson-2003 ). Specifically they include structures of the subcortical visual system, the somatosensory system, the subcortical auditory system, the gustatory system, the viscerosensory system, the humerosensory system and related nuclei of the thalamus. ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"sensory system","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"1171"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"subcortical sensory systems","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"2"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cerebrospinal trunk","parentNeuroNamesId":"2873","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2873","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2875","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"behavioral state system","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2875","cDefinition":"refers to one of three subdivisions of the cerebrospinal trunk. As a part of the central nervous system subdivided on the basis of function and connectivity, it consists of fourteen nuclei. Among the best known are the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the substantia nigra, the pedunculopontine nucleus, the rostral pontine reticular nucleus, the raphe nuclei and the locus ceruleus. For a complete listing click below: Models Where It Appears. Among other functions the behavioral state system is responsible for the intrinsic control of sleep and wakefulness ( Swanson-2003 ). The other subdivisions of the cerebrospinal trunk are the subcortical sensory systems and the subcortical motor system.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"behavioral state system","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cerebrospinal trunk","parentNeuroNamesId":"2873","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2873","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2876","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"subcortical motor system","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2876","cDefinition":"refers to one of three functionally defined parts of the cerebrospinal trunk. It consists of eight multinuclear structures, which are involved primarily in the control of external behavior through the somatic musculature and the activity of internal organs through the autonomic nervous system ( Swanson-2003 ). The other subdivisions of the cerebrospinal trunk are the subcortical sensory systems and the behavioral state system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"motor system","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"2454"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"subcortical motor system","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cerebrospinal trunk","parentNeuroNamesId":"2873","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2873","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2877","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"sensorimotor thalamus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2877","cDefinition":"refers to one of three sets of nuclei of the thalamus grouped on the basis of connectivity and function ( Swanson-2004 ). The others are the polymodal association thalamus and the reticular nucleus of the thalamus (see Models Where It Appears below). \r\nThe sensorimotor thalamus includes the ventral group of the dorsal thalamus ventral anterior-lateral complex of the thalamus, the ventral medial nucleus of the thalamus, the ventral posterior complex of the thalamus, the subparafascicular nucleus, the peripeduncular nucleus, the medial geniculate body and the lateral geniculate nucleus the subparafascicular nucleus, the peripeduncular nucleus, the medial geniculate body and the lateral geniculate nucleus,the anterolateral part of the ventral nuclear group of the thalamus,.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"thalamus, sensory-motor cortex related","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"thalamus, sensory-motor cortex related","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"sensorimotor thalamus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"5"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"thalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"300","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=300","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2878","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventral group of the dorsal thalamus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2878","cDefinition":"refers to a set of substructures of the sensorimotor thalamus grouped on the basis of connectivity and function ( Swanson-2004 ). It includes parts of the classical ventral nuclear group of the thalamus together with the peripeduncular nucleus, and the subparafascicular nucleus. \r\nIn the Functional CNS Model - Rat it has five components: the ventral anterolateral nucleus of the thalamus, the ventral medial nucleus of the thalamus, the ventral posterior complex of the thalamus, the subparafascicular nucleus. and the peripeduncular nucleus.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"ventral group of the dorsal thalamus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"ventral group of the dorsal thalamus","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"sensorimotor thalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"2877","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2877","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2880","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventral medial nucleus of the thalamus - obsolete","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2880","cDefinition":""},{"neuroNamesID":"2881","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"polymodal association thalamus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2881","cDefinition":"refers to a set of substructures of the thalamus grouped on the basis of connectivity and function in the functional CNS model ( Swanson-2004 ). It includes the anterior nuclear group, the intralaminar nuclear group and parts of the midline nuclear group, medial dorsal nucleus, lateral nuclear group, and posterior nuclear complex ( see Models Where It Appears below ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"thalamus, polymodal association cortex related","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"thalamus, polymodal association cortex related","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"polymodal association thalamus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"thalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"300","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=300","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2882","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral group of the dorsal thalamus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2882","cDefinition":"refers to a set of substructures of the thalamus grouped on the basis of connectivity and function. It includes the lateral posterior nucleus, the posterior complex of the thalamus, the suprageniculate nucleus, and the posterior limiting nucleus of the thalamus ( Swanson-2004 ). It is part of the polymodal association thalamus in the Functional CNS Model - Rat (see Models Where It Appears below).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"lateral group of the dorsal thalamus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"lateral group of the dorsal thalamus","synonymSource":"Dong-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Somatosensory, multisensory, and task-related neurons in cortical area 7b (PF) of unanesthetized monkeys","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"polymodal association thalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"2881","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2881","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2883","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterior group of the dorsal thalamus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2883","cDefinition":"refers to a set of substructures of the thalamus grouped on the basis of connectivity and function ( Swanson-2004 ). It includes the nuclei of the anterior nuclear group and the lateral dorsal nucleus of the classical model. It belongs to the polymodal association thalamus in the Functional CNS Model - Rat (see Models Where It Appears below).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"anterior group of the dorsal thalamus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"anterior group of the dorsal thalamus","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"polymodal association thalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"2881","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2881","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2884","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"intralaminar group of the dorsal thalamus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2884","cDefinition":"refers to a set of substructures of the thalamus grouped on the basis of connectivity and function in the Functional CNS Model - Rat ( Swanson-2004 ). One of five components of the polymodal association thalamus. it consists of all nuclei of the classical intralaminar nuclear group except the central dorsal nucleus and the central lateral nucleus; and it includes the rhomboid nucleus of the midline nuclear group.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"intralaminar group of the dorsal thalamus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"intralaminar nuclei of the dorsal thalamus","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"polymodal association thalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"2881","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2881","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2886","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"subcortical visual system","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2886","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"sensory system, visual","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"visual system","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"9108"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"visual sensory system","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"19"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"subcortical sensory systems","parentNeuroNamesId":"2874","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2874","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2887","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"somatosensory system","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2887","cDefinition":"refers to a functionally defined set of structures of the nervous system. They process inputs from receptors in the skin, muscles and joints that support: 1) awareness of touch, pressure, temperature, itch, pain and other sensations, 2) identification of objects by touch and manipulation, and 3) smooth movements and postural stability. The structures include somatosensory receptors and somatosensory ganglia of the peripheral nervous system and the subcortical somatosensory system and somatosensory cortex of the central nervous system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"somatosensory system","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"616"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"somesthetic system","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"5"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2888","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"subcortical auditory system","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2888","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"sensory system, auditory","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"auditory sensory system","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"7"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"subcortical auditory system","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"10"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"subcortical sensory systems","parentNeuroNamesId":"2874","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2874","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2889","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medullary gustatory area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2889","cDefinition":"refers to the part of the rostral portion of the solitary nucleus of the medulla that is involved in taste percetion. It is identified on the basis of connectivity and responsivity to stimulation of taste receptors of the tongue and soft palate. In the human and the macaque it includes the gustatory nucleus, which is located laterally in the rostral portion of the solitary nucleus, and in the prefacial extension of the solitary nucleus. It receives taste afferents from the glossopharyngeal nerve and the intermediate nerve ( Pritchard-2012 ). In the rat it is located in the rostromedial zone of the solitary nucleus ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"sensory system, gustatory","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"gustatory sensory system","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"277"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"medullary gustatory area","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"subcortical sensory systems","parentNeuroNamesId":"2874","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2874","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2890","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"viscerosensory nuclei","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2890","cDefinition":"refers to cell groups in the hindbrain defined on the basis of function and connectivity as receiving neural input from the internal organs ( Swanson-2004 ). They include the parabrachial nuclei of the pontine tegmentum and the solitary nucleus (Swanson) of the medulla. ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"sensory system, visceral","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"visceral sensory system","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"8"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"viscerosensory nuclei","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"subcortical sensory systems","parentNeuroNamesId":"2874","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2874","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2891","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2891","cDefinition":"N/A"},{"neuroNamesID":"2892","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"sensory superior colliculus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2892","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the superior colliculus in the functional model of the central nervous system ( Swanson-2004; see Models Where It Appears below). The other part is the motor superior colliculus. The sensory part consists of three layers in the classical CNS model: the zonal layer of the superior colliculus, the superficial gray layer of the superior colliculus, and the superficial white layer of the superior colliculus ( Carpenter-1983 ). It is found both in primates and in rodents.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"superior colliculus, sensory related","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"superior colliculus, sensory related","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"sensory superior colliculus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"subcortical visual system","parentNeuroNamesId":"2886","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2886","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2893","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"rostromedial zone of the solitary nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2893","cDefinition":"refers to the part of the solitary nucleus involved in taste perception in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). Identified by connectivity and response to stimulation of taste receptors, it is considered the sole component of the medullary gustatory area in the rat.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"nucleus of the solitary tract, rostral zone of medial part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"rostromedial zone of the solitary nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"medullary gustatory area","parentNeuroNamesId":"2889","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2889","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2894","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal region of the lateral hypothalamic area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2894","cDefinition":"refers to a cell-sparse region located dorsally in the lateral hypothalamic area of the rat. It contains high levels of melanin-concentrating hormone and hypocretin orexin. Functionally it is part of the behavioral state system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"hypothalamic lateral zone, state related","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"lateral hypothalamic area, dorsal region","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"dorsal region of the lateral hypothalamic area ","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"behavioral state system","parentNeuroNamesId":"2875","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2875","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2895","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"behavior control column","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2895","cDefinition":"refers to a chain of structures in the upper cerebrospinal trunk extending from the medial preoptic nucleus rostrally through the anterior hypothalamic nucleus, descending division of the paraventricular nucleus, ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, premammillary nuclei, and mammillary body to the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area. Functionally it is part of the subcortical motor system. \"The rostral segment of this column is involved in controlling ingestive (eating and drinking) and social (defensive and reproductive) behaviors, whereas the caudal segment is involved in controlling general exploratory or foraging behaviors (with locomotor and orienting components) that are required for obtaining any particular goal object.\" ( Swanson-2000 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"behavior control column","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"8"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"subcortical motor system","parentNeuroNamesId":"2876","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2876","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2896","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"descending division of the paraventricular nucleus - obsolete","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2896","cDefinition":"N/A"},{"neuroNamesID":"2897","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"postcerebellar and precerebellar nuclei","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2897","cDefinition":"refers to seven nuclei in the midbrain, pons, and medulla that constitute a functional part of the subcortical motor system of the cerebrospinal trunk. They include the red nucleus, ventral pontine gray, inferior olivary complex, lateral reticular nucleus, linear nucleus of the medulla, ventral paramedian reticular nucleus, and parasolitary nucleus. Functionally they are part of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"postcerebellar and precerebellar nuclei","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"subcortical motor system","parentNeuroNamesId":"2876","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2876","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2899","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"general pontine gray - obsolete","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2899","cDefinition":"N/A"},{"neuroNamesID":"2900","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"vestibulomotor regions","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2900","cDefinition":"refers to cell groups located dorsally in the medulla near the fourth ventricle that are part of the system that senses the position of the head in space ( Holstein-2012 ). Found in the human, macaque, rat, and mouse, they belong functionally to the behavior control column ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"vestibulomotor regions","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"subcortical motor system","parentNeuroNamesId":"2876","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2876","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2901","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal pontine gray","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2901","cDefinition":"refers to the pontine central gray and embedded nuclei thereof that are functionally part of the subcortical motor system. They include the dorsal tegmental nucleus, the lateral tegmental nucleus, Barrington's nucleus, and the supragenual nucleus. They do not include the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, which is embedded in the pontine central gray but functionally belongs to the behavioral state system ( Swanson-2004 ). All components of the dorsal pontine gray are found in the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"pontine central gray, general","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"dorsal pontine gray","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"central gray","parentNeuroNamesId":"1584","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1584","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2903","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"orbitomedial prefrontal cortex (macaque)","standardAcronym":"OMPFC","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2903","cDefinition":"refers to a segmentation of most of the orbital gyri, the straight gyrus, and the anterior cingulate gyrus of the macaque on the basis of internal structure and connectivity ( Carmichael-1994 ). The internal structure was analyzed in three species of macaque using nine histological stains. It is segmented into six subdivisions, which are further divided into 24 primary areas. Each area was shown to differ from adjacent areas by at least three stains. Though all boundaries do not coincide, the areas are named for the most part as subdivisions of prefrontal cortex (Walker) and cingulate areas (macaque). \r\nIn the human orbitomedial prefrontal cortex the same subdivisions are found except that area 10 is divided into three parts, the equivalent to area 12 is named area 47, and an area 32pl is found, which has no equivalent in the macaque. For equivalent areas in the rat and mouse see orbital areas (rodent).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"OMPFC region of Carmichael","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"orbital and medial prefrontal cortex","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"macaque orbitomedial cortex by Carmichael","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"Carmichael's areas","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"Price's areas","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"areas of Carmichael","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"orbitomedial prefrontal cortex (macaque)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"orbitomedial cortex model (macaque)","parentNeuroNamesId":"2959","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2959","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial cortex model (macaque)","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2905","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"hypothalamic periventricular region","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2905","cDefinition":"refers to a set of substructures of the hypothalamus grouped on the basis of connectivity and function ( Functional CNS Model - Rat ). It includes parts of the anterior hypothalamic region and intermediate hypothalamic region ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"hypothalamic periventricular region","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"4"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"subcortical motor system","parentNeuroNamesId":"2876","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2876","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2906","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterior part of the periventricular hypothalamic nucleus - obsolete","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2906","cDefinition":"N/A"},{"neuroNamesID":"2907","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial preoptic area proper","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2907","cDefinition":"refers to the cell sparse portion of the medial preoptic area in species where parts of the area are occupied by specific nuclei ( BAMS ). Functionally it belongs to the hypothalamic periventricular region of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"medial preoptic area proper","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"hypothalamic periventricular region","parentNeuroNamesId":"2905","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2905","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2908","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area Iam (macaque)","standardAcronym":"Iam","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2908","cDefinition":"refers to the medial agranular insular area, a subdivision of the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex (macaque). It is defined on the basis of internal structure and connectivity. Located in the posterior part of the orbital gyri, Iam is one of two areas in the medial agranular insular region. The other is area Iapm (macaque). Iam is differentiated from some neighboring areas by diffuse lamination with no lamina rara revealed by Nissl stain and a band densely stained for cholinesterase in the internal pyramidal layer (V) ( Carmichael-1994 ).\r\nIts equivalent in the human is area Iam ( Ongur-2003 ). As a component of insulo-orbital agranular cortex, its equivalent in the rat and mouse would be in the agranular insular cortex.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"medial agranular insula cortex","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area Iam of Carmichael","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area Iam","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"medial agranular insula area","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area Iam (macaque)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 10 of Walker","parentNeuroNamesId":"960","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=960","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial cortex model (macaque)","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"medial agranular insular region","parentNeuroNamesId":"2960","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2960","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial cortex model (macaque)","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2909","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area Iapm (macaque)","standardAcronym":"Iapm","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2909","cDefinition":"refers to the posteromedial agranular insular area, a subdivision of the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex (macaque). It is defined on the basis of internal structure and connectivity. Located in the posterior part of the orbital gyri, Iapm is one of two areas constituting the medial agranular insular region. The other is area Iam (macaque). \r\nThe lamina rara revealed by Nissl stain is a defining feature of area Iapm. Other significant features are fiber plexi in the external pyramidal layer (III) and the internal pyramidal layer (V) that bracket the lamina rara stained for cholinesterase, and very few cells that stain for parvalbumin. Horizontal fibers in the molecular layer of the cerebral cortex (I) also distinguish it from some neighboring areas ( Carmichael-1994 ).\r\nIts equivalent in the human is area Iapm ( Ongur-2003 ). As a component of insulo-orbital agranular cortex, its equivalent in the rat and mouse would be in the agranular insular cortex.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"posteromedial agranular insula cortex","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area Iapm of Carmichael","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area Iapm","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area Iapm (macaque)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 10 of Walker","parentNeuroNamesId":"960","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=960","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial cortex model (macaque)","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"medial agranular insular region","parentNeuroNamesId":"2960","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2960","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial cortex model (macaque)","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2911","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral motor zone of the hypothalamus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2911","cDefinition":"refers to a set of substructures of the interbrain grouped on the basis of multiple criteria including connectivity and function. It consists of parts of the anterior hypothalamic region, intermediate hypothalamic region, lateral hypothalamic area and subthalamus. Many neuroanatomists consider this heterogeneous zone to be the interstitial nucleus of the medial forebrain bundle and the rostral end of the reticular formation (functional) ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"hypothalamic lateral zone, motor related","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"lateral motor zone of the hypothalamus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"reticular formation (functional)","parentNeuroNamesId":"2915","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2915","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2912","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"motor lateral hypothalamus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2912","cDefinition":"refers to a composite of twenty six parts, regions and zones of the lateral hypothalamic area defined on the basis of multiple criteria including cytoarchitecture, connections, and function in the rat. Functionally it belongs to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"lateral hypothalamic area, motor related","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"motor lateral hypothalamus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"lateral motor zone of the hypothalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"2911","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2911","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2913","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"zona incerta (functional)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2913","cDefinition":"refers to a set of cellular substructures of the subthalamus grouped on the basis of connectivity and function in the rat. It includes the zona incerta, the nucleus of field H of Forel and the portions of subthalamus and thalamus overlapped by cells of the dopaminergic A13 cell group. Functionally it belongs to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"zona incerta, general","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"zona incerta (functional)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"reticular formation (functional)","parentNeuroNamesId":"2915","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2915","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2914","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"geniculate group of the ventral thalamus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2914","cDefinition":"refers a set of substructures of the lateral geniculate body grouped on the basis of connectivity and function ( Functional CNS Model ) by ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"geniculate group, ventral thalamus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"geniculate group of the ventral thalamus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"geniculate group, ventral thalamus","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"reticular formation (functional)","parentNeuroNamesId":"2915","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2915","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2915","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"reticular formation (functional)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2915","cDefinition":"refers to a set of substructures of the cerebrospinal trunk grouped on the basis of multiple criteria including connectivity and function. It includes areas of the thalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamus, tectum, midbrain tegmentum, pontine tegmentum and medulla. Functionally it is part of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ). See also reticular formation (classical).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"reticular formation","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"4643"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"reticular formation (functional)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"subcortical motor system","parentNeuroNamesId":"2876","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2876","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2916","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"pretectal region (functional)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2916","cDefinition":"refers to a composite substructure of the functionally defined reticular formation (functional). It includes six nuclei classically identified with the pretectal region and the midbrain tegmentum: the olivary pretectal nucleus, the nucleus of the optic tract, the posterior pretectal nucleus, the nucleus of the posterior commissure, the anterior pretectal nucleus and the medial pretectal nucleus. Functionally, the reticular formation (functional) belongs to the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"pretectal region","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"68"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"pretectal region","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"68"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"pretectal region (functional)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"reticular formation (functional)","parentNeuroNamesId":"2915","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2915","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2917","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"magnocellular nuclei of the midbrain reticular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2917","cDefinition":"refers to six groups of large neurons that occupy a large portion of the midbrain of the rat. The largest and most centrally located on each side of the midbrain is the magnocellular part of the midbrain reticular nucleus. Considerably smaller is the more caudally located ventral tegmental nucleus. Much smaller are the anterior tegmental nucleus and three terminal nuclei of the accessory optic tract: the dorsal nucleus of the accessory optic tract, the medial nucleus of the accessory optic tract, and the lateral nucleus of the accessory optic tract. Functionally the magnocellular nuclei belong to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"midbrain reticular nucleus, magnocellular part, general","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"midbrain reticular nucleus, magnocellular part, general","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"magnocellular nuclei of the midbrain reticular nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"reticular formation (functional)","parentNeuroNamesId":"2915","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2915","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2918","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"motoneuron groups","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2918","cDefinition":"refers to an extensive set of substructures of the cerebrospinal trunk grouped on the basis of connectivity and function. They extend from the hypothalamus rostrally to the lower end of the spinal cord caudally. The 'moto' prefix indicates that their neurons act primarily on the cells of end-organs, such as muscles and glands, rather than other neurons. They are classified into three groups: The neuroendocrine motor zone, the somatic motoneuron pools, and the preganglionic autonomic pools. Functionally they belong to the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"motoneuron groups","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"24"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"subcortical motor system","parentNeuroNamesId":"2876","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2876","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2919","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"neuroendocrine motor zone","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2919","cDefinition":"refers to a set of substructures of the anterior hypothalamic region and the intermediate hypothalamic region defined on the basis of connectivity and function. It is composed of two subdivisions: parvicellular neuroendocrine cell groups and magnocellular neuroendocrine cell groups. Functionally it belongs to the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"neuroendocrine motor zone","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"motoneuron groups","parentNeuroNamesId":"2918","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2918","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2920","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"magnocellular neuroendocrine cell groups","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2920","cDefinition":"refers to a set of substructures of the anterior hypothalamic region and the intermediate hypothalamic region defined on the basis of connectivity and function. They include the supraoptic nucleus, paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, parts of the neurohypophysis and other nuclei. Functionally they belong to the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"neuroendocrine motor zone, magnocellular","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"magnocellular neuroendocrine cell groups","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"neuroendocrine motor zone","parentNeuroNamesId":"2919","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2919","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2921","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"parvicellular neuroendocrine cell groups","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2921","cDefinition":"refers to a set of substructures of the anterior hypothalamic region and the intermediate hypothalamic region defined on the basis of connectivity and function in the rat. They include the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus and parts of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, periventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and neurohypophysis. Functionally they belong to the neuroendocrine motor zone of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"neuroendocrine motor zone, parvicellular","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"parvicellular neuroendocrine cell groups","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"neuroendocrine motor zone","parentNeuroNamesId":"2919","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2919","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2922","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"neuroendocrine motor zone, somatic motoneuron pools","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2922","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"neuroendocrine motor zone, somatic motoneuron pools","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2923","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"preganglionic autonomic pools","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2923","cDefinition":"refers to clusters of neurons in the cerebrospinal trunk grouped on the basis of function. Belonging to motoneuron groups of the subcortical motor system, they are of two types: sympathetic preganglionic pools and parasympathetic preganglionic pools ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"neuroendocrine motor zone, preganglionic autonomic pools","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"preganglionic autonomic pools","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"motoneuron groups","parentNeuroNamesId":"2918","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2918","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2924","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"supraoptic nucleus, general - obsolete","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2924","cDefinition":"N/A"},{"neuroNamesID":"2925","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"magnocellular division of the paraventricular nucleus - obsolete","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2925","cDefinition":"N/A"},{"neuroNamesID":"2926","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"internal lamina of the infundibulum","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2926","cDefinition":"refers to one of two subdivisions of the infundibular stem of the neurohypophysis, which extends from the ventral surface of the intermediate hypothalamic region. The other is the external lamina of the infundibulum. Described in the rat, it belongs functionally to the magnocellular neuroendocrine cell groups of the subcortical motor system. (The external lamina of the infundibulum belongs to the parvicellular neuroendocrine cell groups.) ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"infundibulum, internal lamina","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"internal lamina of the infundibulum","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"magnocellular neuroendocrine cell groups","parentNeuroNamesId":"2920","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2920","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2927","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"parvicellular division of the paraventricular nucleus - obsolete","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2927","cDefinition":"N/A"},{"neuroNamesID":"2928","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterior periventricular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2928","cDefinition":"refers to the portion of the periventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus caudal to the preoptic periventricular nucleus and rostral to the intermediate periventricular nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). Functionally it belongs to the parvicellular neuroendocrine cell groups of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"periventricular hypothalamic nucleus, anterior part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"periventricular hypothalamic nucleus, anterior part","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"anterior part of the periventricular nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"parvicellular neuroendocrine cell groups","parentNeuroNamesId":"2921","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2921","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2929","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"intermediate part of the periventricular hypothalamic nucleus - obsolete","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2929","cDefinition":"N/A"},{"neuroNamesID":"2930","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"external lamina of the infundibulum","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2930","cDefinition":"refers to one of two subdivisions of the infundibular stem of the neurohypophysis, which extends from the ventral surface of the intermediate hypothalamic region. The other is the internal lamina of the infundibulum. Described in the rat, it belongs functionally to the parvicellular neuroendocrine cell groups of the subcortical motor system. (The internal lamina of the infundibulum belongs to the magnocellular neuroendocrine cell groups.) ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"infundibulum, external lamina","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"external lamina of the infundibulum","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"parvicellular neuroendocrine cell groups","parentNeuroNamesId":"2921","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2921","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2931","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"efferent cochlear group","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2931","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells defined on the basis of function as belonging to the somatic motoneuron pools of the subcortical motor system of the cerebrospinal trunk ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"efferent cochlear group","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"efferent cochlear group","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"somatic motoneuron pools","parentNeuroNamesId":"3394","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3394","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2932","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal division of the ambiguous nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2932","cDefinition":"refers to one of two divisions of the ambiguous nucleus embedded in the medullary reticular formation and identified by Nissl stain in the rat. The other is the ventral division of the ambiguous nucleus. Functionally it is one of several somatic motoneuron pools in the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"nucleus ambiguus, dorsal division","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"nucleus ambiguus, dorsal division","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"dorsal division of the ambiguous nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"somatic motoneuron pools","parentNeuroNamesId":"3394","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3394","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2933","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventral division of the ambiguous nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2933","cDefinition":"refers to one of two divisions of the ambiguous nucleus identified by Nissl stain in the rat. It is embedded in the medullary reticular formation. Functionally it is one of several parasympathetic preganglionic pools in the subcortical motor system. The other is the dorsal division of the ambiguous nucleus, which belongs to the somatic motoneuron pools ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"nucleus ambiguus, ventral division","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"nucleus ambiguus, ventral division","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"ventral division of the ambiguous nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"parasympathetic preganglionic pools","parentNeuroNamesId":"2934","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2934","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2934","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"parasympathetic preganglionic pools","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2934","cDefinition":"refers to one of two sets of clusters of neurons grouped on the basis of function in preganglionic autonomic pools of the subcortical motor system. It includes the parvocellular oculomotor nucleus, the superior salivatory nucleus, the inferior salivatory nucleus, the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve, the ventral division of the ambiguous nucleus, and the sacral autonomic nuclei. The other set consists of the sympathetic preganglionic pools ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"parasympathetic preganglionic pools","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"preganglionic autonomic pools, parasympathetic","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"preganglionic autonomic pools","parentNeuroNamesId":"2923","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2923","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2935","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"sympathetic preganglionic pools","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2935","cDefinition":"refers to one of two sets of clusters of neurons in the spinal central gray grouped on the basis of function into preganglionic autonomic pools of the subcortical motor system. They include the the thoracolumbar autonomic nuclei, the intermediomedial cell column, the dorsal gray commissure, and the intercalated nucleus of the spinal cord. The other set consists of the parasympathetic preganglionic pools ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"sympathetic preganglionic pools","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"preganglionic autonomic pools, sympathetic","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"preganglionic autonomic pools","parentNeuroNamesId":"2923","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2923","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2936","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"accessory supraoptic group","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2936","cDefinition":"refers to collections of cells in the vicinity of the supraoptic nucleus as defined by Nissl stain in the hypothalamus of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). One such collection is the circular nucleus. Functionally it belongs to magnocellular neuroendocrine cell groups of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"accessory supraoptic group","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"accessory supraoptic group","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Supraoptic nucleus, accessory supraoptic group","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"magnocellular neuroendocrine cell groups","parentNeuroNamesId":"2920","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2920","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2937","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"CA4 field","standardAcronym":"CA4","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2937","cDefinition":"refers to a cortical area defined on the basis of internal structure and located in the hilus of the dentate gyrus in the human ( Duvernoy-2005 ) and the macaque ( Rosene-1987 ). It is not clearly distinguishable in the rat and is often designated as part of the polymorphic layer of the dentate gyrus ( Amaral-1978 ).\r\nCA4 borders the CA3 field where the pyramidal cell layer of the CA fields enters the hilus of the dentate gyrus and spreads out to occupy most of the hilus ( de No-1934 ). The polymorphic layer of the dentate gyrus is clearly distinct from CA4 and serves as its border with the dentate gyrus ( Rosene-1987 ). The internal structure of CA4 is not uniform, the neuronal cell bodies are ovoid, large, few in number and scattered among intertwined myelinated fibers.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"CA4 field","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"7"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"primate","synonymName":"CA4 subfield","synonymSource":"Rosene-1987","synonymSourceTitle":"The Hippocampal Formation of the Primate Brain: A review of Some Comparative Aspects of Cytoarchitecture and Connections.","pubMedHits":"20"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"sub-field CA4","synonymSource":"Maxwell-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"There is differential loss of pyramidal cells from the human hippocampus with survival after blunt head injury.","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2938","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"alveus of the CA1 field","standardAcronym":"CA1alv","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2938","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"alveus of the CA1 field","synonymSource":"Dubach-2008","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroMaps - Macaque Brain Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2939","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"stratum oriens of the CA1 field","standardAcronym":"CA1or","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2939","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"stratum oriens of the CA1 field","synonymSource":"Dubach-2008","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroMaps - Macaque Brain Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Field CA1 stratum oriens","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2940","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"stratum pyramidale of the CA1 field","standardAcronym":"CA1py","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2940","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"stratum pyramidale of the CA1 field","synonymSource":"Dubach-2008","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroMaps - Macaque Brain Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"Field CA1, pyramidal layer ","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Field CA1 pyramidal layer ","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2941","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"stratum radiatum of the CA1 field","standardAcronym":"CA1ra","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2941","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"stratum radiatum of the CA1 field","synonymSource":"Dubach-2008","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroMaps - Macaque Brain Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"Field CA1, stratum radiatum ","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Field CA1 stratum radiatum ","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2942","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"stratum lacunosum moleculare of the CA1 field","standardAcronym":"CA1lm","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2942","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"stratum lacunosum moleculare of the CA1 field","synonymSource":"Dubach-2008","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroMaps - Macaque Brain Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"Field CA1, stratum lacunosum-moleculare ","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Field CA1 stratum lacunosum-moleculare ","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2943","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"alveus of the CA2 field","standardAcronym":"CA2alv","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2943","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"alveus of the CA2 field","synonymSource":"Dubach-2008","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroMaps - Macaque Brain Atlas","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2944","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"stratum oriens of the CA2 field","standardAcronym":"CA2or","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2944","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"stratum oriens of the CA2 field","synonymSource":"Dubach-2008","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroMaps - Macaque Brain Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2945","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"stratum pyramidale of the CA2 field","standardAcronym":"CA2py","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2945","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"stratum pyramidale of the CA2 field","synonymSource":"Dubach-2008","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroMaps - Macaque Brain Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"Field CA2, pyramidal layer","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Field CA2 pyramidal layer","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2946","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"stratum radiatum of the CA2 field","standardAcronym":"CA2ra","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2946","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"stratum radiatum of the CA2 field","synonymSource":"Dubach-2008","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroMaps - Macaque Brain Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"Field CA2, stratum radiatum","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Field CA2 stratum radiatum ","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2947","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"stratum lacunosum moleculare of the CA2 field","standardAcronym":"CA2lm","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2947","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"stratum lacunosum moleculare of the CA2 field","synonymSource":"Dubach-2008","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroMaps - Macaque Brain Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"Field CA2, stratum lacunosum-moleculare ","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Field CA2, stratum lacunosum-moleculare ","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Field CA2 stratum lacunosum-moleculare ","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2948","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"alveus of the CA3 field","standardAcronym":"CA3alv","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2948","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"alveus of the CA3 field","synonymSource":"Dubach-2008","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroMaps - Macaque Brain Atlas","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2949","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"stratum oriens of the CA3 field","standardAcronym":"CA3or","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2949","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"stratum oriens of the CA3 field","synonymSource":"Dubach-2008","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroMaps - Macaque Brain Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2950","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"stratum pyramidale of the CA3 field","standardAcronym":"CA3py","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2950","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"stratum pyramidale of the CA3 field","synonymSource":"Dubach-2008","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroMaps - Macaque Brain Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"Field CA3, pyramidal layer","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Field CA3 pyramidal layer ","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2951","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"stratum lucidum of the CA3 field","standardAcronym":"CA3lu","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2951","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"stratum lucidum of the CA3 field","synonymSource":"Dubach-2008","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroMaps - Macaque Brain Atlas","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"Field CA3, stratum lucidum","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Field CA3 stratum lucidum ","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2952","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"stratum radiatum of the CA3 field","standardAcronym":"CA3ra","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2952","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"stratum radiatum of the CA3 field","synonymSource":"Dubach-2008","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroMaps - Macaque Brain Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"Field CA3, stratum radiatum","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Field CA3 stratum radiatum ","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2953","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"stratum lacunosum moleculare of the CA3 field","standardAcronym":"CA3lm","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2953","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"stratum lacunosum moleculare of the CA3 field","synonymSource":"Dubach-2008","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroMaps - Macaque Brain Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Field CA3 stratum lacunosum-moleculare ","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2954","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral corticospinal tract","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2954","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the corticospinal tract in the spinal cord. It is formed as 75 to 90% of the corticospinal fibers cross to the opposite side of the brainstem in the pyramidal decussation. This tract descends the length of the spinal cord in the lateral white column ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral corticospinal tract","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"56"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"crossed corticospinal tract","synonymSource":"Thobois-2007","synonymSourceTitle":"Functional anatomy of motor urgency","pubMedHits":"7"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"corticospinal tract, crossed","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"corticospinal tract, crossed","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"tratto corticospinale laterale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"haz corticoespinal lateral","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"corticospinal tract","parentNeuroNamesId":"1320","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1320","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2955","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterior corticospinal tract","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2955","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the corticospinal tract in the spinal cord. It is formed by approximately 8% of the corticospinal fibers that do not cross to the opposite side of the brainstem in the pyramidal decussation. In most cases it descends only as far as the upper thoracic segments. This tract is restricted to humans and the higher apes ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior corticospinal tract","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"bundle of Turck","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"direct corticospinal tract","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventral corticospinal tract","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"8"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"uncrossed corticospinal tract","synonymSource":"Thobois-2007","synonymSourceTitle":"Functional anatomy of motor urgency","pubMedHits":"6"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"corticospinal tract, uncrossed","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"corticospinal tract, uncrossed","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"medial corticospinal tract","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"287"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"anterior cerebrospinal fasciculus","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"8"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"tratto corticospinale anteriore","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"haz corticoespinal anterior","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"corticospinal tract","parentNeuroNamesId":"1320","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1320","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2956","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"entorhinal sulcus","standardAcronym":"ents","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2956","cDefinition":"refers to the broad groove at the junction of the basal endbrain with the medial surface of the temporal lobe in the human ( Goncalves-2005 ) and the macaque ( Meyer-1949 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"entorhinal sulcus","synonymSource":"Meyer-1949","synonymSourceTitle":"An experimental investigation of the connexions of the olfactory tracts in the monkey","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"endorhinal sulcus","synonymSource":"Goncalves-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"MR volumetric analysis of the piriform cortex and cortical amygdala in drug-refractory temporal lobe epilepsy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon endorhinal","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2957","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"hippocampal-amygdaloid transition area","standardAcronym":"HATA","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2957","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"hippocampal-amygdaloid transition area","synonymSource":"Rosene-1987","synonymSourceTitle":"The Hippocampal Formation of the Primate Brain: A review of Some Comparative Aspects of Cytoarchitecture and Connections.","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2958","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lamina rara","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2958","cDefinition":"refers to a layer of the cerebral cortex that is of lesser visual density than the layers adjacent to it. The cell density is low, so it appears light in cell stains. A well known example is in the rostral entorhinal area, where the lamina rara is sometimes termed a separate layer and sometimes considered part of the layer superficial to it. The term was used by early cortical histologists but is not common today (J. Price, personal communication).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"lamina rara","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"166"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2960","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial agranular insular region","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2960","cDefinition":"refers to a component of the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex (macaque). It is defined on the basis of multiple architectonic features. One of two subdivisions of the agranular orbitofrontal cortex, it is differentiated from the other subdivision, the lateral agranular insular region, by its indistinct lamination, particularly by absence of sublamination of the internal pyramidal layer (V). The medial region is in turn subdivided into two areas: area Iam (macaque) and area Iapm (macaque) ( Carmichael-1994 ).\r\nThe human has equivalent areas: area Iam and area Iapm ( Ongur-2003 ). As a component of insulo-orbital agranular cortex, its equivalent in the rat and mouse would be in the agranular insular cortex.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"medial agranular insular areas","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"medial agranular insular region","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"medial region of agranular insular cortex","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"agranular orbitofrontal cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3501","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3501","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial cortex model (macaque)","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2961","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral agranular insular region","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2961","cDefinition":"refers to a component of the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex (macaque). One of two subdivisions of agranular orbitofrontal cortex, it is differentiated from the other subdivision, the medial agranular insular region, by its distinct lamination into five layers with sublamination of the internal pyramidal layer (V). It has three components: area Ial (macaque), area Iapl (macaque) and area Iai (macaque) ( Carmichael-1994 ). \r\nThe human has equivalent areas: area Iai and area Ial, and may have an area Iapl (see area Iapl (macaque) ( Ongur-2003 ). As a component of insulo-orbital agranular cortex, its equivalent in the rat and mouse would be in the agranular insular cortex.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"lateral agranular insular areas","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"lateral region of the agranular insula","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"lateral agranular insular region","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"agranular orbitofrontal cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3501","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3501","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial cortex model (macaque)","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2962","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"cingulate areas (macaque)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2962","cDefinition":"refers to subdivision of a region of the medial wall of cerebral cortex based on cytoarchitecture and connectivity in the macaque. Twelve areas occupying most of the cingulate gyrus are defined and named, largely according to the nomenclature for the guenon in Brodmann-1909 ( Vogt-1987 ). Note that these cortical areas are different, and are described by different authors from the Vogts' areas of Vogts-1919. For a more recent segmentation of these areas see cingulate cortex. ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Vogt's areas (macaque)","synonymSource":"Vogt-1987","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate cortex of the rhesus monkey: I. Cytoarchitecture and thalamic afferents","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2963","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 23 (macaque)","standardAcronym":"23","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2963","cDefinition":"refers to a portion of the posterior cingulate gyrus defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and connectivity in the macaque ( Vogt-1987 ). It has three subdivisions: area 23a (macaque), area 23b (macaque) and area 23c (macaque). An equivalent area exists in the human ( Vogt-1995 ). For a more recent segmentation of this area by the same authors later in their studies ( Vogt-2012 ) see area 23. ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"area 23 of Vogt (macaque)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"area 23","synonymSource":"Vogt-1987","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate cortex of the rhesus monkey: I. Cytoarchitecture and thalamic afferents","pubMedHits":"91"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 23 (macaque)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2964","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area Ia (macaque) - obsolete","standardAcronym":"","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2964","cDefinition":""},{"neuroNamesID":"2965","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area Ial (macaque)","standardAcronym":"Ial","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2965","cDefinition":"refers to the lateral agranular insular area, a subdivision of the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex (macaque). It is defined on the basis of internal structure and connectivity. Located in the posterior portion of the orbital gyri, area Ial is one of three subdivisions of the lateral agranular insular region.\r\nIdentifying structural features of area Ial are radial striations observed by Nissl stain in the internal pyramidal layer (V) and two dense bands revealed by Timm stain in the external pyramidal layer (II/III) and the internal pyramidal layer (V). The other two lateral agranular areas are area Iai (macaque) and area Iapl (macaque) ( Carmichael-1994 ).\r\nIts equivalent in the human is area Ial ( Ongur-2003 ). As a component of insulo-orbital agranular cortex, its equivalent in the rat and mouse would be in the agranular insular cortex.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area Ial of Carmichael","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area Ial","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"lateral agranular insular area ","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area Ial (macaque)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 10 of Walker","parentNeuroNamesId":"960","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=960","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial cortex model (macaque)","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"lateral agranular insular region","parentNeuroNamesId":"2961","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2961","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial cortex model (macaque)","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2966","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area Iai (macaque)","standardAcronym":"Iai","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2966","cDefinition":"refers to the intermediate agranular insular area, a subdivision of the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex (macaque). It is defined on the basis of internal structure and connectivity. Located in the posterior portion of the orbital gyri, area Iai is one of three subdivisions of the lateral agranular insular region. \r\nA significant structural feature of area Iai is a thick band of cells in the internal pyramidal layer (V) that are immunoreactive for neurofilament protein (by SMI-32 antibody). The area is also distinguished from some adjacent areas by bands stained for cholinesterase in the middle of the internal pyramidal layer (V) and at the boundary of the multiform layer (VI) with underlying white matter. The other two lateral agranular areas are area Ial (macaque) and area Iapl (macaque) ( Carmichael-1994 ).\r\nIts equivalent in the human is area Iai ( Ongur-2003 ). As a component of insulo-orbital agranular cortex, its equivalent in the rat and mouse would be in the agranular insular cortex.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area Iai of Carmichael","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area Iai","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"intermediate agranular insular area","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area Iai (macaque)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 10 of Walker","parentNeuroNamesId":"960","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=960","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial cortex model (macaque)","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"lateral agranular insular region","parentNeuroNamesId":"2961","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2961","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial cortex model (macaque)","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2967","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area Iapl (macaque)","standardAcronym":"Iapl","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2967","cDefinition":"refers to the posterolateral agranular insular area of the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex (macaque). It is defined on the basis of internal structure and connectivity. Located in the posterior portion of the orbital gyri, area Iapl is one of three subdivisions of the lateral agranular insular region.\r\nIdentifying structural features of area Iapl are two bands revealed by Timm stain, intensely in the external pyramidal layer (II/III) and lightly in the internal pyramidal layer (V). The other two lateral agranular areas are area Ial (macaque) and area Iai (macaque) ( Carmichael-1994 ).\r\nAn equivalent to area Iapl (macaque) has not been reported in the human. Authors of the human study, however, indicate that an equivalent in the human may have been located beyond the portion of cortex they evaluated ( Ongur-2003 ). As a component of insulo-orbital agranular cortex, its equivalent in the rat and mouse would be in the agranular insular cortex.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area Iapl of Carmichael","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area Iapl","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"posterolateral agranular insular area","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area Iapl (macaque)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 10 of Walker","parentNeuroNamesId":"960","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=960","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial cortex model (macaque)","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"lateral agranular insular region","parentNeuroNamesId":"2961","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2961","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial cortex model (macaque)","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2968","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"rostral orbital cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2968","cDefinition":"refers to a portion of the orbital gyri defined on the basis of internal structure in the macaque. It is composed of two areas of orbital prefrontal cortex: area 10o and area 11 ( Carmichael-1994 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"rostral orbital cortex","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"1"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"orbital prefrontal cortex (macaque) - obsolete","parentNeuroNamesId":"3329","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3329","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial cortex model (macaque)","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2969","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 12 - obsolete","standardAcronym":"12","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2969","cDefinition":"refers to a portion of the orbital gyri defined on the basis of internal structure in the macaque. It is one of six subdivisions of the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex (macaque), where it is also referred to as 'lateral orbital cortex'. It has four components: area 12r (macaque), area 12m (macaque), area 12l (macaque) and area 12o (macaque) ( Carmichael-1994 ). Some macaque brain atlases divide it into only two parts, a lateral and an orbital part ( Paxinos-2009a ).\r\nIts human equivalent is area 47 ( Ongur-2003 ), and some macaque brain atlases now label it area 47 ( Paxinos-2009a ). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Wallis-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 12 of Carmichael","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"lateral orbital cortex","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"23"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 12","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"132"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 12 (macaque)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area old 12","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009a","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain, Second Edition","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 47","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009a","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain, Second Edition","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"orbital prefrontal cortex (macaque) - obsolete","parentNeuroNamesId":"3329","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3329","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial cortex model (macaque)","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2970","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 13 (macaque)","standardAcronym":"13","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2970","cDefinition":"refers to a portion of the orbital gyri defined on the basis of internal structure in the macaque. It is one of six subdivisions of the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex, where it is also referred to as 'central orbital cortex'. It is subdivided into four areas: area 13l (macaque), area 13m (macaque), area 13a (macaque), and area 13b (macaque). ( Carmichael-1994 ). \r\nIts human equivalent is area 13 ( Ongur-2003 ). All of its subdivisions except area 13a (macaque) are granular cortex and have no equivalent in the rat. Area 13a, the most caudal of the subdivisions, is agranular ( Wallis-2012 ). For related areas in the rat and mouse, see orbital areas (rodent).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 13 of Carmichael","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 13","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"118"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"central orbital cortex","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 13 (macaque)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"orbital prefrontal cortex (macaque) - obsolete","parentNeuroNamesId":"3329","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3329","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial cortex model (macaque)","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2971","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 14 (macaque)","standardAcronym":"14","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2971","cDefinition":"refers to a portion of the straight gyrus of the frontal lobe defined on the basis of internal structure in the macaque. It is one of six subdivisions of the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex. Area 14 is subdivided into two areas: area 14r (macaque) and area 14c (macaque) ( Carmichael-1994 ). \r\nIts human equivalent is area 14 ( Ongur-2003 ). The more rostral part, area 14r (macaque) is granular and thus has no equivalent in the rat ( Wallis-2012 ). The more caudal part, area 14c (macaque) is agranular and may have an equivalent; see orbital areas (rodent). \r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 14 of Carmichael","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 14","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"88"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"gyrus rectus","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"90"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 14 (macaque)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"orbital prefrontal cortex (macaque) - obsolete","parentNeuroNamesId":"3329","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3329","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial cortex model (macaque)","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2972","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial prefrontal cortex (macaque)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2972","cDefinition":"","parents":[{"parentStandardName":"orbitomedial prefrontal cortex (macaque)","parentNeuroNamesId":"2903","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2903","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial cortex model (macaque)","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2973","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 10 (macaque) - obsolete","standardAcronym":"","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2973","cDefinition":"","parents":[{"parentStandardName":"rostral orbital cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"2968","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2968","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial cortex model (macaque)","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2974","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 11 (macaque)","standardAcronym":"11","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2974","cDefinition":"refers to a part of the orbital gyri that is defined on the basis of internal structure in the macaque. It is one of two components of the rostral orbital cortex in the orbital prefrontal cortex. The other is area 10 (macaque). It has two subdivisions: area 11m (macaque) and area 11l (macaque) ( Carmichael-1994 ).\r\nIts human equivalent is area 11 ( Ongur-2003 ). For approximately equivalent areas in the rat and mouse see orbital areas (rodent).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 11 of Carmichael","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 11","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"185"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 11 (macaque)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"rostral orbital cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"2968","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2968","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial cortex model (macaque)","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2975","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 24 of Carmichael - obsolete","standardAcronym":"","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2975","cDefinition":"\r\n\r\n","parents":[{"parentStandardName":"medial prefrontal cortex (macaque)","parentNeuroNamesId":"2972","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2972","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial cortex model (macaque)","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2977","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 32 (macaque)","standardAcronym":"32","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2977","cDefinition":"refers to part of an alternate segmentation of the anterior cingulate gyrus in the macaque. It is defined on the basis of internal structure in the macaque. It is one of three components of the medial prefrontal cortex (macaque) in the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex (macaque). The other components are area 24 of Carmichael and area 25 (macaque) ( Carmichael-1994 ). It is topologically equivalent to area 32ac in the human, but histologically equivalent to area 32pl ( Ongur-2003 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 32 of Carmichael","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 32","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"134"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"pregenual cingulate cortex","synonymSource":"Rolls-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"The Emotional Systems","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 32 (macaque)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"medial prefrontal cortex (macaque)","parentNeuroNamesId":"2972","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2972","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial cortex model (macaque)","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2978","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 10m of Carmichael","standardAcronym":"10m","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2978","cDefinition":"refers to a part of the superior frontal gyrus at the frontal pole that is defined on the basis of internal structure in the macaque ( Carmichael-1994 ). It constitutes a combination of area 10m and area 10r of the macaque ( Ongur-2003 ). Identifying features of the area are fiber plexi in the molecular layer of the cerebral cortex (I), the external pyramidal layer (III), the internal pyramidal layer (V) and the multiform layer (VI) that stain moderately for acetylcholinesterase and a second band of neuropil deep in the multiform layer (VI) that stains for chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (8b3 antibody). Other features that distinguish it from some adjacent areas are radial striations revealed by Nissl stain in the external pyramidal layer (III) and the internal pyramidal layer (V) ( Carmichael-1994 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 10m of Carmichael","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 10m","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"medial area 10","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"5"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 10m (macaque)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 10 (macaque) - obsolete","parentNeuroNamesId":"2973","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2973","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial cortex model (macaque)","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2979","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 11m (macaque)","standardAcronym":"11m","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2979","cDefinition":"refers to a portion of the orbital gyri that is defined on the basis of internal structure in the macaque. It is one of two components of area 11 (macaque) in orbitomedial prefrontal cortex. The other component is area 11l (macaque). Features that distinguish it from some adjacent areas are its granularity and a bilaminate internal pyramidal layer (V) as revealed by Nissl stain ( Carmichael-1994 ). \r\nIts human equivalent is area 11m ( Ongur-2003 ). As thin, lightly granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Wallis-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 11m of Carmichael","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 11m","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"medial area 11","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 11m (macaque)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 11 (macaque)","parentNeuroNamesId":"2974","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2974","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial cortex model (macaque)","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2980","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 11l (macaque)","standardAcronym":"11l","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2980","cDefinition":"refers to a portion of the orbital gyri that is defined on the basis of internal structure in the macaque. It is one of two components of area 11 (macaque) in the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex. The other component is area 11m (macaque). Features that distinguish it from some adjacent areas are its granularity and a bilaminate internal pyramidal layer (V) with aggregates of pyramidal cells revealed by Nissl stain and vertical fiber bundles in the external granular layer (II), the internal granular layer (IV), and the internal pyramidal layer (V) as revealed by myelin stain ( Carmichael-1994 ).\r\nIts human equivalent is area 11l ( Ongur-2003 ). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Wallis-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 11l of Carmichael","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 11l","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"lateral area 11","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 11l (macaque)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 11 (macaque)","parentNeuroNamesId":"2974","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2974","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial cortex model (macaque)","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2981","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 10o","standardAcronym":"10a","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2981","cDefinition":"refers to a portion of the orbital gyri at the frontal pole that is defined on the basis of internal structure in the macaque. It is one of two components of rostral orbital cortex. The other component is area 11. A significant feature of area 10o is the presence of radial striations revealed by Nissl stain in the external pyramidal layer (III), the internal granular layer and the internal pyramidal layer (V) ( Carmichael-1994 ). In Paxinos-2009a it is named '10V',\r\nIts human equivalent is the orbital part of area 10p ( Ongur-2003 ). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Wallis-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 10o of Carmichael","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 10o","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"orbital area 10","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 10o (macaque)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 10V","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009a","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain, Second Edition","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 10 (macaque) - obsolete","parentNeuroNamesId":"2973","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2973","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial cortex model (macaque)","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2982","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 12r (macaque)","standardAcronym":"12r","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2982","cDefinition":"refers to a portion of the orbital gyri that is defined on the basis of internal structure in the macaque. It is one of four components of area 12 in the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex. The other components are area 12m (macaque), area 12o (macaque), and area 12l (macaque) ( Carmichael-1994 ). Some authors divide area 12 into only two parts, an orbital part and a lateral part ( Paxinos-2009a ).\r\nIts human equivalent is area 47/12r ( Ongur-2003 ). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Wallis-2012 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 12r of Carmichael","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 12r","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"rostral area 12","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 12r (macaque)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 47r","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 47/12r","synonymSource":"Ongur-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the human orbital and medial prefrontal cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 11 of Walker","parentNeuroNamesId":"961","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=961","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial cortex model (macaque)","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"area 12 - obsolete","parentNeuroNamesId":"2969","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2969","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial cortex model (macaque)","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2983","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 12m (macaque) - obsolete","standardAcronym":"","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2983","cDefinition":"","parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 11 of Walker","parentNeuroNamesId":"961","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=961","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial cortex model (macaque)","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"area 12 - obsolete","parentNeuroNamesId":"2969","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2969","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial cortex model (macaque)","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2984","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 12o (macaque)","standardAcronym":"12o","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2984","cDefinition":"An identifying feature of area 12o is the sparsity of myelination revealed by myelin stain. Features that distinguish it from some adjacent areas are a weakly stained internal granular layer (IV) and lack of sublamination of the internal pyramidal layer (V) ( Carmichael-1994 ). Some authors divide area 12 into only two parts, an orbital part and a lateral part ( Paxinos-2009a ).\r\n Its human equivalent is area 47/12s ( Ongur-2003 ), which may be the same as area 47s ( Glasser-2016 ). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Wallis-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 12o of Carmichael","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 12o","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"orbital area 12","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 12o (macaque)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 11 of Walker","parentNeuroNamesId":"961","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=961","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial cortex model (macaque)","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"area 12 - obsolete","parentNeuroNamesId":"2969","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2969","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial cortex model (macaque)","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2985","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 12l (macaque)","standardAcronym":"12l","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2985","cDefinition":"refers to a portion of the orbital gyri defined on the basis of internal structure in the macaque. It is one of four components of area 12 in the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex. The other components are area 12r (macaque), area 12m (macaque), and area 12o (macaque). An identifying feature of area 12l is a band of cells in the external granular layer (II) that stain for 8b3 antibody to chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. Other distinguishing features are large vertical fiber bundles and moderately dense horizontal fiber bundles revealed by myelin stain in the internal granular layer (IV) and internal pyramidal layer (V) ( Carmichael-1994 ). Some authors divide area 12 into only two parts, an orbital part and a lateral part ( Paxinos-2009a ).\r\nIts human equivalent is area 47/12l ( Ongur-2003 ). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Wallis-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 12l of Carmichael","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 12l","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"lateral area 12","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"6"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 12l (macaque)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 12 - obsolete","parentNeuroNamesId":"2969","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2969","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial cortex model (macaque)","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2986","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 13m (macaque)","standardAcronym":"13m","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2986","cDefinition":"refers to a portion of the orbital gyri defined on the basis of internal structure in the macaque. It is one of four components of area 13 (macaque) in the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex. The other components are area 13l (macaque), area 13a (macaque), and area 13b (macaque) ( Carmichael-1994 ).\r\nIts human equivalent is area 13m ( Ongur-2003 ). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Wallis-2012 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 13m of Carmichael","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 13m","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"medial area 13","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 13m (macaque)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 13 (macaque)","parentNeuroNamesId":"2970","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2970","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial cortex model (macaque)","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2987","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 13l (macaque)","standardAcronym":"13l","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2987","cDefinition":"refers to a portion of the orbital gyri defined on the basis of internal structure in the macaque. It is one of four components of area 13 (macaque) in the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex. The other components are area 13m (macaque), area 13a (macaque), and area 13b (macaque). Identifying features of area 13l are: 1) a dense horizontal bundle of fibers stain for myelin in the internal granular layer (IV); 2) bands of cells in the external pyramidal layer (III) and the internal pyramidal layer (V) stain darkly for neurofilament protein by SMI-32, and 3) dense bands of fibers and cells in the external pyramidal layer (III) and internal granular layer (IV) stain for parvalbumin. Another feature that distinguishes area 13l from some adjacent areas is the presence of large pyramidal cells deep in the external pyramidal layer (III) ( Carmichael-1994 ).\r\nIts human equivalent is area 13l ( Ongur-2003 ). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Wallis-2012 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 13l of Carmichael","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 13l","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"lateral area 13","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 13l (macaque)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 13 (macaque)","parentNeuroNamesId":"2970","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2970","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial cortex model (macaque)","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2988","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 13a (macaque)","standardAcronym":"13a","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2988","cDefinition":"refers to a portion of the orbital gyri defined on the basis of internal structure in the macaque. It is one of four components of area 13 (macaque) in the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex. The other components are area 13m (macaque), area 13l (macaque), and area 13b (macaque). Significant features of area 13a are generally dark staining for acetylcholinesterase, particularly of a fiber plexus in the internal pyramidal layer (V) and a lighter plexus in the molecular layer of the cerebral cortex (I). Other features that distinguish area 13a from some adjacent areas by Nissl stain are agranularity and aggregates of pyramidal cells in a bilaminate internal pyramidal layer (V) ( Carmichael-1994 ).\r\nIts human equivalent is area 13a ( Ongur-2003 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 13a of Carmichael","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 13a","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 13a (macaque)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 13 (macaque)","parentNeuroNamesId":"2970","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2970","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial cortex model (macaque)","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2989","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 13b (macaque)","standardAcronym":"13b","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2989","cDefinition":"refers to a portion of the orbital gyri defined on the basis of internal structure in the macaque. It is one of four components of area 13 (macaque) in the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex. The other components are area 13m (macaque), area 13l (macaque), and area 13a (macaque). A significant feature of area 13b is the presence of radial striations revealed by Nissl stain in the external pyramidal layer (III), the internal granular layer (IV), and the internal pyramidal layer (V). Another feature that distinguishes area 13b from some adjacent areas is the appearance of vertical fiber bundles in the internal pyramidal layer (V) as demonstrated by myelin stain ( Carmichael-1994 ).\r\nIts human equivalent is area 13b ( Ongur-2003 ). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Wallis-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 13b of Carmichael","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 13b","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 13b (macaque)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 13 (macaque)","parentNeuroNamesId":"2970","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2970","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial cortex model (macaque)","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2990","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 14r (macaque)","standardAcronym":"14r","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2990","cDefinition":"refers to a portion of the straight gyrus segmented on the basis of internal structure in the macaque. It is one of two components of area 14 (macaque) in the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex. The other component is area 14c (macaque). A significant structural feature of area 14r is the dysgranular appearance compared to the agranular appearance of the adjacent area 14c ( Carmichael-1994 ).\r\nIts human equivalent is area 14r ( Ongur-2003 ). As dysgranular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Wallis-2012 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 14r of Carmichael","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 14r","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"rostral area 14","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 14r (macaque)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 14 (macaque)","parentNeuroNamesId":"2971","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2971","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial cortex model (macaque)","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2991","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 14c (macaque)","standardAcronym":"14c","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2991","cDefinition":"refers to a portion of the straight gyrus defined on the basis of internal structure in the macaque. It is one of two components of area 14 (macaque) in the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex. The other component is area 14r (macaque). An identifying feature of area 14c is a general dark stain for acetylcholinesterase, particularly of fiber plexi in the molecular layer of the cerebral cortex (I), the external pyramidal layer (III), the internal pyramidal layer (V) and the multiform layer (VI). Another significant structural feature is its agranular appearance compared to the dysgranular appearance of the adjacent area 14r ( Carmichael-1994 ). \r\nIts human equivalent is area 14c ( Ongur-2003 ). For a possible equivalent in the rat and mouse brain see orbital areas (rodent). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 14c of Carmichael","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 14c","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"caudal area 14","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 14c (macaque)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 14 (macaque)","parentNeuroNamesId":"2971","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2971","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial cortex model (macaque)","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2992","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 24a of Carmichael","standardAcronym":"24a","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2992","cDefinition":"refers to a portion of the anterior cingulate gyrus that is defined on the basis of internal structure in the macaque. Located largely in the cortical bank of the callosal sulcus as it curves around the genu of the corpus callosum, it is one of three components of area 24o in the macaque as defined in Carmichael-1994. The others are area 24b of Carmichael and area 24c of Carmichael. This definition differs from that of area a24 as defined by Glasser-2016 and Vogt-2012 in that it extends beyond anterior cingulate cortex into midcingulate cortex, areas designated parts of area 24' by those authors.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 24a of Carmichael","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 24a","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"11"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 24a (macaque)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 24 of Carmichael - obsolete","parentNeuroNamesId":"2975","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2975","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial cortex model (macaque)","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2993","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 24b (macaque) - obsolete","standardAcronym":"","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2993","cDefinition":"","parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 24 of Carmichael - obsolete","parentNeuroNamesId":"2975","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2975","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial cortex model (macaque)","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2994","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 24c of Carmichael","standardAcronym":"24c","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2994","cDefinition":"refers to a portion of the limbic lobe and medial aspect of the frontal lobe that is defined on the basis of internal structure in the macaque. Located largely in the banks of the cingulate sulcus it is one of three components of area 24 of Carmichael in the medial prefrontal cortex (macaque). The other components are area 24a of Carmichael and area 24b of Carmichael. A feature that distinguishes area 24c from adjacent areas is the presence of many neurons stained for neurofilament protein by SMI-32 ( Carmichael-1994 ).\r\n'area 24c of Carmichael' represents an alternate segmentation of anterior cingulate cortex, namely, medial prefrontal cortex of Carmichael. Based on a different panel of staining criteria, it differs somewhat from area 24c, which is defined as a component of anterior cingulate cortex ( Vogt-2012 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 24c of Carmichael","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 24c","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"23"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 24c (macaque)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 24 of Carmichael - obsolete","parentNeuroNamesId":"2975","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2975","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial cortex model (macaque)","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2995","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 25 (macaque) obsolete","standardAcronym":"","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2995","cDefinition":"","parents":[{"parentStandardName":"medial prefrontal cortex (macaque)","parentNeuroNamesId":"2972","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2972","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial cortex model (macaque)","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2996","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 11m of Ongur","standardAcronym":"11m","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2996","cDefinition":"N/A"},{"neuroNamesID":"2997","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterior complex of the thalamus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2997","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells located inferior to the lateral dorsal nucleus and medial to the ventral posteromedial nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). It is part of the polymodal association thalamus in the Functional CNS Model - Rat (see Models Where It Appears below).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"posterior complex of the thalamus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"posterior complex of the thalamus","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"lateral group of the dorsal thalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"2882","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2882","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"2998","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventral anterior-lateral complex of the thalamus - obsolete","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2998","cDefinition":""},{"neuroNamesID":"2999","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"parvicellular region of the lateral hypothalamic area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2999","cDefinition":"refers to a group of small cells located at the lateral border of the lateral hypothalamic area just dorsal to the supraoptic decussations in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). It is one of twenty six regions, zones, and nuclei that constitute the motor lateral hypothalamus. Functionally it belongs to the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"lateral hypothalamic area, parvicellular region","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"parvicellular region of the lateral hypothalamic area","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"motor lateral hypothalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"2912","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2912","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3002","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area proS of Pandya","standardAcronym":"proS","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3002","cDefinition":"refers to somatic prokoniocortex located in the postcentral gyrus just caudal to the insula. It is defined on the basis of cytomyeloarchitecture in the macaque. The area corresponds to area SII of Woolsey ( Pandya-1973 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"prostriate area","synonymSource":"Seltzer-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Parietal, temporal, and occipital projections to cortex of the superior temporal sulcus in the rhesus monkey: a retrograde tracer study","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"prostriate cortex","synonymSource":"Morecraft-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Localization of area prostriata and its projection to the cingulate motor cortex in the rhesus monkey","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"area prostriata","synonymSource":"Morecraft-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Localization of area prostriata and its projection to the cingulate motor cortex in the rhesus monkey","pubMedHits":"7"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"somatic prokoniocortex","synonymSource":"Pandya-1973","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic parcellation of the temporal operculum in rhesus monkey and its projection pattern","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"area proS of Pandya","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3004","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"craniospinal nerves","standardAcronym":"CSN","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3004","cDefinition":"refers to the combination of cranial nerves and spinal nerves (Swanson-2004),","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"craniospinal nerves","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"craniospinal nerves","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"craniospinal nerves","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"craniospinal nerves","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"2870","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2870","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3005","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral olfactory tract, general","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3005","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"lateral olfactory tract, general","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"lateral olfactory tract, general","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"olfactory nerve","parentNeuroNamesId":"32","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=32","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3006","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"midbrain tract of the trigeminal nerve","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3006","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"midbrain tract of the trigeminal nerve","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"midbrain tract of the trigeminal nerve","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"sensory root of the trigeminal nerve","parentNeuroNamesId":"1403","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1403","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3007","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"spinohypothalamic pathway","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3007","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"spinohypothalamic pathway","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"spinohypothalamic pathway","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"spinothalamic tract","parentNeuroNamesId":"2058","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2058","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3008","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"spinotelencephalic pathway","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3008","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"spinotelencephalic pathway","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"spinothalamic tract","parentNeuroNamesId":"2058","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2058","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3009","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"hypothalamohypophysial tract","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3009","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"hypothalamohypophysial tract","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"hypothalamohypophysial tract","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"2"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"spinotelencephalic pathway","parentNeuroNamesId":"3008","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3008","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3010","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"cerebellar tracts","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3010","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"cerebellum related fiber tracts","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"cerebellum related fiber tracts","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cerebellar tracts","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"18"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"cerebellar tracts","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"18"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"cerebellar fiber tracts","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"4"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"2870","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2870","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3013","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"thalamus related lateral forebrain bundle system","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3013","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"lateral forebrain bundle system, thalamus related","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"lateral forebrain bundle system, thalamus related","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"thalamus related lateral forebrain bundle system","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"lateral forebrain bundle system","parentNeuroNamesId":"3042","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3042","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - 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It occupies the dorsomedial part of CA1 and consists of the pyramid-shaped neurons that are smaller and much more densely packed than those in the remainder of CA1 ( Rosene-1987 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"CA1' subfield of the hippocampus","synonymSource":"Dubach-2008","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroMaps - Macaque Brain Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"CA1' subfield","synonymSource":"Rosene-1987","synonymSourceTitle":"The Hippocampal Formation of the Primate Brain: A review of Some Comparative Aspects of Cytoarchitecture and Connections.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"dorsomedial CA1' subfield","synonymSource":"Rosene-1987","synonymSourceTitle":"The Hippocampal Formation of the Primate Brain: A review of Some Comparative Aspects of Cytoarchitecture and Connections.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"subfield CA1'","synonymSource":"Saunders-1988","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparison of the efferents of the amygdala and the hippocampal formation in the rhesus monkey: II. Reciprocal and non-reciprocal connections","pubMedHits":"1"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"stratum pyramidale of the CA1 field","parentNeuroNamesId":"2940","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2940","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3049","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"CA1 field-not otherwise specified","standardAcronym":"CA1-nos","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3049","cDefinition":"N/A"},{"neuroNamesID":"3050","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"periventricular bundle of the hypothalamus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3050","cDefinition":"refers to fibers in the hypothalamus ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"periventricular bundle of the hypothalamus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"periventricular bundle of the hypothalamus","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"periventricular fibers","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Fibrae periventriculares","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"перивентрикулярные волокна","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"hypothalamus related medial forebrain bundle system","parentNeuroNamesId":"3024","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3024","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3051","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"periventricular bundle of the thalamus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3051","cDefinition":"refers to fibers in the midline thalamus of the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) and the rat ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"periventricular bundle of the thalamus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"periventricular bundle of the thalamus","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"periventricular fiber system","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"3"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"dorsal thalamus related medial forebrain bundle system","parentNeuroNamesId":"3030","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3030","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3053","cNIDType":"h","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"outer portion of the medial globus pallidus","standardAcronym":"MGPo","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3053","cDefinition":"refers to one of two subdivisions of the medial globus pallidus. It is separated from the other subdivision—the inner portion of the medial globus pallidus—by the accessory medullary lamina ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"outer portion of the medial globus pallidus","synonymSource":"Dubach-2008","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroMaps - Macaque Brain Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"outer portion of the internal pallidal segment","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"outer portion of the medial pallidal segment","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Globus pallidus medialis, pars externa","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3054","cNIDType":"h","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"inner portion of the medial globus pallidus","standardAcronym":"MGPi","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3054","cDefinition":"refers to one of two subdivisions of the medial globus pallidus. It is separated from the other subdivision, the outer portion of the medial globus pallidus, by the accessory medullary lamina ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"inner portion of the medial globus pallidus","synonymSource":"Dubach-2008","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroMaps - Macaque Brain Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"inner portion of the internal pallidal segment","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"inner portion of the medial pallidal segment","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Globus pallidus medialis, pars interna","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3062","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"thalamus - not otherwise specified","standardAcronym":"Th-n","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3062","cDefinition":"refers to the unnamed portion of the thalamus in atlases in which the thalamus is not exhaustively segmented. The area designated is not necessarily the same from one atlas to another.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"thalamus - not otherwise specified","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"thalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"300","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=300","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3063","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"substantia innominata - not otherwise specified","standardAcronym":"SI-n","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3063","cDefinition":"refers to the unnamed portion of the substantia innominata in the macaque brain atlas of Dubach-2008."},{"neuroNamesID":"3064","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lenticular fasciculus","standardAcronym":"lfs","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3064","cDefinition":"refers to a pathway that runs from the medial globus pallidus through the internal capsule, field H2, field H and field H1 to terminate in the thalamus ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lenticular fasciculus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"12"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cerebral white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"189","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=189","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3065","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"amygdala - not otherwise specified","standardAcronym":"Amg-n","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3065","cDefinition":"refers to the unnamed portion of the amygdala in atlases in which the amygdala is not exhaustively segmented. The area designated is not necessarily the same from one atlas to another.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"amygdala - not otherwise specified","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"amygdala","parentNeuroNamesId":"237","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=237","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3112","cNIDType":"h","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Fluid Primary Structure","standardName":"body of the third ventricle","standardAcronym":"B3V","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3112","cDefinition":"refers to the main part of the third ventricle. Four other parts are the suprapineal recess, the pineal recess, the optic recess and the infundibular recess.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"body of the third ventricle","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Corpus (Ventriculus tertius)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"third ventricle","parentNeuroNamesId":"446","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=446","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"third ventricle","parentNeuroNamesId":"446","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=446","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3114","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"thalamostriate vein","standardAcronym":"tsv","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3114","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"thalamostriate vein","synonymSource":"Gray-1973","synonymSourceTitle":"Gray's Anatomy","pubMedHits":"15"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"terminal vein","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"12"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3115","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"layer CA1py","standardAcronym":"CA1py","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3115","cDefinition":"refers to a layer of the CA1 field as identified by MRI in the macaque (Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008). It corresponds to the combination of the pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus and the oriens layer of the hippocampus in the CA1 field.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"layer CA1py","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus","parentNeuroNamesId":"2457","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2457","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"layers CApy","parentNeuroNamesId":"3118","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3118","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3116","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"layer CA2py","standardAcronym":"CA2py","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3116","cDefinition":"refers to a layer of the CA2 field as identified by MRI in the macaque (Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008). It corresponds to the combination of the pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus and the oriens layer of the hippocampus in the CA2 field.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"layer CA2py","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus","parentNeuroNamesId":"2457","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2457","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"layers CApy","parentNeuroNamesId":"3118","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3118","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3117","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"layer CA3py","standardAcronym":"CA3py","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3117","cDefinition":"refers to a layer of the CA3 field as identified by MRI in the macaque (Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008). It corresponds to the combination of the pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus and the oriens layer of the hippocampus in the CA3 field.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"layer CA3py","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus","parentNeuroNamesId":"2457","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2457","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"layers CApy","parentNeuroNamesId":"3118","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3118","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3118","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"layers CApy","standardAcronym":"CApy","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3118","cDefinition":"refers to a layer of the CA fields as identified by MRI in the macaque (Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008). It corresponds to the combination of the pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus and the oriens layer of the hippocampus across the CA1 field, the CA2 field and the CA3 field.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"layers CApy","synonymSource":"Dubach-2008","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroMaps - Macaque Brain Atlas","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"CA fields","parentNeuroNamesId":"182","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=182","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3119","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral hypothalamic nucleus","standardAcronym":"LHy","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3119","cDefinition":"refers to a group of large cells located in the lateral hypothalamic area of the human ( Carpenter-1983 ). They may represent the lateral hypothalamic component of a group of large darkly staining neurons seen by Nissl stain to extend beyond the lateral hypothalamic area into the lateral edges of the medial nuclei of the hypothalamus, the lateral part of the posterior hypothalamic region and adjacent fields of Forel. See: large lateral hypothalamic neurons. Some neuroanatomists regard 'lateral hypothalamic nucleus' as a misnomer of an obsolete concept. The name is a misnomer, because the cells do not form a nucleus, i.e., are not a localized clustering of cells that share morphology, connections or neurotransmitter. The concept is obsolete, because the cells are now known to be distributed well beyond the bounds of the lateral hypothamic area ( Saper-2004; Saper personal communication ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nukleus lateral hipotalamus","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral hypothalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"34"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus hypothalamicus lateralis","synonymSource":"Riley-1943","synonymSourceTitle":"An Atlas Of The Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem And Spinal Cord (Based On Myelin-Stained Material)","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo ipotalamic laterale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3120","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"large lateral hypothalamic neurons","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3120","cDefinition":"refers to a group of neurons identified by Nissl stain; they are located primarily in the lateral hypothalamic area, but also in adjacent parts of medial nuclei of the hypothalamus, the posterior hypothalamic region and the fields of Forel. They appear in both humans and rats; they are more prominent in the human and more differentiated into subgroups in the rat ( Saper-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"large lateral hypothalamic neurons","synonymSource":"Saper-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Hypothalamus","pubMedHits":"402"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3121","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"cerebellomedullary fissure","standardAcronym":"cmf","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3121","cDefinition":"refers to the cleft between the cerebellum and the medulla identified by dissection ( Mussi-2000 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cerebellomedullary fissure","synonymSource":"Mussi-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Telovelar approach to the fourth ventricle: microsurgical anatomy","pubMedHits":"23"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3122","cNIDType":"h","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","standardName":"intermediate nucleus of the preoptic area","standardAcronym":"IPA","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3122","cDefinition":"refers to a collection of nerve cells identified by Nissl stain located dorsal and medial to the supraoptic nucleus in the preoptic area of the human and macaque . It is sometimes mistaken for a component of the accessory neurosecretory nuclei. It is judged on the basis of galanin-staining to be the primate equivalent of the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus in the rodent. The nucleus has been related functionally to male sexuality and to sleep regulation ( Saper-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"intermediate nucleus of the preoptic area","synonymSource":"Saper-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Hypothalamus","pubMedHits":"145"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventrolateral preoptic nucleus","synonymSource":"Saper-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Hypothalamus","pubMedHits":"43"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"sexually dimorphic nucleus","synonymSource":"Saper-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Hypothalamus","pubMedHits":"205"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"intermediate nucleus","synonymSource":"Saper-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Hypothalamus","pubMedHits":"215"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"interstitial nucleus of the anterior hypothalamus 1","synonymSource":"Saper-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Hypothalamus","pubMedHits":"23"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"ventrolateral preoptic nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"46"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"ventrolateral preoptic nucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure Of The Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"46"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Nucleus intermedius area preoptica","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"2"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"preoptic area","parentNeuroNamesId":"377","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=377","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Classical Primate Brain","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"behavioral state system","parentNeuroNamesId":"2875","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2875","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3123","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"obex","standardAcronym":"obxa","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3123","cDefinition":"refers to the membranous cover of the obex angle at the caudal extreme of the fourth ventricle as viewed on gross dissection ( Crosby-1962 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"obeks","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Obex","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Riegel","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"Querbalken","synonymSource":"Schultze-1993","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomisches Wörterbuch","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3125","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"nuclei of stria terminalis","standardAcronym":"","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3125","cDefinition":"refers to a reconceptualization of the classical nucleus of stria terminalis that is based on multiple stains and connectivity. The nuclei include subdivisions of the nucleus of stria terminalis together with groups of similar cells distributed through the anterior hypothalamic region and dorsal part of substantia innominata to the central amygdalar nucleus. Whereas the classical nucleus of stria terminalis is categorized with the septal nuclei ( Andy-1968 ), the current, broader structural concept is assigned to different nuclear groups by different authors. For example, it is classified as part of the extended amygdala ( Heimer-1995 ) and, in the Functional CNS Model - Rat, it is classified as part of the extended pallidum ( Swanson-2004 ). Also, the structure is subdivided differently with partially overlapping terminologies in the human ( six parts in Mai-2004 ), the macaque ( ten parts in Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( sixteen parts in Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( eight parts in Hof-2000 ). In the Functional CNS Model, which is based on the rat, the parts are divided into two groups, the anterior nuclei of stria terminalis and the posterior nuclei of stria terminalis.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleus of stria terminalis","synonymSource":"Olmos-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Amygdala","pubMedHits":"200"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"nuclei of stria terminalis","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"7"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"bed nuclei of the stria terminalis","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"bed nuclei stria terminalis (Johnston)","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"nuclei of stria terminalis","synonymSource":"Szabo-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"A stereotaxic atlas of the brain of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)","pubMedHits":"6"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"extended pallidum","parentNeuroNamesId":"2673","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2673","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3126","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus alaris-rotundus","standardAcronym":"A-Rtd","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3126","cDefinition":"refers to a composite nucleus located rostromedially in the thalamus of the macaque. It consists of two nuclei identified in Olszewski-1952: Nucleus alaris (Olszewski) and Nucleus rotundus ( Ilinsky-2002 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"nucleus A-Rtd","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Nucleus alaris-rotundus","synonymSource":"Ilinsky-2002","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereotactic Atlas of the Macaca mulatta Thalamus and Adjacent Basal Ganglia Nuclei","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3127","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anteromedial-anteroventral nucleus","standardAcronym":"AM-AV","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3127","cDefinition":"refers to a composite nucleus located in the anterior nuclear group of the thalamus of the macaque. It consists of two nuclei, the anteromedial nucleus of the thalamus and the anteroventral nucleus of the thalamus ( Ilinsky-2002 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"anteromedial-anteroventral nucleus","synonymSource":"Ilinsky-2002","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereotactic Atlas of the Macaca mulatta Thalamus and Adjacent Basal Ganglia Nuclei","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"nucleus AM-AV","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3128","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Nucleus centralis superior-inferior","standardAcronym":"CS-I","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3128","cDefinition":"refers to a composite nucleus located in the midline nuclear group and intralaminar nuclear group of the thalamus of the macaque. It consists of two nuclei identified in Olszewski-1952: the Nucleus centralis superior thalami and the Nucleus centralis inferior thalami ( Ilinsky-2002 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"nucleus CS-CI","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Nucleus centralis superior-centralis inferior","synonymSource":"Ilinsky-2002","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereotactic Atlas of the Macaca mulatta Thalamus and Adjacent Basal Ganglia Nuclei","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Nucleus centralis superior-inferior","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3129","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"magno-parvicellular part of the medial dorsal nucleus","standardAcronym":"MDm-pc","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3129","cDefinition":"refers to a composite part of the medial dorsal nucleus of the thalamus in the macaque. It includes the magnocellular part of the medial dorsal nucleus and the parvicellular part of the medial dorsal nucleus ( Ilinsky-2002 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"magno-parvicellular part of the medial dorsal nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Mixed","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"mediodorsal nucleus, pars magno- and parvicellularis","synonymSource":"Ilinsky-2002","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereotactic Atlas of the Macaca mulatta Thalamus and Adjacent Basal Ganglia Nuclei","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3130","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"paraventricular-paratenial nucleus","standardAcronym":"PV-PT","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3130","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure in the midline nuclear group of the thalamus in the macaque. It includes the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus and the paratenial nucleus ( Ilinsky-2002 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"paraventricular-paratenial nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"nucleus PV-PT","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"Nucleus paraventricularis-parataenialis","synonymSource":"Ilinsky-2002","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereotactic Atlas of the Macaca mulatta Thalamus and Adjacent Basal Ganglia Nuclei","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3131","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"basal nucleus of the amygdala - not otherwise specified","standardAcronym":"BA-n","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3131","cDefinition":"refers to the unnamed portion of the basal nucleus of the amygdala in atlases in which the basal nucleus of the amygdala is not fully segmented. The structure is not necessarily the same in different atlases.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"basal nucleus of the amygdala - not otherwise specified","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"basolateral nucleus of the amygdala","parentNeuroNamesId":"246","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=246","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3132","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"cortical white matter","standardAcronym":"cow","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3132","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure of the endbrain as defined by dissection or stains for Nissl substance and myelin. It includes white matter located between subcortical structures and the cerebral cortex, namely: frontal white matter, parietal white matter, temporal white matter, occipital lobe white matter, limbic white matter and semioval center ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"cortical white matter","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"152"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cerebral white matter","parentNeuroNamesId":"189","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=189","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3133","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"homotypic cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3133","cDefinition":"refers to those areas of the neocortex that retain into adulthood the homogeneous six- layered internal structure of neocortex in the third trimester of gestation. It is contrasted to heterotypic cortex, which is neocortex that does not retain the fetal six-layered pattern. By far the majority of neocortical areas remain homotypic ( Brodmann-1909 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"homotypic cortex ","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"homotypical formations","synonymSource":"Garey-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Brodmann's 'Localisation in the Cerebral Cortex'","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"homotypical cortex","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"eulaminate cortex","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"homotypische Formationen","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"homotypisch Isocortex","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"homotypisch Neokortex","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"corteza homotípica","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"área homotípica","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3134","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"thalamocortical systems","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3134","cDefinition":"refers to the reciprocal pathways, or 'loops', of neuronal fibers that run in the thalamocortical radiations to interconnect specific nuclei of the thalamus with specific areas of neocortex. Some involve connections through nuclei of the basal ganglia. In mammals they constitute the major part of the brain. ( Scholarpedia ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"thalamocortical loop","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"100"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mammal","synonymName":"thalamocortical system","synonymSource":"Scholarpedia","synonymSourceTitle":"Encyclopedia of computational neuroscience","pubMedHits":"159"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3135","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"monoaminergic cell groups","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3135","cDefinition":"usually refers to collections of neurons in the central nervous system that have been demonstrated by histochemical fluorescence to contain one of the neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine ( Fuxe-1970 ) or epinephrine ( Kitahama-1994 ). Thus, it represents the combination of catecholaminergic cell groups and serotonergic cell groups .","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"monoamine cell groups","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"5"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"monoaminergic cell groups","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"monoamine-containing cell groups","synonymSource":"Felten-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Monoamine distribution in primate brain V. Monoaminergic nuclei: anatomy, pathways and local organization.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"monoaminergic nuclei","synonymSource":"Felten-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Monoamine distribution in primate brain V. Monoaminergic nuclei: anatomy, pathways and local organization.","pubMedHits":"62"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"Monoamine Cell Groups","parentNeuroNamesId":"2809","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2809","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Monoamine Cell Groups","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3136","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"catecholaminergic cell groups","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3136","cDefinition":"refers to collections of neurons in the central nervous system that have been demonstrated by histochemical fluorescence to contain one of the neurotransmitters dopamine or norepinephrine. Thus, it represents the combination of dopaminergic cell groups and noradrenergic cell groups ( Fuxe-1970 ). Some authors include in this category 'putative' adrenergic cell groups, collections of neurons that stain for PNMT, the enzyme that converts norepinephrine to epinephrine (adrenalin) ( Kitahama-1994 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"catecholamine cell groups","synonymSource":"Smeets-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Catecholamines in the CNS of vertebrates: current concepts of evolution and functional significance","pubMedHits":"73"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"catecholaminergic cell groups","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"94"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"catecholamine-containing cell groups","synonymSource":"Felten-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Monoamine distribution in primate brain V. Monoaminergic nuclei: anatomy, pathways and local organization.","pubMedHits":"8"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"catecholaminergic nuclei","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"40"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"monoaminergic cell groups","parentNeuroNamesId":"3135","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3135","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Monoamine Cell Groups","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3137","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"serotonergic cell groups","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3137","cDefinition":"refers to collections of neurons in the central nervous system that have been demonstrated by histochemical fluorescence to contain the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) ( Fuxe-1970 ). The serotonergic cell groups are named B1 cell group, B2 cell group, B3 cell group, B4 cell group, B5 cell group, B6 cell group, B7 cell group, B8 cell group, and B9 cell group ( Felten-1983 ). Since they are for the most part localized to classical brainstem nuclei, particularly the raphe nuclei (classical), they are more often referred to by the names of those nuclei than by the B1-9 nomenclature. ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"serotonergic cell groups","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"29"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"5-HT cell groups","synonymSource":"Ungerstedt-1971","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereotaxic mapping of the monoamine pathways in the rat brain","pubMedHits":"11"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"serotonergic nuclei","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"45"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"serotonin nuclei","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"2"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"monoaminergic cell groups","parentNeuroNamesId":"3135","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3135","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Monoamine Cell Groups","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3138","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dopaminergic cell groups","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3138","cDefinition":"refers to collections of neurons in the central nervous system that have been demonstrated by histochemical fluorescence to contain the neurotransmitter dopamine ( Fuxe-1970 ). They are named A8 cell group, A9 cell group, A10 cell group, A11 cell group, A12 cell group, A13 cell group, A14 cell group, A15 cell group, A16 cell group, A17 cell group ( Smeets-1994 ), Aaq cell group ( Felten-1983 ) and telencephalic DA cell group ( Dubach-1994 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"dopaminergic cell groups","synonymSource":"Ungerstedt-1971","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereotaxic mapping of the monoamine pathways in the rat brain","pubMedHits":"85"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"DA cell groups","synonymSource":"Ungerstedt-1971","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereotaxic mapping of the monoamine pathways in the rat brain","pubMedHits":"2231"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"dopaminergic nuclei","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"64"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"catecholaminergic cell groups","parentNeuroNamesId":"3136","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3136","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Monoamine Cell Groups","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3139","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"noradrenergic cell groups","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3139","cDefinition":"refers to collections of neurons in the central nervous system that have been demonstrated by histochemical fluorescence to contain the neurotransmitter norepinephrine (noradrenalin) ( Fuxe-1970 ). They are named A1 cell group, A2 cell group, A4 cell group, A5 cell group, A6 cell group, A7 cell group ( Smeets-1994 ), A6sc cell group ( German-1975 ) and Acg cell group ( Felten-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"noradrenergic cell groups","synonymSource":"Ungerstedt-1971","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereotaxic mapping of the monoamine pathways in the rat brain","pubMedHits":"82"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"NE cell groups","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"6"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"NA cell groups","synonymSource":"Ungerstedt-1971","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereotaxic mapping of the monoamine pathways in the rat brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"noradrenergic nuclei","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"45"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"catecholaminergic cell groups","parentNeuroNamesId":"3136","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3136","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Monoamine Cell Groups","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3140","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"adrenergic cell groups","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3140","cDefinition":"refers to collections of neurons in the central nervous system that stain for PNMT, the enzyme that converts norepinephrine to epinephrine (adrenalin). Thus, it is postulated that the neurotransmitter they produce may be epinephrine (adrenalin) . Located in the medulla, they are named C1 cell group, C2 cell group, and C3 cell group ( Smeets-1994 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"adrenergic cell groups","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"23"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"adrenergic cell populations","synonymSource":"Smeets-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Catecholamines in the CNS of vertebrates: current concepts of evolution and functional significance","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"adrenergic nuclei","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"6"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"catecholaminergic cell groups","parentNeuroNamesId":"3136","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3136","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Monoamine Cell Groups","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3141","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal zone of the medial part of the entorhinal area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3141","cDefinition":"refers to one of two subdivisions of the medial part of the entorhinal area in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) The other is the ventral zone of the medial part of the entorhinal area.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"entorhinal area, medial part, dorsal zone, layers 1-6","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"Entorhinal area, medial part, dorsal zone","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"dorsal zone of the medial part of the entorhinal area","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"medial part of the entorhinal area","parentNeuroNamesId":"2737","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2737","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3142","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventral zone of the medial part of the entorhinal area","standardAcronym":"ENTmv","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3142","cDefinition":"refers to one of two subdivisions of the medial part of the entorhinal area in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) The other is the dorsal zone of the medial part of the entorhinal area.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"entorhinal area, medial part, ventral zone [Haug]","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"Entorhinal area, medial part, ventral zone","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"ventral zone of the medial part of the entorhinal area","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"medial part of the entorhinal area","parentNeuroNamesId":"2737","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2737","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3143","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterior hypothalamic nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3143","cDefinition":"refers to one of two divisions of the anterior hypothalamic area as defined by Nissl stain in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). It is not found in the human ( Saper-2004 ) or macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ). It differs from the other division, the anterior hypothalamic area proper, in that the cellular distribution is more compact. In the rat and mouse the nucleus is composed of four parts: the anterior part of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus, the central part of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus, the posterior part of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus and the dorsal part of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus. Functionally it is part of the behavior control column of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"anterior hypothalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"286"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"anterior hypothalamic area","synonymSource":"Paxinos-1986","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"414"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"anterior hypothalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"286"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"behavior control column","parentNeuroNamesId":"2895","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2895","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3144","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterior part of the anterior hypothalamic area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3144","cDefinition":"refers to a portion of the anterior hypothalamic area of the macaque defined on the basis of Nissl stain ( Paxinos-2009 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"anterior part of the anterior hypothalamic area","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009a","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain, Second Edition","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3145","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial preoptic nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3145","cDefinition":"refers to a collection of cells in the medial preoptic area demonstrated by Nissl stain in the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). It is not found in the human ( Saper-2004 ). It is divided into a medial part of the medial preoptic nucleus and lateral part of the medial preoptic nucleus in all three species. The rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Dong-2004 ) have a central part of the medial preoptic nucleus as well. Functionally it is part of the behavior control column of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"medial preoptic nucleus","synonymSource":"Bowden-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"A digital Rosetta stone for primate brain terminology","pubMedHits":"534"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"medial preoptic nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009a","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain, Second Edition","pubMedHits":"18"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"behavior control column","parentNeuroNamesId":"2895","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2895","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3146","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral part of the medial preoptic nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3146","cDefinition":"refers to one of two or three parts of the medial preoptic nucleus in the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ) the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). All three species have a medial part of the medial preoptic nucleus. The rat and the mouse have in addition a central part of the medial preoptic nucleus. Functionally the medial preoptic nucleus is part of the behavior control column of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"medial preoptic nucleus, lateral part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"lateral part of the medial preoptic nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"medial preoptic nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"3145","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3145","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3147","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial part of the medial preoptic nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3147","cDefinition":"refers to one of two or three parts of the medial preoptic nucleus in the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ) the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). All three species have a lateral part of the medial preoptic nucleus. The rat and the mouse have in addition a central part of the medial preoptic nucleus. Functionally the medial preoptic nucleus is part of the behavior control column of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"medial preoptic nucleus, medial part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"medial part of the medial preoptic nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"medial preoptic nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"3145","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3145","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3148","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"central part of the medial preoptic nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3148","cDefinition":"refers to one of three parts of the medial preoptic nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). The others are the medial part of the medial preoptic nucleus and the lateral part of the medial preoptic nucleus. Functionally the medial preoptic nucleus is part of the behavior control column of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"medial preoptic nucleus, central part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"central part of the medial preoptic nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"medial preoptic nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"3145","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3145","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3149","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"shell of the suprachiasmatic nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3149","cDefinition":"refers to one of two divisions of the suprachiasmatic nucleus as demonstrated by Nissl and vasopressin stains in the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Dong-2004 ). It is distinguishable by stain for vasopressin in the human, but not by Nissl stain ( Saper-2012 ). The other is the core of the suprachiasmatic nucleus. ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"suprachiasmatic nucleus, dorsal part","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009a","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain, Second Edition","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Suprachiasmatic nucleus, dorsomedial region","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"dorsal part of the suprachiasmatic nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"suprachiasmatic hypothalamic nucleus, dorsal part","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009a","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain, Second Edition","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"suprachiasmatic nucleus, dorsolateral part","synonymSource":"Franklin-2008","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"shell of the suprachiasmatic nucleus","synonymSource":"Saper-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Hypothalamus","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"suprachiasmatic nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"384","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=384","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3150","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"core of the suprachiasmatic nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3150","cDefinition":"refers to one of two divisions of the suprachiasmatic nucleus as demonstrated by Nissl stain in the macaque ( Paxinos-2009 ), rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Dong-2004 ). It is distinguishable by failure to stain for vasopressin in the human, but not by Nissl stain ( Saper-2012 ). The other is the doral part of the suprachiasmatic nucleus. The other is the shell of the suprachiasmatic nucleus.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"suprachiasmatic nucleus, ventral part","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009a","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain, Second Edition","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Suprachiasmatic nucleus, ventromedial part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"ventral part of the suprachiasmatic nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"core of the suprachiasmatic nucleus","synonymSource":"Saper-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Hypothalamus","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"suprachiasmatic nucleus, ventrolateral region","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"suprachiasmatic nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"384","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=384","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3151","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsolateral part of the supraoptic nucleus","standardAcronym":"SOdl","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3151","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the supraoptic nucleus as demonstrated by Nissl stain in the human ( Mai-1997 ), macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Hof-2000 ). Also called 'supraoptic nucleus proper', it is located at the lateral boundary of the hypothalamus. It extends from the anterior hypothalamic region, where it lies dorsal to the optic chiasm, into the intermediate hypothalamic region, where it moves laterally to the dorsolateral surface of the optic tract. The other part is the retrochiasmatic part of the supraoptic nucleus. Functionally both belong to the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"supraoptic nucleus, dorsolateral part","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"dorsolateral part of the supraoptic nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"supraoptic nucleus, proper","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"supraoptic nucleus proper","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"supraoptic nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"385","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=385","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3152","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsomedial part of the ventromedial nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3152","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus in some humans ( Saper-2004 ) and the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ); it is one of four parts in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Dong-2004 ). It is defined on the basis of Nissl stain. Another part in both primates and rodents is the ventrolateral part of the ventromedial nucleus. The remaining parts in the rat and mouse are the anterior part of the ventromedial nucleus and the central part of the ventromedial nucleus. Functionally it is part of the behavior control column of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, dorsomedial part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"dorsomedial part of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, dorsomedial part","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009a","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain, Second Edition","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, dorsomedial part","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"398","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=398","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3153","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventrolateral part of the ventromedial nucleus","standardAcronym":"VMHvl","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3153","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus in some humans ( Saper-2004 ) and the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ); it is one of four parts in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). It is defined on the basis of Nissl stain. Another part in both primates and rodents is the dorsomedial part of the ventromedial nucleus. The remaining parts in the rat and mouse are the anterior part of the ventromedial nucleus and the central part of the ventromedial nucleus. Functionally it is part of the behavior control column of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, ventrolateral part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"ventrolateral part of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, ventrolateral part","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009a","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain, Second Edition","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, ventrolateral part","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"398","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=398","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3154","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterior part of the ventromedial nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3154","cDefinition":"refers to one of four parts of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). It is defined on the basis of Nissl stain. The other parts in the rat and mouse are the dorsomedial part of the ventromedial nucleus, the ventrolateral part of the ventromedial nucleus and the central part of the ventromedial nucleus. The anterior and central parts are not distinguished in the human ( Saper-2004 ) or the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ). Functionally it is part of the behavior control column of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, anterior part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"anterior part of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, anterior part","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"398","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=398","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3155","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"central part of the ventromedial nucleus","standardAcronym":"VMHc","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3155","cDefinition":"refers to one of four parts of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). It is defined on the basis of Nissl stain. The other parts are the dorsomedial part of the ventromedial nucleus, the ventrolateral part of the ventromedial nucleus and the anterior part of the ventromedial nucleus. The anterior and central parts are not distinguished in the human ( Saper-2004 ) or the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ). Functionally it is part of the behavior control column of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, central part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, central part","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"central part of the ventromedial nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"398","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=398","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3156","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"magnocellular tuberomammillary nuclei","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3156","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure of three cell groups found in the posterior hypothalamic region of the rat. It is defined on the basis of large oval cells that stain darkly for Nissl substance and also stain by immunohistochemistry for GAD and Met-Enk-Arg6-Phe7 heptapeptide. The cell groups include the ventral tuberomammillary nucleus, the dorsal tuberomammillary nucleus and the diffuse tuberomammillary nucleus. Together they form a 'shell' around ventral parts of the ventral premammillary nucleus, the lateral mammillary nucleus and the medial mammillary nucleus ( Koehler-1985 ). Functionally they are part of the behavioral state system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"magnocellular tuberomammillary nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"tuberomammillary nucleus","synonymSource":"Koehler-1985","synonymSourceTitle":"The Cytoarchitecture, Histochemistry and Projections of the Tuberomammillary Nucleus in the Rat","pubMedHits":"236"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"tuberomammillary complex","synonymSource":"Koehler-1985","synonymSourceTitle":"The Cytoarchitecture, Histochemistry and Projections of the Tuberomammillary Nucleus in the Rat","pubMedHits":"7"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"caudal magnocellular nuclei","synonymSource":"Koehler-1985","synonymSourceTitle":"The Cytoarchitecture, Histochemistry and Projections of the Tuberomammillary Nucleus in the Rat","pubMedHits":"8"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"behavioral state system","parentNeuroNamesId":"2875","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2875","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3157","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"hippocampus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3157","cDefinition":"refers to three overlapping anatomical concepts. Histologists and neurophysiologists tend to mean the CA fields ( Nomina-1983 ), also known as 'hippocampus proper', to designate most precisely the location of their cells of interest. Psychologists, neuroimagers and neurosurgeons tend to mean the hippocampal formation, which includes the CA fields, the dentate gyrus, the subiculum and associated white matter structures ( Crosby-1962 ), because that is the level of anatomical resolution that correlates best with the functions that interest them. Comparative anatomists and biologists tend to use the term to mean the entire archicortex, which includes the hippocampal formation, the fasciola cinerea, the supracallosal gyrus and the paraterminal gyrus, because all of those structures develop from the same part of the embryonic brain ( Stephan-1975 ). Click the one that you have in mind.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"hippocampus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"79197"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3158","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"diffuse tuberomammillary nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3158","cDefinition":"refers to the central of three components of the magnocellular tuberomammillary nuclei that are identifiable by Nissl stain in the posterior hypothalamic region of the rat. It consists of large darkly stained neurons scattered across parts of the posterior periventricular nucleus, the lateral hypothalamic area and the ventral premammillary nucleus between the other two components of the magnocellular tuberomammillary nuclei: the dorsal tuberomammillary nucleus dorsomedially and the tuberomammillary nucleus ventrolaterally ( Koehler-1985 ).\r\n ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"diffuse tuberomammillary nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"tuberomammillary nucleus, diffuse part","synonymSource":"Koehler-1985","synonymSourceTitle":"The Cytoarchitecture, Histochemistry and Projections of the Tuberomammillary Nucleus in the Rat","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"reptile","synonymName":"diffuse part of the tuberomammillary nucleus","synonymSource":"Koehler-1985","synonymSourceTitle":"The Cytoarchitecture, Histochemistry and Projections of the Tuberomammillary Nucleus in the Rat","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3159","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral spinal nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3159","cDefinition":"refers to a cell column within the posterior gray column of the spinal cord of the rat. Identified by Nissl stain, it is located laterally in the basal nucleus of the dorsal horn, general ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"lateral spinal nucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"73"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"basal nucleus of the dorsal horn, general","parentNeuroNamesId":"3357","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3357","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3160","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"parieto-dependent motor areas","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3160","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure in the precentral gyrus defined on the basis of connectivity in the macaque ( Matelli-2004 ). It consists of areas in the caudal part of the gyrus that receive their primary input from the parietal lobe: the primary motor cortex (F1), the caudal part of dorsal secondary motor cortex (F2), the SMA proper (F3) and the ventral secondary motor cortex (F4 and F5). It is contrasted to the prefronto-dependent motor areas, which receive primary input from the prefrontal cortex (macaque).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"parieto-dependent motor areas","synonymSource":"Matelli-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Motor Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3161","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"prefronto-dependent motor areas","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3161","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure in the precentral gyrus defined on the basis of connectivity in the macaque ( Matelli-2004 ). It consists of areas in the rostral part of the gyrus that receive their primary input from the prefrontal cortex (macaque): pre-SMA (F6) and the rostral part of dorsal secondary motor cortex (F7). It is contrasted to the parieto-dependent motor areas, which receive primary input from the parietal lobe.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"prefronto-dependent motor areas","synonymSource":"Matelli-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Motor Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3162","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"VCA line","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3162","cDefinition":"refers to the vertical axis of the human brain in Talairach space. It passes through the caudal-most point of the anterior commissure in the midline as viewed by ventriculography. It lies in the mid-sagittal plane and is perpendicular to the bicommissural line, which in Talairach space passes through the most dorsal point of the anterior commissure and most ventral point of the posterior commissure in the mid-sagittal plane ( Talairach-1988 ). The Talairach coordinate system is widely used in human MRI studies. \r\nIn other stereotaxic frameworks, particularly for research on the macaque, the origin is placed at the center of the anterior commissure with the bicommissural line passing through the center of the posterior commissure ( Bowden-2000 ); or the origin is located at the intersection of the interaural line with the mid-sagittal plane ( Paxinos-2000 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"VCA line","synonymSource":"Talairach-1988","synonymSourceTitle":"Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"verticofrontal line","synonymSource":"Talairach-1988","synonymSourceTitle":"Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Y Axis","synonymSource":"Talairach-1988","synonymSourceTitle":"Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3163","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventral secondary motor cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3163","cDefinition":"refers to one of three areas of secondary motor cortex defined on the basis of internal structure, connections and function in the human and the macaque ( Matelli-2004 ). In the human it is located in the caudal parts of the inferior frontal gyrus including portions of the triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus and the opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus. It is identified with the inferior part of area 6 of Brodmann (human), area 44 of Brodmann and possibly area 45 of Brodmann. In the macaque the ventral secondary motor cortex is located in the inferior portion of the precentral gyrus. It is identified with the inferior part of area 6 of Brodmann (guenon) that is not occupied by primary motor cortex, and it is composed of two parts: the rostral part of ventral secondary motor cortex (PMVr) and the caudal part of ventral secondary motor cortex (PMVc). These structures are involved in: 1) the motor aspect of speech,as Broca's area in the human; 2) hand movements in both human and macaque; and 3) recognition of hand movements made by another individual ( mirror function ) in both species. The other components of secondary motor cortex are the dorsal secondary motor cortex and the mesial secondary motor cortex.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"ventral premotor cortex","synonymSource":"Matelli-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Motor Cortex","pubMedHits":"309"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area PMV","synonymSource":"Matelli-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Motor Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"ventral secondary motor cortex","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"secondary motor cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"2331","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2331","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Primate Motor Cortex","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"secondary motor cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"2331","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2331","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3164","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal secondary motor cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3164","cDefinition":"refers to one of three areas of secondary motor cortex defined on the basis of internal structure, connections and function in the human and the macaque ( Matelli-2004 ). In both species it is located in the rostral part of the precentral gyrus and caudal part of the superior frontal gyrus, In both species it is also associated with the superior part of area 6a of Vogts and subdivided into the caudal part of dorsal secondary motor cortex and rostral part of dorsal secondary motor cortex. The other components of secondary motor cortex are the ventral secondary motor cortex and the mesial secondary motor cortex.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal premotor cortex","synonymSource":"Matelli-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Motor Cortex","pubMedHits":"335"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"superior area 6","synonymSource":"Matelli-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Motor Cortex","pubMedHits":"8"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area PMD","synonymSource":"Matelli-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Motor Cortex","pubMedHits":"22"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"dorsal secondary motor cortex","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"secondary motor cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"2331","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2331","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Primate Motor Cortex","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"secondary motor cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"2331","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2331","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3165","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"rostral part of ventral secondary motor cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3165","cDefinition":"refers to the more anterior of two areas of ventral secondary motor cortex defined on the basis of internal structure, connections and function in the macaque ( Matelli-2004 ). Electrical stimulation of the area elicits coordinated goal-directed motor acts of the hand and/or mouth. Neuronal firing there is associated with visual inputs and motor actions toward three-dimensional objects. It consists of two sectors: area F5ab and area F5c. The other area is the caudal part of ventral secondary motor cortex (area F4).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"rostral part of ventral premotor cortex","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"48"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area F5","synonymSource":"Matelli-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Motor Cortex","pubMedHits":"69"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"ventral sector of area 6, rostral part","synonymSource":"Matelli-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Motor Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"ventral premotor cortex, rostral part","synonymSource":"Matelli-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Motor Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area PMVr","synonymSource":"Matelli-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Motor Cortex","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"rostral part of ventral secondary motor cortex","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"ventral secondary motor cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3163","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3163","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Primate Motor Cortex","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"ventral secondary motor cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3163","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3163","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3166","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"caudal part of ventral secondary motor cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3166","cDefinition":"refers to the more posterior of two areas of ventral secondary motor cortex defined in the precentral gyrus of the macaque on the basis of internal structure, connections and function ( Matelli-2004 ). Electrical stimulation of the area elicits movements of the upper body: arms, neck, face and mouth. Neurons in the area fire in response to touch and to visual stimuli. The response fields of neurons that respond to stimuli of both modalities cover the same body part(s) regardless of the direction of gaze. Some fire during arm movements toward or a way from the body, others during movements of the face and mouth. The caudal part of ventral secondary motor cortex in the macaque is also known as area F4. The more anterior area is the rostral part of ventral secondary motor cortexx (area F5).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"caudal part of ventral premotor cortex","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area F4","synonymSource":"Matelli-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Motor Cortex","pubMedHits":"14"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"ventral sector of area 6, caudal part","synonymSource":"Matelli-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Motor Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"ventral premotor cortex, caudal part","synonymSource":"Matelli-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Motor Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area PMVc","synonymSource":"Matelli-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Motor Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"caudal part of ventral secondary motor cortex","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"ventral secondary motor cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3163","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3163","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Primate Motor Cortex","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"ventral secondary motor cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3163","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3163","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3167","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"mesial secondary motor cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3167","cDefinition":"refers to one of three areas of secondary motor cortex defined on the basis of internal structure, neurochemistry, connections and function in the human and the macaque ( Matelli-2004 ). In both species it is located on the mesial surface of the rostral part of the precentral gyrus and caudal part of the superior frontal gyrus. It is associated with the mesial part of area 6a of Vogts (mesial part of area 6 of Brodmann). It is divided into two parts: pre-SMA, which is involved in the sequencing of movements and SMA proper, which is involved in the execution of movements. The other components of secondary motor cortex are the dorsal secondary motor cortex and the ventral secondary motor cortex.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"primate","synonymName":"mesial premotor cortex","synonymSource":"Matelli-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Motor Cortex","pubMedHits":"11"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"supplementary motor area","synonymSource":"Matelli-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Motor Cortex","pubMedHits":"2028"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"mesial area 6","synonymSource":"Matelli-1986","synonymSourceTitle":"Afferent and efferent projections of the inferior area 6 in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"7"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"mesial premotor area","synonymSource":"Matelli-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Motor Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"mesial secondary motor cortex","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"secondary motor cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"2331","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2331","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Primate Motor Cortex","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"secondary motor cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"2331","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2331","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3168","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area F5ab","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3168","cDefinition":"refers to one of two sectors of the rostral part of ventral secondary motor cortex in the precentral gyrus; it is defined on the basis of internal structure, connectivity and function in the macaque ( Matelli-2004 ). The other is area F5c. Located in the posterior bank of the inferior ramus of the arcuate sulcus, area F5ab contains cells that contribute to the corticospinal tract. It's neurons are active during the viewing of three-dimensional objects suitable for grasping or manipulation and with the act of grasping or manipulation, but not with the individual muscle movements involved in the act. Area F5ab receives inputs primarily from area AIP of the parietal lobe; it receives relatively little input from prefrontal cortex (macaque).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area F5ab","synonymSource":"Matelli-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Motor Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"rostral part of ventral secondary motor cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3165","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3165","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Primate Motor Cortex","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"rostral part of ventral secondary motor cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3165","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3165","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3169","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area F5c","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3169","cDefinition":"refers to one of two sectors of the rostral part of ventral secondary motor cortex in the precentral gyrus; it is defined on the basis of internal structure, connectivity and function in the macaque ( Matelli-2004 ). The other is area F5ab. Area F5c is located in the convexity of the precentral gyrus immediately adjacent to the inferior ramus of the arcuate sulcus and is considered the macaque equivalent of Broca's area in the human. The predominant input to area F5c is from area PT of the parietal lobe. It's involvement in motor acts is similar to that of area F5ab. It's visual function, however, is quite different. During observation of another animal performing an act, such as grasping an object, the same cells are activated as when the animal itself performs the act, the 'mirror neuron' phenomenon. Unlike cells in F5ab, cells in F5c do not respond during observation of the object alone. ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area F5c","synonymSource":"Matelli-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Motor Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"F5 of the cortical convexity","synonymSource":"Matelli-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Motor Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"rostral part of ventral secondary motor cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3165","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3165","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Primate Motor Cortex","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"rostral part of ventral secondary motor cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3165","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3165","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3170","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"caudal part of dorsal secondary motor cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3170","cDefinition":"refers to the more posterior of two sectors of dorsal secondary motor cortex in the macaque and the human. It is defined on the basis of internal structure, connections and function ( Matelli-2004 ). In both species it is located in the dorsal and rostral part of the precentral gyrus. In the human it comprises the dorsolateral part of area 6a alpha of Vogts. In the macaque it surrounds the superior precentral sulcus and is associated with area F2, which is subdivided into area F2d and area F2vr. The other sector is the rostral part of dorsal secondary motor cortex.\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"caudal part of dorsal premotor cortex","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area F2","synonymSource":"Matelli-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Motor Cortex","pubMedHits":"15"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"dorsal sector of area 6, caudal part","synonymSource":"Matelli-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Motor Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"dorsal premeotor cortex, caudal part","synonymSource":"Matelli-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Motor Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area PMDc","synonymSource":"Matelli-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Motor Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"caudal part of dorsal secondary motor cortex","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"dorsal secondary motor cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3164","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3164","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Primate Motor Cortex","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"dorsal secondary motor cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3164","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3164","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3171","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area F2d","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3171","cDefinition":"refers to the more medial of two areas of the caudal part of dorsal secondary motor cortex (F2) in the macaque ( Matelli-2004 ). As the larger part, it surrounds the superior precentral sulcus in the precentral gyrus. It is defined on the basis of internal structure, connections and function. Its primary inputs are from area PEC and area PEip; it receives little or no input from prefrontal cortex (macaque). Most neurons are responsive to proprioceptive somatosensory stimuli. Electrical stimulation of the area medial to the sulcus elicits leg movements; stimulation lateral to it elicits arm movements. The more ventral and rostral of the two areas is area F2vr.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area F2d","synonymSource":"Matelli-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Motor Cortex","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"F2 dimple","synonymSource":"Matelli-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Motor Cortex","pubMedHits":"1"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"caudal part of dorsal secondary motor cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3170","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3170","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Primate Motor Cortex","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"caudal part of dorsal secondary motor cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3170","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3170","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3172","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area F2vr","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3172","cDefinition":"refers to the more ventral and rostral of two areas of the caudal part of dorsal secondary motor cortex (F2) in the macaque ( Matelli-2004 ). The smaller of the two, it occupies the ventrorostral corner of the caudal part. It is defined on the basis of internal structure, connections and function. Its major inputs are from area MIP and area V6A with a minor projection from area 46 of Walker. Neurons there respond to visual and tactile as well as proprioceptive stimulation. Individual neurons integrate information about target location and the arm to be used in a reaching task. The more dorsal of the two areas is area F2d.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area F2vr","synonymSource":"Matelli-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Motor Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"caudal part of dorsal secondary motor cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3170","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3170","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Primate Motor Cortex","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"caudal part of dorsal secondary motor cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3170","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3170","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3173","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"VCP line","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3173","cDefinition":"refers to a vertical line through the posterior commissure of the human brain in Talairach space ( Matelli-2004 ). It lies in the mid-sagittal plane and is perpendicular to the bicommissural line, which in Talairach space passes through the most dorsal point of the anterior commissure and most ventral point of the posterior commissure in the mid-sagittal plane ( Talairach-1988 ). The Talairach coordinate system is widely used in human MRI studies. See also VCA line.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"VCP line","synonymSource":"Matelli-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Motor Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3174","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"rostral part of dorsal secondary motor cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3174","cDefinition":"refers to the more anterior of two sectors of dorsal secondary motor cortex in the macaque and the human. It is defined on the basis of internal structure, connections and function ( Matelli-2004 ). In both species it is located in the caudal part of the superior frontal gyrus. In the human it comprises the dorsolateral part of area 6a beta of Vogts. In the macaque it is associated with area F7, which contains the supplementary eye field. It's primary input is from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Some neurons fire in response to visual stimuli unrelated to motor responses. Some respond to stimuli that match the target of an intentional arm movement. That finding, together with the observation that a lesion of the area eliminates performance of a learned arm response in the absence of other motor impairment suggests that it mediates working memory for spatial position in conditioned stimulus-response association tasks. The other sector is the caudal part of dorsal secondary motor cortex.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"rostral part of dorsal premotor cortex","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area F7","synonymSource":"Matelli-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Motor Cortex","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal sector of area 6, rostral part","synonymSource":"Matelli-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Motor Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal premotor cortex, rostral part","synonymSource":"Matelli-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Motor Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area PMDr","synonymSource":"Matelli-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Motor Cortex","pubMedHits":"18"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"rostral part of dorsal secondary motor cortex","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"dorsal secondary motor cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3164","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3164","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Primate Motor Cortex","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"dorsal secondary motor cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3164","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3164","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3175","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"supplementary eye field","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3175","cDefinition":"refers to an area within the rostral part of dorsal secondary motor cortex that is defined on the basis of internal structure, connections and function in macaque and the human ( Matelli-2004 ). In both species it is located in the caudal part of the superior frontal gyrus. In the human it is within the dorsolateral part of area 6a beta of Vogts. In the macaque it is within area F7. Micro-electrical stimulation in the area elicits saccadic eye movements. It, possibly together with area F2vr, is considered to be involved in encoding saccadic eye movements relative to the location of observed objects and to monitoring the consequences of eye movements. ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"supplementary eye field","synonymSource":"Matelli-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Motor Cortex","pubMedHits":"175"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3176","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"SMA proper","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3176","cDefinition":"refers to the more posterior of two parts of mesial secondary motor cortex in the macaque and the human. It is defined on the basis of internal structure, neurochemistry, connections and function ( Matelli-2004 ). In both species it is located on the mesial surface rostrally in the precentral gyrus. In the human it extends to the VCA line caudally in the superior frontal gyrus; in the macaque it occupies more of the precentral gyrus and less of the superior frontal gyrus than in the human. It is associated with area 6a alpha of Vogts. In the macaque it is also known as area F3. Its major input is from the adjacent dorsal part of the anterior cingulate gyrus, and the posterior mesial part of the superior parietal lobule (area PECg). It is more activated with the performance of simple motor tasks than in motor tasks requiring selection between actions. Electrical stimulation elicits multi-joint movements of the proximal, postural musculature more than of distal musculature. Unlike primary motor cortex, the parts of SMA proper mediating movements of different body parts overlap, but, as in primary motor cortex, there exists a rostrocaudal face-arm-leg gradient. It is proposed to control motor function globally by mediating postural adjustments appropriate to simple actions and in executing automatic motor sequences. In the human, the SMA proper is subdivided into to two areas: a rostral area SMAr and a more caudal area SMAc. The more anterior part of mesial secondary motor cortex itself is the pre-SMA.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"korteks motorik suplementar","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"area motorik suplementar","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"primate","synonymName":"SMA proper","synonymSource":"Matelli-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Motor Cortex","pubMedHits":"94"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area F3","synonymSource":"Matelli-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Motor Cortex","pubMedHits":"5"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"supplementary motor area","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"1680"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"supplementary motor area","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"1680"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"supplementary motor area (M II)","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1991","synonymSourceTitle":"Core Text of Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"supplementary motor cortex","synonymSource":"Zilles-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Cortex","pubMedHits":"150"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"supplementary motor cortex","synonymSource":"Wise-1985a","synonymSourceTitle":"The primate premotor cortex: past, present, and preparatory","pubMedHits":"150"},{"synonymLanguage":"German","organism":"human","synonymName":"supplementär-motorischer Kortex","synonymSource":"Schiebler-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomie","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"area motoria supplementare","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"área motora suplementaria (MII)","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"mesial secondary motor cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3167","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3167","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Primate Motor Cortex","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"mesial secondary motor cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3167","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3167","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3177","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"pre-SMA","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3177","cDefinition":"refers to the more anterior of two parts of mesial secondary motor cortex in the human and the macaque. It is defined on the basis of internal structure, connections and function ( Matelli-2004 ). In both species it is located caudally on the mesial surface of the superior frontal gyrus. In the human it is associated with area 6a beta of Vogts, and its posterior boundary correlates with the VCA line; in the macaque it is known as area F6. \r\nUnlike other parts of motor cortex, whose primary inputs are from visual and somatosensory areas of the parietal lobe, the pre-SMA in the macaque has primary inputs from area 46 of Walker (caudal parts of the middle frontal gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus) and banks of the anterior cingulate sulcus as well. It is regarded as a convergence zone for inputs from working memory, motivation and perception as triggers of complex actions. \r\nStimulation of the area in the human can be associated with a conscious urge to move the arm or a sense that it is about to move. The area is activated as a person decides the direction of an action, such as a finger movement, in a task where any of several directions is appropriate. It is involved in learning sequential movement patterns. For example, the hand area is activated in a pianist playing an unfamiliar piece, whereas the SMA proper is activated as he plays much-practiced scales. The area is activated when a person holds in mind the appropriate response to a stimulus until the opportunity to respond arrives ( Geyer-2012 ). The more posterior part of mesial secondary motor cortex is SMA proper.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"preSMA","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"38"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area F6","synonymSource":"Matelli-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Motor Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"primate","synonymName":"pre-SMA","synonymSource":"Matelli-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Motor Cortex","pubMedHits":"312"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"mesial secondary motor cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3167","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3167","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Primate Motor Cortex","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"mesial secondary motor cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3167","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3167","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3178","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"rostral SMA proper","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3178","cDefinition":"refers to an area located caudally on the mesial surface of the superior frontal gyrus in the human. It is defined on the basis of internal structure and function ( Matelli-2004 ). It is the more rostral of two parts of the SMA proper. It is activated when one imagines making a movement, such as a finger tap; observing another person make the same movement; or performing the movement repeatedly in a rhythm unassisted by external stimulation, as by a metronome. The other part of SMA proper is caudal SMA proper.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area SMAr","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"rostral SMA proper","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"SMA proper","parentNeuroNamesId":"3176","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3176","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Primate Motor Cortex","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"SMA proper","parentNeuroNamesId":"3176","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3176","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3179","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"caudal SMA proper","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3179","cDefinition":"refers to an area located caudally on the mesial surface of the superior frontal gyrus in the human. It is defined on the basis of internal structure and function ( Matelli-2004 ). The more caudal of two parts of the SMA proper, it is activated with the performance of a simple movement, such as a finger tap, in response to an unambiguous stimulus, such as a metronome. The other part of SMA proper is rostral SMA proper.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area SMAc","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"caudal SMA proper","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"SMA proper","parentNeuroNamesId":"3176","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3176","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Primate Motor Cortex","modelStatus":"Obsolete"},{"parentStandardName":"SMA proper","parentNeuroNamesId":"3176","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3176","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3180","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area p24d","standardAcronym":"p24d","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3180","cDefinition":"refers to an area at the caudal extreme of the anterior cingulate gyrus that is defined on the basis of internal structure. It is the part of the posterior midcingulate cortex located caudal to area a24c' and rostral to area 23c of Vogt in the human and the macaque ( Vogt-2012 ). In the human it is divided into to subareas: area p24dv in the ventral bank of the cingulate sulcus and area p24dd in the dorsal bank. In the macaque it is distinguishable from area a24c' by: 1) larger cells in the internal pyramidal layer (V), 2) cells of medium size in the lower part of the external pyramidal layer (III), 3) a more prominent columnar pattern, and 4) greater myelinization with a horizontal plexus ( Matelli-1991 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 24d","synonymSource":"Matelli-1991","synonymSourceTitle":"Architecture of superior and mesial area 6 and the adjacent cingulate cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"7"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"gigantopyramidal field","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area p24d","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area p24'","parentNeuroNamesId":"3608","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3608","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3182","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ascending branch of the inferior precentral sulcus","standardAcronym":"ipcsa","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3182","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the inferior precentral sulcus identified by dissection in the human ( Matelli-2004 ). The other part is the descending branch of the inferior precentral sulcus. Located caudally in the frontal lobe, it is the portion that extends dorsally from the intersection of the vertical inferior precentral sulcus with the horizontal inferior frontal sulcus. It is the boundary between the precentral gyrus and the middle frontal gyrus. It is not found in the macaque. ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ascending branch of the inferior precentral sulcus","synonymSource":"Matelli-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Motor Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3183","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"descending branch of the inferior precentral sulcus","standardAcronym":"ipcsd","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3183","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the inferior precentral sulcus identified by dissection in the human ( Matelli-2004 ). The other part is the ascending branch of the inferior precentral sulcus. Located caudally in the frontal lobe, it is the portion that extends dorsally from the intersection of the vertical inferior precentral sulcus with the horizontal inferior frontal sulcus. It is the boundary between the precentral gyrus and the inferior frontal gyrus. It is not found in the macaque. ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"descending branch of the inferior precentral sulcus","synonymSource":"Matelli-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Motor Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3184","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 4a of Geyer","standardAcronym":"","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3184","cDefinition":"refers to the more anterior of two parts of primary motor cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and neurotransmitter binding in the human ( Matelli-2004 ). The other part is area 4p of Geyer. The relation of area 4a to the rostral sector of primary motor cortex, which is defined in the macaque on the basis of function and connectivity, is undetermined. It is not related to area 4a of Vogts, which is one of three subdivisions defined by other criteria. ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 4a of Geyer","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 4a","synonymSource":"Matelli-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Motor Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3185","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 4p of Geyer","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3185","cDefinition":"refers to the more posterior of two parts of primary motor cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and neurotransmitter binding in the human ( Matelli-2004 ). The more anterior part is area 4a of Geyer. The relation of area 4p to the caudal sector of primary motor cortex, which is defined in the macaque on the basis of function and connectivity, is undetermined.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 4p of Geyer","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 4p","synonymSource":"Matelli-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Motor Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3186","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"rostral sector of primary motor cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3186","cDefinition":"refers to the more anterior of two parts of primary motor cortex defined on the basis of function and connectivity in the macaque ( Matelli-2004 ). The more posterior part is the caudal sector of primary motor cortex. The relation of the rostral sector to area 4a of Geyer in the human is undetermined.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"rostral sector of primary motor cortex","synonymSource":"Matelli-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Motor Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3187","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"caudal sector of primary motor cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3187","cDefinition":"refers to the more posterior of two parts of primary motor cortex defined on the basis of function and connectivity in the macaque ( Matelli-2004 ). The more anterior part is the rostral sector of primary motor cortex. The relation of the caudal sector to area 4p of Geyer in the human is undetermined.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"caudal sector of primary motor cortex","synonymSource":"Matelli-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Motor Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3188","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"straight sinus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3188","cDefinition":"refers to a venous channel that runs in the junction of the posterior falx cerebri and the cerebellar tentorium ( Ranson-1959 ). It is identified by dissection.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"straight sinus","synonymSource":"Stedman-1957","synonymSourceTitle":"Stedman's Medical Dictionary","pubMedHits":"280"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"tentorial sinus","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"28"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sinus rectus","synonymSource":"Ranson-1959","synonymSourceTitle":"The Anatomy Of The Nervous System: Its Development And Function","pubMedHits":"17"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3189","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"hippocampal region","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3189","cDefinition":"refers to one of two subdivisions of the hippocampal formation (functional) in the Functional CNS Model - Rat. It is a part of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and function. Located on the ventromedial surface of the hemisphere in the rat, it is composed of the dentate gyrus, the CA fields, the fasciola cinerea and the indusium griseum.\r\nThe hippocampal region contains the same cellular structures as the classical archicortex except for the subiculum and the paraterminal gyrus. In the functional model the subiculum belongs to the retrohippocampal region and the tenia tecta, which may be the rodent equivalent of the primate paraterminal gyrus, is considered part of olfactory areas (rodent) ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"hippocampal region","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"1064"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"hippocampal formation (functional)","parentNeuroNamesId":"3242","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3242","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3190","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medulla eczane","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3190","cDefinition":"does not refer to a part of the brain. From a Google search it appears to be a Turkish term meaning central pharmacy. Eczane in Turkish means pharmacy. Medulla, or medula, is a Turkish word presumably derived from the same word in Latin, where it means the center portion of an object. (In English medulla refers specifically to the center portion of an organ.) 'Medulla eczane' has appeared among the top ten search terms submitted to BrainInfo every month since the fall of 2010. We are curious as to why that should be so. If you have an idea please email Doug Bowden: dmbowden@u.washington.edu.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Turkish","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"medulla eczane","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Turkish","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"medula eczane","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3191","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 10D of Paxinos","standardAcronym":"10D","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3191","cDefinition":"refers to one of three subdivisions of area 10 of Paxinos in the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ). It is located on the dorsal surface of the superior frontal gyrus as it joins the straight gyrus at the frontal pole ( Carmichael-1994 ).The other subdivisions are area 10M of Paxinos and area 10p of the macaque, which the authors name '10V'. ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 10D of Paxinos","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 10 of cortex, dorsal part","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3192","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 10M of Paxinos","standardAcronym":"10M","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3192","cDefinition":"refers to one of three subdivisions of area 10 of Paxinos in the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ). It is located on the surface of the most rostral part of the straight gyrus as it joins the superior frontal gyrus at the frontal pole. The other subdivisions are area 10D of Paxinos and area 10o, which the authors name 10V. It corresponds topologically to the ventromedial quarter of area 10p in the human ( Ongur-2003 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 10M of Paxinos","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 10 of cortex, medial part","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3193","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 10 of Paxinos","standardAcronym":"10","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3193","cDefinition":"refers to a cytoarchitecurally defined area of cerebral cortex located at the frontal pole of the frontal lobe of the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ). The total area is topologically equivalent to area 10p of the human ( Ongur-2003 ). It has three subdivisions: area 10M of Paxinos, area 10D of Paxinos and area 10o, which the authors name 10V. ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 10 of Paxinos","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 10 of cortex","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3194","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 10V of Paxinos - obsolete","standardAcronym":"","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3194","cDefinition":""},{"neuroNamesID":"3195","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterior supraprincipal dimple","standardAcronym":"asd","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3195","cDefinition":"refers to a small horizontal depression variably present on the dorsal surface of the frontal lobe of the macaque. It is located near the frontal pole anterior to the posterior supraprincipal dimple ( Paxinos-2004 ). It has no equivalent in humans or rodents.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"anterior supraprincipal dimple","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"The Human Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3196","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"infraprincipal dimple","standardAcronym":"ipd","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3196","cDefinition":"refers to a small oblique depression variably present on the lateral surface of the frontal lobe of the macaque. It is located near the frontal pole ventral to the principal sulcus ( Krieg-1975; Paxinos-2009a ). Many macaques and humans have a much more prominent fronto-orbital sulcus located at about the same anterior-posterior level. Neither the dimple nor the sulcus has an equivalent in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or the mouse.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"infraprincipal dimple","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"The Human Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"frontoorbital dimple","synonymSource":"Krieg-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Interpretive Atlas Of The Monkey's Brain","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3197","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"retrosplenial dysgranular area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3197","cDefinition":"","parents":[{"parentStandardName":"retrosplenial area","parentNeuroNamesId":"2436","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2436","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3198","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"retrosplenial agranular area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3198","cDefinition":"","parents":[{"parentStandardName":"retrosplenial area","parentNeuroNamesId":"2436","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2436","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3199","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"zone a of the retrosplenial granular area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3199","cDefinition":"refers to the most caudal and ventral of two or three parts of area 29 defined by Nissl stain in the rat ( Swanson-2004; Paxinos-2009b ) and mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). The other parts are zone b of the retrosplenial granular area and zone c of the retrosplenial granular area ( Paxinos-2009b ) or zone b-c of the retrosplenial granular area ( Swanson-2004 ).\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"retrosplenial area ventral part zone a","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"retrosplenial granular cortex, a region","synonymSource":"Franklin-2008","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"zone a of the retrosplenial granular area","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"retrosplenial granular area","parentNeuroNamesId":"1802","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1802","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3200","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"zone b-c of the retrosplenial granular area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3200","cDefinition":"refers to the more rostral and dorsal of two subdivisions of area 29 defined by Nissl stain in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). The other is zone a of the retrosplenial granular area. Some authors divide the b-c zone into two separate zones: zone b of the retrosplenial granular area and zone c of the retrosplenial granular area in the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"retrosplenial area ventral part zone b/c","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"zone b-c of the retrosplenial granular area","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"retrosplenial granular area","parentNeuroNamesId":"1802","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1802","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3201","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal endopiriform claustrum","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3201","cDefinition":"refers to one of two subdivisions of the endopiriform claustrum as defined by Nissl stain in the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). The other is the ventral endopiriform claustrum. In rodents both are located between the external capsule medially and the piriform area ventrolaterally. In the rodent the dorsal endopiriform claustrum is clearly located superior to the ventral endopiriform claustrum. The temporal lobe of the macaque, which corresponds to the ventrolateral cortical area of the rodent, is a much expanded, medially rotated structure where the location of the ventral part of the endopiriform claustrum is medial and superior to the dorsal part ( Paxinos-2009a ). In the human the endopiriform claustrum is not divided into dorsal and ventral parts ( Yilmazer-Hanke-2012 ). Functionally it belongs to the cortical subplate nuclei ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"endopiriform nucleus dorsal part","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"dorsal part of the endopiriform nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"dorsal endopiriform claustrum","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009a","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain, Second Edition","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"endopiriform nucleus, dorsal part","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"Area claustralis amygdalae","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"endopiriform claustrum","parentNeuroNamesId":"251","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=251","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"endopiriform claustrum - obsolete","parentNeuroNamesId":"2276","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2276","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3202","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventral endopiriform claustrum","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3202","cDefinition":"refers to one of two subdivisions of the endopiriform claustrum as defined by Nissl stain in the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). The other is the dorsal endopiriform claustrum. In rodents both are located between the external capsule medially and the piriform area ventrolaterally. In the rodent the dorsal endopiriform claustrum is clearly located superior to the ventral endopiriform claustrum. The temporal lobe of the macaque, which corresponds to the ventrolateral cortical area of the rodent, is a much expanded, medially rotated structure where the location of the ventral part of the endopiriform claustrum is medial and superior to the dorsal part ( Paxinos-2009a ). In the human the endopiriform claustrum is not divided into dorsal and ventral parts ( Yilmazer-Hanke-2012 ). Functionally it belongs to the cortical subplate nuclei ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"endopiriform nucleus ventral part","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"ventral part of the endopiriform nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"endopiriform nucleus, ventral part","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"ventral endopiriform nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"5"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"ventral endopiriform claustrum","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009a","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain, Second Edition","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"endopiriform claustrum","parentNeuroNamesId":"251","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=251","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"endopiriform claustrum - obsolete","parentNeuroNamesId":"2276","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2276","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3203","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 25 of Vogt (macaque) - obsolete","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3203","cDefinition":""},{"neuroNamesID":"3204","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 29l","standardAcronym":"29l","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3204","cDefinition":"refers to the more lateral of two subdivisions of area 29, which are defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the human and the macaque ( Vogt-2012 ). It is located caudally in the posterior cingulate gyrus and the isthmus of the cingulate gyrus between the subiculum laterally and area 29m medially ( Vogt-1987 ),","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 29a-c of Vogt","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"lateral area 29a-c","synonymSource":"Vogt-1987","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate cortex of the rhesus monkey: I. Cytoarchitecture and thalamic afferents","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 29l","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 29","parentNeuroNamesId":"3580","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3580","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3205","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 29m","standardAcronym":"29m","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3205","cDefinition":"refers to the more medial of two subdivisions of area 29, which are defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the human and the macaque ( Vogt-2012 ). It is located caudally in the posterior cingulate gyrus and the isthmus of the cingulate gyrus between area 29l laterally and area 30 medially ( Vogt-1987 ),","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 29d of Vogt","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"medial area 29d","synonymSource":"Vogt-1987","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate cortex of the rhesus monkey: I. Cytoarchitecture and thalamic afferents","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 29m","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 29d (macaque)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 29","parentNeuroNamesId":"3580","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3580","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3206","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 29 (macaque)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3206","cDefinition":"refers to an area of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture by Nissl stain in the macaque. It is located caudally in the posterior cingulate gyrus and isthmus of the cingulate gyrus, deep in the callosal sulcus where the gyri join the splenium of the corpus callosum. It is less differentiated than the equivalent area in the rodent. It consists of two subdivisions, area 29a-c (macaque) ( area 29l ), laterally and area 29d (macaque) ( area 29m ) medially ( Vogt-1987; Vogt-2012 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 29 of Vogt (macaque)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 29 (macaque)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3207","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 30 (macaque)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3207","cDefinition":"refers to an area of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture by Nissl stain in the macaque. It is located caudally in the posterior cingulate gyrus and isthmus of the cingulate gyrus, deep in the callosal sulcus where the gyri join the splenium of the corpus callosum. It is located medial to area 29 (macaque). It is topologically equivalent to area 30 of the human, area 30 of Brodmann (human) and to the retrosplenial agranular area of rodents ( Vogt-1987 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 30 of Vogt (macaque)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 30 (macaque)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3208","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 31 (macaque)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3208","cDefinition":"refers to an area of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture by Nissl stain in the macaque. It is located in the the rostral part of the precuneus and the most caudal part of the posterior cingulate gyrus ( Vogt-1987 ). It is topologically equivalent to area 31 of Brodmann in the human. For a more recent account of this area see area 31.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 31 of Vogt (macaque)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 31 (macaque)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3209","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterolateral area of stria terminalis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3209","cDefinition":"refers to a component of the nuclei of stria terminalis defined on the basis of topology, connectivity and multiple stains in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). It is one of nine components of the anterior nuclei of stria terminalis in the Functional CNS Model - Rat ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"anterolateral area of stria terminalis","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis anterolateral area","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"bed nuclei stria terminalis, anterior division, anterolateral area","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"anterior nuclei of stria terminalis","parentNeuroNamesId":"2753","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2753","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3210","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterodorsal area of stria terminalis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3210","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells identified on the basis of cytoarchitecture in an early segmentation of anterior nuclei of stria terminalis in the rat. Subsequent connectional data led investigators to combine the anterodorsal, anteroventral, and dorsolateral areas of stria terminalis into the anteromedial area of stria terminalis ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"anterodorsal area of stria terminalis","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis anterior division anterodorsal area","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3211","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anteroventral area of stria terminalis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3211","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells identified on the basis of cytoarchitecture in an early segmentation of anterior nuclei of stria terminalis in the rat. Subsequent connectional data led investigators to combine the anteroventral, anterodorsal, and dorsolateral areas of stria terminalis into the anteromedial area of stria terminalis ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"anteroventral area of stria terminalis","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis anterior division anteroventral area","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3212","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsolateral area of stria terminalis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3212","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells identified on the basis of cytoarchitecture in an early segmentation of anterior nuclei of stria terminalis in the rat. Subsequent connectional data led investigators to combine the dorsolateral, anteroventral, and anterodorsal areas of stria terminalis into the anteromedial area of stria terminalis ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"dorsolateral area of stria terminalis","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis anterior division dorsolateral nucleus","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3213","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anteromedial area of stria terminalis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3213","cDefinition":"refers to a component of the nuclei of stria terminalis defined on the basis of topology, connectivity and multiple stains in the rat. It is one of nine components of the anterior nuclei of stria terminalis in the Functional CNS Model - Rat. It is composed of three parts: the anterodorsal area of stria terminalis, the anteroventral area of stria terminalis and the dorsolateral area of stria terminalis ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"anteromedial area of stria terminalis","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"bed nuclei stria terminalis, anterior division, anteromedial area","synonymSource":"Swanson-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure Of The Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"anterior nuclei of stria terminalis","parentNeuroNamesId":"2753","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2753","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3214","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"oval nucleus of stria terminalis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3214","cDefinition":"refers to a component of the nuclei of stria terminalis defined on the basis of topology, connectivity and multiple stains in the rat. It is one of nine components of the anterior nuclei of stria terminalis in the Functional CNS Model - Rat ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"oval nucleus of stria terminalis","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"bed nuclei stria terminalis, anterior division, oval nucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis oval nucleus","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"anterior nuclei of stria terminalis","parentNeuroNamesId":"2753","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2753","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3215","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"juxtacapsular nucleus of stria terminalis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3215","cDefinition":"refers to a component of the nuclei of stria terminalis defined on the basis of topology, connectivity and multiple stains in the rat. It is one of nine components of the anterior nuclei of stria terminalis in the Functional CNS Model - Rat ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"juxtacapsular nucleus of stria terminalis","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis juxtacapsular nucleus","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"bed nuclei stria terminalis, anterior division, juxtacapsular nucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"anterior nuclei of stria terminalis","parentNeuroNamesId":"2753","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2753","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3216","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"rhomboid nucleus of stria terminalis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3216","cDefinition":"refers to a component of the nuclei of stria terminalis defined on the basis of topology, connectivity and multiple stains in the rat. It is one of nine components of the anterior nuclei of stria terminalis in the Functional CNS Model - Rat ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"rhomboid nucleus of stria terminalis","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis rhomboid nucleus","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"bed nuclei stria terminalis, anterior division, rhomboid nucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"anterior nuclei of stria terminalis","parentNeuroNamesId":"2753","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2753","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3217","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsomedial nucleus of stria terminalis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3217","cDefinition":"refers to a component of the nuclei of stria terminalis defined on the basis of topology, connectivity and multiple stains in the rat. It is one of nine components of the anterior nuclei of stria terminalis in the Functional CNS Model - Rat ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"dorsomedial nucleus of stria terminalis","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis anterior division dorsomedial nucleus","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"bed nuclei of the stria terminalis, anterior division, dorsomedial nucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"bed nuclei stria terminalis, anterior division, dorsomedial nucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"anterior nuclei of stria terminalis","parentNeuroNamesId":"2753","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2753","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3218","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"fusiform nucleus of stria terminalis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3218","cDefinition":"refers to a component of the nuclei of stria terminalis defined on the basis of topology, connectivity and multiple stains in the rat. It is one of nine components of the anterior nuclei of stria terminalis in the Functional CNS Model - Rat ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"fusiform nucleus of stria terminalis","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis anterior division fusiform nucleus","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"bed nuclei stria terminalis, anterior division, fusiform nucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"anterior nuclei of stria terminalis","parentNeuroNamesId":"2753","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2753","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3219","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventral nucleus of stria terminalis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3219","cDefinition":"refers to a component of the nuclei of stria terminalis defined on the basis of topology, connectivity and multiple stains in the rat. It is one of nine components of the anterior nuclei of stria terminalis in the Functional CNS Model - Rat ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"ventral nucleus of stria terminalis","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis anterior division ventral nucleus","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"bed nuclei stria terminalis, anterior division, ventral nucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"anterior nuclei of stria terminalis","parentNeuroNamesId":"2753","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2753","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3220","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"magnocellular nucleus of stria terminalis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3220","cDefinition":"refers to a component of the nuclei of stria terminalis defined on the basis of topology, connectivity and multiple stains in the rat. It is one of nine components of the anterior nuclei of stria terminalis in the Functional CNS Model - Rat ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"magnocellular nucleus of stria terminalis","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis anterior division magnocellular nucleus","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"bed nuclei stria terminalis, anterior division, magnocellular nucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"anterior nuclei of stria terminalis","parentNeuroNamesId":"2753","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2753","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3221","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"principal nucleus of stria terminalis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3221","cDefinition":"refers to a component of the nuclei of stria terminalis defined on the basis of topology, connectivity and multiple stains in the rat. It is one of seven components of the posterior nuclei of stria terminalis in the Functional CNS Model - Rat ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"principal nucleus of stria terminalis","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis posterior division principal nucleus","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"bed nuclei stria terminalis, posterior division, principal nucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"posterior nuclei of stria terminalis","parentNeuroNamesId":"2754","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2754","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3222","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"interfascicular nucleus of stria terminalis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3222","cDefinition":"refers to a component of the nuclei of stria terminalis defined on the basis of topology, connectivity and multiple stains in the rat. It is one of seven components of the posterior nuclei of stria terminalis in the Functional CNS Model - Rat ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"interfascicular nucleus of stria terminalis","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis posterior division interfascicular nucleus","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"bed nuclei stria terminalis, posterior division, interfascicular nucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"posterior nuclei of stria terminalis","parentNeuroNamesId":"2754","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2754","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3223","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"transverse nucleus of stria terminalis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3223","cDefinition":"refers to a component of the nuclei of stria terminalis defined on the basis of topology, connectivity and multiple stains in the rat. It is one of seven components of the posterior nuclei of stria terminalis in the Functional CNS Model - Rat ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"transverse nucleus of stria terminalis","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis posterior division transverse nucleus","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"bed nuclei stria terminalis, posterior division, transverse nucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"posterior nuclei of stria terminalis","parentNeuroNamesId":"2754","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2754","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3224","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"premedullary nucleus of stria terminalis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3224","cDefinition":"refers to a component of the nuclei of stria terminalis defined on the basis of topology, connectivity and multiple stains in the rat. It is one of seven components of the posterior nuclei of stria terminalis in the Functional CNS Model - Rat ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"premedullary nucleus of stria terminalis","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis posterior division premedullary nucleus","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"bed nuclei stria terminalis, posterior division, premedullary nucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"posterior nuclei of stria terminalis","parentNeuroNamesId":"2754","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2754","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3225","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal nucleus of stria terminalis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3225","cDefinition":"refers to a component of the nuclei of stria terminalis defined on the basis of topology, connectivity and multiple stains in the rat. It is one of seven components of the posterior nuclei of stria terminalis in the Functional CNS Model - Rat ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"dorsal nucleus of stria terminalis","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis posterior division dorsal nucleus","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"bed nuclei stria terminalis, posterior division, dorsal nucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"posterior nuclei of stria terminalis","parentNeuroNamesId":"2754","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2754","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3226","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"strial extension of stria terminalis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3226","cDefinition":"refers to a component of the nuclei of stria terminalis defined on the basis of topology, connectivity and multiple stains in the rat. It is one of seven components of the posterior nuclei of stria terminalis in the Functional CNS Model - Rat ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"strial extension of stria terminalis","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis posterior division strial extension","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"bed nuclei stria terminalis, posterior division, strial extension","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"posterior nuclei of stria terminalis","parentNeuroNamesId":"2754","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2754","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3227","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"cell sparse zone of stria terminalis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3227","cDefinition":"refers to a component of the nuclei of stria terminalis defined on the basis of topology, connectivity and multiple stains in the rat. It is one of seven components of the posterior nuclei of stria terminalis in the Functional CNS Model - Rat ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"cell sparse zone of stria terminalis","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis posterior division cell-sparse zone","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Bed nuclei stria terminalis, posterior division, cell-sparse zone","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"posterior nuclei of stria terminalis","parentNeuroNamesId":"2754","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2754","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3228","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"subcommissural zone of stria terminalis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3228","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells identified on the basis of cytoarchitecture in an early segmentation of anterior nuclei of stria terminalis in the rat. Subsequent connectional data led investigators to combine it into the anterolateral area of stria terminalis ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"subcommissural zone of stria terminalis","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis, anterior division, subcommisural zone","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"bed nuclei stria terminalis, anterior division, subcommisural zone","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3229","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"descending division of the paraventricular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3229","cDefinition":"refers to one of three divisions of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus as defined by multiple methods in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). It is located in the medial zone of the anterior hypothalamic region, caudal to the anterior hypothalamic nucleus and rostral to the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus ( Swanson-2000 ).\r\nThe descending division is further divided into four parts: the ventromedial parvicellular zone of the paraventricular nucleus, the dorsal parvicellular part of the paraventricular nucleus, the lateral parvicellular part of the paraventricular nucleus, and the fornical part of the paraventricular nucleus. Functionally it is part of the behavior control column of the subcortical motor system. The other divisions are the neuroendocrine motor zone and the somatic motoneuron pools of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"descending division of the paraventricular nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, descending division","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, descending division","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"behavior control column","parentNeuroNamesId":"2895","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2895","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3230","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"magnocellular division of the paraventricular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3230","cDefinition":"refers to one of three divisions of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus as defined by multiple methods in the rat. It is located in the medial zone of the anterior hypothalamic region dorsomedial to the anterior hypothalamic nucleus. It has three components: the anterior magnocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus, the medial magnocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus, and the posterior magnocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus. \r\nFunctionally it and the parvicellular division of the paraventricular nucleus belong to the magnocellular neuroendocrine cell groups of the subcortical motor system. The third division, the descending division of the paraventricular nucleus, belongs to the behavior control column ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"magnocellular division of the paraventricular nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, magnocellular division","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, magnocellular division","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"magnocellular neuroendocrine cell groups","parentNeuroNamesId":"2920","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2920","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3231","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"parvicellular division of the paraventricular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3231","cDefinition":"refers to one of three divisions of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus as defined by multiple methods in the rat. It is located in the medial zone of the anterior hypothalamic region, dorsomedial to the anterior hypothalamic nucleus. Functionally it and the magnocellular division of the paraventricular nucleus belong to the neuroendocrine motor zone of the subcortical motor system. The third division, the descending division of the paraventricular nucleus, belongs to the behavior control column ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"parvicellular division of the paraventricular nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, parvicellular division","synonymSource":"BAMS","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture Management System","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, parvicellular division","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"parvicellular neuroendocrine cell groups","parentNeuroNamesId":"2921","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2921","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3232","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"peripheral nervous system","standardAcronym":"PNS","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3232","cDefinition":"(PNS) refers to one of two components of the nervous system defined by dissection; the other component is the central nervous system (CNS). The PNS includes the cranial nerves, the spinal nerves, the peripheral ganglia and plexuses to which they attach, and the peripheral nerves that attach those to the skin, muscles and other end organs. The nerves are composed of neuronal fibers that conduct sensory information from, and motor control information to, the end organs ( Carpenter-1983 ). The short segments of the fibers that run between central nuclei and the surface of the brain or spinal cord are referred to as 'nerve fibers' and are considered parts of the CNS. The longer segments of the fibers that run in the nerves attached to the brain and spinal cord belong to the PNS ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"peripheral nervous system","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"31563"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"nervous system","parentNeuroNamesId":"3236","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3236","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Nervous System"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3233","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"cortical subplate","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3233","cDefinition":"refers to the embryonic precursor of the cortical subplate nuclei ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"cortical subplate","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3234","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"Encephalon","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3234","cDefinition":"refers to the embryonic precursor to the brain and the retina as defined by dissection of the embryo of vertebrates, including mammals. It is composed of the Prosencephalon (sum of Telencephalon and Diencephalon), the Mesencephalon and the Rhombencephalon, embryonic precursors of the forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain respectively.\r\nLatin terms are frequently used as synonyms of the English terms. However, some primary structures of the mature brain originally believed to originate from one subdivision of the Encephalon have subsequently been found to originate from another. Thus, the classical organization of the mature brain and of the Encephalon differ in some respects. For that reason, in NeuroNames we shall eventually use the Latin term as the standard name for subdivisions of the embryonic nervous system that are precursors to a somewhat different combination of mature structures than the combination classically represented by the English term. Use of the term 'Encephalon' to represent the embryonic precursor of the mature brain and retina is a good example. ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Encephalon","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"228"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3235","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"layer 6b","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3235","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the multiform layer of neocortex in the rat that may, unlike the other layers, derive from the cortical subplate of the Encephalon rather than from the cortical plate ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"layer 6b","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"6"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"layer 6b, isocortex","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cortical subplate nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"2735","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2735","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3236","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"nervous system","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3236","cDefinition":"denotes a composite structure that consists of the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"nervous system","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"235528"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Systema nervosum","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"нервная система","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Mozga Cheloveka (Atlas of the Human Brain)","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"Topographic Model of Human Nervous System","parentNeuroNamesId":"3623","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3623","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Nervous System"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3237","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"zone b of the retrosplenial granular area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3237","cDefinition":"refers to one of three parts of area 29 defined by Nissl stain in the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). It is located between the other parts, ventral to zone a of the retrosplenial granular area and anterodorsal to zone c of the retrosplenial granular area.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"zone b of the retrosplenial granular area","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"retrosplenial granular cortex, b region","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009b","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3238","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"zone c of the retrosplenial granular area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3238","cDefinition":"refers to the most dorsal of three parts of area 29 defined by Nissl stain in the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and mouse ( Franklin-2008 ).. The other parts are zone a of the retrosplenial granular area and zone b of the retrosplenial granular area.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"zone c of the retrosplenial granular area","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"retrosplenial granular cortex, c region","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009a","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain, Second Edition","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3239","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"frontopolar area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3239","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of cerebral cortex at the frontal pole. In the human it is defined on the basis of topology as a composite substructure of the frontal lobe that includes the frontomarginal gyrus and the three transverse frontopolar gyri ( Mai-1997 ). While it is to a large extent identifiable with area 10 as defined by internal structure, it is not regarded as a separate division of prefrontal cortex ( Preuss-1995; Petrides-2009 ). \r\nIn the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Hof-2000 ) it is identified by cytoarchitecture as the site where the motor cortex, prelimbic area, frontal association area, and orbital areas (rodent) converge. Some authors do not regard it as a separate structure but continue to segment those areas as they converge at the frontal pole ( Franklin-2008 ). Others regard it as the termination of the frontal association area rostral to termination of the other two ( Paxinos-2009b ). ( See also: frontal pole. )","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"frontal polar area","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Frontal pole, cerebral cortex","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"fronto-polar area","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"frontopolar cortex","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"frontopolar area","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"frontal association cortex","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009b","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"frontal pole","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area frontopolaris","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3240","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"pallium","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3240","cDefinition":"refers to one of two components of the cerebrum in the Functional CNS Model - Rat. It is defined on the basis of development from the embryonic Pallium. It consists of two parts, the cerebral cortex and the cortical subplate nuclei ( Swanson-2004 ). The term was sometimes used earlier to refer to the cerebral cortex alone ( Nomina-1983 ). The other component of the cerebrum is the cerebral nuclei. ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"pallium","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"280659"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"Cerebral cortex (pallium)","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cerebrum","parentNeuroNamesId":"2068","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2068","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3241","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"somatosensory cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3241","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure that includes those portions of the cerebral cortex that are part of the somatosensory system. In the human and the macaque it is located almost totally in the parietal lobe. It includes four components: the anterior parietal cortex, the posterior parietal cortex, the somatosensory cortex of the medial wall and the somatosensory cortex of the lateral fissure ( Kaas-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"somatosensory cortex","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3242","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"hippocampal formation (functional)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3242","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure of the ventral part of the limbic lobe defined primarily on the basis of connectivity and function. In the human ( Insausti-2004 ) and the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ) it includes the archicortex, the presubiculum, the parasubiculum and the entorhinal area. It is the same in the rat ( Swanson-2004; Paxinos-2009b ) and mouse ( Dong-2004; Franklin-2008 ) except that it includes the postsubiculum of those species as well.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"hippocampal formation (functional)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"hippocampal formation (Swanson)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"polymodal association cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"2725","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2725","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3243","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterior part of the medial amygdalar nucleus","standardAcronym":"MeA","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3243","cDefinition":"refers to the more rostral component of the medial amygdalar nucleus as identified by Nissl stain. The other component is the posterior part of the medial amygdalar nucleus. In the human ( Mai-1997 ) and the macaque ( Amaral-1992 ) the anterior part is located deep to the entorhinal sulcus on the medial aspect of the temporal lobe. It is bounded laterally by the anterior amygdalar area, ventrally by the basomedial nucleus of the amygdala and, in the human, medially by the cortical amygdalar nucleus. In the macaque it is located similarly relative to the anterior amygdalar area, but is bounded ventrally by the cortical amygdalar nucleus, or by the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract by authors who identify that structure in the primate ( Amaral-1992 ). In the rat ( Swanson-2004; Paxinos-2009b ) its rostral portion extends from the endorhinal groove medially; it is bounded dorsomedially by the lateral hypothalamic area, dorsolaterally, laterally and ventrally by the anterior amygdalar area and the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract. More caudally the bed nucleus of the accessory olfactory tract intervenes between it and the sulcal surface and the optic tract intervenes between it and the lateral hypothalamic area; it is bounded dorsolaterally by the central amygdalar nucleus, laterally by the basomedial nucleus of the amygdala and ventrolaterally by the cortical amygdalar nucleus. Its topology in the mouse is similar to that in the rat except that it is partially bounded dorsally by the substantia innominata ( Hof-2000; Franklin-2008 ). In the rat and mouse the anterior part of the nucleus is further subdivided into two parts: the anterodorsal part of the medial amygdalar nucleus and the anteroventral part of the medial amygdalar nucleus. ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior part of the medial amygdaloid nucleus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"anterior part of the medial amygdalar nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"anterior cortical nucleus (Amaral)","synonymSource":"Amaral-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomical organization of the primate amygdaloid complex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3244","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterior part of the medial amygdalar nucleus","standardAcronym":"MeP","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3244","cDefinition":"refers to the more caudal component of the medial amygdalar nucleus as identified by Nissl stain; the other is the anterior part of the medial amygdalar nucleus. In the human ( Mai-1997 ) and the macaque ( Amaral-1992 ) it is located deep to the entorhinal sulcus on the medial aspect of the temporal lobe. It is bounded dorsally by the substantia innominata, laterally by the central amygdalar nucleus, ventrolaterally by the basomedial nucleus of the amygdala and ventromedially by the posterior cortical amygdalar nucleus. Some authors report that, in the macaque, the anterior amygdalar area extends almost to the posterior extreme of the amygdala ( Paxinos-2009 ); by their interpretation this area, instead of substantia innominata, forms the dorsal boundary of the nucleus; according to this parcellation the nucleus itself extends further caudally, where its ventromedial border is formed by the amygdalohippocampal area. In the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ) the posterior part of the medial nucleus has three components: the posterodorsal part of the medial amygdalar nucleus, the posteroventral part of the medial amygdalar nucleus and the nucleus of the accessory olfactory tract. Caudal to the anterior part of the medial amygdalar nucleus and ventrolateral to the optic tract it is bounded laterally and ventrally by the same structures as in the primate including, according to some authors, the amygdalohippocampal area at its caudal extreme ( Paxinos-2009b; Franklin-2008 ). In the Functional Nervous System all parts of the medial amygdalar nucleus are classified in the extended striatum ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior part of the medial amygdaloid nucleus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"posterior part of the medial amygdalar nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"medial nucleus (Amaral)","synonymSource":"Amaral-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomical organization of the primate amygdaloid complex","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior cortical amygdaloid nucleus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3245","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterior cortical nucleus (Amaral)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3245","cDefinition":"refers to a group of cells in the caudal third of the amygdala of the macaque. It is located ventral to the medial amygdalar nucleus in the dorsomedial portion of amygdalohippocampal area ( Amaral-1992 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"posterior cortical nucleus (Amaral)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3246","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal part of the posterior cortical nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3246","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the posterior cortical amygdalar nucleus as identified by cytoarchitectonis in the human. The other is the ventral part of the posterior cortical nucleus ( Mai-1997 ). Some authors identify a transitional intermediate part of the posterior cortical nucleus. ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal part of the posterior cortical nucleus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superior subdivision of the caudal VCo division","synonymSource":"Olmos-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Amygdala","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3247","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventral part of the posterior cortical nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3247","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the posterior cortical amygdalar nucleus as identified by cytoarchitectonis in the human. The other is the dorsal part of the posterior cortical nucleus ( Mai-1997 ). Some authors identify a transitional intermediate part of the posterior cortical nucleus.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventral part of the posterior cortical nucleus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"inferior subdivision of the caudal VCo division","synonymSource":"Olmos-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Amygdala","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3248","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"intermediate part of the posterior cortical nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3248","cDefinition":"refers to a transitional zone between the dorsal part of the posterior cortical nucleus and the ventral part of the cortical nucleus of the amygdala in the human ( Olmos-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"intermediate part of the posterior cortical nucleus","synonymSource":"BrainInfo-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"BrainInfo\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"intermediate subdivision of the caudal VCo division","synonymSource":"Olmos-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Amygdala","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3249","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterolateral cortical amygdalar nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3249","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the posterior cortical amygdalar nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). The other is the posteromedial cortical amygdalar nucleus.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"posterolateral part of the cortical nucleus","synonymSource":"BrainInfo-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"BrainInfo\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"posterolateral cortical amygdaloid area","synonymSource":"Franklin-2008","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"cortical amygdalar nucleus, posterior part, lateral zone","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"posterolateral cortical amygdalar nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"posterior cortical amygdalar nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"2640","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2640","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3250","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posteromedial cortical amygdalar nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3250","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the posterior cortical amygdalar nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). The other is the posterolateral cortical amygdalar nucleus.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"posteromedial part of the cortical nucleus","synonymSource":"BrainInfo-2001","synonymSourceTitle":"BrainInfo\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"posteromedial cortical amygdaloid nucleus","synonymSource":"Franklin-2008","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"16"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"cortical amygdalar nucleus, posterior part, medial zone","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"posteromedial cortical amygdalar nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"posterior cortical amygdalar nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"2640","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2640","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3253","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"basal telencephalic commissure","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3253","cDefinition":"refers to a bundle of nerve fibers that cross the midline of the forebrain. It forms a \"small crescent at the anterior margin of the anterior commissure.\" ( Lamantia-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"basal telencephalic commissure","synonymSource":"Lamantia-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Cytological and quantitative characteristics of four cerebral commissures in the rhesus monkey","pubMedHits":"1"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3275","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posteromedial orbital lobule","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3275","cDefinition":"refers to the convergence of the posterior orbital gyrus and the medial orbital gyrus at their junction with the anterior insula. Identified by dissection its boundaries are ill-defined; it is continuous rostrally with the orbital gyri and caudally with the transverse insular gyrus ( Ture-1999 ). It is present only in the human.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posteromedial orbital lobule","synonymSource":"Ture-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Topographic anatomy of the insular region","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3276","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"insular apex","standardAcronym":"iax","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3276","cDefinition":"refers to a surgical landmark in the insula of the human. Identified by dissection it is the most prominent point of the insular cortex. It is a surface feature located at the junction of the anterior short gyrus, the posterior short gyrus and the accessory insular gyrus ( Ture-1999 ). It is not found in the macaque or rodents.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"insular apex","synonymSource":"Ture-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Topographic anatomy of the insular region","pubMedHits":"2"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3277","cNIDType":"h","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterior insula - obsolete","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3277","cDefinition":""},{"neuroNamesID":"3279","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"short insular sulcus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3279","cDefinition":"refers to a groove identified by dissection in the anterior insula of the human. It separates the anterior short gyrus from the middle short gyrus ( Ture-1999 ). It is not found in the macaque ( Mufson-1997 ) or the rodent ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"short insular sulcus","synonymSource":"Ture-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Topographic anatomy of the insular region","pubMedHits":"1"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3280","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"precentral insular sulcus","standardAcronym":"pris","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3280","cDefinition":"refers to a groove identified by dissection in the anterior insula of the human. It separates the middle short gyrus from the posterior short gyrus ( Ture-1999 ). It is not found in the macaque ( Mufson-1997 ) or the rodent ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"precentral insular sulcus","synonymSource":"Ture-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Topographic anatomy of the insular region","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3281","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"insular stem","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3281","cDefinition":"refers to a superficial feature of the junction of the insula with the orbital gyri of the frontal lobe and the parahippocampal gyrus of the temporal lobe. It as identified by dissection in the human. It is composed of the limen insula laterally and the surface of the transverse insular gyrus medially ( Ture-1999 ). It is not found in the macaque ( Mufson-1997 ) or the rodent ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"insular stem","synonymSource":"Ture-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Topographic anatomy of the insular region","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3282","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"insular pole","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3282","cDefinition":"refers to a superficial landmark identified by dissection in the human insula. It represents the surfaces of the accessory insular gyrus and the transverse insular gyrus located at the most anteroinferior aspect of the anterior insula where it meets the frontal lobe ( Ture-1999 ). It is not found in the macaque or the rodent ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"insular pole","synonymSource":"Ture-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Topographic anatomy of the insular region","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3283","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterior insular point","standardAcronym":"aip","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3283","cDefinition":"refers to a surgical landmark identified in the human insula by dissection. It is the border of the anterior short gyrus at the junction of the anterior limiting sulcus and the superior limiting sulcus. In 28% of hemispheres a small sulcus develops at the point splitting the upper end of the gyrus ( Ture-1999 ). The anterior point is not found in macaques or rodents.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior insular point","synonymSource":"Ture-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Topographic anatomy of the insular region","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3284","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterior insular point","standardAcronym":"pip","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3284","cDefinition":"refers to a surgical landmark of the insula identified by dissection in primates. It is the site of junction of the superior limiting sulcus and the inferior limiting sulcus ( Ture-1999 ). It is not found in rodents ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior insular point","synonymSource":"Ture-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Topographic anatomy of the insular region","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3285","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"supplemental somatosensory areas","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3285","cDefinition":"refers to all somatosensory areas of the cerebral cortex except the primary somatosensory cortex. In the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Hof-2000 ) it is a single horizontal strip of cortex located on the lateral surface of the hemisphere ventral to the primary somatosensory cortex and dorsal to the visceral area. It is wedge-shaped with the apex rostral and the base abutting the auditory cortex caudally. In the human and macaque the somatosensory cortex is subdivided into a large number of areas distributed caudal and ventral to the primary somatosensory cortex, including the postcentral gyrus of the anterior parietal lobe, the ventrocaudal corner of the inferior frontal gyrus, the adjacent upper bank of the superior temporal gyrus, and the adjoining long insular gyri ( Kaas-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"supplemental somatosensory area","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"secondary somatosensory cortex","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"391"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"supplemental somatosensory areas","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"somatosensory areas","parentNeuroNamesId":"1977","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1977","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3286","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterior insula","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3286","cDefinition":"refers to the more rostral of two parts of the human insula defined on the basis of topology. It consists of five convolutions: three short insular gyri, the accessory insular gyrus and the transverse insular gyrus. It is larger than the more caudal part, the long insular gyri (also known as 'posterior insula'), from which it is separated by the oblique central insular sulcus ( Ture-1999 ).\r\nSome authors describe a sixth convolution, the precentral gyrus of the insula, as locted between the the short insular gyri and the central insular sulcus ( Roberts-1970 ). The defining feature of the anterior insula, the central insular sulcus, is found in the baboon but not the macaque ( Mufson-1997 ); and the anterior insula has no topological equivalent in the rat or the mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior insula","synonymSource":"Ture-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Topographic anatomy of the insular region","pubMedHits":"930"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3287","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area Ig1 of Kurth","standardAcronym":"Ig1","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3287","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the granular insula reported by some authors in the human. It was defined by automated analysis of images of silver-stained coronal sections ( Kurth-2010a ). It is located between the other part, area Ig2 of Kurth, and the posterodorsal margin of the long insular gyri. Both parts are distinguished by a well-developed internal granular layer (IV). Area Ig1 of Kurth is distinguished from area Ig2 of Kurth by a broader external granular layer (II), a more homogeneous external pyramidal layer (III), and a less distinct internal pyramidal layer (V). A contemporary study in the human conducted manually on the basis of multiple stains did not report subdivision of the granular insula ( Morel-2013 ).\r\nResults of studies in the macaque are also mixed. The area Ig1 of Gallay ( Gallay-2012 ), identified on the basis of multiple stains, showed a similar homogeneity of external pyramidal layer (III) compared to area Ig2 of Gallay, but it differed topologically. It was located rostroventrally to area Ig2 of Gallay, whereas area Ig1 of Kurth was located caudodorsally to area Ig2 of Kurth. Subdivision of the granular insula was not reported in other studies of the macaque ( Mesulam-1984, Paxinos-2009a ), nor of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) or mouse ( Hof-2000 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area Ig1","synonymSource":"Kurth-2010a","synonymSourceTitle":"Cytoarchitecture and Probabiblistic Maps of the Human Posterior Insular Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area Ig1 of Kurth","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3288","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area Ig2 of Kurth","standardAcronym":"Ig2","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3288","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the granular insula reported by some authors in the human. It has been defined by automated analysis of images of silver-stained coronal sections ( Kurth-2010a ). Located in the posterodorsal portion of the long insular gyri, rostral to the other part, area Ig1 of Kurth, it is defined by automated analysis of silver-stained coronal sections. Both parts are distinguished by a well-developed internal granular layer (IV). Area Ig2 is distinguished from area Ig1 of Kurth, by a narrower external granular layer (II), a bifurcated external pyramidal layer (III), and a more distinct internal pyramidal layer (V). A contemporary study in the human conducted manually on the basis of multiple stains did not report subdivision of the granular insula ( Morel-2013 ).\r\nResults of studies in the macaque are also mixed. Area Ig2 of Gallay ( Gallay-2012 ), identified on the basis of multiple stains, showed a similar stratification of pyramidal layer (III), but it differed topologically from area Ig1 of Kurth in the human. It was located caudodorsally to Ig1 of Gallay, whereas Ig2 of Kurth was located rostroventrally to Ig1 of Kurth. Subdivision of the granular insula was not reported in other studies of the macaque ( Mesulam-1984, Paxinos-2009a ), nor of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) or mouse ( Hof-2000 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area Ig2","synonymSource":"Kurth-2010a","synonymSourceTitle":"Cytoarchitecture and Probabiblistic Maps of the Human Posterior Insular Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3289","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"visceral cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3289","cDefinition":"refers to an area of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of multiple criteria including function and connectivity. In the human it has been defined by meta-analysis of data from studies involving noninvasive measures of neural activation associated with interoceptive sensations, such as visceral sensations, hunger, thirst, sexual arousal, change in body temperature, listening to one's own heart beat, and resisting the urge to void. A study of the insula showed primary activation of the central part of the structure ( Kurth-2010b ). If the internal structure of the central part of the human insula is comparable to that of the macaque, it is predominantly dysgranular insular cortex (Roberts) ( Mesulam-1984 ) with some involvement of agranular insular cortex (Roberts) ( Paxinos-2009a ). Most authors regard the topological equivalent of the visceral cortex of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ) to be granular insula.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"visceral area","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"23"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"visceral cortex","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"16"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3290","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"parietal operculum","standardAcronym":"pao","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3290","cDefinition":"refers to the part of the parietal lobe that overlies the caudal portion of the insula in primates. It is defined by dissection. The posterior one-third of the superior limiting sulcus separates it from the insula deep in the lateral fissure. It is the part of the superior bank of the lateral fissure that extends from the plane of the central sulcus caudally to the end of the insula. In the human it is composed of the ventrolateral lips of the postcentral gyrus and the supramarginal gyrus, which overlie the posterior insula ( Mai-2004; Schiebler-1999 ). In the macaque only the postcentral gyrus is involved. The parietal operculum together with the frontal operculum constitute the frontoparietal operculum ( Martin-2000 ). It is not found in rodents.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"parietal operculum","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"155"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Operculum parietale","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"opercolo parietale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"opérculo parietal","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"frontoparietal operculum","parentNeuroNamesId":"2390","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2390","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Cortical Opercula - Human","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"frontoparietal operculum","parentNeuroNamesId":"2390","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2390","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Cortical Opercula - Macaque","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3291","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3291","cDefinition":"refers to one of three parts of the inferior frontal gyrus that overlie the insula and form the lower boundary of the gyrus with the lateral fissure. Its boundary with the insula is the superior limiting sulcus ( Ture-1999 ). Defined by dissection, it is the most rostral of the three. The others are the triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus and the opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus. A component of the frontal operculum in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ), it is not present in macaques or rodents.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"girus frontal inferior pars orbital","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus frontalis inferior, pars orbitalis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Pars orbitalis gyri frontalis inferioris","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Operculum orbitale","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"gyrus frontal inférieur, pars orbitalis","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"parte orbitale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"глазничная часть нижней фронтальной извилины","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"глазничная часть нижней лобной извилины","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"porción orbitaria","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"frontal operculum","parentNeuroNamesId":"2268","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2268","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Cortical Opercula - Human","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3292","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus","standardAcronym":"IFGTr","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3292","cDefinition":"refers to one of three parts of the inferior frontal gyrus that overlie the insula and form the lower boundary of the gyrus with the lateral fissure. Its boundary with the insula is the superior limiting sulcus ( Ture-1999 ). Defined by dissection, it is the middle of the three. The others are the orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus and the opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus. A component of the frontal operculum in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ), it is not present in macaques or rodents.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"girus frontal inferior pars triangular","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus frontalis inferior, pars triangularis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Pars triangularis gyri frontalis inferioris","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Pars triangularis of frontal operculum","synonymSource":"Ono-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Operculum frontale","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"gyrus frontal inférieur, pars triangularis","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"parte triangolare","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"треугольная часть нижней фронтальной извилины","synonymSource":"Savel'ev-1996","synonymSourceTitle":"Stereoskopicheskii Atlas Mozga Cheloveka","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"porción triangular","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"frontal operculum","parentNeuroNamesId":"2268","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2268","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Cortical Opercula - Human","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3293","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3293","cDefinition":"refers to one of three parts of the inferior frontal gyrus that overlie the insula and form the lower boundary of the gyrus with the lateral fissure. Its boundary with the insula is the superior limiting sulcus ( Ture-1999 ). Defined by dissection, it is the most caudal of the three. The others are the orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus and the triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus. A component of the frontal operculum in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ), it is not present in macaques or rodents.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"girus frontal inferior pars operkular","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"opercular portion of inferior frontal gyrus","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Gyrus frontalis inferior, pars opercularis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Pars opercularis gyri frontalis inferioris","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Pars posterior of inferior frontal gyrus","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"parte opercolare","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"frontal operculum","parentNeuroNamesId":"2268","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2268","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Cortical Opercula - Human","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3294","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"precentral operculum","standardAcronym":"PrGOp","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3294","cDefinition":"refers to the ventrolateral lip of the precentral gyrus, which overlies the insula and is bounded by the lateral fissure. Its boundary with the insula is the superior limiting sulcus ( Ture-1999 ). Defined by dissection, it is part of the frontal operculum of the human ( Roberts-1970 ), the guenon ( Mauss-1908 ) and the macaque ( NeuroNames ). It is not present in the smooth cerebral cortex of rodents.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"precentral operculum (of Rolando)","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"precentral operculum","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"7"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Old World monkey","synonymName":"Operculum Rolando","synonymSource":"Mauss-1908","synonymSourceTitle":"Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde bei den niederen Affen","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Operculum precentrale","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"frontal operculum","parentNeuroNamesId":"2268","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2268","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Cortical Opercula - Human","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3296","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"temporal operculum","standardAcronym":"tmo","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3296","cDefinition":"refers to the part of the superior temporal gyrus that overlies the ventral portion of the insula in primates, including the human ( Roberts-1970 ) and the macaque ( Pandya-1973 ). It is defined by dissection. The inferior limiting sulcus separates it from the insula deep in the lateral fissure. It is one of three parts of the opercular cortex. The others are the basal operculum and the frontoparietal operculum. It is not present in rodents.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"supratemporal plane","synonymSource":"Pandya-1973","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic parcellation of the temporal operculum in rhesus monkey and its projection pattern","pubMedHits":"70"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"temporal operculum","synonymSource":"Roberts-1970","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas Of The Human Brain In Section","pubMedHits":"15"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Operculum temporale","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"facies supratemporalis","synonymSource":"Mai-1987","synonymSourceTitle":"Neurotensin in the human brain.\n","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"opercolo temporale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"opercular cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3297","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3297","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Cortical Opercula - Human","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"opercular cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3297","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3297","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Cortical Opercula - Macaque","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3297","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"opercular cortex","standardAcronym":"OpCx","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3297","cDefinition":"refers to the parts of the cerebral cortex that cover the insula in primates. In the human it consists of the basal operculum, the frontoparietal operculum, and the temporal operculum. The opercular cortex of the macaque is the same except that it lacks a basal operculum and the inferior frontal gyrus components of the frontoparietal operculum. Opercular cortex is not present in rodents.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"opercular cortex","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"76"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"operculum (brain)","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"opercula","synonymSource":"Ture-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Topographic anatomy of the insular region","pubMedHits":"169"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"Cortical Opercula - Human","parentNeuroNamesId":"3306","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3306","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Cortical Opercula - Human","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"Cortical Opercula - Macaque","parentNeuroNamesId":"3308","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3308","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Cortical Opercula - Macaque","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3298","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"frontal operculum (Krieg)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3298","cDefinition":"refers to the most rostral of three parts of the frontoparietal operculum as defined for the human in Duvernoy-1992 and for the macaque in Krieg-1975. In the human it is the same as the frontal operculum except that it does not include the precentral operculum. In the macaque it is the same except that it only includes the most rostral part of the precentral operculum. The other parts are the subcentral operculum and the parietal operculum (Krieg). It is not present in rodents.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"frontal operculum (Krieg)","synonymSource":"Krieg-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Interpretive Atlas Of The Monkey's Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"opercule frontal","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3299","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"subcentral operculum","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3299","cDefinition":"refers to the middle of three parts of the frontoparietal operculum as defined for the human in Duvernoy-1992 and for the macaque in Krieg-1975. In the human it includes the precentral operculum and the opercular part of the postcentral gyrus that overlies the insula. In the macaque it consists of the caudal portion of the precentral operculum and the rostral portion of the part of the postcentral gyrus that overlies the insula. The other parts are the frontal operculum (Krieg) and the parietal operculum (Krieg). None of the three is present in rodents.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"subcentral operculum","synonymSource":"Krieg-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Interpretive Atlas Of The Monkey's Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"opercule central","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3300","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"parietal operculum (Krieg)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3300","cDefinition":"refers to the most caudal of three parts of the frontoparietal operculum as defined for the human in Duvernoy-1992 and for the macaque in Krieg-1975. In the human it is the same as the parietal operculum except that it does not include the part of the postcentral gyrus that overlies the insula. In the macaque it is the same except that it only includes the most caudal part of the postcentral gyrus that overlies the insula. The other parts are the frontal operculum (Krieg) and the subcentral operculum. It is not present in rodents.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"parietal operculum (Krieg)","synonymSource":"Krieg-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Interpretive Atlas Of The Monkey's Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"opercule pariétal","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3301","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"frontal operculum (Roberts)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3301","cDefinition":"refers to an alternate definition of the frontal operculum in the human. It is the same as the standard definition in that it includes the three parts of the inferior frontal gyrus that overlie the insula, but differs in that it excludes the precentral operculum ( Roberts-1970 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"frontal operculum (Roberts)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3302","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"frontal operculum (Ono)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3302","cDefinition":"refers to an alternate definition of the frontal operculum in the human. It is the same as the standard definition in that it includes two structures that overlie the insula: the orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus and the triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus; but it differs in that it excludes the opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus and the precentral operculum ( Ono-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"frontal operculum (Ono)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3303","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"frontoparietal operculum (Ono)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3303","cDefinition":"refers to an alternate definition of the frontoparietal operculum in the human. It is the same as the standard definition except that it excludes the orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus and the triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus ( Ono-1990 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"frontoparietal operculum (Ono)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Operculum frontoparietale","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3304","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"frontoorbital operculum","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3304","cDefinition":"refers to a portion of the frontal lobe that overlies the insula in the human. It consists of the basal operculum and the orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus ( Ture-1999 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"frontoorbital operculum","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3305","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"frontoparietal operculum (Ture)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3305","cDefinition":"refers to an alternate definition of the frontoparietal operculum in the human. It is the same as the standard definition except that it excludes the orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus ( Ture-1999 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"frontoparietal operculum (Ture)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3309","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area Gu of Paxinos (macaque)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3309","cDefinition":"refers to an area or granular cortex on the rostral inner surface of the frontal operculum that is regarded as the location of gustatory cortex in the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ). It is identified by its internal structure and by input from the thalamic gustatory nucleus, the parvicellular part of the ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPMpc) ( Pritchard-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area Gu of Paxinos (macaque)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area Gu","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009a","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain, Second Edition","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3311","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"insular dysgranular area 1","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3311","cDefinition":"refers to the most caudoventral of three parts of the dysgranular insula in the human. The others are insular dysgranular area 2 and insular dysgranular area 3 ( Zilles-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"insular dysgranular area 1","synonymSource":"Zilles-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Architecture of the Cerebral Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area Id1","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3312","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"insular dysgranular area 2","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3312","cDefinition":"refers to the central of three parts of the dysgranular insula in the human. The others are insular dysgranular area 1 and insular dysgranular area 3 ( Zilles-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"insular dysgranular area 2","synonymSource":"Zilles-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Architecture of the Cerebral Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area Id2","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3313","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"insular dysgranular area 3","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3313","cDefinition":"refers to the most rostrodorsal of three parts of the dysgranular insula in the human. The others are insular dysgranular area 1 and insular dysgranular area 2 ( Zilles-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"insular dysgranular area 3","synonymSource":"Zilles-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Architecture of the Cerebral Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area Id3","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3314","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area Ia-p - obsolete","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3314","cDefinition":""},{"neuroNamesID":"3315","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dysgranular insula","standardAcronym":"Idg","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3315","cDefinition":"refers to a part of the insula defined on the basis of internal structure. It is classified as neocortex ( proisocortex component ). It forms a wide diagonal, caudoventral to rostrodorsal band across the center of the insula. It is bounded dorsally by the granular insula, from which it differs by lack of two distinct granular layers. And it is bounded ventrally by the agranular insula, from which it differs by the presence of granule cells grouped in a single layer or as distinct clusters ( Mesulam-1982 ). The density of granule cells follows a declining gradient from the border with the granular insula to the border with the agranular insula.\r\nThe dysgranular insula differs from the dysgranular insular cortex (Roberts) by its much greater width. A study based on thicker histological sections than examined in the Roberts-1963 study revealed clusters of granule cells in the agranular insular cortex (Roberts) and led to incorporation of that area into the dysgranular insula ( Mesulam-1982 ).\r\nIn the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) the dysgranular insula is identified with the gustatory cortex.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"dysgranular insula","synonymSource":"Mesulam-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Insula of the Old World Monkey. I: Architectonics in the Insulo-orbito-temporal Component of the Paralimbic Brain","pubMedHits":"8"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area Idg","synonymSource":"Mesulam-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Insula of the Old World Monkey. I: Architectonics in the Insulo-orbito-temporal Component of the Paralimbic Brain","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dysgranular field","synonymSource":"Morel-2013","synonymSourceTitle":"The human insula: Architectonic organization and postmortem MRI registration","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"dysgranular domain","synonymSource":"Gallay-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"The Insula of Reil Revisited: Multiarchitectonic Organization in Macaque Monkeys","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3316","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"agranular sector of the insula","standardAcronym":"Ia-p","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3316","cDefinition":"refers to a portion of the insula defined on the basis of internal structure: it lacks granular cell layers. It is found in the human ( Zilles-2012 ) and the macaque ( Mesulam-1982 ). It is bounded dorsally by the dysgranular insula and laterally by the inferior limiting sulcus. Classified as peripaleocortex, it is located between the piriform area ( paleocortex ) and the dysgranular insula ( proisocortex ). \r\nIt is distinguished from surrounding areas by the absence of the external granular layer (II) and the internal granular layer (IV). It has a superficial layer of pyramidal cells, which is continuous with the pyramidal layer of the piriform area, and a deeper layer that is continuous with the claustrum. An intermediate layer of pyramidal cells appears near the boundary with, and continues through, the dysgranular insula. It contains a few granule cells, but they are scattered and do not form clusters or layers as in the other two histologically defined parts of the insula: the dysgranular insula and granular insula. \r\nIt is the insular component of a three-part agranular area. The others, with which it is continuous, are the agranular orbitofrontal cortex and the medial part of the temporal pole ( Mesulam-1984 ). \r\nNote that the agranular sector of the insula is not the same as agranular insular cortex (Roberts), which is illustrated in many textbooks and brain atlases ( Paxinos-2009a ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"primate","synonymName":"agranular insula","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"19"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area Ia-p","synonymSource":"Mesulam-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"The insula of Reil in man and monkey: Architectonics, connectivity, and function","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"agranular-periallocortical belt","synonymSource":"Mesulam-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"The insula of Reil in man and monkey: Architectonics, connectivity, and function","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"Insula, agranular periallocortical","synonymSource":"Mesulam-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Insula of the Old World Monkey. I: Architectonics in the Insulo-orbito-temporal Component of the Paralimbic Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"insular periallocortical belt","synonymSource":"Zilles-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Architecture of the human cerebral cortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"agranular periallocortex of the insula","synonymSource":"Zilles-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Architecture of the human cerebral cortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"agranular-periallocortical cortex","synonymSource":"Mesulam-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Insula of the Old World Monkey. I: Architectonics in the Insulo-orbito-temporal Component of the Paralimbic Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area IPro","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009a","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain, Second Edition","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"agranular domain","synonymSource":"Gallay-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"The Insula of Reil Revisited: Multiarchitectonic Organization in Macaque Monkeys","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"agranular sector of the insula","synonymSource":"Mesulam-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Insula of the Old World Monkey. I: Architectonics in the Insulo-orbito-temporal Component of the Paralimbic Brain","pubMedHits":"2"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3317","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"agranular insular cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3317","cDefinition":"refers to a portion of cerebral cortex identified in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Dong-2004 ) on the basis of internal structure. Lacking granular layers, it is located on the ventrolateral surface of the cerebral cortex rostrally; it is dorsal to the piriform area and ventral to the gustatory cortex and the visceral area ( granular insula ). In rodents it has three subdivisions: dorsal part of the agranular insular area, ventral part of the agranular insular area, and posterior part of the agranular insular area. In the functional CNS model it is a subdivision of polymodal association cortex ( Swanson-2004 ). It is most likely equivalent to the insulo-orbital agranular cortex of the human ( Ongur-2003 ) and the macaque ( Carmichael-1994 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"agranular insular area","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"25"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"agranular insular cortex","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"137"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"polymodal association cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"2725","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2725","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3318","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area Ia1","standardAcronym":"Ia1","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3318","cDefinition":"refers to the more ventral of two subdivisions of the agranular insula. Identified by multiple stains, it is found in the human ( Morel-2013 ) and the macaque ( Gallay-2012 ). The other is area Ia2.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area Ia1","synonymSource":"Morel-2013","synonymSourceTitle":"The human insula: Architectonic organization and postmortem MRI registration","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area Ia1","synonymSource":"Gallay-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"The Insula of Reil Revisited: Multiarchitectonic Organization in Macaque Monkeys","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3319","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area Ia2","standardAcronym":"Ia2","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3319","cDefinition":"refers to the more dorsal of two subdivisions of the agranular insula. Identified by multiple stains, it is found in the human ( Morel-2013 ) and the macaque ( Gallay-2012 ). The other is area Ia1.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area Ia2","synonymSource":"Gallay-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"The Insula of Reil Revisited: Multiarchitectonic Organization in Macaque Monkeys","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area Ia2","synonymSource":"Morel-2013","synonymSourceTitle":"The human insula: Architectonic organization and postmortem MRI registration","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3320","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area Id1","standardAcronym":"Id1","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3320","cDefinition":"refers to the most ventral of three subdivisions of the dysgranular insula. Identified by multiple stains, it is found in the human ( Morel-2013 ) and the macaque ( Gallay-2012 ). The others are area Id2 and area Id3.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area Id1","synonymSource":"Gallay-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"The Insula of Reil Revisited: Multiarchitectonic Organization in Macaque Monkeys","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area Id1","synonymSource":"Morel-2013","synonymSourceTitle":"The human insula: Architectonic organization and postmortem MRI registration","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3321","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area Id2","standardAcronym":"area Id2","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3321","cDefinition":"refers to the middle of three subdivisions of the dysgranular insula. Identified by multiple stains, it is found in the human ( Morel-2013 ) and the macaque ( Gallay-2012 ). The others are area Id1 and area Id3.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area Id2","synonymSource":"Gallay-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"The Insula of Reil Revisited: Multiarchitectonic Organization in Macaque Monkeys","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area Id2","synonymSource":"Morel-2013","synonymSourceTitle":"The human insula: Architectonic organization and postmortem MRI registration","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3322","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area Id3","standardAcronym":"Id3","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3322","cDefinition":"refers to the most dorsal of three subdivisions of the dysgranular insula. Identified by multiple stains, it is found in the human ( Morel-2013 ) and the macaque ( Gallay-2012 ). The others are area Id1 and area Id2.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area Id3","synonymSource":"Gallay-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"The Insula of Reil Revisited: Multiarchitectonic Organization in Macaque Monkeys","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area Id3","synonymSource":"Morel-2013","synonymSourceTitle":"The human insula: Architectonic organization and postmortem MRI registration","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3323","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area Ig1 of Gallay","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3323","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the granular insula reported by some authors in the macaque ( Gallay-2012 ). Identified by multiple stains, it is located between the other part, area Ig2 of Gallay, and the posterodorsal border of the dysgranular insula. Both parts are distinguished by well-developed external granular layer (II) and internal granular layer (IV). Area Ig1 of Gallay is distinguished from area Ig2 of Gallay by a narrower internal granular layer (IV) and less distinct sublamination of the external pyramidal layer (III) and internal pyramidal layer (V). Other descriptions have not reported subdivision of the granular insula in the macaque ( Mesulam-1984, Paxinos-2009a ).\r\nResults of studies of the granular insula in the human are also mixed. Area Ig1 of Kurth ( Kurth-2010a ), identified by automated scans of silver-stained sections of the insula, showed a similar homogeneity of the external pyramidal layer (III) compared to area Ig2 of Kurth but it differed topologically. It was located caudodorsally to Ig2 of Kurth, whereas Ig1 of Gallay was located rostroventrally to Ig2 of Gallay. Subdivision of the granular insula was not reported in a contemporary study of the human ( Morel-2013 ), nor in studies of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Hof-2000 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area Ig1","synonymSource":"Gallay-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"The Insula of Reil Revisited: Multiarchitectonic Organization in Macaque Monkeys","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area Ig1 of Gallay","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3324","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area Ig2 of Gallay","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3324","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the granular insula reported by some authors in the macaque ( Gallay-1012 ).. Identified by multiple stains, it is located between the other part, area Ig1 of Gallay, and field G. Both parts are distinguished by well-developed external granular layer (II) and internal granular layer (IV). Area Ig2 of Gallay is distinguished from area Ig1 of Gallay by a thicker internal granular layer (IV) and more distinct sublamination of the external pyramidal layer (III) and internal pyramidal layer (V). Other descriptions have not reported subdivision of the granular insula in the macaque ( Mesulam-1984, Paxinos-2009a ).\r\nResults of studies of the granular insula in humans are also mixed. Area Ig2 of Kurth ( Kurth-2012 ), identified by automated scans of silver-stained sections of the insula, showed a similar stratifications of pyramidal layer (III) compared to area Ig1 of Kurth, but it differed topologically. It was located rostroventrally to Ig2 of Kurth, whereas Ig2 of Gallay was located caudodorsally to Ig1 of Gallay. Subdivision of the granular insula was not reported in a contemporary study of the human ( Morel-2013 ), nor in studies of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Hof-2000 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area Ig2","synonymSource":"Gallay-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"The Insula of Reil Revisited: Multiarchitectonic Organization in Macaque Monkeys","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area Ig2 of Gallay","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3325","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"field G","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3325","cDefinition":"refers to a narrow strip of 'hypergranular' neocortex located along the dorsal and caudal boundaries of the insula in the human ( Morel-2013 ) and the macaque ( Gallay-2012 ). It is located between the opercula, namely the frontoparietal operculum and the most caudal part of the temporal operculum, and the dysgranular insula and granular insula. Most authors regard it as representing extensions of architectonically defined areas of the cerebral cortex, such as the primary somatosensory cortex and secondary somatosensory cortex, across the limiting sulcus into the insula ( Mesulam-1982 ). The limiting sulcus, which defines the outer boundary of the field, is not present in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) or the mouse ( Hof-2000 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"field G","synonymSource":"Gallay-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"The Insula of Reil Revisited: Multiarchitectonic Organization in Macaque Monkeys","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"domain G","synonymSource":"Morel-2013","synonymSourceTitle":"The human insula: Architectonic organization and postmortem MRI registration","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3326","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"insula proper","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3326","cDefinition":"refers to the portion of the insula of the macaque not occupied by field G ( Gallay-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"insula proper","synonymSource":"Gallay-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"The Insula of Reil Revisited: Multiarchitectonic Organization in Macaque Monkeys","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3327","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"retroinsular area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3327","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture in the human ( Kurth-2010a ) and the macaque ( Pandya-1973 ). Located at the caudal extreme of the insula, it is composed of two subdivisions: area reIpt of Pandya, which is separated from the insula by the superior limiting sulcus, and area reIt of Pandya, which is separated from it by the inferior limiting sulcus.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"retroinsular area","synonymSource":"Pandya-1973","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic parcellation of the temporal operculum in rhesus monkey and its projection pattern","pubMedHits":"7"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"retroinsular cortex","synonymSource":"Kurth-2010a","synonymSourceTitle":"Cytoarchitecture and Probabiblistic Maps of the Human Posterior Insular Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3328","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"inferior precentral dimple","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3328","cDefinition":"refers to a depression in the precentral gyrus of the macaque ( Krieg-1975 ). While some authors refer to it as the anterior subcentral sulcus ( Szabo-1984; Martin-2000 ), it differs from that sulcus in the human by lack of connection to the lateral fissure. The structure in the macaque is in closer proximity to the central sulcus than to the lateral fissure.\r\nEquivalent features are not seen in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"anterior subcentral sulcus","synonymSource":"Szabo-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"A stereotaxic atlas of the brain of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)","pubMedHits":"1"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"anterior subcentral dimple","synonymSource":"Bonin-1947","synonymSourceTitle":"The Neocortex of Macaca Mulatta","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"subcentral dimple","synonymSource":"Krieg-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Interpretive Atlas Of The Monkey's Brain","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"inferior precentral dimple","synonymSource":"Matelli-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Motor Cortex","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"anterior subcentral sulcus","synonymSource":"Szabo-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"A stereotaxic atlas of the brain of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"frontal lobe","parentNeuroNamesId":"56","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Macaque Brain by Dubach-2008","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3329","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"orbital prefrontal cortex (macaque) - obsolete","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3329","cDefinition":"","parents":[{"parentStandardName":"orbitomedial prefrontal cortex (macaque)","parentNeuroNamesId":"2903","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2903","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial cortex model (macaque)","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3330","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"main part of the interposed nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3330","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the interposed nucleus of the cerebellum identified by Nissl stain in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). The other is the parvicellular part of the interposed nucleus. Neither is identified in mouse brain atlases ( Dong-2004; Franklin-2008 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"interposed nucleus, main part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"main part of the interposed nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"interposed nucleus of the cerebellum","parentNeuroNamesId":"1243","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1243","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3331","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"parvicellular part of the interposed nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3331","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the interposed nucleus of the cerebellum identified by Nissl stain in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). The other is the main part of the interposed nucleus. Neither is identified in the mouse brain atlases of Dong-2004 and Franklin-2008.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"interposed nucleus, parvicellular part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"parvicellular part of the interposed nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"interposed nucleus of the cerebellum","parentNeuroNamesId":"1243","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1243","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3332","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"geniculate group of the dorsal thalamus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3332","cDefinition":"refers to one of two divisions of the sensorimotor thalamus defined on the basis of connectivity and function (see Models Where It Appears below). It is the same as the metathalamus of the classical brain model except that it does no include the pregeniculate nucleus. The other division is the ventral group of the dorsal thalamus ( Swanson-2004 ) .\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"geniculate group of the dorsal thalamus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"geniculate group, dorsal thalamus","synonymSource":"Dong-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Allen Reference Atlas","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"sensorimotor thalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"2877","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2877","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3333","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"magnocellular part of the subparafascicular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3333","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the subparafascicular nucleus of the thalamus identified by internal structure in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ). The other is the parvicellular part of the subparafascicular nucleus.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"subparafascicular nucleus, magnocellular part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"magnocellular part of the subparafascicular nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"subparafascicular nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"2253","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2253","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3334","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"parvicellular part of the subparafascicular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3334","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the subparafascicular nucleus of the thalamus identified by internal structure in the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). The other is the magnocellular part of the subparafascicular nucleus.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"subparafascicular nucleus, parvicellular part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"parvicellular part of the subparafascicular nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"subparafascicular thalamic nucleus, parvicellular part","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009a","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain, Second Edition","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"subparafascicular nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"2253","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2253","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3335","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial division of parvicellular subparafascicular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3335","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the parvicellular part of the subparafascicular nucleus of the thalamus identified by internal structure in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). The other is the lateral division of parvicellular subparafascicular nucleus.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"subparafascicular nucleus, parvicellular part, medial division","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"medial division of parvicellular subparafascicular nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"parvicellular part of the subparafascicular nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"3334","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3334","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3336","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral division of parvicellular subparafascicular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3336","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the parvicellular part of the subparafascicular nucleus of the thalamus identified by internal structure in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). The other is the medial division of parvicellular subparafascicular nucleus.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"subparafascicular nucleus, parvicellular part, lateral division","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"lateral division of parvicellular subparafascicular nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"parvicellular part of the subparafascicular nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"3334","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3334","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3337","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal part of the anteromedial nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3337","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the anteromedial nucleus of the thalamus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). The other is the ventral part of the anteromedial nucleus.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"anteromedial nucleus of the thalamus, dorsal part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"dorsal part of the anteromedial nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"anteromedial nucleus of the thalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"304","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=304","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3338","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventral part of the anteromedial nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3338","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the anteromedial nucleus of the thalamus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). The other is the dorsal part of the anteromedial nucleus.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"anteromedial nucleus of the thalamus, ventral part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"ventral part of the anteromedial nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"anteromedial nucleus of the thalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"304","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=304","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3339","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"rostral division of the reuniens nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3339","cDefinition":"refers to one of two divisions of the reuniens nucleus in the thalamus of the rat ( Swanson-2004).\r\nThe other is the caudal division of the reuniens nucleus. It consists of five parts: anterorostral part of the reuniens nucleus, dorsorostral part of the reuniens nucleus, ventrorostral part of the reuniens nucleus, laterorostral part of the reuniens nucleus, and mediorostral part of the reuniens nucleus.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"nucleus reuniens, rostral division","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"rostral division of the reuniens nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"reuniens nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"309","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=309","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3340","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"caudal division of the reuniens nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3340","cDefinition":"refers to one of two divisions of the reuniens nucleus in the thalamus of the rat ( Swanson-2004).\r\nThe other is the rostral division of the reuniens nucleus. It consists of three parts: caudocaudal part of the reuniens nucleus, dorsocaudal part of the reuniens nucleus, and mediocaudal part of the reuniens nucleus.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"nucleus reuniens, caudal division","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"caudal division of the reuniens nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"reuniens nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"309","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=309","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3341","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterorostral part of the reuniens nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3341","cDefinition":"refers to one of five parts of the rostral division of the reuniens nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"nucleus reuniens, rostral division, anterior part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"anterorostral part of the reuniens nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"rostral division of the reuniens nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"3339","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3339","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3342","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsorostral part of the reuniens nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3342","cDefinition":"refers to one of five parts of the rostral division of the reuniens nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"nucleus reuniens, rostral division, dorsal part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"dorsorostral part of the reuniens nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"rostral division of the reuniens nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"3339","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3339","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3343","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventrorostral part of the reuniens nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3343","cDefinition":"refers to one of five parts of the rostral division of the reuniens nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"nucleus reuniens, rostral division, ventral part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"ventrorostral part of the reuniens nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"rostral division of the reuniens nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"3339","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3339","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3344","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"laterorostral part of the reuniens nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3344","cDefinition":"refers to one of five parts of the rostral division of the reuniens nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"nucleus reuniens, rostral division, lateral part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"laterorostral part of the reuniens nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"rostral division of the reuniens nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"3339","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3339","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3345","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"mediorostral part of the reuniens nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3345","cDefinition":"refers to one of five parts of the rostral division of the reuniens nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"nucleus reuniens, rostral division, median part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"mediorostral part of the reuniens nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"rostral division of the reuniens nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"3339","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3339","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3346","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"caudocaudal part of the reuniens nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3346","cDefinition":"refers to one of three parts of the caudal division of the reuniens nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"nucleus reuniens, caudal division, caudal part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"caudocaudal part of the reuniens nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"caudal division of the reuniens nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"3340","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3340","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3347","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsocaudal part of the reuniens nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3347","cDefinition":"refers to one of three parts of the caudal division of the reuniens nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"nucleus reuniens, caudal division, dorsal part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"dorsocaudal part of the reuniens nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"caudal division of the reuniens nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"3340","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3340","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3348","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"mediocaudal part of the reuniens nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3348","cDefinition":"refers to one of three parts of the caudal division of the reuniens nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"nucleus reuniens, caudal division, median part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"mediocaudal part of the reuniens nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"caudal division of the reuniens nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"3340","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3340","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3349","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"subcortical somatosensory system","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3349","cDefinition":"refers to one of seven subcortical sensory systems in the functional model of central nervous system organization (see Models Where It Appears below). It consists of a set of thirteen nuclei, areas and zones in the cerebrospinal trunk, which are grouped on the basis of connectivity and function. Located in the spinal cord, hindbrain, midbrain, and interbrain, they process inputs from receptors in the skin, muscles and joints that arrive from the peripheral nervous system and provide output to the somatosensory cortex of the forebrain ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"sensory system, somatosensory","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"subcortical somatosensory system","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"2"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"subcortical sensory systems","parentNeuroNamesId":"2874","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2874","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3350","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventrolateral oral part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3350","cDefinition":"refers to one of five subdivisions of the oral part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). (See Models in Which It Appears below.) ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"spinal nucleus of the trigeminal, oral part, ventrolateral part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"ventrolateral oral part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"oral part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"835","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=835","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3351","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"rostral dorsomedial oral part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3351","cDefinition":"refers to one of five subdivisions of the oral part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). (See Models in Which It Appears below.) ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"spinal nucleus of the trigeminal, oral part, rostral dorsomedial part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"rostral dorsomedial oral part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"oral part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"835","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=835","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3352","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal zone of the middle dorsomedial oral part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3352","cDefinition":"refers to one of five subdivisions of the oral part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). (See Models in Which It Appears below.) ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"spinal nucleus of the trigeminal, oral part, middle dorsomedial part, dorsal zone","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"dorsal zone of the middle dorsomedial oral part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"oral part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"835","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=835","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3353","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventral zone of the middle dorsomedial oral part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3353","cDefinition":"refers to one of five subdivisions of the oral part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). (See Models in Which It Appears below.) ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"ventral zone of the middle dorsomedial oral part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"spinal nucleus of the trigeminal, oral part, middle dorsomedial part, ventral zone","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"oral part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"835","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=835","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3354","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"caudal dorsomedial oral part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3354","cDefinition":"refers to one of five subdivisions of the oral part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). (See Models in Which It Appears below.) ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"spinal nucleus of the trigeminal, oral part, caudal dorsomedial part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"caudal dorsomedial oral part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"oral part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"835","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=835","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3355","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"principal part of the gracile nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3355","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the gracile nucleus differentiated by internal structure in the rat. The other is the median part of the gracile nucleus ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"gracile nucleus, principal part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"principal part of the gracile nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"gracile nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"766","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=766","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3356","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"median part of the gracile nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3356","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the gracile nucleus differentiated by internal structure in the rat. The other is the principal part of the gracile nucleus ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"gracile nucleus, median part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"median part of the gracile nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"gracile nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"766","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=766","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3357","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"basal nucleus of the dorsal horn, general","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3357","cDefinition":"refers to a spinal component of the subcortical somatosensory system in the rat. Located approximately at the level the histologically defined lamina V and lamina VI of the posterior gray column, it consists of three parts: the base of the posterior horn, the lateral cervical nucleus, and the lateral spinal nucleus. In the functional model of central nervous system organization it is classified as part of the subcortical somatosensory system ( Swanson-2004 ) (see Models Where It Appears below).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"basal nucleus of the dorsal horn, general","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"subcortical somatosensory system","parentNeuroNamesId":"3349","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3349","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3358","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"intermediate gray column","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3358","cDefinition":"refers to one of three parts of the spinal central gray subdivided on the basis of topology. It is located between the other two parts, the anterior gray column and the posterior gray column. In cross sections of the the spinal cord the intermediate zone appears as a horizontal band extending the width of the H-shaped spinal central gray at the level of the crossbar of the H. It contains all of the cytoarchitecturally defined lamina X and most of lamina VII ( Carpenter-1983 ). In the functional model of central nervous system organization it is classified as part of the subcortical somatosensory system ( Swanson-2004 ) (see Models Where It Appears below).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"intermediate gray substance","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"intermediate grey matter","synonymSource":"Huang-2007","synonymSourceTitle":"The characteristics of neuronal injury in a static compression model of spinal cord injury in adult rats.\n","pubMedHits":"25"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"intermediate gray of the spinal cord, general","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"intermediate gray column","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Zona intermedia","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"27"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"zona intermedia","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"zona gris intermedia","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"zona intermedia","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"subcortical somatosensory system","parentNeuroNamesId":"3349","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3349","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3359","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"rostral part of the thoracic column","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3359","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the thoracic column in the rat. The other is the caudal part of the thoracic column ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"rostral part of the thoracic column","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"dorsal nucleus of the spinal cord, rostral part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"thoracic column","parentNeuroNamesId":"2618","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2618","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3360","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"caudal part of the thoracic column","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3360","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the thoracic column in the rat. The other is the rostral part of the thoracic column ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"caudal part of the thoracic column","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"dorsal nucleus of the spinal cord, caudal part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"thoracic column","parentNeuroNamesId":"2618","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2618","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3361","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"intermediate gray of the spinal cord proper","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3361","cDefinition":"refers to the portion of the intermediate gray column not occupied by the central cervical nucleus or the thoracic column in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"intermediate gray of the spinal cord proper","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"intermediate gray column","parentNeuroNamesId":"3358","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3358","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3362","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"motor superior colliculus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3362","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the superior colliculus in the functional model of the central nervous system ( Swanson-2004 ). The other part is the sensory superior colliculus. The motor part includes the deeper four of seven layers of the superior colliculus: the middle gray layer of the superior colliculus, the middle white layer of the superior colliculus, the deep gray layer of the superior colliculus and the deep white layer of the superior colliculus.( Carpenter-1983 ). Found both in primates and rodents it is functionally part of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"motor superior colliculus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"stratum lemnisci of the superior colliculus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"superior colliculus, motor related","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"motor part of the superior colliculus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Stratum lemnisci","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"strato del lemnisco","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"subcortical motor system","parentNeuroNamesId":"2876","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2876","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3363","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"cap area of the ventral cochlear nuclei","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3363","cDefinition":"refers to a saddle shaped area centered dorsally in the ventral cochlear nuclei of the human. It extends down either side... more prominent on the lateral side than the medial side ( Moore-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cap area of the ventral cochlear nuclei","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cap area of the ventral division of the cochlear nucleus","synonymSource":"Amunts-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Auditory System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cap area of the ventral cochlear nucleus","synonymSource":"Moore-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Auditory System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"ventral cochlear nucleus, capsular part","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009b","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3364","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"octopus cell area","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3364","cDefinition":"refers to a group of multipolar neurons located at the posterior extreme of the posteroventral cochlear nucleus. It is present in the human ( Moore-2004 ). Some authors report it in the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ) as well.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"octopus cell area","synonymSource":"Moore-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Auditory System","pubMedHits":"17"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"ventral cochlear nucleus, posterior part, octopus cell area","synonymSource":"Franklin-2008","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3365","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"superior olivary nuclei","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3365","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure of the subcortical auditory system in the functional CNS model. It includes the superior olive and, in primates, the periolivary region; in rodents, the periolivary region - obsolete ( Swanson-2004 ). It is the same as the classical superior olivary complex except that it does not include the trapezoid nucleus.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"superior olivary nuclei","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"75"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"superior olivary complex (Swanson)","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"subcortical auditory system","parentNeuroNamesId":"2888","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2888","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3366","cNIDType":"h","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsomedial periolivary nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3366","cDefinition":"refers to one of four cell groups identified by Nissl stain in the periolivary region of the superior olivary complex of the human ( Amunts-2012 ). The others are the medial periolivary nucleus, the ventral periolivary nucleus, and the rostral periolivary region. Functionally it is part of the subcortical auditory system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorso-medial periolivary nucleus","synonymSource":"Amunts-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Auditory System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"dorsomedial periolivary nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"11"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"periolivary nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"47"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3367","cNIDType":"h","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial periolivary nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3367","cDefinition":"refers to one of four cell groups identified by Nissl stain in the periolivary region of the superior olivary complex of the human ( Amunts-2012 ). The others are the dorsomedial periolivary nucleus, the ventral periolivary nucleus, and the rostral periolivary region. Functionally it is part of the subcortical auditory system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial periolivary nucleus","synonymSource":"Amunts-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Auditory System","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3368","cNIDType":"h","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventral periolivary nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3368","cDefinition":"refers to one of four cell groups identified by Nissl stain in the periolivary region of the superior olivary complex of the human ( Amunts-2012 ). The others are the dorsomedial periolivary nucleus, the medial periolivary nucleus, and the rostral periolivary region. Functionally it is part of the subcortical auditory system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventral periolivary nucleus","synonymSource":"Amunts-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Auditory System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"preolivary nucleus","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"preolivary nuclei","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Nucleus preolivaris","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"1"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3369","cNIDType":"h","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"rostral periolivary region","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3369","cDefinition":"refers to a group of large multipolar neurons, one of four groups identified by Nissl stain in the periolivary region of the human superior olivary complex. It extends from the superior olive laterally to the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus. The other groups are the dorsomedial periolivary nucleus, the medial periolivary nucleus, and the ventral periolivary nucleus. Functionally it is part of the subcortical auditory system ( Amunts-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"rostral periolivary region","synonymSource":"Amunts-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Auditory System","pubMedHits":"5"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3370","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"superior paraolivary nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3370","cDefinition":"refers to one of four cell groups identified by Nissl stain in the periolivary region of the macaque. The others are the medioventral periolivary nucleus, the lateroventral periolivary nucleus, and the dorsal periolivary region ( Paxinos-2009a ). It is also identified by some authors in the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ). Functionally it is part of the subcortical auditory system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca mulatta","synonymName":"superior paraolivary nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009a","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain, Second Edition","pubMedHits":"62"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3371","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"horizontal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3371","cDefinition":"refers to a narrow band of cells located between the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus and the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). Functionally it belongs to the subcortical auditory system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"horizontal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, horizontal part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"triangular nucleus, lateral lemniscus","synonymSource":"Franklin-2008","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"nuclei of the lateral lemniscus","parentNeuroNamesId":"1158","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1158","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3372","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (Paxinos)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3372","cDefinition":"refers to an alternate definition of the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus in the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008; Hof-2000 ). It comprises the ventral part of the nucleus with the more dorsal part designated the intermediate nucleus of the lateral lemniscus.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (Paxinos)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009b","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3373","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"prefacial extension of the solitary nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3373","cDefinition":"refers to a cell group in the solitary nucleus involved in taste perception in the human and the macaque ( Pritchard-2012 ). It is part of the functionally defined medullary gustatory area of primates.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"prefacial extension of the solitary nucleus","synonymSource":"Pritchard-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Gustatory System","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3374","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"solitary nucleus (Swanson)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3374","cDefinition":"refers to the portions of the solitary nucleus involved in viscerosensory functions. It includes all of the solitary nucleus except the medullary gustatory area, which is involved in taste perception ( Swanson-2004).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"solitary nucleus (Swanson)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"nucleus of the solitary tract","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"viscerosensory nuclei","parentNeuroNamesId":"2890","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2890","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3375","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"central part of the solitary nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3375","cDefinition":"refers to one of eleven or twelve subdivisions of the solitary nucleus in the medulla of the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). \r\nIt is one of five subdivisions of the solitary nucleus (Swanson) of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Dong-2004 ). Functionally it is a component of the viscerosensory nuclei.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"central part of the solitary nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"nucleus of the solitary tract, central part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"solitary nucleus central part","synonymSource":"Franklin-2008","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"solitary nucleus (Swanson)","parentNeuroNamesId":"3374","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3374","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3376","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"commissural part of the solitary nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3376","cDefinition":"refers to one of ten to twelve subdivisions of the solitary nucleus in the medulla of the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ).\r\n It is one of five subdivisions of the solitary nucleus (Swanson) in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Dong-2004 ). Functionally it is a component of the viscerosensory nuclei.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"commissural part of the solitary nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"nucleus of the solitary tract, commissural part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"solitary nucleus commissural part","synonymSource":"Franklin-2008","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"solitary nucleus, commissural part","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009a","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain, Second Edition","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"solitary nucleus (Swanson)","parentNeuroNamesId":"3374","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3374","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3377","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"gelatinous part of the solitary nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3377","cDefinition":"refers to one of ten to twelve subdivisions of the solitary nucleus in the medulla of the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ).\r\n It is one of five subdivisions of the solitary nucleus (Swanson) in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). Functionally it is a component of the viscerosensory nuclei.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"gelatinous part of the solitary nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"nucleus of the solitary tract, gelatinous part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"solitary nucleus gelatinous part","synonymSource":"Franklin-2008","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"solitary nucleus, gelatinous part","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009a","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain, Second Edition","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"solitary nucleus (Swanson)","parentNeuroNamesId":"3374","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3374","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3378","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral part of the solitary nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3378","cDefinition":"refers to one of ten to twelve subdivisions of the solitary nucleus in the medulla of the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). \r\nIt is one of five subdivisions of the solitary nucleus (Swanson) in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Dong-2004 ). Functionally it is a component of the viscerosensory nuclei.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"lateral part of the solitary nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"nucleus of the solitary tract, lateral part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"solitary nucleus lateral part","synonymSource":"Franklin-2008","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"solitary nucleus, lateral part","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009a","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain, Second Edition","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"solitary nucleus (Swanson)","parentNeuroNamesId":"3374","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3374","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3379","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"caudomedial zone of the solitary nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3379","cDefinition":"refers to one of five parts of the solitary nucleus (Swanson) in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). Functionally it is a component of the viscerosensory nuclei. The other zone, the rostromedial zone of the solitary nucleus, is involved in taste perception ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"caudomedial zone of the solitary nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"nucleus of the solitary tract, medial part, caudal zone","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"solitary nucleus (Swanson)","parentNeuroNamesId":"3374","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3374","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3380","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial part of the solitary nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3380","cDefinition":"refers to one of five to twelve subdivisions of the solitary nucleus in the medulla of the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). \r\nIn the solitary nucleus (Swanson) it is subdivided into the rostromedial zone of the solitary nucleus and the caudomedial zone of the solitary nucleus, which belong functionally to the medullary gustatory area and the viscerosensory nuclei respectively ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"medial part of the solitary nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"nucleus of the solitary tract, medial part","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009b","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"solitary nucleus, medial part","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009a","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain, Second Edition","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"solitary nucleus medial part","synonymSource":"Franklin-2008","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3381","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"subpeduncular pigmented nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3381","cDefinition":"refers to one of four components of the parabrachial nuclei of the human. It is located along the ventrolateral boundary of the lateral parabrachial nucleus. Identified by the presence of neuromelanin containing cells, it is not found in species other than humans ( Paxinos-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"subpeduncular pigmented nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Organization of Brainstem Nuclei","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"subpeduncular nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Organization of Brainstem Nuclei","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleus \"X\" of Fix","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Organization of Brainstem Nuclei","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3382","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"raphe nuclei (functional)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3382","cDefinition":"denotes a composite midline structure that extends from the caudal medulla to the midbrain of the upper cerebrospinal trunk. It includes all of the raphe nuclei (classical) plus the interfascicular nucleus, the interpeduncular nucleus the rostral linear nucleus of the raphe, the caudal linear nucleus of the raphe, and the nucleus incertus ( Swanson-2004 ). \r\nAll of the component nuclei are found in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). All except the nucleus incertus are found in the human ( Paxinos-2012 ) and the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ). Functionally the nuclei are part of the behavioral state system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"raphe nuclei","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"6396"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"raphe nuclei (functional)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"behavioral state system","parentNeuroNamesId":"2875","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2875","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3383","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"rostral subnucleus of the interpeduncular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3383","cDefinition":"refers to one of three or four subnuclei of the interpeduncular nucleus in the human ( Paxinos-2012 ) and the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ). It is one of five to seven subnuclei in the rat ( Swanson-2004; Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000; Franklin-2008 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"rostral subnucleus of the interpeduncular nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"interpeduncular nucleus, rostral subnucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"interpeduncular nucleus, rostral part","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"interpeduncular nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"522","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=522","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3384","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"apical subnucleus of the interpeduncular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3384","cDefinition":"refers to one of three subnuclei of the interpeduncular nucleus in the human ( Paxinos-2012 ). It is one of five to seven subnuclei in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). It is not identified in the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"apical subnucleus of the interpeduncular nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"interpeduncular nucleus, apical subnucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"interpeduncular nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"522","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=522","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3385","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral subnucleus of the interpeduncular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3385","cDefinition":"refers to one of three subnuclei of the interpeduncular nucleus in the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ). While it is not reported in the human, the human has a dorsolateral subnucleus, which is lacking in the macaque ( Paxinos-2012 ). \r\nThe lateral subnucleus is one of five to seven subnuclei in the rat ( Swanson-2004; Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000; Franklin-2008 ). In rodents it is further subdivided into a dorsal part of the lateral subnucleus, intermediate part of the lateral subnucleus, ventral part of the lateral subnucleus and rostral part of the lateral subnucleus ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"lateral subnucleus of the interpeduncular nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"interpeduncular nucleus, lateral subnucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure Of The Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"interpeduncular nucleus, lateral part","synonymSource":"Hof-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Neurofilament protein defines regional patterns of cortical organization in the macaque monkey visual system: a quantitative immunohistochemical analysis","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"interpeduncular nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"522","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=522","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3386","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal part of the lateral subnucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3386","cDefinition":"refers to one of four parts of the lateral subnucleus of the interpeduncular nucleus of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"dorsal part of the lateral subnucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"interpeduncular nucleus, lateral subnucleus, dorsal part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"interpeduncular nucleus, dorsolateral subnucleus","synonymSource":"Franklin-2008","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"interpeduncular nucleus, dorsolateral part","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3387","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"intermediate part of the lateral subnucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3387","cDefinition":"refers to one of four parts of the lateral subnucleus of the interpeduncular nucleus of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"intermediate part of the lateral subnucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"interpeduncular nucleus, lateral subnucleus, intermediate part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3388","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventral part of the lateral subnucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3388","cDefinition":"refers to one of four parts of the lateral subnucleus of the interpeduncular nucleus of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"ventral part of the lateral subnucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"interpeduncular nucleus, lateral subnucleus, ventral part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3389","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"rostral part of the lateral subnucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3389","cDefinition":"refers to one of four parts of the lateral subnucleus of the interpeduncular nucleus of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"rostral part of the lateral subnucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"interpeduncular nucleus, lateral subnucleus, rostral part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3390","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"intermediate subnucleus of the interpeduncular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3390","cDefinition":"refers to one of five to seven subnuclei of the interpeduncular nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). It is not identified in the human ( Paxinos-2012 ) or the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"intermediate subnucleus of the interpeduncular nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"interpeduncular nucleus, intermediate subnucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"interpeduncular nucleus, intermediate part","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"interpeduncular nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"522","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=522","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3391","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"central subnucleus of the interpeduncular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3391","cDefinition":"refers to one of five or six subdivisions of the interpeduncular nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"central subnucleus of the interpeduncular nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"interpeduncular nucleus, central subnucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"interpeduncular nucleus, central part","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"interpeduncular nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"522","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=522","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3392","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"caudal subnucleus of the interpeduncular nucleus","standardAcronym":"IPc","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3392","cDefinition":"refers to one of three or four subnuclei of the interpeduncular nucleus in the human ( Paxinos-2012 ) and the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ). It is one of seven subnuclei in the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"caudal subnucleus of the interpeduncular nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"interpeduncular nucleus, caudal subnucleus","synonymSource":"Franklin-2008","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3393","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsomedial subnucleus of the interpeduncular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3393","cDefinition":"refers to one of six or seven subnuclei of the interpeduncular nucleus of the rat ( Paxinos-2009b; Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Franklin-2008; Hof-2000 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"dorsomedial subnucleus of the interpeduncular nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"interpeduncular nucleus, dorsomedial subnucleus","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"interpeduncular nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"522","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=522","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3394","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"somatic motoneuron pools","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3394","cDefinition":"refers to a functionally defined set of nuclei and parts of nuclei in the midbrain, medulla, and spinal cord of the cerebrospinal trunk, which contain neurons with axons that pass in cranial nerves and spinal nerves of the peripheral nervous system to innervate the extraocular muscles, muscles of the face, and skeletal musculature. The pools include the oculomotor nuclear complex, trochlear nucleus, abducens nucleus, accessory abducens nucleus, motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve, facial nucleus, accessory facial nucleus, efferent cochlear group, efferent vestibular nucleus, dorsal division of the ambiguous nucleus, accessory nerve nucleus, hypoglossal nucleus and anterior gray column of the spinal cord. Functionally the somatic motoneuron pools comprise one of two motoneuron groups. The other is the neuroendocrine motor zone ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"somatic motoneuron pools","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"motoneuron groups","parentNeuroNamesId":"2918","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2918","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3395","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventromedial parvicellular zone of the paraventricular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3395","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, descending division, medial parvicellular part, ventral zone","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"ventromedial parvicellular zone of the paraventricular nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"descending division of the paraventricular nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"3229","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3229","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3396","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal parvicellular part of the paraventricular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3396","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"dorsal parvicellular part of the paraventricular nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, descending division, dorsal parvicellular part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"descending division of the paraventricular nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"3229","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3229","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3397","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral parvicellular part of the paraventricular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3397","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"lateral parvicellular part of the paraventricular nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, descending division, lateral parvicellular part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Architecture: Understanding the Basic Plan","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"descending division of the paraventricular nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"3229","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3229","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3398","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"fornical part of the paraventricular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3398","cDefinition":"N/A","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"fornical part of the paraventricular nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, descending division, forniceal part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"descending division of the paraventricular nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"3229","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3229","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3399","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"midbrain reticular fields","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3399","cDefinition":"refers to a small group of dopaminergic cells located rostral to most of the A8 cell group, which is located in the retrorubral area of the human ( Halliday-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"midbrain reticular fields","synonymSource":"Halliday-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Substantia Nigra, Ventral Tegmental Area, and Retrorubral Fields","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3400","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"magnocellular part of the lateral reticular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3400","cDefinition":"refers to one of two components of the lateral reticular nucleus as identified by Nissl stain in the medullary reticular formation of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ). It may be equivalent to the combination of two parts of the nucleus identified by multiple stains: the lateral reticular nucleus proper and the subtrigeminal part of the lateral reticular nucleus.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"magnocellular part of the lateral reticular nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"lateral reticular nucleus, magnocellular part","synonymSource":"Franklin-2008","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"lateral reticular nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"727","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=727","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3401","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"parvicellular part of the lateral reticular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3401","cDefinition":"refers to a component of the lateral reticular nucleus as identified by Nissl stain and by multiple stains ( Paxinos-2012 ). Part of the medullary reticular formation, it is found in the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ), and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). A second component defined by Nissl stain in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) is the magnocellular part of the lateral reticular nucleus. Two other components defined by multiple stains in primates and the rat are the lateral reticular nucleus proper and the subtrigeminal part of the lateral reticular nucleus. The mouse has one other part identified by multiple stains, the lateral reticular nucleus proper ( Franklin-2008 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"parvicellular part of the lateral reticular nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"lateral reticular nucleus, parvicellular part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"parvicellular part of LRt","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Organization of Brainstem Nuclei","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"parvicellular division of the lateral reticular nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Organization of Brainstem Nuclei","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"lateral reticular nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"727","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=727","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3402","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral reticular nucleus proper","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3402","cDefinition":"refers to the largest component of the lateral reticular nucleus as identified by multiple stains. Part of the medullary reticular formation, it is found in the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ), and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). Two other components in the primates and the rat are the parvicellular part of the lateral reticular nucleus and the subtrigeminal part of the lateral reticular nucleus. The mouse has one other part, the parvicellular part of the lateral reticular nucleus ( Franklin-2008 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral reticular nucleus proper","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Organization of Brainstem Nuclei","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral reticular nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Organization of Brainstem Nuclei","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3403","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"subtrigeminal part of the lateral reticular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3403","cDefinition":"refers to one of three components of the lateral reticular nucleus as identified by multiple stains. Part of the medullary reticular formation, it is found in the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), and the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ). The other two components are the lateral reticular nucleus proper and the parvicellular part of the lateral reticular nucleus.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"subtrigeminal part of the lateral reticular nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"subtrigeminal division","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Organization of Brainstem Nuclei","pubMedHits":"7"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"lateral reticular nucleus, subtrigeminal part","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009a","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain, Second Edition","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3404","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal paramedian nucleus","standardAcronym":"","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3404","cDefinition":"refers to the more rostral of two cell groups located in the floor of the fourth ventricle between the nucleus prepositus and the midline of the medulla in the human ( Paxinos-2012 ) and the macaque ( Oertel-1969 ). The other is the oral paramedian nucleus. Some authors regard the oral nucleus as part of the dorsal nucleus ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal paramedian nucleus","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"caudal dorsal paramedian nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Organization of Brainstem Nuclei","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"Nucleus paramedianus dorsalis","synonymSource":"Oertel-1969","synonymSourceTitle":"Zur zyto- und myeloarchitektonik des Rhombencephalon des Rhesusaffen (Macaca mulatta Zimmerman)","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus paramedianus posterior","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo paramediano dorsale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"заднее парамедианное ядро","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Spanish","organism":"human","synonymName":"núcleo reticular paramediano dorsal","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomía Fundamentos","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3405","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"oral paramedian nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3405","cDefinition":"refers to the more caudal of two cell groups located in the floor of the fourth ventricle between the nucleus prepositus and the midline of the medulla in the human ( Paxinos-2012 ) and the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ). The other is the dorsal paramedian nucleus. Some authors regard the oral nucleus as part of the dorsal nucleus ( Crosby-1962 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"oral paramedian nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"oral dorsal paramedian nucleus","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Organization of Brainstem Nuclei","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus paramedianus oralis","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3406","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal part of the medial habenula","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3406","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the medial habenula of the rat. The other is the ventral part of the medial habenula. In this segmentation of the habenula, the lateral habenula is not subdivided ( Swanson-2004 ). \r\nOther authors do not subdivide the medial habenula in the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) or the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ) but divide the lateral habenula of into a medial part of the lateral habenula and lateral part of the lateral habenula. \r\nNeither nucleus of the habenula is subdivided in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) or the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ). Functionally the habenula belongs to the central gray of the behavior control column ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"dorsal part of the medial habenula","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"medial habenula, dorsal part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"medial habenula","parentNeuroNamesId":"296","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=296","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3408","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial part of the lateral habenula","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3408","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the lateral habenula of the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). The other is the lateral part of the lateral habenula. In this segmentation of the habenula, the medial habenula is not subdivided. \r\nOther authors do not subdivide the lateral habenula in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) but divide the medial habenula into a dorsal part of the medial habenula and ventral part of the medial habenula. \r\nNeither nucleus of the habenula is subdivided in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) or the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ). Functionally the habenula belongs to the central gray of the behavior control column ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"medial part of the lateral habenula","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"lateral habenular nucleus, medial part","synonymSource":"Franklin-2008","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3409","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral part of the lateral habenula","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3409","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the lateral habenula of the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). The other is the medial part of the lateral habenula. In this segmentation of the habenula, the medial habenula is not subdivided. \r\nOther authors do not subdivide the lateral habenula in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) but divide the medial habenula into a dorsal part of the medial habenula and ventral part of the medial habenula. \r\nNeither nucleus of the habenula is subdivided in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) or the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ). Functionally the habenula belongs to the central gray of the behavior control column ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"lateral part of the lateral habenula","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"lateral habenular nucleus, lateral part","synonymSource":"Franklin-2008","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3410","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventral part of the medial habenula","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3410","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the medial habenula of the rat. The other is the dorsal part of the medial habenula. In this segmentation of the habenula, the lateral habenula is not subdivided ( Swanson-2004 ). \r\nOther authors do not subdivide the medial habenula in the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) or the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ) but divide the lateral habenula into a medial part of the lateral habenula and lateral part of the lateral habenula. \r\nNeither nucleus of the habenula is subdivided in the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) or the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ). Functionally the habenula belongs to the central gray of the behavior control column ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"ventral part of the medial habenula","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"medial habenula, ventral part","synonymSource":"Swanson-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure Of The Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"medial habenula","parentNeuroNamesId":"296","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=296","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3411","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"motor periaqueductal gray","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3411","cDefinition":"refers to the part of the functionally-defined central gray that largely surrounds the cerebral aqueduct in the midbrain tegmentum ( Swanson-2004 ). Based primarily on studies in the rat, it includes four nuclei in addition to the classical periaqueductal gray: the precommissural nucleus, medial accessory oculomotor nucleus, interstitial nucleus of Cajal, and nucleus of Darkshevich. \r\nIn the motor definition, the periaqueductal gray is subdivided somewhat differently than in the classical version. It is composed of a narrow medial division of the periaqueductal gray, which surrounds the cerebral aqueduct throughout its course; the dorsomedial periaqueductal gray, which caps the aqueduct as it emerges from beneath the posterior commissure and extends caudally to the junction of the aqueduct with the fourth ventricle; the dorsolateral periaqueductal gray that lies lateral to it throughhalf of its course; the commissural nucleus, the rostromedial division of the periaqueductal gray, and the rostrolateral division of the periaqueductal gray, which occupy the area ventral to the dorsomedial and dorsolateral divisions and lateral to the medial division in the rostral quarter of the periaqueductal gray, and the ventrolateral division of the periaqueductal gray, which occupies that area in the caudal three quarters of the structure.\r\nFunctionally the motor periaqueductal gray is a component of the behavior control column of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"periaqueductal gray","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"4494"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"motor periaqueductal gray","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"central gray","parentNeuroNamesId":"1584","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1584","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3413","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"intercalated periaqueductal gray","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3413","cDefinition":"refers to a small group of neurons staining for nitiric oxide synthase (NADPH-diaphorase) in the periaqueductal gray of the human. They are located about one third of the length of the periqueductal gray from its caudal extreme. The cells are distributed on both sides of the boundary between the lightly staining lateral periaqueductal gray and ventrolateral periaqueductal gray ( Carrive-2012 ). Functionally the intercalated periaqueductal gray belongs to the motor periaqueductal gray of the behavior control column in the cerebrospinal trunk ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"intercalated periaqueductal gray","synonymSource":"Carrive-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Periaqueductal Gray","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3414","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial division of the periaqueductal gray","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3414","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the periaqueductal gray as segmented in the functionally defined motor periaqueductal gray. It is a narrow band of cells that surrounds the cerebral aqueduct throughout its course. It represents the medial most portion of each of the four longitudinal columns of the classical periaqueductal gray. Functionally the motor periaqueductal gray belongs to the behavior control column of the cerebrospinal trunk ( Swanson-2004 ). For other components of the motor periaqueductal gray click below: Models Where It Appears > Functional CNS Model - Rat.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"periaqueductal gray, medial division","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"medial division of the periaqueductal gray","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"motor periaqueductal gray","parentNeuroNamesId":"3411","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3411","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3417","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"rostromedial division of the periaqueductal gray","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3417","cDefinition":"refers to the largest of three divisions of the rostral third of the periaqueductal gray as segmented in the functionally defined motor periaqueductal gray. It is a wide band of cells bounded by the other divisions: medially by the medial division of the periaqueductal gray and laterally, through a portion of its extent, by the rostrolateral division of the periaqueductal gray. Functionally the motor periaqueductal gray belongs to the behavior control column of the cerebrospinal trunk ( Swanson-2004 ). For other components of the motor periaqueductal gray click below: Models Where It Appears > Functional CNS Model - Rat.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"rostromedial division of the periaqueductal gray","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"periaqueductal gray, rostromedial division","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"motor periaqueductal gray","parentNeuroNamesId":"3411","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3411","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3418","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"rostrolateral division of the periaqueductal gray","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3418","cDefinition":"refers to one of three divisions of the rostral third of the periaqueductal gray as segmented in the functionally defined motor periaqueductal gray. It is a narrow band of cells bounded medially by the rostromedial division of the periaqueductal gray and laterally by the nucleus of the posterior commissure and the midbrain reticular nucleus. The third component of the rostral third of the motor periaqueductal gray is the rostral third of the medial division of the periaqueductal gray. Functionally the motor periaqueductal gray belongs to the behavior control column of the cerebrospinal trunk ( Swanson-2004 ). For other components of the motor periaqueductal gray click below: Models Where It Appears > Functional CNS Model - Rat.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"rostrolateral division of the periaqueductal gray","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"periaqueductal gray, rostrolateral division","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"motor periaqueductal gray","parentNeuroNamesId":"3411","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3411","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3421","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateroventral periaqueductal gray","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3421","cDefinition":"refers to one of eleven components of the motor periaqueductal gray. It represents the combination of the lateral periaqueductal gray and the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray in the classical segmentation of periaqueductal gray ( Carrive-2012 ). \r\nFor other components of the motor periaqueductal gray click below: Models Where It Appears > Functional CNS Model - Rat. The motor periaqueductal gray belongs to the behavior control column of the cerebrospinal trunk ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"periaqueductal gray, ventrolateral division","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"PAGvl","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"lateroventral periaqueductal gray","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral subnucleus of the midbrain central gray","synonymSource":"Beitz-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Central Gray","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Griseum centrale mesencephali, subnucleus lateralis","synonymSource":"Olszewski-1954","synonymSourceTitle":"Cytoarchitecture Of The Human Brainstem","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"motor periaqueductal gray","parentNeuroNamesId":"3411","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3411","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3424","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterior part of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3424","cDefinition":"refers to one of three parts of the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus in the rat as subdivided on the basis of multiple criteria. The others are the posterior part of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus and the ventral part of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus. Functionally the dorsomedial nucleus is part of the hypothalamic periventricular region of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"anterior part of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus, anterior part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"397","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=397","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3425","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterior part of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3425","cDefinition":"refers to one of three parts of the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus in the rat as subdivided on the basis of multiple criteria. The others are the anterior part of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus and the ventral part of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus. Functionally the dorsomedial nucleus is part of the hypothalamic periventricular region of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"posterior part of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus, posterior part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"397","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=397","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3426","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"juxtaparaventricular region","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3426","cDefinition":"refers to one of twenty six regions, zones, and nuclei that constitute the motor lateral hypothalamus in the rat. Defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and connections, it is a group of small, moderately packed neurons located lateral to the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Functionally it belongs to the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"lateral hypothalamic area, motor related, juxtaparaventricular region","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"juxtaparaventricular region of the lateral hypothalamus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"juxtaparaventricular region","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"motor lateral hypothalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"2912","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2912","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3427","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"juxtadorsomedial region","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3427","cDefinition":"refers to one of twenty six regions, zones, and nuclei that constitute the motor lateral hypothalamus in the rat. Defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and connections, it is a group of small to medium sized, densely packed neurons located lateral to the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus. Functionally it belongs to the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"juxtadorsomedial region of the lateral hypothalamus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"lateral hypothalamic area, motor related, juxtadorsomedial region","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"juxtadorsomedial region","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"motor lateral hypothalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"2912","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2912","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3428","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"juxtaventromedial region","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3428","cDefinition":"refers to one of twenty six regions, zones, and nuclei that constitute the motor lateral hypothalamus in the rat. Defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and connections, it is a group of loosely packed neurons located lateral to the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus. Functionally it belongs to the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"juxtaventromedial region of the lateral hypothalamus","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"lateral hypothalamic area, motor related, juxtaventromedial region","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"juxtaventromedial region","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"motor lateral hypothalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"2912","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2912","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3429","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal zone of the juxtaventromedial region","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3429","cDefinition":"refers to one of two zones of the juxtaventromedial region in the rat. The other is the ventral zone of the juxtaventromedial region. Defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and connections, it is a group of loosely packed neurons that receive input from the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala. They are located lateral to the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus. Functionally the cell groups belong to the motor lateral hypothalamus of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"dorsal zone of the juxtaventromedial region","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"juxtaventromedial region, dorsal zone","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"juxtaventromedial region","parentNeuroNamesId":"3428","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3428","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3430","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventral zone of the juxtaventromedial region","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3430","cDefinition":"refers to one of two zones of the juxtaventromedial region in the rat. The other is the dorsal zone of the juxtaventromedial region. Defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and connections, it is a group of neurons that differ from those of the dorsal zone in that they are even less densely packed and they receive no input from the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala. They are located lateral to the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus. Functionally the cell groups belong to the motor lateral hypothalamus of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"ventral zone of the juxtaventromedial region","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"juxtaventromedial region, ventral zone","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"juxtaventromedial region","parentNeuroNamesId":"3428","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3428","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3431","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterior region of the motor lateral hypothalamus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3431","cDefinition":"refers to one of twenty six regions, zones, and nuclei that constitute the motor lateral hypothalamus in the rat. Defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and connections. It is composed of three zones: the dorsal zone of the anterior region, the intermediate zone of the anterior region, and the ventral zone of the anterior region. Functionally it belongs to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"anterior region of the motor lateral hypothalamus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"lateral hypothalamic area, motor related, anterior region","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"motor lateral hypothalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"2912","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2912","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3432","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal zone of the anterior region","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3432","cDefinition":"refers to one of three zones of the anterior region of the motor lateral hypothalamus in the rat. They are defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and connections.The other parts are the intermediate zone of the anterior region and the ventral zone of the anterior region. Functionally, the motor lateral hypothalamus belongs to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"dorsal zone of the anterior region","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"lateral hypothalamic area, motor related, anterior region, dorsal zone","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"anterior region of the motor lateral hypothalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"3431","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3431","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3433","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"intermediate zone of the anterior region","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3433","cDefinition":"refers to one of three zones of the anterior region of the motor lateral hypothalamus in the rat. They are defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and connections.The other parts are the dorsal zone of the anterior region and the ventral zone of the anterior region. Functionally, the motor lateral hypothalamus belongs to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"lateral hypothalamic area, motor related, anterior region, intermediate zone","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"intermediate zone of the anterior region","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"anterior region of the motor lateral hypothalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"3431","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3431","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3434","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventral zone of the anterior region","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3434","cDefinition":"refers to one of three zones of the anterior region of the motor lateral hypothalamus in the rat. They are defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture and connections.The other parts are the intermediate zone of the anterior region and the dorsal zone of the anterior region. Functionally, the motor lateral hypothalamus belongs to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"lateral hypothalamic area, motor related, anterior region, ventral zone","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"ventral zone of the anterior region","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"anterior region of the motor lateral hypothalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"3431","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3431","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3435","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"subventromedial part of the tuberal nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3435","cDefinition":"refers to the most medial part of the tuberal nucleus defined by multiple criteria in the lateral hypothalamic area at the base of the intermediate hypothalamic region of the rat. The intermediate part of the tuberal nucleus lies lateral to it. Functionally the tuberal nucleus belongs to the lateral motor zone of the subcortical motor nuclei ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"subventromedial part of the tuberal nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"tuberal nucleus, subventromedial part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"tuberal nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"1890","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1890","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3436","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"intermediate part of the tuberal nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3436","cDefinition":"refers to the part of the tuberal nucleus located between the subventromedial part of the tuberal nucleus and the tereta hypothalamic nucleus components of the tuberal nucleus in the rat. Defined by multiple criteria, the four components line the lateral hypothalamic area at the base of the intermediate hypothalamic region. Functionally the tuberal nucleus belongs to the lateral motor zone of the subcortical motor nuclei ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"intermediate part of the tuberal nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"tuberal nucleus, intermediate part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"tuberal nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"1890","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1890","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3437","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral tuberal nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3437","cDefinition":"refers to a group of small cells located ventrolaterally in the lateral hypothalamic area at the level of the intermediate hypothalamic region in the human ( Saper-2012 ), macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), and rat ( Swanson-2004 ). In the rat it is found lateral to the terete hypothalamic nucleus. Some authors do not regard the lateral tuberal nucleus of the rat equivalent to that of the human ( Saper-2012 ).\r\nFunctionally the lateral tuberal nucleus is considered one of four parts of the tuberal nucleus, which belongs to the lateral motor zone of the hypothalamus as part of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"lateral part of the tuberal nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"tuberal nucleus, lateral part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral tuberal nucleus","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"34"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus tuberis lateralis","synonymSource":"Macchi-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Toward an agreement on terminology of nuclear and subnuclear divisions of the motor thalamus","pubMedHits":"7"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus tuberis","synonymSource":"Anthoney-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomy And The Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar Sounding Non-Synonyms And Terms Of Variable Meaning","pubMedHits":"22"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"Nucleus tuberis hypothalami","synonymSource":"Olszewski-1952","synonymSourceTitle":"The Thalamus Of The Macaca mulatta: An Atlas For Use With The Stereotaxic Instrument","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"tuberal nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"1890","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1890","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3438","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"suprafornical region","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3438","cDefinition":"refers to one of twenty six regions, zones, and nuclei that constitute the motor lateral hypothalamus. Located in the lateral hypothalamic area of the rat, it is bounded ventrally by the fornix, dorsally by the zona incerta, medially by the juxtadorsomedial region and laterally by the dorsal region of the lateral hypothalamic area. Functionally it belongs to the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"suprafornical region","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"2"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"motor lateral hypothalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"2912","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2912","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3439","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"subfornical region","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3439","cDefinition":"refers to one of twenty six regions, zones, and nuclei that constitute the motor lateral hypothalamus. It is located ventral to the fornix in the lateral hypothalamic area at the level of the intermediate hypothalamic region of the rat. It is composed of three parts: the anterior zone of the subfornical region, the posterior zone of the subfornical region and the premammillary zone of the subfornical region. Functionally it belongs to the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"subfornical region","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"3"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"motor lateral hypothalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"2912","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2912","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3440","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterior zone of the subfornical region","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3440","cDefinition":"refers to one of three zones of the subfornical region in the lateral hypothalamic area of the rat. The others are the posterior zone of the subfornical region and the premammillary zone of the subfornical region. Functionally all belong to the motor lateral hypothalamus of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"subfornical region, anterior zone","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"rat","synonymName":"subfornical region, anterior zone","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"subfornical region","parentNeuroNamesId":"3439","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3439","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3441","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterior zone of the subfornical region","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3441","cDefinition":"refers to one of three zones of the subfornical region in the lateral hypothalamic area of the rat. The others are the anterior zone of the subfornical region and the premammillary zone of the subfornical region. Functionally all belong to the motor lateral hypothalamus of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"subfornical region, posterior zone","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"posterior zone of the subfornical region","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"subfornical region","parentNeuroNamesId":"3439","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3439","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3442","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"premammillary zone of the subfornical region","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3442","cDefinition":"refers to one of three zones of the subfornical region in the lateral hypothalamic area of the rat. The others are the posterior zone of the subfornical region and the anterior zone of the subfornical region. Functionally all belong to the motor lateral hypothalamus of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"subfornical region, premammillary zone","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"premammillary zone of the subfornical region","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"subfornical region","parentNeuroNamesId":"3439","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3439","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3443","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventral region of the lateral hypothalamus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3443","cDefinition":"refers to one of twenty six regions, zones, and nuclei that constitute the motor lateral hypothalamus. It is located laterally and ventrally in the lateral hypothalamic area at the level of the intermediate hypothalamic region of the rat. It differs from the dorsal region of the lateral hypothalamic area in that its cells are much more densely packed. It is composed of two parts: the medial zone of the ventral lateral hypothalamus and the lateral zone of the ventral lateral hypothalamus. Functionally it belongs to the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"ventral region of the lateral hypothalamus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"lateral hypothalamic area, motor related, ventral region","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"motor lateral hypothalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"2912","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2912","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3444","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial zone of the ventral lateral hypothalamus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3444","cDefinition":"refers to one of two zones of the ventral region of the lateral hypothalamus in the lateral hypothalamic area of the rat. It differs from the other, the lateral zone of the ventral lateral hypothalamus, in that its cells are less densely distributed.Functionally both belong to the motor lateral hypothalamus of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"medial zone of the ventral lateral hypothalamus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"ventral region, medial zone","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"ventral region of the lateral hypothalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"3443","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3443","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3445","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral zone of the ventral lateral hypothalamus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3445","cDefinition":"refers to one of two zones of the ventral region of the lateral hypothalamus in the lateral hypothalamic area of the rat. It differs from the other, the medial zone of the ventral lateral hypothalamus, in that its cells are more densely distributed. Functionally both belong to the motor lateral hypothalamus of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 )","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"lateral zone of the ventral lateral hypothalamus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"ventral region, lateral zone","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"ventral region of the lateral hypothalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"3443","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3443","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3446","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterior region of the lateral hypothalamus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3446","cDefinition":"refers to one of twenty six regions, zones, and nuclei that constitute the motor lateral hypothalamus. It is located laterally and ventrally in the lateral hypothalamic area at the level of the posterior hypothalamic region of the rat. Functionally it belongs to the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 )","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"posterior region of the lateral hypothalamus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"lateral hypothalamic area, motor related, posterior region","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"motor lateral hypothalamus","parentNeuroNamesId":"2912","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2912","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3447","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial zone of the pregeniculate nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3447","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the pregeniculate nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). It is distinguished from the other part, the lateral zone of the pregeniculate nucleus, in that it is composed of smaller cells ( Franklin-2008 ). In that regard, it is equivalent to the rostral part of the pregeniculate nucleus in the macaque ( Olszewski-1952 ). Functionally the pregeniculate nucleus belongs to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"medial zone of the pregeniculate nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"ventral part of the lateral geniculate complex, medial zone","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"pregeniculate nucleus, parvicellular part","synonymSource":"Franklin-2008","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"pregeniculate nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"354","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=354","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3448","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral zone of the pregeniculate nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3448","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the pregeniculate nucleus in the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). It is distinguished from the other part, the medial zone of the pregeniculate nucleus, in that it is composed of larger cells ( Franklin-2008 ). In that regard, it is equivalent to the caudal part of the pregeniculate nucleus in the macaque ( Olszewski-1952 ). Functionally the pregeniculate nucleus belongs to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"lateral zone of the pregeniculate nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"ventral part of the lateral geniculate complex, lateral zone","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"pregeniculate nucleus, macrocellular part","synonymSource":"Franklin-2008","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"pregeniculate nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"354","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=354","brainStructureType":"Gray Primary Structure","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3449","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"rostral part of the pregeniculate nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3449","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the pregeniculate nucleus in the macaque ( Olszewski-1952 ). It is distinguished from the other, the caudal part of the pregeniculate nucleus, in that it is composed of smaller cells. In that regard, it is equivalent to the medial zone of the pregeniculate nucleus in the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). Functionally the pregeniculate nucleus belongs to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"rostral part of the pregeniculate nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"Nucleus geniculatus lateralis ventralis, pars oralis","synonymSource":"Olszewski-1952","synonymSourceTitle":"The Thalamus Of The Macaca mulatta: An Atlas For Use With The Stereotaxic Instrument","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3450","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"caudal part of the pregeniculate nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3450","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the pregeniculate nucleus in the macaque ( Olszewski-1952 ). It is distinguished from the other, the caudal part of the pregeniculate nucleus, in that it is composed of larger cells. In that regard, it is equivalent to the lateral zone of the pregeniculate nucleus in the rodent ( Franklin-2008 ). Functionally the pregeniculate nucleus belongs to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"caudal part of the pregeniculate nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"Nucleus geniculatus lateralis ventralis, pars caudalis","synonymSource":"Olszewski-1952","synonymSourceTitle":"The Thalamus Of The Macaca mulatta: An Atlas For Use With The Stereotaxic Instrument","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3451","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"deep part of the parapyramidal nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3451","cDefinition":"refers to one of two components of the parapyramidal nucleus in the ventral medullary reticular formation of the rat. It is closely adjacent to the inner surface of the pyramidal tract. The other component is the superficial part of the parapyramidal nucleus. Functionally the parapyramidal nucleus belongs to the reticular formation (functional) of the the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"deep part of the parapyramidal nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"parapyramidal nucleus, deep part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"parapyramidal nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"1771","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1771","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3452","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"superficial part of the parapyramidal nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3452","cDefinition":"refers to one of two components of the parapyramidal nucleus in the ventral medullary reticular formation of the rat. It is located on the ventral surface of the medulla lateral to the pyramidal tract. The other component is the deep part of the parapyramidal nucleus. Functionally the parapyramidal nucleus belongs to the reticular formation (functional) of the the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"superficial part of the parapyramidal nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"parapyramidal nucleus, superficial part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"parapyramidal nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"1771","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1771","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3453","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"alpha part of the gigantocellular reticular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3453","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the magnocellular reticular nucleus, the most ventral portion of the gigantocellular nucleus in the medulla of the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), rat ( Paxinos-2009b ), and mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). The other is the ventral part of the gigantocellular reticular nucleus. Functionally the magnocellular reticular nucleus belongs to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"alpha part of the gigantocellular reticular nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"gigantocellular reticular nucleus, alpha part","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009b","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3454","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventral part of the gigantocellular reticular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3454","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the magnocellular reticular nucleus, the most ventral portion of the gigantocellular nucleus in the medulla of the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), rat ( Paxinos-2009b ), and mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). The other is the alpha part of the gigantocellular reticular nucleus. Functionally the magnocellular reticular nucleus belongs to the reticular formation (functional) of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"ventral part of the gigantocellular reticular nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"gigantocellular reticular nucleus, ventral part","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009b","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3455","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterior magnocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3455","cDefinition":"refers to one of three parts of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus as identified by multiple criteria in the rat. The others are the medial magnocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus and the posterior magnocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus. Functionally they belong to the magnocellular neuroendocrine cell groups of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"anterior magnocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, magnocellular division, anterior magnocellular part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"magnocellular division of the paraventricular nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"3230","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3230","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3456","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial magnocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3456","cDefinition":"refers to one of three parts of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus as identified by multiple criteria in the rat. The others are the anterior magnocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus and the posterior magnocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus. Functionally they belong to the magnocellular neuroendocrine cell groups of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"medial magnocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, magnocellular division, medial magnocellular part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"magnocellular division of the paraventricular nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"3230","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3230","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3457","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterior magnocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3457","cDefinition":"refers to one of three parts of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus as identified by multiple criteria in the rat. It has two subdivisions: the medial zone of the posterior magnocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus and the lateral zone of the posterior magnocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus.The other parts are the anterior magnocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus and the medial magnocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus. Functionally they belong to the magnocellular neuroendocrine cell groups of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"posterior magnocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, magnocellular division, posterior magnocellular part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"magnocellular division of the paraventricular nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"3230","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3230","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3458","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial zone of the posterior magnocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3458","cDefinition":"refers to one of two components of the posterior magnocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus in the hypothalamus as identified by multiple criteria in the rat. The other is the lateral zone of the posterior magnocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus. Functionally they belong to the magnocellular neuroendocrine cell groups of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"medial zone of the posterior magnocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, posterior magnocellular part, medial zone","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"posterior magnocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"3457","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3457","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3459","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral zone of the posterior magnocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3459","cDefinition":"refers to one of two components of the posterior magnocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus in the hypothalamus as identified by multiple criteria in the rat. The other is the medial zone of the posterior magnocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus. Functionally they belong to the magnocellular neuroendocrine cell groups of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"lateral zone of the posterior magnocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, posterior magnocellular part, lateral zone","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"posterior magnocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"3457","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3457","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3460","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterior parvicellular part of the paraventricular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3460","cDefinition":"refers to one of three parts of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus as identified by multiple criteria in the rat. The others are the medial parvicellular part of the paraventricular nucleus and the periventricular parvicellular part of the paraventricular nucleus. Functionally they belong to the parvicellular neuroendocrine cell groups of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"anterior parvicellular part of the paraventricular nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, parvicellular division, anterior parvicellular part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"parvicellular division of the paraventricular nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"3231","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3231","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3461","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"medial parvicellular part of the paraventricular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3461","cDefinition":"refers to one of three parts of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus as identified by multiple criteria in the rat. The others are the anterior parvicellular part of the paraventricular nucleus and the periventricular parvicellular part of the paraventricular nucleus. Functionally they belong to the parvicellular neuroendocrine cell groups of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"medial parvicellular part of the paraventricular nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, parvicellular division, medial parvicellular part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"parvicellular division of the paraventricular nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"3231","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3231","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3462","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"periventricular parvicellular part of the paraventricular nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3462","cDefinition":"refers to one of three parts of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus as identified by multiple criteria in the rat. The others are the anterior parvicellular part of the paraventricular nucleus and the medial parvicellular part of the paraventricular nucleus. Functionally they belong to the parvicellular neuroendocrine cell groups of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"periventricular parvicellular part of the paraventricular nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, parvicellular division, periventricular parvicellular part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"parvicellular division of the paraventricular nucleus","parentNeuroNamesId":"3231","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3231","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3463","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterior gray column not otherwise specified","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3463","cDefinition":"refers to the portion of the anterior gray column of the rat not occupied by the nucleus of the bulbocavernosus, Onuf's nucleus, and phrenic nucleus ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"anterior gray column not otherwise specified","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"ventral horn of the spinal cord","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"anterior gray column","parentNeuroNamesId":"1751","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1751","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3464","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"intercalated nucleus of the spinal cord","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3464","cDefinition":"refers to a column of cells in lamina VII of the spinal central gray defined on the basis of function as belonging to the sympathetic preganglionic pools of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"intercalated nucleus of the spinal cord","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"intercalated nucleus, spinal cord","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"intercalated nucleus","synonymSource":"Sengul-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Spinal Cord: Regional Anatomy, Cytoarchitecture and Chemoarchitecture","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"sympathetic preganglionic pools","parentNeuroNamesId":"2935","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2935","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3465","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"thoracolumbar autonomic nuclei","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3465","cDefinition":"refers to a column of neurons in the spinal central gray located along the lateral gray column in the first thoracic (T1) through the third lumbar (L3) segments of the spinal cord ( Carpenter-1983 ). Functionally they belong to the sympathetic preganglionic pools of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"thoracolumbar autonomic nuclei","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"intermediolateral spinal column, thoracolumbar division","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"thoracolumbar system","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"sympathetic preganglionic pools","parentNeuroNamesId":"2935","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2935","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3466","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"frontal cortex (rodent)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3466","cDefinition":"refers to the portion of cerebral cortex in the rat ( Swanson-2004; Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ) that corresponds to the frontal cortex of the primate. It consists of the frontal association area, the motor cortex, the orbital areas (rodent), the prelimbic area, and the infralimbic area. Some authors define part of the infralimbic area as a separate dorsal peduncular area ( Paxinos-2009b ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rodent","synonymName":"frontal cortex (rodent)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"frontal cortex","synonymSource":"NeuroMorpho","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroMorpho.Org","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3467","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"temporal cortex (rodent)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3467","cDefinition":"refers to the portion of cerebral cortex in the rat ( Swanson-2004; Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ) that corresponds to the temporal lobe of the primate. It consists of the piriform area, the amygdala, the hippocampal formation, the perirhinal area, the ectorhinal area, the entorhinal area, the auditory cortex, the temporal association areas, the parasubiculum, and the postsubiculum. Some authors define areas of transition between the primary areas, for example, the piriform amygdalar area ( Franklin-2008 ) and the postpiriform transition area ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rodent","synonymName":"temporal cortex (rodent)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"temporal lobe","synonymSource":"NeuroMorpho","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroMorpho.Org","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3472","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area orbitoinsularis","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3472","cDefinition":"refers to the transition from the anterior insula to the orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus and the posterior orbital gyrus in the human ( HumanBrainInfo ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area orbitoinsularis","synonymSource":"HumanBrainInfo","synonymSourceTitle":"The HumanBrain.Info","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area orbitoinsularis","synonymSource":"HumanBrainInfo","synonymSourceTitle":"The HumanBrain.Info","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3473","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"superior optic radiation","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3473","cDefinition":"refers to the more dorsal of two portions of the optic radiation; the other is the inferior optic radiation. The superior portion projects almost directly from the lateral geniculate nucleus to the superior bank of the calcarine sulcus, the lower border of the precuneus. Found in the human and the macaque, it conveys information from the superior part of the retina, which 'sees' the lower part of the visual field ( Crosby-1962; Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"superior optic radiation","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"upper optic radiation","synonymSource":"Wikipedia","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"Baum's loop","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3474","cNIDType":"h","cTypeId":"9","cType":"classical nervous system","brainStructureType":"Superficial Structure","standardName":"precentral sulcus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3474","cDefinition":"refers to a composite superficial feature of the frontal lobe identified by dissection in the human. It is a discontinuous sulcus that consists of 2 to 4 segments located rostral and parallel to the central sulcus. The most common segments are the superior precentral sulcus and the inferior precentral sulcus. They separate the precentral gyrus from the superior frontal gyrus and the inferior frontal gyrus respectively, and they occur in most brains. Less common segments are the intermediate precentral sulcus, which appears in up to 20% of brains and separates the precentral gyrus from the middle frontal gyrus, and the marginal precentral sulcus located between the upper end of the superior segment and the longitudinal fissure ( Ono-1990 ).\r\nThe macaque has a superior precentral sulcus and an anterior subcentral sulcus. Both are short horizontal grooves embedded in the precentral gyrus ( Martin-2000 ). Neither is clearly homologous to a segment of the precentral sulcus of the human. (See arcuate sulcus of the macaque.) \r\nEquivalent features are not found in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"precentral sulcus","synonymSource":"Ono-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Sulcus precentralis","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sillon prérolandique","synonymSource":"Ono-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3475","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"superior precentral dimple","standardAcronym":"sprd","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3475","cDefinition":"refers to a superficial feature of the frontal lobe in the macaque. It is a short horizontal depression located just anterior to the central sulcus near its dorsal margin ( Bonin-1947 ). Though sometimes referred to as the superior precentral sulcus ( Szabo-1984 ), it is probably not homologous to the superior precentral sulcus of the human. (See arcuate sulcus of the macaque.) \r\nAn equivalent feature is not seen in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"superior precentral dimple","synonymSource":"Bonin-1947","synonymSourceTitle":"The Neocortex of Macaca Mulatta","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"superior precentral dimple","synonymSource":"Bonin-1947","synonymSourceTitle":"The Neocortex of Macaca Mulatta","pubMedHits":"5"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"precentral dimple","synonymSource":"Krieg-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"Interpretive Atlas Of The Monkey's Brain","pubMedHits":"6"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"superior precentral sulcus","synonymSource":"Szabo-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"A stereotaxic atlas of the brain of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)","pubMedHits":"11"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"Sulcus precentralis superior","synonymSource":"Sugar-1950","synonymSourceTitle":"Corticocortical connections of the cortex buried in the intraparietal and principal sulci of the monkey (Macaca mulatta)","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3476","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"inferior postcentral dimple","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3476","cDefinition":"refers to a depression in the postcentral gyrus of the macaque ( NeuroNames ). While some authors refer to it as the posterior subcentral sulcus ( Martin-2000 ), it differs from that sulcus in the human by lack of connection to the lateral fissure. The structure in the macaque is in closer proximity to the central sulcus than to the lateral fissure.\r\nEquivalent features are not seen in the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat or mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"inferior postcentral dimple","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca fascicularis","synonymName":"posterior subcentral sulcus","synonymSource":"Martin-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Primate Brain Maps: Structure Of The Macaque Brain","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3477","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lunate sulcus of the human","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3477","cDefinition":"refers to a minor vertical groove near the occipital pole of the occipital lobe in the human. It is Identified by dissection ( Duvernoy-1992 ), In many cases it is intersected by the the lateral occipital sulcus, of which some authors consider it a part ( Van Essen Lab-2002 ). It is not topologically equivalent to the lunate sulcus of the macaque ( Martin-2000 ). Equivalent structures are not found in the macaque or the smooth cerebral cortex of the rat and mouse ( NeuroNames ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lunate sulcus of the human","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lunate sulcus","synonymSource":"Ono-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Sulcus lunatus","synonymSource":"Nieuwenhuys-1987","synonymSourceTitle":"Illustrations of the gross anatomy of the brain","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"French","organism":"human","synonymName":"sulcus lunatus","synonymSource":"Duvernoy-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Le cerveau humain: Surface, coupes seriees tridimensionnelles et IRM\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"solco lunato","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"полулунная борозда","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3478","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 47","standardAcronym":"47","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3478","cDefinition":"refers to the lateral portion of the orbital gyri segmented on the basis of multiple stains for internal structure in the human ( Ongur-2003 ). Composed of granular cortex, it is located between the agranular orbitofrontal cortex posteriorly, area 11 anteriorly, and area 13 medially. It extends across the ventral margin onto the lateral surface of the frontal lobe, where it is bounded superiorly by area 45 caudally and area 10 rostrally. It is one of five subdivisions of the orbital prefrontal cortex; the others, in addition to the three mentioned, are area 14 and the orbital portion of area 10p. It is subdivided into four areas: area 47r, area 47m, area 47l, and area 47s. The equivalent area in the macaque is often referred to as area 12 ( Ongur-2003 ) or area 47/12 ( Petrides-2012 ). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Wallis-2012; Ongur-2003 ).\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral orbital cortex","synonymSource":"Ongur-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the human orbital and medial prefrontal cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 12","synonymSource":"Wallis-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cross-species studies of orbitofrontal cortex and value-based decision-making","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 47","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 47/12","synonymSource":"Petrides-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"The Frontal Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 12 of Carmichael","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"lateral orbital cortex","synonymSource":"Ongur-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the human orbital and medial prefrontal cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Macaca arctoides","synonymName":"area 12 (macaque)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area old 12","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009a","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain, Second Edition","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 47","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009a","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain, Second Edition","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Mixed","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 47/12","synonymSource":"Ongur-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the human orbital and medial prefrontal cortex","pubMedHits":"8"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"orbital prefrontal cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3512","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3512","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial prefrontal cortex hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"orbital prefrontal cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3512","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3512","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3479","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 47/12m","standardAcronym":"47/12m","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3479","cDefinition":"refers to one of four subdivisions of area 47 in the orbital gyri of the human cerebral cortex. Composed of granular cortex, it is defined on the basis of multiple stains for internal structure. Located in the medial part of the ventral surface of the lateral orbital gyrus, it is bounded laterally by area 47/12l, medially by area 13l, caudally by area 47/12s, and rostrally by area 47/12r and area 11l. For the relations of this segmentation and terminology to others, see Ongur-2003. \r\nThe equivalent area in the macaque is area 12m (macaque). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Wallis-2012 ).\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 47/12m","synonymSource":"Ongur-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the human orbital and medial prefrontal cortex","pubMedHits":"2"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 47","parentNeuroNamesId":"3478","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3478","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial prefrontal cortex hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"area 47","parentNeuroNamesId":"3478","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3478","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3480","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 47/12l","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3480","cDefinition":"refers to one of four subdivisions of area 47 in the orbital gyri of the human cerebral cortex. Composed of granular cortex, it is defined on the basis of multiple stains for internal structure. It is located at the lateral margin of the lateral orbital gyrus. It is bounded medially by area 47/12m, rostrally by area 47/12r, and caudally by the agranular orbitofrontal cortex. The fourth subdivision is area 47/12s. For the relations of this segmentation and terminology to others, see Ongur-2003. \r\nThe equivalent area in the macaque is area 12l (macaque). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Wallis-2012 ).\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 47/12l","synonymSource":"Ongur-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the human orbital and medial prefrontal cortex","pubMedHits":"1"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 47","parentNeuroNamesId":"3478","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3478","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial prefrontal cortex hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"area 47","parentNeuroNamesId":"3478","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3478","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3481","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 47/12s","standardAcronym":"47/12s","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3481","cDefinition":"refers to one of four subdivisions of area 47 in the orbital gyri of the human cerebral cortex. Composed of granular cortex, it is defined on the basis of multiple stains for internal structure. It is located adjacent to the agranular orbitofrontal cortex in the posterior part of the lateral orbital gyrus and in the dorsal bank of the anterior horizontal limb of the lateral fissure. It is bounded medially by area 47/12m. The other subdivisions are area 47/12l and area 47/12r. For the relations of this segmentation and terminology to others, see Ongur-2003.\r\n It may be equivalent to area 47s in the human ( Glasser-2016 ). The equivalent area in the macaque is area 12o (macaque) ( Ongur-2003 ). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Wallis-2012 ).\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 47/12s","synonymSource":"Ongur-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the human orbital and medial prefrontal cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 47","parentNeuroNamesId":"3478","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3478","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial prefrontal cortex hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"area 47","parentNeuroNamesId":"3478","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3478","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3482","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 47/12r","standardAcronym":"47/12r","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3482","cDefinition":"refers to one of four subdivisions of area 47 in the orbital gyri of the human cerebral cortex. Composed of granular cortex, it is defined on the basis of multiple stains for internal structure. it is located at the lateral margin of the orbital gyri, rostral to area 47/12l, and lateral to area 11l. It is bounded medially by area 47/12m. The other subdivision of area 47/12 is area 47s. For the relations of this segmentation and terminology to others, see Ongur-2003. \r\nIts equivalent in the macaque is area 12r (macaque) ( Ongur-2003 ). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Wallis-2012 ).\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 47/12r","synonymSource":"Ongur-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the human orbital and medial prefrontal cortex","pubMedHits":"1"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 47","parentNeuroNamesId":"3478","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3478","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial prefrontal cortex hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"area 47","parentNeuroNamesId":"3478","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3478","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3483","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 13","standardAcronym":"13","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3483","cDefinition":"refers to an area in the posteromedial part of the orbital gyri identified on the basis of multiple stains in the human. It is located between the agranular orbitofrontal cortex posteriorly, area 11 anteriorly, area 14 medially and area 47/12m laterally. It is one of nine subdivisions of the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex in the human; the others besides those mentioned are area 24, area 25, area 32ac, and area 32pl. Area 13 is subdivided into four areas: area 13a, area 13b, area 13l, and area 13m. For the relations of this segmentation and terminology to others, see Ongur-2003.\r\nThe equivalent area in the macaque is area 13 (macaque). The rat has no equivalent to the rostral portion, which is composed of granular cortex. It may have an equivalent to the caudal portion, which is agranular cortex ( Wallis-2012 ). See orbital areas (rodent).\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 13","synonymSource":"Ongur-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the human orbital and medial prefrontal cortex","pubMedHits":"183"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"orbital prefrontal cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3512","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3512","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial prefrontal cortex hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"orbital prefrontal cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3512","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3512","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3484","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 13a","standardAcronym":"13a","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3484","cDefinition":"refers to one of four subdivisions of area 13 in the orbital gyri of the human cerebral cortex. Defined on the basis of multiple stains, it is a small area of agranular cortex located just rostral to the junction of the olfactory tract with the cerebral cortex. It is bounded medially by another small agranular area 14c, laterally by area 13m, and rostrally by area 13b. The other subdivision is area 13l. For the relations of this segmentation and terminology to others, see Ongur-2003.\r\nIts equivalent in the macaque is area 13a (macaque). Unlike most prefrontal cortex, which is uniquely primate and granular, it may have an equivalent in the agranular cortex of the rat ( Wallis-2012 ). See orbital areas (rodent).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 13a","synonymSource":"Ongur-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the human orbital and medial prefrontal cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 13","parentNeuroNamesId":"3483","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3483","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial prefrontal cortex hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"area 13","parentNeuroNamesId":"3483","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3483","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3485","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 13b","standardAcronym":"13b","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3485","cDefinition":"refers to one of four subdivisions of area 13 in the orbital gyri of the human cerebral cortex. Defined on the basis of multiple stains, it is a narrow granular area located rostral to area 13a. It is bounded medially by area 14r, laterally by area 13m, and rostrally by area 11m. The fourth subdivision is area 13l. For the relations of this segmentation and terminology to others, see Ongur-2003. \r\nIts equivalent in the macaque is area 13b (macaque). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Wallis-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 13b","synonymSource":"Ongur-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the human orbital and medial prefrontal cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 13","parentNeuroNamesId":"3483","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3483","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial prefrontal cortex hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"area 13","parentNeuroNamesId":"3483","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3483","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3486","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 13m","standardAcronym":"13m","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3486","cDefinition":"refers to one of four subdivisions of area 13 in the orbital gyri of the human cerebral cortex. Defined on the basis of multiple stains, it is a narrow, largely granular area located rostral to the junction of the olfactory tract with the cerebral cortex. It is bounded medially by area 13b rostrally and area 13a at the caudal end. It is bounded laterally by area 13l and rostrally by area 11m. For the relations of this segmentation and terminology to others, see Ongur-2003. \r\nIts equivalent in the macaque is area 13m (macaque). As primarily granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Wallis-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 13m","synonymSource":"Ongur-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the human orbital and medial prefrontal cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 13","parentNeuroNamesId":"3483","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3483","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial prefrontal cortex hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"area 13","parentNeuroNamesId":"3483","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3483","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3487","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 13l","standardAcronym":"13l","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3487","cDefinition":"refers to one of four subdivisions of area 13 in the orbital gyri of human and macaque cerebral cortex. Defined on the basis of multiple stains, it is a narrow, largely granular area located rostral to the agranular orbitofrontal cortex. It is bounded medially by area 13m, laterally by area 47m, and rostrally by area 11l. The other subdivisions are area 13a and area 13b. Its boundaries based on multiple fMRI, functional and connectivity criteria are somewhat different in that the medial boundary is with area OFC, the lateral boundary with area 47s caudally and area 47m rostrally. and the medial boundary with area 11l rostrally and area pOFC caudally. It is activated in THEORY OF MIND-RANDOM, LANGUAGE STORY-MATH, AND FACES-SHAPES contrast tasks and is deactivated in MOTOR CUE-AVG contrast tasks. Other authors have referred to a heavily overlapping area as Fo3 ( Glasser-2016 ).\r\nDefined by multiple stains in the macaque, identifying features are: 1) a dense horizontal bundle of myelinated fibers in the internal granular layer (IV); 2) bands of cells in the external pyramidal layer (III) and the internal pyramidal layer (V) stain darkly for neurofilament protein by SMI-32, and 3) dense bands of fibers and cells in the external pyramidal layer (III) and internal granular layer (IV) stain for parvalbumin. Another feature that distinguishes area 13l from some adjacent areas is the presence of large pyramidal cells deep in the external pyramidal layer (III) ( Carmichael-1994 ).. \r\nAs primarily granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Wallis-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 13l","synonymSource":"Ongur-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the human orbital and medial prefrontal cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 13l","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 13","parentNeuroNamesId":"3483","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3483","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial prefrontal cortex hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"area 13","parentNeuroNamesId":"3483","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3483","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3488","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 32ac - obsolete","standardAcronym":"","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3488","cDefinition":"","parents":[{"parentStandardName":"medial prefrontal cortex of Ongur","parentNeuroNamesId":"1352","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1352","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial prefrontal cortex hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3489","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 32pl - obsolete","standardAcronym":"","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3489","cDefinition":"","parents":[{"parentStandardName":"medial prefrontal cortex of Ongur","parentNeuroNamesId":"1352","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1352","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial prefrontal cortex hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3490","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 25","standardAcronym":"25","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3490","cDefinition":"refers to a part of anterior cingulate cortex identified architectonically by multiple stains in the human, macaque, rat and mouse ( Vogt-2013 ). In the human it is located in the subcallosal gyrus ventral to the genu of the corpus callosum. Defined by multiple criteria including fMRI, it is bounded rostrally by area 24a, area s32 and area 10v and caudally by the paraterminal gyrus and lamina terminalis ( Glasser-2016 ).\r\nIn the macaque it is located similarly ventral to the genu of the corpus callosum, but its relation to other cortical areas is somewhat different. Its only neighbor is area 24o, which lies rostrodorsal to it.\r\nIn the rat and mouse it is located rostral to the genu of the corpus callosum, where it is bounded dorsally by area 24a and area s32 (v32 in Vogt-2013 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 25","synonymSource":"Ongur-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the human orbital and medial prefrontal cortex","pubMedHits":"205"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area anterogenualis simplex","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"visceromotor cortex","synonymSource":"Vogt-2009","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Gyrus: Functional Correlations of the 4 Cingulate Regions","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"medial prefrontal cortex of Ongur","parentNeuroNamesId":"1352","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1352","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial prefrontal cortex hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"anterior cingulate cortex of Glasser obsolete","parentNeuroNamesId":"3536","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3536","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3491","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 14","standardAcronym":"14","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3491","cDefinition":"refers to an area occupying the part of the straight gyrus that forms the lower margin of the medial surface of the frontal lobe in the human. It is identified on the basis of multiple stains. On the medial surface of the lobe it is bounded dorsally by area 10m and caudally by area 32pl. On the ventral surface it is bounded laterally and caudally by area 13. On both surfaces it is bounded rostrally by area 11m. It is one of nine subdivisions of the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex in the human; the others besides those mentioned are area 24, area 25, and area 32ac. Area 14 is divided into two areas: area 14r and area 14c. For the relations of this segmentation and terminology to others, see Ongur-2003. \r\nThe equivalent area in the macaque is area 14 (macaque). The rat may have an equivalent to the caudal portion, area 14c, which is agranular cortex ( Wallis-2012 ). See orbital areas (rodent).\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 14","synonymSource":"Ongur-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the human orbital and medial prefrontal cortex","pubMedHits":"143"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"orbital prefrontal cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3512","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3512","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial prefrontal cortex hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"orbital prefrontal cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3512","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3512","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3492","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 14c","standardAcronym":"14c","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3492","cDefinition":"refers to one of two subdivisions of area 14 in the straight gyrus of the human frontal lobe. Defined on the basis of multiple stains, it is a narrow area located on the lower margin of the medial surface of the frontal lobe. On the medial surface it is bounded caudally by area 32pl and dorsally by area 10m. On the ventral surface it is bounded caudally by area 13a, and laterally by area 13b. On both surfaces it is bounded rostrally by the other subdivision, area 14r. For the relations of this segmentation and terminology to others, see Ongur-2003. \r\nIts equivalent in the macaque is area 14c (macaque). Unlike most prefrontal cortex, which is uniquely primate and granular, it may have an equivalent in the agranular cortex of the rat ( Wallis-2012 ). See orbital areas (rodent). \r\n\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 14c","synonymSource":"Ongur-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the human orbital and medial prefrontal cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 14","parentNeuroNamesId":"3491","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3491","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial prefrontal cortex hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"area 14","parentNeuroNamesId":"3491","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3491","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3493","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 14r","standardAcronym":"14r","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3493","cDefinition":"refers to one of two subdivisions of area 14 in the straight gyrus of the human frontal lobe. Defined on the basis of multiple stains, it is a narrow granular area located rostral to the other subdivision, area 14c, which is agranular. On the medial surface of the lobe it is bounded dorsally by area 10m. On the ventral surface it is bounded laterally by area 13b. On both surfaces it is bounded rostrally by area 11m. For the relations of this segmentation and terminology to others, see Ongur-2003. \r\nIts equivalent in the macaque is area 14r (macaque). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 14r","synonymSource":"Ongur-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the human orbital and medial prefrontal cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 14","parentNeuroNamesId":"3491","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3491","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial prefrontal cortex hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"area 14","parentNeuroNamesId":"3491","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3491","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3494","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 10","standardAcronym":"10","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3494","cDefinition":"refers to an area occupying the transverse frontopolar gyri, the most rostral portion of the orbital gyri and the rostral two thirds of the straight gyrus of the frontal lobe in the human. It is granular prefrontal cortex. Subdivided on the basis of multiple stains it has three subdivisions: area 10p, area 10r, and area 10m ( Ongur-2003 ). Subdivided on the basis of multiple other criteria it has six subdivisions: 1) area 10d and area 10pp corresponding to the medial part of area 10p, 2) area a10p and area p10p corresponding to the lateral part of area 10p; and 3) area 10v and area 10r of Glasser forming the equivalent of area 10m and area 10r ( Glasser-2016 ). . \r\nThe equivalent architectonic area in the macaque occupies banks of the rostral sulcus and rostral parts of the orbital gyri and the superior frontal gyrus at the frontal pole. In the macaque it has only two subdivisions: area 10o, which is topologically equivalent to the orbital part of area 10p in the human, and area 10m of Carmichael, which is equivalent to the rest of area 10p, area 10r and area 10m in the human.\r\nAs granular prefrontal cortex, area 10 has no equivalent in the rat ( Wallis-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 10","synonymSource":"Ongur-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the human orbital and medial prefrontal cortex","pubMedHits":"617"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 10","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"orbital prefrontal cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3512","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3512","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial prefrontal cortex hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"orbital prefrontal cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3512","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3512","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3495","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 10p","standardAcronym":"10p","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3495","cDefinition":"refers to one of three subdivisions of area 10, an area defined on the basis of multiple stains that occupies the transverse frontopolar gyri and most rostral portion of the orbital gyri at the frontal pole of the frontal lobe in the human. On the ventral surface of the lobe it is bounded, from medial to lateral, by area 11m, area 11l and area 47/12r. On the medial surface of the lobe it is bounded caudally by area 9 dorsally and by area 10r ventrally. The other subdivisions of area 10 in the human are area 10r and area 10m ( Ongur-2003 ).\r\nIts equivalent in the macaque is a combination of area 10o orbitally and the portion of area 10m at the frontal pole where the superior frontal gyrus and straight gyrus merge. \r\nThe rat has a tiny area at its frontal pole that is similar in that it is granular cortex with input from the medial dorsal nucleus of the thalamus ( Krettek-1977 ), but it is not regarded as equivalent to area 10p in the human ( Wallis-2012 ) or the architectonically equivalent area in the macaque ( Preuss-1995 ). \r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 10p","synonymSource":"Ongur-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the human orbital and medial prefrontal cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"polar portion","synonymSource":"Ongur-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the human orbital and medial prefrontal cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 10","parentNeuroNamesId":"3494","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3494","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial prefrontal cortex hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"area 10","parentNeuroNamesId":"3494","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3494","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3496","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 10r of Glasser","standardAcronym":"10r","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3496","cDefinition":"refers to the more dorsal and caudal of two parts of ventromedial prefrontal cortex in the human ( Bzdok-2011 ). It is a narrow strip located along the margin of the medial orbital gyrus. It is bounded rostroventrally by the other component, area 10v, dorsally by area 10d, dorsocaudally by area p32, and caudally by area s32. Defined in the human by multiple criteria, it is fMRI-activated in a LANGUAGE task. It is deactivated in WORKING MEMORY, THEORY OF MIND, and RELATIONAL tasks ( Glasser-2016 ). It is topologically somewhat different from area 10r as defined by architectonics ( Ongur-2003 ), \r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 10r of Glasser","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 10","parentNeuroNamesId":"3494","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3494","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial prefrontal cortex hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"area 10","parentNeuroNamesId":"3494","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3494","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3497","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 11","standardAcronym":"11","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3497","cDefinition":"refers to an area occupying the middle of the orbital gyri on the underside and ventromedial margin of the frontal lobe in the human. Identified on the basis of multiple stains it is bounded rostrally by area 10, laterally by area 47, medially by area 10, and caudally, from lateral to medial, by area 47, area 13, and area 14. It has two subdivisions: area 11m and area 11l. \r\nIt is one of ten subdivisions of the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex in the human; the others besides those mentioned are the agranular orbitofrontal cortex, area 24, area 25, area 32ac, and area 32pl. For more on the relations of this segmentation and terminology to others, see Ongur-2003. \r\nThe equivalent area in the macaque is area 11 (macaque). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Wallis-2012 ).\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 11","synonymSource":"Ongur-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the human orbital and medial prefrontal cortex","pubMedHits":"264"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"orbital prefrontal cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3512","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3512","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial prefrontal cortex hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"orbital prefrontal cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3512","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3512","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3498","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 11m","standardAcronym":"11m","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3498","cDefinition":"refers to the more medial of two components of area 11 in the human. Defined on the basis of multiple stains, it occupies the medial one-third of the center of the orbital gyri. It is bounded rostrally by area 10p; caudally, from lateral to medial, by area 13m, area 13b, and area 14r; laterally by the other component of area 11, area 11l; and medially by area 10r. For more on the relations of this segmentation and terminology to others, see Ongur-2003.\r\nIt is equivalent topologically and by internal structure to area 11m (macaque). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Wallis-2012 ).\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 11m","synonymSource":"Ongur-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the human orbital and medial prefrontal cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 11","parentNeuroNamesId":"3497","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3497","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial prefrontal cortex hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"area 11","parentNeuroNamesId":"3497","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3497","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3499","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 11l","standardAcronym":"11l","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3499","cDefinition":"refers to the more lateral of two components of area 11 in the human and the macaque. The other is area 11m. Defined on the basis of multiple stains in the human, it occupies the lateral two-thirds of the center of the orbital gyri. It is bounded rostrally by area 10p; caudally, from lateral to medial, by area 47m and area 13l; medially by the other component of area 11, area 11m; and laterally by area 47r. Its boundaries based on multiple fMRI, functional and connectivity criteria are somewhat different in that the rostral boundary is with area a10p, the caudal boundary with area 13l, the lateral boundary with area 47m caudally and area a47r rostrally, and the medial boundary with area OFC caudally and area 10pp rostrally ( Glasser-2016 ). It is activated in CUE, MOTOR CUE, and WORKING MEMORY tasks and deactivated in LANGUAGE STORY, LANGUAGE STORY-MATH, THEORY OF MIND-RANDOM, and FACES-SHAPES contrast tasks. Other authors have referred to a heavily overlapping area as Fo3 ( Glasser-2016 ).\r\nAlso defined by multiple stains in the macaque, it is distinguished from adjacent areas by its granularity and a bilaminate internal pyramidal layer (V) with aggregates of pyramidal cells revealed by Nissl stain and vertical myelinated fiber bundles in the external granular layer (II), the internal granular layer (IV), and the internal pyramidal layer (V) ( Carmichael-1994 ).. \r\nAs granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Wallis-2012 ).\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 11l","synonymSource":"Ongur-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the human orbital and medial prefrontal cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 11l","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 11","parentNeuroNamesId":"3497","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3497","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial prefrontal cortex hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"area 11","parentNeuroNamesId":"3497","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3497","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3500","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"insulo-orbital agranular cortex","standardAcronym":"IOC","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3500","cDefinition":"refers to a portion of cerebral cortex that spans the junction of the anterior part of the insula and the orbital gyri in the human ( Zilles-2004 ) and the macaque ( Mesulam-1982 ). The insular component is the agranular sector of the insula, also known as 'area Ia-p'; the orbital component is the agranular orbitofrontal cortex, which has four or five components, whose acronyms begin similarly 'Ia'.\r\nIdentified on the basis of internal structure as peripaleocortex, it has a few scattered granule cells, but no clusters of granule cells that would define it as dysgranular or granular cortex. Having neither an external granular layer (II) nor an internal granular layer (IV) it is agranular cortex ( Mesulam-1984 ). \r\nWhile it has no topological equivalent in the smooth cortex of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Dong-2004 ), it is architecturally equivalent to the rodent's agranular insular cortex, which is located rostrally on the ventrolateral surface of the cerebral cortex. It is dorsal to the piriform area and ventral to the gustatory cortex and visceral cortex.\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"insulo-orbital cortex","synonymSource":"Mesulam-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Insula of the Old World Monkey. I: Architectonics in the Insulo-orbito-temporal Component of the Paralimbic Brain","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"insulo-orbital agranular cortex","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"agranular insula","synonymSource":"Ongur-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the human orbital and medial prefrontal cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area Ia","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3501","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"agranular orbitofrontal cortex","standardAcronym":"OFa-p","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3501","cDefinition":"refers to one of two components of the insulo-orbital agranular cortex of the human ( Ongur-2003 ) and the macaque ( Carmichael-1994 ). While the authors of both studies refer to it as 'agranular_insula', or the orbital part thereof, it is topologically located entirely on the posterolateral surface of the orbital gyri of the frontal lobe. The other component of insulo-orbital agranular cortex is the agranular sector of the insula. \r\nDefined on the basis of internal structure, it is identified by multiple stains. Caudally it is continuous with the agranular sector of the insula. It is bounded rostrally by area 13 and area 47. It is one of nine subdivisions of the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex of Ongur in the human; the others besides those mentioned are area 10, area 11, area 24, area 25, area 32ac, and area 32pl. In the human it has four (perhaps five, see below) subdivisions: area Iam, area Iapm, area Iai, and area Ial ( Ongur-2003 ). \r\nThe macaque has corresponding areas ( Carmichael-1994 ): area Iam (macaque), area Iapm ( macaque), area Iai (macaque), and area Ial (macaque)...plus an area Iapl (macaque), which may have an equivalent in the human located beyond the portion of cortex evaluated by authors of the human study ( Ongur-2003 ). \r\nIn the macaque, the agranular orbitofrontal cortex is one of six components of the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex (macaque). In that context it consists of two subdivisions: the medial agranular insular region and the lateral agranular insular region ( Carmichael-1994 ). It is considered to be the periallocortex of two paleocortical structures, the claustrum and the piriform area ( Mesulam-1982; Carmichael-1994; Zilles-2004 ).\r\nWhile it has no topological equivalent in the smooth cortex of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and mouse ( Dong-2004 ), its parent structure, insulo-orbital agranular cortex, is architecturally equivalent to the rodent's agranular insular cortex. That is located rostrally on the ventrolateral surface of the cerebral cortex, dorsal to the piriform area and ventral to the gustatory cortex and visceral cortex.\r\nNote that the insulo-orbital agranular cortex is different from, and does not overlap, the agranular insular cortex (Roberts), which is based on a different segmentation of the insula.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"primate","synonymName":"orbito-insular area","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"agranular insula","synonymSource":"Ongur-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the human orbital and medial prefrontal cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"orbito-insular cortex","synonymSource":"Carrive-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Periaqueductal Gray","pubMedHits":"8"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"orbitofrontal cortex, agranular-periallocortical","synonymSource":"Mesulam-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"The insula of Reil in man and monkey: Architectonics, connectivity, and function","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"agranular orbitofrontal cortex","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"orbital prefrontal cortex (macaque) - obsolete","parentNeuroNamesId":"3329","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3329","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial cortex model (macaque)","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"orbital prefrontal cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3512","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3512","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial prefrontal cortex hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"orbital prefrontal cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3512","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3512","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3502","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area Iam","standardAcronym":"Iam","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3502","cDefinition":"refers to one of four subdivisions of the agranular orbitofrontal cortex. Located at the posterior border of the orbital gyri of the human cerebral cortex, it is defined by internal structure on the basis of multiple stains. It is bounded laterally by area Iapm, medially by the anterior olfactory nucleus, rostrally by area 13l, and caudally by the agranular sector of the insula. The other three subdivisions of the agranular orbitofrontal cortex are area Iapm, area Iai, and area Ial. For the relations of this segmentation and terminology to others, see Ongur-2003. \r\nIts equivalent in the macaque is area Iam (macaque) ( Carmichael-1994 ). For equivalent areas in the rat and mouse, see agranular insular cortex. ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area Iam","synonymSource":"Ongur-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the human orbital and medial prefrontal cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"agranular orbitofrontal cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3501","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3501","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial prefrontal cortex hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"agranular orbitofrontal cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3501","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3501","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3503","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area Iapm","standardAcronym":"Iapm","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3503","cDefinition":"refers to one of four subdivisions of the agranular orbitofrontal cortex. Located at the posterior border of the orbital gyri of the human cerebral cortex, it is defined by internal structure on the basis of multiple stains. It is bounded laterally by area Iai, medially by area Iam, rostrally by area 47/12m, and caudally by the agranular sector of the insula. The other three subdivisions of the agranular orbitofrontal cortex are area Iam, area Iai, and area Ial. For the relations of this segmentation and terminology to others, see Ongur-2003. \r\nIts equivalent in the macaque is area Iapm (macaque) ( Carmichael-1994 ). For equivalent areas in the rat and mouse, see agranular insular cortex.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area Iapm","synonymSource":"Ongur-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the human orbital and medial prefrontal cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"agranular orbitofrontal cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3501","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3501","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial prefrontal cortex hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"agranular orbitofrontal cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3501","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3501","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3504","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area Ial","standardAcronym":"Ial","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3504","cDefinition":"refers to one of four subdivisions of the agranular orbitofrontal cortex. Defined on the basis of multiple stains, it is located on the lateral part of the posterior orbital gyrus. Occupying the dorsal wall of the anterior horizontal limb of the lateral fissure, it is bounded medially by area Iai, and caudally by the agranular sector of the insula. The other three subdivisions of the agranular orbitofrontal cortex are area Iam, area Iapm, and area Iai. For the relations of this segmentation and terminology to others, see Ongur-2003. \r\nIts equivalent in the macaque is area Ial (macaque) ( Carmichael-1994 ). For equivalent areas in the rat and mouse, see agranular insular cortex.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area Ial","synonymSource":"Ongur-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the human orbital and medial prefrontal cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"agranular orbitofrontal cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3501","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3501","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial prefrontal cortex hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"agranular orbitofrontal cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3501","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3501","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3505","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area Iai","standardAcronym":"Iai","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3505","cDefinition":"refers to one of four subdivisions of the agranular orbitofrontal cortex. Located at the posterior border of the orbital gyri of the human cerebral cortex, it is defined by internal structure on the basis of multiple stains. It is bounded laterally by area Ial, medially by area 47/12s, rostrally by area 47/12l, and caudally by the agranular sector of the insula. The other three subdivisions of the agranular orbitofrontal cortex are area Iam, area Iapm, and area Ial. For the relations of this segmentation and terminology to others, see Ongur-2003. \r\nIts equivalent in the macaque is area Iai (macaque) ( Ongur-2003 ). For equivalent areas in the rat and mouse, see agranular insular cortex.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area Iai","synonymSource":"Ongur-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the human orbital and medial prefrontal cortex","pubMedHits":"3"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"agranular orbitofrontal cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3501","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3501","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial prefrontal cortex hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"agranular orbitofrontal cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3501","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3501","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3506","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"orbitomedial prefrontal cortex","standardAcronym":"OMPFC","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3506","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of prefrontal cortex in the human ( Ongur-2003 ) and the macaque ( Carmichael-1994 ). It is defined and segmented on the basis of connectivity and internal structure as defined by multiple histological and immunohistological stains. In the human it occupies the entire orbital gyri, the transverse frontopolar gyri, the straight gyrus, the inferior rostral gyrus, the superior rostral gyrus, and part of the anterior cingulate gyrus. It is composed of the orbital prefrontal cortex and the medial prefrontal cortex of Ongur, which are segmented into ten general areas: the agranular orbitofrontal cortex, area 10, area 11, area 47, area 13, area 14, area 24, area 25, area 32ac and area 32pl. Those are further divided into more than 20 primary areas, each of which was shown to differ from adjacent areas by at least two stains.\r\nThe orbitomedial prefrontal cortex (macaque) has architechturally equivalent areas that are similarly named except that the equivalent to area 47 is area 12. The only substantive difference is that the macaque lacks an area 32ac, and area 32 (macaque), which is topologically equivalent to area 32ac, is architectonically more similar to the human area 32pl ( Ongur-2003 ). \r\nIn both species the orbital prefrontal cortex is largely granular cortex, which has no equivalent in the rat. Only the most caudal strip of the orbital prefrontal cortex and the medial prefrontal cortex of Ongur are agranular ( Preuss-1995; Wallis-2012 ). Their equivalents may be found in the orbital areas (rodent) and the agranular insular cortex of the rodent. \r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"orbital and medial prefrontal cortex","synonymSource":"Ongur-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the human orbital and medial prefrontal cortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"orbitomedial prefrontal cortex","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"23"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"orbitomedial prefrontal cortex hierarchy","parentNeuroNamesId":"3507","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3507","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial prefrontal cortex hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3508","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"lateral prefrontal cortex","standardAcronym":"LPFC","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3508","cDefinition":"refers to one of two components of prefrontal cortex defined on the basis of internal structure in the human and the macaque. It is located on the outer and upper surfaces of the frontal lobe. In the human it occupies the lateral and rostral parts of the transverse frontopolar gyri, the superior frontal gyrus, the middle frontal gyrus, and the inferior frontal gyrus. It is topologically similar in the macaque, except that the macaque lacks transverse frontopolar gyri. \r\nIn both human and macaque it is composed of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. The other component of prefrontal cortex is the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex. Some authors distinguish a frontopolar area ( Petrides-2012 ),. \r\n Early authors used the term 'dorsolateral' prefrontal cortex to refer to the entire lateral prefrontal cortex, as distinct from the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex ( Preuss-1995 ).\r\nThe rat, lacking significant granular cortex at the frontal pole does not have an equivalent cortical area ( Preuss-1995; Wallis-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"lateral prefrontal cortex","synonymSource":"Petrides-2009","synonymSourceTitle":"A Delineation of the Monkey Cortex on the Basis of the Distribution of a Neurofilament Protein","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"lateral prefrontal cortex","synonymSource":"Petrides-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"The Frontal Cortex","pubMedHits":"985"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"dorsolateral prefrontal cortex","synonymSource":"Preuss-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Do rats have prefrontal cortex? The rose-woolsey-akert program reconsidered","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"prefrontal cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"1351","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1351","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3509","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsolateral prefrontal cortex","standardAcronym":"DLPFC","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3509","cDefinition":"refers to the more dorsal of two components of lateral prefrontal cortex in primates. Defined on the basis of multiple criteria, it is located predominantly in the rostral parts of the superior frontal gyrus and the middle frontal gyrus. It includes area 8, area 9, area 9/46, and area 46 of both the human and the macaque ( Petrides-2012 ). The other component of lateral prefrontal cortex is the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. Early authors used the term \"dorsolateral prefrontal cortex\" to refer the entire lateral prefrontal cortex as distinct from the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex, and some have used it in reference to other combinations of areas in the lateral prefrontal cortex and orbitomedial prefrontal cortex ( Preuss-1995 ).\r\nLateral prefrontal cortex is granular cortex rostral to the motor cortex and thus has no equivalent in the rat ( Preuss-1995; Wallis-2012 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsolateral prefrontal cortex","synonymSource":"Petrides-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"The Frontal Cortex","pubMedHits":"4506"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"dorsolateral prefrontal cortex","synonymSource":"Petrides-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"The Frontal Cortex","pubMedHits":"4506"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"lateral propriospinal tract","parentNeuroNamesId":"1744","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1744","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3510","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventrolateral prefrontal cortex","standardAcronym":"VLPFC","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3510","cDefinition":"refers to the more ventral of two components of lateral prefrontal cortex in primates. Defined on the basis of multiple criteria, it is located predominantly in the rostral parts of the inferior frontal gyrus. It is found in both the human and the macaque. It is composed of area 44 and area 45. Some authors include the lateral part of area 47, area 47l, which is located at the ventrolateral margin of the frontal lobe ( Petrides-2012 ). That, as one of four components of area 47, is more parsimoniously considered part of orbitomedial prefrontal cortex. \r\nThe other component of lateral prefrontal cortex is the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex ( Petrides-2012 ). The lateral prefrontal cortex has no equivalent in the rat ( Preuss-1995 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventrolateral prefrontal cortex","synonymSource":"Petrides-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"The Frontal Cortex","pubMedHits":"697"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"lateral propriospinal tract","parentNeuroNamesId":"1744","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1744","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3511","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 10m","standardAcronym":"10m","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3511","cDefinition":"refers to one of three subdivisions of area 10 in the human and macaque. Defined on the basis of multiple stains, in humans it occupies caudal parts of the superior rostral gyrus and the inferior rostral gyrus on the medial surface of the frontal lobe. It is bounded rostrally by area 10r, caudally by area 32pl, dorsally by area 24, and ventrally by area 14. The other subdivisions of area 10 in the human are area 10p and area 10r. Its equivalent in the macaque is located ventral to area 32o, rostral to area 25 and dorsal to area 14. In the macaque it has also been referred to as infralimbic area or area IL ( Preuss-1991; Ongur-2003 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 10m","synonymSource":"Ongur-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the human orbital and medial prefrontal cortex","pubMedHits":"2"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 10","parentNeuroNamesId":"3494","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3494","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial prefrontal cortex hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"area 10","parentNeuroNamesId":"3494","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3494","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3512","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"orbital prefrontal cortex","standardAcronym":"OPFC","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3512","cDefinition":"refers to a segmentation of the orbital gyri on the basis of multiple stains for internal structure. One of two subdivisions of the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex, it is composed of six areas. In the human they are: area 10, area 11, area 47, area 13, area 14, and the agranular orbitofrontal cortex ( Ongur-2003 ). In the macaque area 47 was long named 'area 12' ( Carmichael-1994 ). The other division of the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex is the medial prefrontal cortex of Ongur.\r\nIn both the human and the macaque the orbital prefrontal cortex is largely granular cortex, which has no equivalent in the rat. Only the most caudal strip of the orbital prefrontal cortex is agranular. The equivalent of that narrow area may be found in the orbital areas (rodent) and the agranular insular cortex of the rodent ( Preuss-1995; Wallis-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"orbital prefrontal cortex","synonymSource":"Ongur-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the human orbital and medial prefrontal cortex","pubMedHits":"165"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"prefrontal cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"1351","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1351","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"orbitomedial prefrontal cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3506","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3506","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"orbitomedial prefrontal cortex hierarchy","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3513","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 32o","standardAcronym":"32o","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3513","cDefinition":"refers to the portion of area 32 in anterior cingulate cortex of the human, macaque, rat and mouse. Topologically, in the human, it coincides approximately with the superior rostral gyrus and inferior rostral gyrus, which lie rostral to the anterior cingulate gyrus and subcallosal gyrus. Architectonically it is the largest and most rostral part of anterior cingulate cortex. Together with area 32pr of midcingulate cortex, it forms area 32, which is coincident with the original area 32 of Brodmann (human) ( Vogt-2012 ). Dorsally it is bounded by area 9 and continuous with area 32pr. It is bounded caudoventrally by area 25, rostrally by area 10 and ventrally by area 14 ( Petrides-2012 ). It has three parts. From dorsal to ventral, they are area 32d, area 32p and area 32s.\r\nIn the macaque it is located topologically in a rostral extension of the anterior cingulate gyrus. Architectonically it is similar to the human except that the macaque lacks an area 32d, and the dorsal boundary is with area 24c..\r\nTopologically, in the rat and mouse it forms the rostral pole of cerebral cortex and is located in the prelimbic area, the infralimbic area and the medial orbital area ( Swanson-2004; Hof-2000 ). Architectonically its caudal boundary is with area 24a ventrally and area 24b dorsally. Like the macaque, the rodents lack an area 24c ( Vogt-2013 ).\r\nWhile original sources name the area simply '32' ( Vogt-2012; Ongur-2003 ), in NeuroNames it is named '32o' to eliminate ambiguity with the larger area 32 as defined in Brodmann-1909. \r\n\r\n \r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 32","synonymSource":"Ongur-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the human orbital and medial prefrontal cortex","pubMedHits":"181"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area paragenualis","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 32o","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"anterior cingulate cortex of Glasser obsolete","parentNeuroNamesId":"3536","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3536","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3515","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 8","standardAcronym":"8","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3515","cDefinition":"refers to an area defined by internal structure posteriorly in the superior frontal gyrus and middle frontal gyrus. Identified on the basis of multiple stains in the human, it is bounded rostrally by area 9 and area 9/46, caudally by area 6. It extends onto the medial surface of the superior frontal gyrus where it is bounded, approximately at the cingulate sulcus, by area 24 and/or area 32ac, depending on the author. On the lateral surface it is bounded caudoventrally by area 44. It has two subdivisions: area 8A and area 8B. \r\nArchitectonically it is part of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, which is perhaps the most variably segmented part of human cerebral cortex ( Zilles-1990 ). In this segmentation it is one of four parts. The others are area 9, area 9/46, and area 46 ( Petrides-2012 ). \r\nIts equivalent in the macaque is similarly located ( Petrides-2009 ). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Zilles-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 8","synonymSource":"Petrides-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"The Frontal Cortex","pubMedHits":"403"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"dorsolateral prefrontal cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3509","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3509","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3516","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 8A","standardAcronym":"8A","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3516","cDefinition":"refers to the more lateral of two components of area 8 in the human. It is located posteriorly in the medial frontal gyrus. Defined on the basis of multiple stains, it is bounded dorsally by area 8B, rostrally by area 9/46; caudally by area 6, and ventrocaudally by area 44. It has two parts, area 8Ad and area 8Av. \r\nIts equivalent in the macaque is located in the angle of the arcuate sulcus ( Petrides-2012 ). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Zilles-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 8A","synonymSource":"Petrides-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"The Frontal Cortex","pubMedHits":"19"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 8a of cortex","synonymSource":"Petrides-2009","synonymSourceTitle":"A Delineation of the Monkey Cortex on the Basis of the Distribution of a Neurofilament Protein","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 8","parentNeuroNamesId":"3515","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3515","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3517","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 8B","standardAcronym":"8B","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3517","cDefinition":"refers to the more dorsal and medial of two components of area 8 in the human. It is located posteriorly in the superior frontal gyrus and the middle frontal gyrus. Defined on the basis of multiple stains, it is bounded rostrally by area 9 and caudally by area 6; on the medial surface of the superior frontal gyrus it is bounded ventrally by area 24 and area 32ac; on the dorsal surface it is bounded laterally by the other component of area 8, area 8A.\r\nIts equivalent in the macaque is similarly located, with the superior limb of the arcuate sulcus representing the boundary between it and area 8A ( Petrides-2012 ). Functionally it is referred to as the Premotor Ear-Eye Field, (PEEF) ( Lanzilotto-2015 ).\r\nAs granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Zilles-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 8B","synonymSource":"Petrides-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"The Frontal Cortex","pubMedHits":"13"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 8 of cortex","synonymSource":"Petrides-2009","synonymSourceTitle":"A Delineation of the Monkey Cortex on the Basis of the Distribution of a Neurofilament Protein","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"Premotor Ear-Eye Field","synonymSource":"Lanzilotto-2015","synonymSourceTitle":"Evidence for a functional subdivision of Premotor Ear-Eye Field (Area 8B)","pubMedHits":"4"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 8","parentNeuroNamesId":"3515","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3515","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3518","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 8Ad","standardAcronym":"8Ad","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3518","cDefinition":"refers to the more dorsal of two components of area 8A. In the human it is located posteriorly in the middle frontal gyrus. Defined on the basis of multiple stains, it is bounded rostrally by area 9/46d, caudally by area 6; dorsally by area 8B and ventrally by the other component of area 8A, area 8Av. \r\nIts equivalent in the macaque is similarly located with its upper boundary at the superior limb of the arcuate sulcus and its lower boundary partially defined by the principal sulcus ( Petrides-2012 ). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Zilles-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 8Ad","synonymSource":"Petrides-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"The Frontal Cortex","pubMedHits":"5"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 8Ad of cortex, anterodorsal part","synonymSource":"Petrides-2009","synonymSourceTitle":"A Delineation of the Monkey Cortex on the Basis of the Distribution of a Neurofilament Protein","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 8A","parentNeuroNamesId":"3516","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3516","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3519","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 8Av","standardAcronym":"8Av","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3519","cDefinition":"refers to the more ventral of two components of area 8A. In the human it is located posteriorly in the middle frontal gyrus. Defined on the basis of multiple stains, it is bounded rostrally by area 9/46v, caudodorsally by area 6; caudoventrally by area 44 and dorsally by the other component of area 8A, area 8Ad. \r\nIts equivalent in the macaque is similarly located with its lower boundary at the inferior ramus of the arcuate sulcus and its upper boundary partially defined by the principal sulcus ( Petrides-2012 ). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Zilles-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 8Av","synonymSource":"Petrides-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"The Frontal Cortex","pubMedHits":"4"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 8Av of cortex, anteroventral part","synonymSource":"Petrides-2009","synonymSourceTitle":"A Delineation of the Monkey Cortex on the Basis of the Distribution of a Neurofilament Protein","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 8A","parentNeuroNamesId":"3516","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3516","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3520","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 9","standardAcronym":"9","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3520","cDefinition":"refers to an area defined by internal structure and located rostrally in the superior frontal gyrus. Bounded laterally by the superior frontal sulcus, it extends onto the medial surface of the hemisphere where it is bounded by the cingulate sulcus. Identified on the basis of multiple stains, it is bounded rostrally by area 10, caudally by area 8, laterally by area 9/46, and on the medial surface, ventrally, by area 32ac ( Petrides-2012 ). Architectonically it is part of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, which is one of the most variably segmented parts of human cerebral cortex ( Zilles-1990 ). In this segmentation it is one of four parts. The others are area 8, area 9/46, and area 46. \r\nIts equivalent in the macaque is similarly located, except that it is partially bounded laterally by area 46. Also, in the macaque it is subdivided into area 9M and area 9L ( Petrides-2009 ). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Zilles-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 9","synonymSource":"Petrides-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"The Frontal Cortex","pubMedHits":"509"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 9 of cortex","synonymSource":"Petrides-2009","synonymSourceTitle":"A Delineation of the Monkey Cortex on the Basis of the Distribution of a Neurofilament Protein","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"dorsolateral prefrontal cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3509","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3509","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3521","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 9L","standardAcronym":"9L","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3521","cDefinition":"refers to one of two components of area 9 in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of the macaque. Defined on the basis of stain for neurofilament protein, it is the part of area 9 located on the dorsal aspect of the superior frontal gyrus. The other component is area 9M ( Petrides-2009 ).\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 9L","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 9L of cortex, lateral part","synonymSource":"Petrides-2009","synonymSourceTitle":"A Delineation of the Monkey Cortex on the Basis of the Distribution of a Neurofilament Protein","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 9","parentNeuroNamesId":"3520","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3520","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3522","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 9M","standardAcronym":"9M","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3522","cDefinition":"refers to the more rostral of two parts of dorsomedial prefrontal cortex located on the medial surface of the superior frontal gyrus in the human ( Bzdok-2012 ) and the macaque ( Petrides-2009 ). The other is area 8BM, which lies caudoventral to it. It is bounded dorsolaterally by area 9p and area 9a of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, rostrally by area 10d of polar frontal cortex, and posteriorly by area d32 and area a24 of anterior cingulate cortex. Defined in the human by multiple criteria, it is fMRI-activated in a THEORY OF MIND task. It is deactivated in a RELATIONAL task, and activated or deactivated in a LANGUAGE task depending on the task with which it is compared. Other authors have referred to an overlapping part of another structure in the same topological area as 9 ( Glasser-2016 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area 9M","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 9M of cortex, medial part","synonymSource":"Petrides-2009","synonymSourceTitle":"A Delineation of the Monkey Cortex on the Basis of the Distribution of a Neurofilament Protein","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 9m","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 9 middle","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 9","parentNeuroNamesId":"3520","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3520","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3523","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3523","cDefinition":""},{"neuroNamesID":"3524","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 9/46","standardAcronym":"9/46","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3524","cDefinition":"refers to an area defined by internal structure and located centrally in the middle frontal gyrus. Identified on the basis of multiple stains, it is bounded caudally by area 8A above and area 44 below, rostrally by area 10, dorsally by the superior frontal sulcus and area 9, and ventrally by the middle frontal sulcus and area 45. Embedded in its rostral portion is area 46. It is subdivided into two parts, area 9/46d and area 9/46v. It is named 9/46, because, while it occupies an area topologically equivalent to area 9 of Brodmann (human) ventral to the superior frontal sulcus, it shares architectonic features both of area 9 of Brodmann (human) and of area 46 of Brodmann ( Petrides-2012 ). Architectonically it is part of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, which is one of the most variably segmented parts of human cerebral cortex ( Zilles-1990 ). In this segmentation it is one of four parts. The others are area 8, area 9, and area 46. \r\nIts equivalent in the macaque is located similarly, except that area 46 is not embedded but extends rostrally from it into area 10. ( Petrides-2012 ). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Zilles-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 9/46","synonymSource":"Petrides-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"The Frontal Cortex","pubMedHits":"8"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 9/46 of cortex","synonymSource":"Petrides-2009","synonymSourceTitle":"A Delineation of the Monkey Cortex on the Basis of the Distribution of a Neurofilament Protein","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"dorsolateral prefrontal cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3509","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3509","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3525","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 9/46d","standardAcronym":"9/46d","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3525","cDefinition":"refers to one of two components of area 9/46 in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of the human ( Petrides-2012 ) and the macaque ( Petrides-2009 ). Defined on the basis of multiple stains, it is the part of area 9/46 located dorsal to the middle frontal sulcus in the human and dorsal to the principal sulcus in the macaque. The other component is area 9/46v. As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Zilles-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 9/46d","synonymSource":"Petrides-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"The Frontal Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 9/46 of cortex, dorsal part","synonymSource":"Petrides-2009","synonymSourceTitle":"A Delineation of the Monkey Cortex on the Basis of the Distribution of a Neurofilament Protein","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 9/46","parentNeuroNamesId":"3524","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3524","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3526","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 9/46v","standardAcronym":"9/46v","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3526","cDefinition":"refers to one of two components of area 9/46 in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of the human ( Petrides-2012 ) and the macaque ( Petrides-2009 ). Defined on the basis of multiple stains, it is the part of area 9/46 located venral to the middle frontal sulcus in the human and ventral to the principal sulcus in the macaque. The other component is area 9/46d. As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Zilles-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 9/46v","synonymSource":"Petrides-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"The Frontal Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 9/46 of cortex, ventral part","synonymSource":"Petrides-2009","synonymSourceTitle":"A Delineation of the Monkey Cortex on the Basis of the Distribution of a Neurofilament Protein","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 9/46","parentNeuroNamesId":"3524","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3524","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3527","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 46","standardAcronym":"46","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3527","cDefinition":"refers to an area defined by internal structure and located centrally in the middle frontal gyrus. It is identified on the basis of multiple stains. A roughly circular area in the human, it is surrounded, except for its rostral tip, by area 9/46. It is equivalent to area 46 of Brodmann. Architectonically it is one of four parts of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The others are area 8, area 9, and area 9/46 ( Petrides-2012 ). \r\nIts equivalent in the macaque is topologically similar, except that it is more oval in shape and is not embedded in area 9/46; it extends rostrally from area 9/46, ventral to area 9 and dorsal to area 12 ( Petrides-2012 ). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Zilles-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 46","synonymSource":"Petrides-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"The Frontal Cortex","pubMedHits":"262"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 46 of cortex","synonymSource":"Petrides-2009","synonymSourceTitle":"A Delineation of the Monkey Cortex on the Basis of the Distribution of a Neurofilament Protein","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"dorsolateral prefrontal cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3509","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3509","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3528","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 46D","standardAcronym":"46D","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3528","cDefinition":"refers to one of two components of area 46 in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of the macaque. Defined on the basis of stain for neurofilament protein, it is the part of area 46 located dorsal to the principal sulcus. The other component is area 46V ( Petrides-2009 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 46D","synonymSource":"Petrides-2009","synonymSourceTitle":"A Delineation of the Monkey Cortex on the Basis of the Distribution of a Neurofilament Protein","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 46","parentNeuroNamesId":"3527","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3527","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3529","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 46V","standardAcronym":"46V","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3529","cDefinition":"refers to one of two components of area 46 in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of the macaque. Defined on the basis of stain for neurofilament protein, it is the part of area 46 located ventral to the principal sulcus. The other component is area 46D ( Petrides-2009 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 46V","synonymSource":"Petrides-2009","synonymSourceTitle":"A Delineation of the Monkey Cortex on the Basis of the Distribution of a Neurofilament Protein","pubMedHits":"3"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 46","parentNeuroNamesId":"3527","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3527","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3530","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 44","standardAcronym":"44","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3530","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the frontal lobe defined by internal structure. It is located caudally in the opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus. Identified on the basis of multiple stains, it is a narrow vertical strip separated more or less topologically as follows: caudally, from the precentral gyrus by the precentral sulcus; rostrally, from the triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus by the anterior ascending limb of the lateral fissure; dorsally from the middle frontal gyrus by the inferior frontal sulcus; and ventrally from the insula by the superior limiting sulcus. \r\nArchitectonically, it and area 45 constitute the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. It is bounded caudally by area 6, rostrally by area 45, and dorsally by area 9/46 and area 8 ( Petrides-2012 ). Equivalent to area 44 of Brodmann, it and area 45 are considered to represent the main part of Broca's area ( Zilles-2012 ). \r\nFunctionally area 44 and area 45 are considered part of motor cortex, namely, the rostral part of ventral secondary motor cortex (PMVr in the human, F5 in the macaque) ( Matelli-2004 ).\r\nThe macaque equivalent is topologically similar, except that it is smaller in comparison to area 45 and is located entirely in the caudal wall of the inferior ramus of the arcuate sulcus ( Petrides-2012 ). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Zilles-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 44","synonymSource":"Petrides-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"The Frontal Cortex","pubMedHits":"151"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"ventrolateral prefrontal cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3510","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3510","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3531","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 45","standardAcronym":"45","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3531","cDefinition":"refers to a subdivision of the frontal lobe defined by internal structure. It is located in the triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus. Identified on the basis of multiple stains, it is separated more or less topologically as follows: caudally, from the opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus by the anterior ascending limb of the lateral fissure; rostrally, from the orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus by the anterior horizontal limb of the lateral fissure; dorsally from the middle frontal gyrus by the inferior frontal sulcus; and ventrally from the insula by the superior limiting sulcus. \r\nArchitectonically, it and area 44 constitute the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. It is bounded caudally by area 44, rostroventrally by area 47, and rostrodorsally by area 9/46. It has two components: an anterior area 45A and posterior area 45B.( Petrides-2012 ). \r\nEquivalent to area 45 of Brodmann, it and area 44 are considered to represent Broca's area ( Zilles-2012 ). Functionally area 45 and area 44 are considered part of motor cortex, namely, the rostral part of ventral secondary motor cortex (PMVr in the human; F5 in the macaque) ( Matelli-2004 ).\r\nThe macaque equivalent is topologically, architectonically, and functionally similar ( Petrides-2012; Matelli-2004 ). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Zilles-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 45","synonymSource":"Petrides-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"The Frontal Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"ventrolateral prefrontal cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3510","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3510","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3532","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 45A","standardAcronym":"45A","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3532","cDefinition":"refers to the more anterior of two parts of area 45 in the triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus of the human and the macaque; the more posterior part is area 45B ( Petrides-2012 ). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Zilles-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 45A","synonymSource":"Petrides-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"The Frontal Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 45","parentNeuroNamesId":"3531","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3531","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3533","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 45B","standardAcronym":"45B","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3533","cDefinition":"refers to the more posterior of two parts of area 45 in the triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus of the human and the macaque; the more anterior part is area 45A ( Petrides-2012 ). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Zilles-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 45B","synonymSource":"Petrides-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"The Frontal Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 45","parentNeuroNamesId":"3531","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3531","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3534","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"parieto-insular vestibular cortex","standardAcronym":"PIVC","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3534","cDefinition":"refers to an area located at the junction of the insula and parietal lobe, which has been proposed by some to be the core vestibular region. though responses to stimulation of vestibular pathways have also been recorded in other parts of the parietal lobe, including somatosensory cortex. Defined on the basis of multiple criteria, including connectivity, electrophysiology, and fMRI, it involves the granular insula, the adjacent parietal operculum, and the retroinsular area. It is found in the human and the macaeque ( Lopez-2011; see also 'Publications About It' > e-publication).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"parieto-insular vestibular cortex","synonymSource":"Lopez-2011","synonymSourceTitle":"The thalamocortical vestibular system in animals and humans","pubMedHits":"45"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3535","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"cingulate cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3535","cDefinition":"refers to to a large portion of cerebral cortex on the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere. In the human it includes the entire cingulate gyrus and subcallosal gyrus of the limbic lobe, rostrally adjacent margins of the superior frontopolar gyrus and the superior rostral gyrus of the frontal lobe, and, caudally, part of the precuneus of the parietal lobe. Representing essentially the same territory included in the cingulate region of Brodmann-1909, it is segmented on the basis of internal structure as demonstrated by multiple histological and immunohistological stains, as well as connectivity and functional criteria ( Vogt-2012 ).\r\nIts location in the macaque is similar, except that the macaque has no superior frontopolar gyrus or superior rostral gyrus ( Martin-2000 ). In both species, it has four parts: the anterior cingulate cortex, the midcingulate cortex, the posterior cingulate cortex, and the retrosplenial cortex ( Vogt-2013 ).\r\nIn the rat and mouse, which have no sulcal landmarks in that region, it is defined by internal structure as composed of three regions: anterior cingulate cortex, midcingulate cortex and retrosplenial cortex. Both lack posterior cingulate cortex ( Vogt-2014 ).\r\n\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cingulate cortex","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"9472"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"four-region neurobiological model","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cingulate regions","synonymSource":"Vogt-2009","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Gyrus: Functional Correlations of the 4 Cingulate Regions","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"cingulate cortex","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009b","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"cingulate cortex","synonymSource":"Franklin-2008","synonymSourceTitle":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"limbic cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3605","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3605","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3536","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterior cingulate cortex of Glasser obsolete","standardAcronym":"","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3536","cDefinition":"","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"cingulate cortex","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3537","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 33","standardAcronym":"33","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3537","cDefinition":"refers to a narrow band of thin cortex in the anterior cingulate gyrus at its junction with the corpus callosum. In the human, it is located in the depth of the callosal sulcus.It's outer boundary is area 24. Equivalent to area 33 of Brodmann, it has three parts: area 33o in anterior cingulate cortex, area a33' in anterior midcingulate cortex, and area p33' in posterior midcingulate cortex. In the rat it is found only in anterior cingulate cortex and is not subdivided ( Vogt-2013 ). It is not found in the macaque or the mouse ( Vogt-2013; Vogt-2016 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 33","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ectogenual cortex","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3538","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 33o","standardAcronym":"33","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3538","cDefinition":"refers to the part of area 33 located between area 24ab and the corpus callosum in the anterior cingulate cortex of the human ( Vogt-2012 ) and between area 24a and corpus callosum in the rat ( Vogt-2013 ). It has no equivalent in the macaque ( Vogt-1987 ) or the mouse ( Vogt-2013 ). Many reports, e.g., Vogt-2012, refer to it as 'area 33'. In NeuroNames it is designated 33o to avoid ambiguity with the superstructure area 33, which has other parts besides 33o. ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 33 of the ACC","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 33","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 33*","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 33 proper","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 33o","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"anterior cingulate cortex of Glasser obsolete","parentNeuroNamesId":"3536","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3536","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3539","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area a33'","standardAcronym":"a33'","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3539","cDefinition":"refers to the part of the anterior midcingulate cortex that is located in the upper bank of the callosal sulcus where the anterior cingulate gyrus meets the corpus callosum. Defined on the basis of internal structure, it is bounded ventrally by the corpus callosum and dorsally by area a24a' ( Vogt-2012 ). It has no equivalent in the macaque, the rat or the mouse ( Vogt-2016 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area a33'","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"anterior midcingulate cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3557","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3557","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3540","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area p33'","standardAcronym":"p33'","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3540","cDefinition":"refers to the part of the posterior midcingulate cortex that is located in the upper bank of the callosal sulcus where the anterior cingulate gyrus meets the corpus callosum. Defined on the basis of internal structure, it is bounded ventrally by the corpus callosum and dorsally by area p24a'. It has no equivalent in the macaque, the rat or the mouse ( Vogt-2016 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area p33'","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"posterior midcingulate cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3558","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3558","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3541","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 24","standardAcronym":"24","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3541","cDefinition":"refers to a part of cingulate cortex that, in the human and the macaque, forms an arc around the the genu of the corpus callosum. In humans its outer border extends horizontally along the superior frontal gyrus dorsal to the cingulate sulcus. It is bounded internally by area 33, externally by area 32o, caudally by area 23, and rostrally, beneath the genu of the corpus callosum, by area 25. Equivalent to area 24 of Brodmann (human), it is a composite of three main subareas located in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC) and posterior midcingulate cortex (pMCC). The part in ACC is further subdivided, in order from corpus callosum rostrally, into area 24a, area 24b, and area 24c; the part in aMCC is subdivided from corpus callosum dorsally into area a24a', area a24b' and area a24c'; and the part in pMCC is subdivided into area p24a', area p24b', area p24d ( Vogt-2012 ) and area p24c' ( Vogt-2016 ).\r\nIn the macaque, the area is located similarly. Its location relative to other cytoarchitecturally defined areas is similar to that of the human, except that the macaque lacks an area 33 in that region, so its inner boundary is directly with the corpus callosum deep in the callosal sulcus. It is equivalent to area 24 of Brodmann (guenon).\r\nIn the rat and mouse the location and organization are similar, but the area is considerably less differentiated. The part in ACC is composed of area 24a and area 24b and MCC is not divided into anterior and posterior parts, so the sole subdivisions there are area 24a' and area 24b' ( Vogt-2013 ).\r\n ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 24","synonymSource":"Vogt-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Human cingulate cortex: surface features, flat maps, and cytoarchitecture","pubMedHits":"295"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventral anterior cingulate area","synonymSource":"Garey-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Brodmann's 'Localisation in the Cerebral Cortex'","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 25*","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Area cingularis anterior ventralis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3542","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 14M","standardAcronym":"14M","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3542","cDefinition":"refers to the portion of area 14 (macaque) on the medial surface of the frontal lobe. It is defined on the basis of topology. The portion facing the orbital (ventral) surface of the lobe is area 14O ( Paxinos-2009a ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 14M","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009b","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 14 of cortex, medial part","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009a","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain, Second Edition","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3543","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 14O","standardAcronym":"14O","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3543","cDefinition":"refers to the portion of area 14 (macaque) on the orbital (ventral) surface of the frontal lobe. It is defined on the basis of topology. The portion facing the medial surface is area 14M ( Paxinos-2009a ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 14O","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009a","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain, Second Edition","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 14 of cortex, orbital part","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009a","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain, Second Edition","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3544","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 9/32","standardAcronym":"9/32","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3544","cDefinition":" refers to an area located between area 9 and area 32o (macaque) on the medial surface of the frontal lobe of the macaque. It is defined on the basis of stain for neurofilament protein ( Petrides-2009 ).\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 9/32","synonymSource":"Petrides-2009","synonymSourceTitle":"A Delineation of the Monkey Cortex on the Basis of the Distribution of a Neurofilament Protein","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3545","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 8/32","standardAcronym":"8/32","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3545","cDefinition":"refers to an area located between area 8 and area 32o (macaque) on the upper bank of the cingulate sulcus in the superior frontal gyrus of the frontal lobe of the macaque. It is bounded dorsally by area 8 and ventrally by area 32o (macaque). It is defined on the basis of stain for neurofilament protein ( Petrides-2009 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 8/32","synonymSource":"Petrides-2009","synonymSourceTitle":"A Delineation of the Monkey Cortex on the Basis of the Distribution of a Neurofilament Protein","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3546","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 6/32","standardAcronym":"6/32","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3546","cDefinition":"refers to an area located between area 6 and area 32o (macaque) on the upper bank of the cingulate sulcus in the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe of the macaque. It is bounded dorsally by area 6M and, in the depth of the sulcus, by area 24c of Carmichael rostrally and area 23c (macaque) caudally. It is defined on the basis of stain for neurofilament protein ( Petrides-2009 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 6/32","synonymSource":"Petrides-2009","synonymSourceTitle":"A Delineation of the Monkey Cortex on the Basis of the Distribution of a Neurofilament Protein","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3547","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area s32","standardAcronym":"s32","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3547","cDefinition":"refers to one of three subdivisions of area 32o in the human and one of two in the macaque, rat and mouse ( Vogt-2013 ). Defined by internal structure, its location is rostral to the corpus callosum. In the human it is located in the subcallosal gyrus caudoventral to area p32. It is otherwise bounded dorsally by area 25 and area 24ab, and ventrally by area 10 or 14. Defined by multiple criteria, it is fMRI-deactivated in CUE-AVG tasks ( Glasser-2016 ).\r\nIn the macaque it is one of two subdivisions of area 32o. The other is area p32. Located more rostrally than in the human, it is bounded dorsally by area 24ab ( Vogt-2013 ) and ventrally by area 10 ( Ongur-2003 ). The macaque does not have an area d32.. \r\nIn the rat and mouse it is located in the medial orbital area, infralimbic area and ventral prelimbic area ( Swanson-2004; Hof-2000 ). The rodent, like the macaque, lacks an area d32 ( Vogt-2014 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area s32","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"subgenual area","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"area v32","synonymSource":"Vogt-2013","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate area 32 homologies in mouse, rat, macaque and human: Cytoarchitecture and receptor architecture","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 32pl of Ongur","synonymSource":"Ongur-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the human orbital and medial prefrontal cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"prelimbic area 32 of Ongur","synonymSource":"Ongur-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the human orbital and medial prefrontal cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3548","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area p32","standardAcronym":"p32","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3548","cDefinition":"refers to one of three subdivisions of area 32o in the human and one of two in the macaque, rat and mouse ( Vogt-2013 ). Defined by internal structure, it is located rostral to the corpus callosum. In the human, it is in the external cingulate gyrus rostral to the genu of the corpus callosum and is the middle part of area 32o, rostrodorsal to area s32 and ventral to area d32. It is bounded caudally by area 24c ( Vogt-2013 ) and rostrally by area 10 and area 9 ( Ongur-2003 ). Defined by multiple criteria, it is fMRI-activated in MOTOR CUE-AVG and LANGUAGE MATH-STORY contrast tasks. It is deactivated in LANGUAGE-STORY and THEORY OF MIND-RANDOM and FACES-SHAPES contrast tasks ( Glasser-2016 ).\r\nIn the macaque it is located similarly, rostral to the genu in the anterior cingulate gyrus. There it is one of two subdivisions of area 32o. The other is area s32. The macaque does not have an area d32. It is bounded dorsally by area 24c and area 24ab and ventrocaudally by area s32 ( Vogt-2013 ). Rostrally it is bounded by area 10 ( Ongur-2003 ). \r\nIn the rat and mouse it is located in the dorsal prelimbic area at the rostral pole of the cerebral cortex. The authors' name for it is 'd32'. The NeuroNames standard name is area d32 (rodent) to avoid ambiguirty with fthe name 'd32' in reference to the human area d32, The rodent, like the macaque, lacks an area d32 equivalent to that of the human ( Vogt-2014; Vogt-2013 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area p32","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"pregenual area","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"pregenual area 32","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"pregenual subregion","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"area d32 (rodent)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 32ac","synonymSource":"Ongur-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the human orbital and medial prefrontal cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior cingulate area 32","synonymSource":"Ongur-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the human orbital and medial prefrontal cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 32 of Ongur","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"area d32 (rodent)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3549","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area d32","standardAcronym":"d32","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3549","cDefinition":"refers to one of three subdivisions of area 32o in the human ( Vogt-2013 ). Located in the external cingulate gyrus, it is bounded dorsally by area 8BM and rostrally by area 9m ( Glasser-2016 ). It is bounded ventrally by area p32 and area 24c and caudally by area 32pr ( Vogt-2013 ). Defined by multiple criteria ( Glasser-2016 ), it is fMRI-activated in WORKING MEMORY, SOCIAL and RELATIONAL primary contrasts and in RELATIONAL-MATCH and LANGUAGE MATH-STORY contrast tasks. It is deactivated in LANGUAGE-STORY, FACES-SHAPES and THEORY OF MIND-RANDOM contrast tasks.\r\nThe macaque, rat and mouse to not have an equivalent area ( Vogt-2013 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area d32","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsogenual area","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area dorsal 32","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3550","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 32pr","standardAcronym":"32pr","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3550","cDefinition":"refers to the extension of area 32o of the anterior cingulate cortex into the anterior midcingulate cortex in the human. It is located primarily in the external cingulate gyrus caudal to area d32. Its combination with area 32o is equivalent to area 32o of Brodmann (human). It has two subdivisions: area a32pr and area p32pr ( Glasser-2016 ). It has no architectonic equivalent in the macaque, the rat or the mouse ( Vogt-2013 ).\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 32'","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 32pr","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"anterior midcingulate cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3557","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3557","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3551","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 24a","standardAcronym":"24a","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3551","cDefinition":"refers to one of three parts of area 24o in the anterior cingulate cortex of the human, macaque, rat and mouse. The others in the human and the macaque are area 24b and area 24c. The rat and mouse are similar, except they lack an area 24c ( Vogt-2016 ).\r\nIn one parcellation of primate cortex, the three areas, a, b, and c, are arrayed in concentric arcs around the genu of the corpus callosum, bordering area 32o externally, and area 33o internally in the human and, in the macaque, abutting the genu directly ( Vogt-2012 ). In a second parcellation, where the focus is to identify equivalent areas in primates and rodents, the subareas are organized from a to b to c, ventral to dorsal ( Vogt-2013 ). In the human and the macaque 24a is bounded ventrally by area s32 and caudally by area 25. In the rat and mouse it is located in the anterior cingulate area ( Swanson-2004; Hof-2000 ) bounded rostrally by area s32 and ventrally by area 25 and the genu of the corpus callosum.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 24a","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"12"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterogenual simplex","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 24o","parentNeuroNamesId":"3595","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3595","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3552","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 24b","standardAcronym":"24b","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3552","cDefinition":"refers to the middle of three parts of area 24o in the anterior cingulate cortex of the human, macaque, rat and mouse ( Vogt-2013 ). The others are area 24a and area 24c. In the human, 24b is described in two ways. In one version ( Vogt-2012 ) it is described as located on the surface of the anterior cingulate gyrus between the callosal sulcus and the cingulate sulcus rostral to the genu of the corpus callosum. In that parcellation it is bounded rostrally by area 24c and caudally by area 24a. In a more recent parcellation, where its architectonic features are compared with other species ( Vogt-2013 ), it is also bounded rostrally by area 24c, but caudally by area 33o and ventrally by area 24a. In that parcellation it is called 'p24ab'.\r\n In the macaque, its location in the anterior cingulate gyrus is dorsal to the genu. Its architectonic borders are: ventral with area 24a, rostral with area p32, dorsal with area 24c and caudal with anterior midcingulate cortex ( Vogt-2005; Vogt-2012 ). In that parcellation ( Vogt-2013 ), it is combined with area 24b and called '24ab'.\r\n In the rat and mouse, its topological location and boundaries with other architectonically defined areas are, with one exception, similar to the macaque. Since the rodent lacks an area 24c the dorsal boundary is with secondary motor cortex ( Swanson-2004; Hof-2000 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 24b","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 24o","parentNeuroNamesId":"3595","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3595","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3553","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 24c","standardAcronym":"24c","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3553","cDefinition":"refers to the outermost of three parts of area 24o in the anterior cingulate cortex of the human and the macaque. Defined on the basis of multiple criteria, the others are area 24a and area 24b. In the human, 24c is described in two ways. In an earlier version it was described as located in the walls of the cingulate sulcus where the sulcus separates the anterior cingulate gyrus from the external cingulate gyrus. In that parcellation it is bounded rostrally by area 32o and caudally by area 24ab, and it has two components, an inner area 24cv and an outer area 24cd ( Vogt-2012 ). In a more recent version, where its architectonic features are compared with other species, it is bounded rostrally only by area p32 and area d32 of area 32o and caudally only by the dorsal two-thirds of area 24ab ( Vogt-2013 ). \r\nIn the macaque it is located dorsally in the anterior cingulate gyrus where it is bounded by the superior frontal gyrus, area 8B ( Petrides-2012 ), ventrally by area 24b and area 32o and caudally by area a24cpr ( Vogt-2005; Vogt-2013 ). Note that in an earlier segmentation, 24c referred to the combination of two current areas: 24c of anterior cingulate cortex and area a24cpr of midcingulate cortex ( Vogt-1987 ). \r\nThe rat and mouse have no equivalent area ( Vogt-2013 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 24c","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 24o","parentNeuroNamesId":"3595","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3595","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3554","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 24cd","standardAcronym":"24cd","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3554","cDefinition":"refers to the part of area 24c located in the dorsorostral bank of the cingulate sulcus where the cingulate gyrus curves around the genu of corpus callosum in the human. The other part of area 24c, area 24cv, is located in the ventrorostral bank of the sulcus.The equivalent area 24c of the macaque is not subdivided ( Vogt-2012 ).\r\nThe rat and mouse have no equivalent structure ( Vogt-2013 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 24cd","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 24c","parentNeuroNamesId":"3553","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3553","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3555","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 24cv","standardAcronym":"24cv","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3555","cDefinition":"refers to the part of area 24c in the human that is located in the ventrorostral bank of the cingulate sulcus where the cingulate gyrus curves around the genu of the corpus callosum. The other part of area 24c, area 24cd, is located in the dorsorostral bank of the sulcus. The equivalent area 24c of the macaque is not subdivided ( Vogt-2012 ).\r\nThe rat and mouse have no structure equivalent to area 24c ( Vogt-2013 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 24cv","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area 24c","parentNeuroNamesId":"3553","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3553","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3556","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"midcingulate cortex","standardAcronym":"MCC","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3556","cDefinition":"refers to one of four parts of the cingulate cortex in the human, macaque, rat and mouse. It is defined on the basis of multiple criteria, including internal structure, connectivity, and function. The other parts are the anterior cingulate cortex, the posterior cingulate cortex, and the retrosplenial cortex. \r\nIn the human the midcingulate cortex is located caudally in the anterior cingulate gyrus of the limbic lobe and the adjacent border of the superior frontal gyrus of the frontal lobe...the superior bank of the cingulate sulcus. It is composed of two parts, the anterior midcingulate cortex and posterior cingulate cortex.\r\nIts location in the macaque is limited to the cingulate gyrus and is also divided into anterior and posterior parts ( Vogt-2016 ). \r\nThe equivalent in the rat and mouse may be located in the anterior cingulate area of the rodent ( Swanson-2004 ). \r\n\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"midcingulate cortex","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"173"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cingulate cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3535","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3535","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3557","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterior midcingulate cortex","standardAcronym":"aMCC","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3557","cDefinition":"refers to the more rostral of two parts of the midcingulate cortex, which is located caudally in the anterior cingulate gyrus of the human and the macaque. The more caudal part is the posterior midcingulate cortex. In humans the vertical boundary between the two is approximated by the VCA line. Both are defined on the basis of multiple criteria, including internal structure, connectivity, and function. \r\nIn the human the anterior midcingulate cortex is composed of five parts organized from the corpus callosum out as area a33', area a24a', area a24b', area a24c', and area 32pr. The latter, area 32pr, extends across the cingulate sulcus into the adjacent part of the superior frontal gyrus. It is similar in the macaque, except that the macaque lacks an inner area a33' and an outer area 32pr ( Vogt-2012 ). \r\n The equivalent in the rat and mouse may be located in the anterior cingulate area of the rodent ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior midcingulate cortex","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"74"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"midcingulate cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3556","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3556","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3558","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterior midcingulate cortex","standardAcronym":"pMCC","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3558","cDefinition":"refers to the more caudal of two parts of the midcingulate cortex located caudally in the anterior cingulate gyrus of the human and the macaque. The other part is the anterior midcingulate cortex. In humans the boundary between the two is approximated by the VCA line. Both are defined on the basis of multiple criteria, including internal structure, connectivity, and function.\r\nIn the human the posterior midcingulate cortex is composed of five parts organized from the corpus callosum out as area p33', area p24a', area p24b', and area p24d. It is similar in the macaque, except that the macaque lacks an inner area p33' ( Vogt-2012 ). ( Vogt-2012 ). \r\n The equivalent in the rat and mouse may be located in the anterior cingulate area of the rodent ( Swanson-2004 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior midcingulate cortex","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"8"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"midcingulate cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3556","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3556","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3559","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area a24a'","standardAcronym":"a24a'","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3559","cDefinition":"refers to a part of the anterior midcingulate cortex, which is located rostral to the posterior midcingulate cortex in the anterior cingulate gyrus of the human and the macaque. It is located on the lower margin of the gyrus in the upper bank of the callosal sulcus. It is defined on the basis of internal structure. In the human it is bounded laterally by area a33' and dorsally by area a24b'. In the macaque, which lacks area a33', it meets the corpus callosum in the depth of the callosal sulcus ( Vogt-2012 ).\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area a24a'","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area a24'","parentNeuroNamesId":"3607","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3607","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3560","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area a24b'","standardAcronym":"a24b'","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3560","cDefinition":"refers to the part of the anterior midcingulate cortex located between area 24b rostrally and area p24b' caudally on the medial surface of the anterior cingulate gyrus of the human and the macaque. Defined on the basis of internal structure, it is bounded ventrally by area a24a' and dorsally by area a24c' ( Vogt-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area a24b'","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area a24'","parentNeuroNamesId":"3607","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3607","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3561","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area a24c'","standardAcronym":"a24c'","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3561","cDefinition":"refers to the part of the anterior midcingulate cortex located in the banks of the cingulate sulcus bounding the anterior cingulate gyrus. Defined on the basis of internal structure and location, it is found in the human and the macaque. In both it is bounded ventrally by area a24b'. In the human it is bounded dorsally by area 32pr ; the macaque has no area 32pr. \r\nIt is sometimes named differently in the human than in the macaque. In that case, it is simply area 24c'. In the human, but not the macaque, it is divided into two parts, area a24c'v and area a24c'd ( Vogt-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 24c'","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area a24c'","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area a24'","parentNeuroNamesId":"3607","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3607","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3562","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area a24c'v","standardAcronym":"a24c'v","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3562","cDefinition":"refers to the part of area a24c' located in the lower bank of the cingulate sulcus bounding the anterior cingulate gyrus in the human. The part in the upper bank of the sulcus is area a24c'd. The area a24c' is not subdivided in the macaque ( Vogt-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 24c'v","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area a24c'v","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area a24c'","parentNeuroNamesId":"3561","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3561","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3563","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area a24c'd","standardAcronym":"a24c'd","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3563","cDefinition":"refers to the part of area a24c' located in the upper bank of the cingulate sulcus bounding the anterior cingulate gyrus in the human. The part in the lower bank of the sulcus is area a24c'v. The area a24c' is not divided in the macaque ( Vogt-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 24c'd","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"area a24c'd","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area a24c'd","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area a24c'","parentNeuroNamesId":"3561","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3561","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3564","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area p24a'","standardAcronym":"p24a'","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3564","cDefinition":"refers to a part of the posterior midcingulate cortex, which is located caudal to the anterior midcingulate cortex in the anterior cingulate gyrus of the human and the macaque. It is located on the margin of the gyrus, separated from the corpus callosum by the callosal sulcus. It is defined on the basis of internal structure. In the human it is bounded laterally by area p33' and dorsally by area p24b'. In the macaque, which lacks area p33', it is bounded by the corpus callosum in the depth of the callosal sulcus ( Vogt-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area p24a'","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area p24'","parentNeuroNamesId":"3608","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3608","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3565","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area p24b'","standardAcronym":"p24b'","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3565","cDefinition":"refers to the central part of the posterior midcingulate cortex located caudally in the anterior cingulate gyrus of the human and the macaque. Defined on the basis of internal structure, it is bounded ventrally by area p24a' and dorsally by area p24d ( Vogt-2012 ). In the rat and mouse area 24b' is not subdivided into anterior and posterior parts ( Vogt-2016 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area p24b'","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area p24'","parentNeuroNamesId":"3608","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3608","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3566","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area p24dv","standardAcronym":"p24dv","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3566","cDefinition":"refers to the part of area p24d located in the lower bank of the cingulate sulcus, where the sulcus bounds the most caudal part of the anterior cingulate gyrus in the human. The part in the upper bank of the sulcus is area p24dd. It is not found in the macaque where area p24d is not subdivided ( Vogt-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 24dv","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area p24dv","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area p24d","parentNeuroNamesId":"3180","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3180","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3567","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area p24dd","standardAcronym":"p24dd","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3567","cDefinition":"refers to the part of area p24d located in the upper bank of the cingulate sulcus where the sulcus bounds the most caudal part of the anterior cingulate gyrus in the human. The part in the lower bank of the sulcus is area p24dv. It is not found in the macaque where area p24d is not subdivided ( Vogt-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 24dd","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area p24dd","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area p24d","parentNeuroNamesId":"3180","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3180","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3568","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterior cingulate cortex of Vogt","standardAcronym":"PCC","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3568","cDefinition":"refers to one of four parts of the cingulate cortex in the human and the macaque ( Vogt-2012 ). Located on the medial surface of the hemisphere, it is defined on the basis of multiple criteria, including internal structure, connectivity, and function. The other components of the cingulate cortex are the anterior cingulate cortex, the midcingulate cortex, and the retrosplenial cortex. \r\nIn the human the posterior cingulate cortex is located in the posterior cingulate gyrus and rostral portion of the precuneus with narrow extension into the parietal lobe in the upper bank of the cingulate sulcus. Its location in the macaque is similar, except that extension into the parietal lobe is lacking. It has two components, the larger, more rostral and dorsal posterior cingulate cortex and the considerably smaller, more caudal and ventral posterior cingulate cortex.\r\nThe equivalent in the rat and mouse may be in the cingulate/retrosplenial cortex of the rodent ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior cingulate cortex","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"1753"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior cingulate cortex of Vogt","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cingulate cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3535","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3535","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3569","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal posterior cingulate cortex","standardAcronym":"dPCC","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3569","cDefinition":"refers to the larger of two parts of the posterior cingulate cortex in the human and the macaque ( Vogt-2012 ). It is defined on the basis of multiple criteria including internal structure, connectivity, and function. The other component is the ventral posterior cingulate cortex. \r\nIt is located in the posterior cingulate gyrus and rostral portion of the precuneus with a narrow extension to the parietal lobe in the upper bank of the cingulate sulcus. It has four components: area 23c of Vogt, area 23d of Vogt, area d23, and area d31. Its location and composition in the macaque are similar, except that extension into the parietal lobe is lacking. \r\nIt may have partial equivalence to the cingulate/retrosplenial cortex of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal posterior cingulate cortex","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"23"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal subregion of the cingulate cortex","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal PCC","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"8"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"posterior cingulate cortex of Vogt","parentNeuroNamesId":"3568","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3568","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3570","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventral posterior cingulate cortex","standardAcronym":"vPCC","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3570","cDefinition":"refers to the smaller, more caudal of two parts of the posterior cingulate cortex in the human and the macaque. The other component is the dorsal posterior cingulate cortex. Both are defined on the basis of multiple criteria including internal structure, connectivity, and function. The ventral part has two components: area v23 and area v31. They span the part of the posterior cingulate gyrus caudal to the splenium of the corpus callosum and the adjacent part of the precuneus. \r\nIts location and composition in the macaque are similar except that the macaque does not have an area v31 ( Vogt-2012 ). \r\nIt may have partial equivalence to the cingulate/retrosplenial cortex of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventral posterior cingulate cortex","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"8"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventral subregion of the posterior cingulate cortex","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area vPCC","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"5"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"posterior cingulate cortex of Vogt","parentNeuroNamesId":"3568","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3568","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3571","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 23d of Vogt","standardAcronym":"23d","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3571","cDefinition":"refers to one of four parts of the dorsal posterior cingulate cortex in the human and the macaque. The other parts are area 23c of Vogt, area d23, and area d31. It is located in the cingulate gyrus caudal to the posterior midcingulate cortex, rostral to area d23, and ventral to area 23c of Vogt. It is separated from the corpus callosum by the retrosplenial area, which occupies the upper bank of the callosal sulcus. It is defined on the basis of internal structure ( Vogt-2012 ). It may have partial equivalence to the cingulate/retrosplenial cortex of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 23d","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"dorsal posterior cingulate cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3569","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3569","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3572","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 23c of Vogt","standardAcronym":"23c","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3572","cDefinition":"refers to one of four parts of the dorsal posterior cingulate cortex.The other parts are area 23d of Vogt, area d23, and area d31. In the human it is located in the upper and lower banks of the cingulate sulcus...in the medial parietal lobe and the cingulate gyrus respectively. It is caudal to area p24d of the posterior midcingulate cortex, dorsal to area 23d of Vogt, and rostral to area d23. Its location in the macaque is similar, except that it does not extend into the upper bank of the sulcus ( Vogt-2012 ). It may have partial equivalence to the cingulate/retrosplenial cortex of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 23c","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 23c of Vogt","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"dorsal posterior cingulate cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3569","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3569","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3573","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area d23","standardAcronym":"d23","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3573","cDefinition":"refers to one of four parts of the dorsal posterior cingulate cortex.The other parts are area 23d of Vogt, area 23c of Vogt, and area d31. In the human it is located in the posterior cingulate gyrus dorsal to the splenium of the corpus callosum. It is caudal to area 23d of Vogt, ventromedial to area d31, and dorsal to area v23 of the ventral posterior cingulate cortex. It has two parts: area d23a and area d23b. Its location in the macaque is similar, except that it borders the entire area 31 ( Vogt-2012 ). It may have partial equivalence to the cingulate/retrosplenial cortex of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area d23","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"dorsal posterior cingulate cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3569","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3569","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3574","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area d31","standardAcronym":"d31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3574","cDefinition":"refers to one of four parts of the dorsal posterior cingulate cortex.The other parts are area 23d of Vogt, area 23c of Vogt, and area d23. In the human it is located in the most rostral part of the precuneus. It is caudal to area d23 and dorsal to area v31 of the ventral posterior cingulate cortex. It is topologically equivalent to the entire area 31 of the macaque, which has no area v31 ( Vogt-2012 ). It may have partial equivalence to the retrosplenial area of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area d31","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"dorsal posterior cingulate cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3569","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3569","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3575","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area d23a","standardAcronym":"d23a","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3575","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of area d23 in the posterior cingulate gyrus of the human and the macaque. It is the part closer to the retrosplenial cortex and the corpus callosum.The other part is area d23b. ( Vogt-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area d23a","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area d23","parentNeuroNamesId":"3573","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3573","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3576","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area d23b","standardAcronym":"d23b","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3576","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of area d23 in the posterior cingulate gyrus of the human and the macaque. It is the part further from the retrosplenial cortex and the corpus callosum.The other part is area d23a. ( Vogt-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area d23b","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area d23","parentNeuroNamesId":"3573","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3573","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3577","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 31","standardAcronym":"31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3577","cDefinition":"refers to a cytoarchitectural subdivision of the part of cingulate cortex that is located largely in the precuneus on the medial surface of the parietal lobe. It belongs to the posterior cingulate cortex.\r\nIn the human it arches around the caudal boundaries of area d23 and area v23 caudal to the splenium of the corpus callosum, and it has two parts: area d31 of the dorsal posterior cingulate cortex and area v31 of the ventral posterior cingulate cortex. The macaque area 31 corresponds to area d31 of the human; the macaque has no area corresponding architectonically to area v31. ( Vogt-2012 ).\r\nEquivalents in the rat and mouse may be present in the cingulate/retrosplenial cortex ( Paxinos-2001 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 31","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3578","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area v23","standardAcronym":"v23","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3578","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the ventral posterior cingulate cortex.The other is area v31. In the human it is located in the posterior cingulate gyrus caudal to the splenium of the corpus callosum. It is rostroventral to area v31 and caudoventral to area d23 of the dorsal posterior cingulate cortex. It is divided into two parts: area v23a and area v23b.\r\nIts location in the macaque is similar except that the macaque has no area v31. Thus, in the macaque it constitutes the entirety of the ventral posterior cingulate cortex ( Vogt-2012 ). It may have partial equivalence to the retrosplenial area of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area v23","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"ventral posterior cingulate cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3570","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3570","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3579","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area v31","standardAcronym":"v31","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3579","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the ventral posterior cingulate cortex.The other is area v23. It is located in the precuneus caudal to the posterior cingulate gyrus and the splenium of the corpus callosum. It is caudodorsal to area v23 and caudoventral to area d31 of the dorsal posterior cingulate cortex. \r\nIn the macaque, it has no topological equivalent ( Vogt-2012 ). It may have partial equivalence to the retrosplenial area of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area v31","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"ventral posterior cingulate cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3570","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3570","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3580","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 29","standardAcronym":"29","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3580","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of retrosplenial cortex. It is composed of granular cortex.The other is area 30, which is composed of dysgranular cortex. The two are narrow bands, which in the primate are aligned side by side in the ventral bank of the posterior cingulate gyrus with continuation in the rostral bank of the isthmus of the cingulate gyrus. The inner band of the two, area 29 is separated from the splenium of the corpus callosum by the callosal sulcus. Rostrally in the human, the area is subdivided into an area 29m and area 29l. The portion in the isthmus was formerly considered a separate area 26. The equivalent structure in the macaque is the same as in the human, except that it is not subdivided into medial and lateral parts ( Vogt-2012 ). \r\nIn rodents it is located on the mesial surface of the cortex of the cerebral hemisphere, dorsal and caudal to the splenium of the corpus callosum. In the rat it consists of three parts: zone a of the retrosplenial granular area, zone b of the retrosplenial granular area and zone c of the retrosplenial granular area ( Paxinos-2009b ). Some authors regard zone b and zone c as one, i.e., as zone b-c of the retrosplenial granular area ( Swanson-2004 ). In the mouse it may be subdivided ( Franklin-2008 ) or not ( Hof-2000 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 29","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"retrosplenial granular area","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009b","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"ventral part of the retrosplenial area","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"retrosplenial cortex, ventral part","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"retrosplenial area, ventral part","synonymSource":"Swanson-1998","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"retrosplenial cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3583","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3583","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"retrosplenial cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3583","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3583","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3581","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 30","standardAcronym":"30","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3581","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the architectonically defined retrosplenial cortex in the human and macaque. It is variously considered dysgranular cortex ( Vogt-2012 ) or agranular cortex ( Zilles-2012 ).The other is area 29, which is indisputedly granular cortex. The two are narrow bands aligned side by side in the banks of the posterior cingulate gyrus and isthmus of the cingulate gyrus. The inner band of the two, area 29, is separated from the splenium of the corpus callosum by the callosal sulcus. Externally area 30 is bounded by area 23 ( Vogt-2012 ).. \r\nIn rodents the area equivalent to area 30 of primates is called the retrosplenial dysgranular area ( Paxinos-2009b ) or dorsal part of the retrosplenial area ( Swanson-2004 ). It is located on the mesial surface of the cerebral hemisphere external to the retrosplenial granular cortex...dorsal and caudal to the splenium of the corpus callosum. Some authors have shown a small 'retrosplenial area, lateral agranular part' in the rat ( Swanson-2004), and mouse ( Dong-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 30","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"retrosplenial dysgranular cortex","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009b","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"dorsal part of the retrosplenial area","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"retrosplenial area, dorsal part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"retrosplenial area, agranular region","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"retrosplenial area, lateral agranular part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"retrosplenial cortex, dorsal part","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"retrosplenial dysgranular area","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"agranular retrosplenial cortex","synonymSource":"Zilles-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Architecture of the Cerebral Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dysgranular area 30","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"retrosplenial agranular cortex","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"area RSPd","synonymSource":"Swanson-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure Of The Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"area RSD","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009b","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"retrosplenial cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3583","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3583","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"retrosplenial cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3583","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3583","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3582","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 23","standardAcronym":"23","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3582","cDefinition":"refers to a cytoarchitectural subdivision of the part of cingulate cortex that is located largely in the posterior cingulate gyrus of the limbic lobe. In the human it occupies most of the posterior cingulate gyrus in an arc around the splenium of the corpus callosum, as well as a portion of the adjacent precuneus...caudally, beyond the splenial sulcus. \r\nCytoarchitecturally it is bounded internally by the retrosplenial cortex, which separates it from the splenium of the corpus callosum. It is bounded rostrally by area 24, and caudally by area 31. It is one of two parts of the posterior cingulate cortex, the other being area 31. It has four components: area 23c of Vogt, area 23d of Vogt, and area d23 of the dorsal posterior cingulate cortex, and area v23 of the the ventral posterior cingulate cortex. \r\nIn the macaque, area 23 is located similarly with regard to the posterior cingulate gyrus and precuneus. Its location relative to other cytoarchitecturally defined areas is also similar to that of the human ( Vogt-2012 ). In the macaque, the internal segmentation into four components differs somewhat from that reported by the authors earlier in their studies ( Vogt-1987; Vogt-1995 ); see area 23 (macaque).\r\nEquivalents in the rat and mouse may be present in the cingulate/retrosplenial cortex ( Paxinos-2001 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 23","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3583","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"retrosplenial cortex","standardAcronym":"RSC","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3583","cDefinition":"refers to the smallest of four parts of the cingulate cortex in the human and the macaque. The others are the anterior cingulate cortex, the midcingulate cortex, and the posterior cingulate cortex. It is a cytoarchitecturally defined portion of periarchicortex ( Stephan-1975 ).\r\nLocated in the ventral bank of the posterior cingulate gyrus and bordered internally by the callosal sulcus, it arches around the splenium of the corpus callosum. Externally it is bounded by area 23. It is continuous rostrally with area 33, which, similarly, separates an outer area 24 from the corpus callosum. It has two components: a granular area: area 29 ( Vogt-2012 ), and area 30, which is described as dysgranular by some authors ( Vogt-2012 ) and agranular by others ( Zilles-2004 ). \r\nIn the cerebrocortical segmentation of the fMRI-based Human Connectome Project ( Glasser-2016 ), it is named 'retrosplenial complex' and defined on the basis of internal MRI structure, connectivity, and fMRI activation during behavioral tasks. In that segmentation it is bounded, in caudorostral order, by area POS1, area v23ab, area d23ab, and area 23d. It has strong functional connectivity with area POS2. It is fMRI-activated in a MOTOR CUE task, activated or deactivated in WORKING MEMORY and GAMBLING tasks depending on the area compared, and deactivated in LANGUAGE STORY, STORY and THEORY OF MIND tasks ( Glasser-2016 ).\r\nIn the rat and mouse, area 29 is divided into two parts: retrosplenial dysgranular area and retrosplenial granular area ( Paxinos-2009b ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 29/30","synonymSource":"Vogt-2009","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Gyrus: Functional Correlations of the 4 Cingulate Regions","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"guenon","synonymName":"retrosplenial region","synonymSource":"Garey-1999","synonymSourceTitle":"Brodmann's 'Localisation in the Cerebral Cortex'","pubMedHits":"24"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"retrosplenial area","synonymSource":"Crosby-1962","synonymSourceTitle":"Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System","pubMedHits":"55"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"retrosplenial area","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"55"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area RSC","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"retrosplenial cortex","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Regio retrosplenialis","synonymSource":"Brodmann-1909","synonymSourceTitle":"Beschreibung der einzelnen Hirnkarten","pubMedHits":"0"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"polymodal association cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"2725","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2725","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Functional CNS Model - Rat","modelStatus":"Show"},{"parentStandardName":"cingulate cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3535","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3535","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3584","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 26","standardAcronym":"26","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3584","cDefinition":"refers to the most caudal portion of area 29 in retrosplenial cortex of the human. It is a very narrow band located in the isthmus of the cingulate gyrus as it curves around the splenium of the corpus callosum. It is bounded internally by the splenium and externally by area v23a of the ventral posterior cingulate cortex. It consists of a single external granular layer (IV), which is continuous rostrally with layer III/IV of area 29l. It has no equivalent in the macaque ( Vogt-2012 ) or the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) or mouse ( Hof-2000 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 26","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ectosplenial area 26","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ectosplenial cortex","synonymSource":"Zilles-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Architecture of the Cerebral Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3585","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ectocallosal region","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3585","cDefinition":"refers to a narrow band of cortex located in the cingulate gyrus at its junction with the corpus callosum deep in the callosal sulcus. Defined on the basis of internal structure, it has two components: area 33, of the anterior cingulate cortex and midcingulate cortex, and area 26 of the posterior cingulate cortex. The more rostral area 33 is bounded by area 24a, the more caudal area 26 by area 29l. It is not found in the macaque ( Vogt-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ectocallosal region","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3586","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"subgenual areas","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3586","cDefinition":"is ambiguous, the meaning depending on whether it is used in reference to, 1) areas of the subcallosal gyrus located ventral to the genu of corpus callosum or, 2) to areas of anterior cingulate cortex located in the subcallosal gyrus that have internal structure and receptor characteristics similar to area s32 and s24ab of the human. \r\nUsed in reference exclusively to the subcallosal gyrus, they are composed largely of area 25 together with area s32 and s24ab of the human. They are the same in the macaque except that the macaque lacks the caudal extension of area 24a into the subcallosal gyrus ( Vogt-2012 ). The rat and the mouse have an architectonically defined area 25 and area s30, but they do not have a subcallosal gyrus ( Vogt-2013 ).\r\nUsed in reference to the anterior cingulate cortex the same descriptions apply, except that area 25 is excluded ( Vogt-2013 ).\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"subgenual subregion of the anterior cingulate cortex","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"subgenual areas","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3587","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"pregenual areas","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3587","cDefinition":"refers to the more dorsal and rostral of two parts of anterior cingulate cortex defined on the basis of multiple criteria in the human and the macaque. Located in the anterior cingulate gyrus rostral to the genu of the corpus callosum, it is composed largely of area 32o, area 24a, area 24b, and area 24c. The more ventral and caudal part is the subgenual areas ( Vogt-2012 ).\r\nThere is some diversity of opinion with regard to appropriate cytoarchitectonic parcellation of this region within species and regarding equivalent areas of the region in the human and the macaque. It is also classified as part of medial prefrontal cortex of Ongur (see area 32ac and area 32pl of the human, Ongur-2003, and area 32o (macaque) of Carmichael-1994 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"pregenual subregion of the anterior cingulate cortex","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"pregenual areas","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3588","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"rostral anterior cingulate cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3588","cDefinition":"refers to the anterior part of the topologically defined anterior cingulate gyrus. Defined on the basis of fMRI as functionally different from the caudal anterior cingulate cortex it corresponds approximately to the architectonically defined anterior cingulate cortex. The caudal anterior cingulate cortex corresponds to the architectonically defined anterior midcingulate cortex ( Vogt-2012 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"rostral anterior cingulate cortex","synonymSource":"Lee-2015","synonymSourceTitle":"Aberrant function of frontoamygdala circuits in adolescents with previous verbal abuse experiences","pubMedHits":"272"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"rostral ACC","synonymSource":"Lee-2015","synonymSourceTitle":"Aberrant function of frontoamygdala circuits in adolescents with previous verbal abuse experiences","pubMedHits":"116"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3589","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"caudal anterior cingulate cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3589","cDefinition":"refers to the posterior part of the topologically defined anterior cingulate gyrus. Defined on the basis of fMRI as functionally different from the rostral anterior cingulate cortex it corresponds approximately to the architectonically defined anterior midcingulate cortex. The rostral anterior cingulate cortex corresponds to the architectonically defined anterior cingulate cortex ( Vogt-2012 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"caudal anterior cingulate cortex","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"38"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"caudal ACC","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"35"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3590","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area s24a","standardAcronym":"s24a","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3590","cDefinition":"refers to the caudal portion of area 24a, which constitutes part of the subgenual areas of the anterior cingulate cortex in the human and the macaque ( Vogt-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area s24a","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3591","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area s24b","standardAcronym":"s24b","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3591","cDefinition":"refers to the caudal portion of area 24b, which constitutes part of the subgenual areas of the anterior cingulate cortex in the human but not the macaque ( Vogt-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area s24b","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3592","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"perigenual region","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3592","cDefinition":"refers to a combination of areas defined on the basis of internal structure by H. Braak. It corresponds approximately to the anterior cingulate cortex of the limbic lobe. It includes area 33, area 24a, area 24b, and area 32o ( Vogt-2012 ). \r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"perigenual region","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"3"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3593","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 25a","standardAcronym":"25a","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3593","cDefinition":"refers to the more anterior of two parts of area 25 in the anterior cingulate cortex of the human. The other is area 25p. Both are located in the subcallosal gyrus and are differentiated on the basis of internal structure ( Vogt-2012 ), ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 25a","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3594","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 25p","standardAcronym":"25p","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3594","cDefinition":"refers to the more posterior of two parts of area 25 in the anterior cingulate cortex of the human. The other is area 25a. Both are located in the subcallosal gyrus and are differentiated on the basis of internal structure ( Vogt-2012 ), ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 25p","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3595","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 24o","standardAcronym":"24o","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3595","cDefinition":"refers to the portion of area 24 in anterior cingulate cortex of the human, macaque, rat and mouse. Located in the part of the anterior cingulate gyrus adjacent to the genu of the corpus callosum, it consists of three parts: area 24a, area 24b and area 24c. The rat and mouse lack an area 24c.\r\nWhile original sources name it simply '24' ( Vogt-2012; Ongur-2003 ), it is named '24o' in NeuroNames to eliminate ambiguity with the larger area 24 as defined in Brodmann-1909, i.e., as the combination of all subareas of area 24 including those in both anterior cingulate cortex and midcingulate cortex.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 24x","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 24o","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"anterior cingulate cortex of Glasser obsolete","parentNeuroNamesId":"3536","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3536","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3596","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 24'","standardAcronym":"24'","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3596","cDefinition":"refers to a part of area 24 in midcingulate cortex of the human, macaque, rat and mouse ( Vogt-2016 ). Defined architectonically, it is located for the most part in the caudal half of the anterior cingulate gyrus of the limbic lobe. It includes three subareas of anterior midcingulate cortex: area a24a', area a24b', and area a24c', and two subareas of the posterior midcingulate cortex: area p24a' and area p24b', ( Vogt-2009; Vogt-2012 ). \r\nIn the macaque, the posterior midcingulate cortex contains an area p24c' as well ( Vogt-2016 ), \r\nIn the rat and mouse, the area has only two subareas 24a' and 24b' ( Vogt-2016 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 24'","synonymSource":"Vogt-2009","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Gyrus: Functional Correlations of the 4 Cingulate Regions","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"area 24'","synonymSource":"Vogt-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"Midcingulate cortex: Structure, connections, homologies\r\nfunctions and diseases","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3597","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"HACER","standardAcronym":"LH/PF","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3597","cDefinition":"refers to a physiologically defined group of cells ventral to the postcommissural fornix at the level of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus in primates. HACER, Spanish for 'to do', is the acronym for \"Hypothalamic Area for Cardiovascular Emotional Response', It refers to a site where electrical stimulation produces the cardiovascular component of the defensive response to threatening stimuli: elevations of blood pressure and heart rate and a characteristic fluctuation of renal blood flow ( Smith-1990 ). The area receives major input from the amygdala, the brain region most involved in fear conditioning ( DeVito-1982; Pare-2004 ). A lesion of the area eliminates naturally occurring hypertension in baboons and owl monkeys ( Smith-2007 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Papio","synonymName":"area LH/PF","synonymSource":"Smith-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Neurons controlling cardiovascular responses to emotion are located in lateral hypothalamus-perifornical region.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Papio","synonymName":"lateral hypothalamus-perifornical area","synonymSource":"Smith-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Neurons controlling cardiovascular responses to emotion are located in lateral hypothalamus-perifornical region.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Papio","synonymName":"perifornical hypothalamus","synonymSource":"Smith-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Neurons controlling cardiovascular responses to emotion are located in lateral hypothalamus-perifornical region.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Papio","synonymName":"perifornical area","synonymSource":"Smith-1984","synonymSourceTitle":"Organization of central nervous system pathways influencing blood pressure responses during emotional behavior.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Papio","synonymName":"LH/PF region","synonymSource":"Smith-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Neurons controlling cardiovascular responses to emotion are located in lateral hypothalamus-perifornical region.","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3598","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 47L","standardAcronym":"47L","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3598","cDefinition":"refers to the lateral part of area 12 as defined by authors who segment the area into only two parts. The other is area 47O. They are labeled '47' in recognition that the human equivalent of area 12 is area 47 of Brodmann, or more recently area 47/12 ( Paxinos-2009a; Ongur-2003 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 47L","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009a","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain, Second Edition","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 47L of cortex","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009a","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain, Second Edition","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3599","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 47O","standardAcronym":"47O","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3599","cDefinition":"refers to the orbital part of area 12 as defined by authors who segment the area into only two parts. The other is area 47L. They are labeled '47' in recognition that the human equivalent of area 12 is area 47 of Brodmann, or more recently area 47/12 ( Paxinos-2009a; Ongur-2003 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 47O","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009a","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain, Second Edition","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 47 of cortex, orbital part","synonymSource":"Paxinos-2009a","synonymSourceTitle":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain, Second Edition","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3600","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"principalis cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3600","cDefinition":"refers to the prefrontal cortex lining the banks of the principal sulcus in the macaque ( Preuss-1995 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"principalis cortex","synonymSource":"Preuss-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Do rats have prefrontal cortex? The rose-woolsey-akert program reconsidered","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3601","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"frontal cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3601","cDefinition":"refers to the set of cortical areas defined on the basis of internal structure that comprise the frontal lobe in the human and the macaque ( Petrides-2012 ). Its boundaries are not precisely contiguous with those of the frontal lobe, which is defined on the basis of external sulcal landmarks. \r\nThe frontal cortex has two major components: motor cortex ( with subdivisions primary motor cortex and secondary motor cortex ) and prefrontal cortex ( with subdivisions lateral prefrontal cortex and orbital prefrontal cortex ). \r\nSome authors include the anterior cingulate cortex, under the name medial prefrontal cortex of Ongur, as part of frontal cortex ( Ongur-2003; Carmichael-1994 ). Here that area is classified as limbic cortex, because topologically it is located in the limbic lobe and architectonically, unlike prefrontal cortex, which is granular cortex, it is agranular cortex ( Wallis-2012 ).\r\nThe rat and mouse have equivalents to the agranular motor cortex component of frontal cortex in primates, but they do not have equivalents to the granular prefrontal cortex of primates ( Wallis-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"frontal cortex","synonymSource":"Petrides-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"The Frontal Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3602","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"granular cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3602","cDefinition":"is a cytoarchitecturally defined term denoting the type of neocortex that is distinguished by the typical organization of granule cells into an external granular layer (II) and an internal granular layer (IV) ( Carpenter-1983 ). It is distinguished from dysgranular cortex, which has fewer granule cells in a single layer or as distinct clusters, and agranular cortex, which has no granule cells ( Mesulam-1982 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"granular cortex","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3603","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dysgranular cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3603","cDefinition":"refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined type of neocortex intermediate in structure between granular cortex and agranular cortex. The granular cortex has two layers of granule cells, an external granular layer (II) and an internal granular layer (IV). Dysgranular cortex has fewer granule cells, which are grouped in a single layer or as distinct clusters. Agranular cortex has no granule cells ( Mesulam-1982 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dysgranular cortex","synonymSource":"Mesulam-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Insula of the Old World Monkey. I: Architectonics in the Insulo-orbito-temporal Component of the Paralimbic Brain","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3604","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"subputaminal nucleus","standardAcronym":"SpN","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3604","cDefinition":"refers to a cluster of large cholinergic neurons that form the rostrolateral part of the basal nucleus in the human and the chimpanzee. It is located deep to the putamen next to the temporal limb of the anterior commissure. In the human the anterior and intermediate parts of the nucleus are densely packed. The cells are fewer and more dispersed in the chimpanzee. The nucleus is not present in the macaque or other Old World and New World monkeys. \r\nAs part of the basal nucleus it is thought to play a role in attention, learning, memory, and cortical plasticity ( Raghanti-2011 ). In the human it is more prominent in the left hemisphere than the right, and it sends a projection to the inferior frontal gyrus, which includes Broca's area. Those features suggest that the subputaminal nucleus may play a role in speech and cognition ( Simic-1999 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"subputaminal nucleus of Ayala","synonymSource":"Raghanti-2011","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative analysis of the nucleus basalis of Meynert among primates","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"subputaminal nucleus","synonymSource":"Raghanti-2011","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative analysis of the nucleus basalis of Meynert among primates","pubMedHits":"3"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"subputaminal nucleus (Ayala)","synonymSource":"Raghanti-2011","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative analysis of the nucleus basalis of Meynert among primates","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus subputaminalis","synonymSource":"Raghanti-2011","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative analysis of the nucleus basalis of Meynert among primates","pubMedHits":"4"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3605","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"limbic cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3605","cDefinition":"refers to the set of cortical areas defined on the basis of internal structure that comprise the limbic lobe in the human and the macaque. Its boundaries are not precisely contiguous with those of the limbic lobe, which is defined on the basis of external sulcal landmarks.\r\nThe limbic cortex has three major components: cingulate cortex, parahippocampal cortex, and hippocampal cortex, ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"limbic cortex","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3606","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 23* - obsolete","standardAcronym":"23*","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3606","cDefinition":"","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area a24","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3607","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area a24'","standardAcronym":"a24'","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3607","cDefinition":"refers to the part of area 24 that intersects the anterior midcingulate cortex of the human and the macaque. Defined on the basis of multiple criteria, it occupies approximately the middle third of the anterior cingulate gyrus. In the human it consists of four parts: area a24a', area a24b', area a24c'v, and area a24c'd. In the macaque it has only three parts: area a24a', area a24b', and area a24c' ( Vogt-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area a24'","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"anterior midcingulate cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3557","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3557","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3608","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area p24'","standardAcronym":"p24'","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3608","cDefinition":"refers to the part of area 24 located in the posterior midcingulate cortex in the human and the macaque. Defined on the basis of multiple criteria, it occupies approximately the posterior third of the anterior cingulate gyrus. In both human and macaque it consists of three parts: area p24a', area p24b', and area p24c' ( Vogt-2016 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area p24'","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"posterior midcingulate cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3558","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3558","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3609","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area v23a","standardAcronym":"v23a","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3609","cDefinition":"refers to the more rostral of two parts of area v23 in the human and the macaque. Defined on the basis of multiple criteria, it is located in the human in the isthmus of the cingulate gyrus between area 26 of the retrosplenial area and area v23b. In the macaque it is located similarly, except that the macaque has no area 26, so it directly abuts the splenium of the corpus callosum ( Vogt-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area v23a","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area v23","parentNeuroNamesId":"3578","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3578","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3610","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area v23b","standardAcronym":"v23b","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3610","cDefinition":"refers to the more caudal of two parts of area v23 in the human and the macaque. Defined on the basis of multiple criteria, it is located in the isthmus of the cingulate gyrus between area v23a and area v31. In the macaque it is located similarly, except that the macaque has no area v31 ( Vogt-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area v23b","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"area v23","parentNeuroNamesId":"3578","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3578","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3611","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"parietal cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3611","cDefinition":"refers to the set of cortical areas defined on the basis of internal structure that comprise the parietal lobe in the human and the macaque. Its boundaries are not precisely contiguous with those of the parietal lobe, which is defined on the basis of external sulcal landmarks.\r\n The parietal cortex has two major components: the anterior parietal cortex located in the postcentral gyrus and the posterior parietal cortex located caudal to the postcentral sulcus ( Caspers-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"parietal cortex","synonymSource":"Campbell-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"DeJong's the Neurologic Examination: Incorporating the Fundamentals of Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology","pubMedHits":"9014"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3612","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"temporal cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3612","cDefinition":"refers to the set of cortical areas defined on the basis of internal structure that comprise the temporal lobe in the human and the macaque. Its boundaries are not precisely contiguous with those of the temporal lobe, which is defined on the basis of external sulcal landmarks.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"temporal cortex","synonymSource":"Zilles-1990","synonymSourceTitle":"Cortex","pubMedHits":"5830"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3613","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"insular cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3613","cDefinition":"refers to the set of cortical areas defined on the basis of internal structure that comprise the insula in the human and the macaque. Its boundaries are not precisely contiguous with those of the insula, which is defined as a lobe on the basis of external sulcal landmarks.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"insular cortex","synonymSource":"Mai-1997","synonymSourceTitle":"Atlas of the Human Brain","pubMedHits":"2172"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3614","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"occipital cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3614","cDefinition":"refers to the set of cortical areas defined on the basis of internal structure that comprise the occipital lobe in the human and the macaque. Its boundaries are not precisely contiguous with those of the occipital lobe, which is defined on the basis of external sulcal landmarks.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"occipital cortex","synonymSource":"Zilles-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Architecture of the Cerebral Cortex","pubMedHits":"4109"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cerebral cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"39","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39","brainStructureType":"Volumetric Superstructure","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3615","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal tier dopaminergic cell group","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3615","cDefinition":"refers to one of two components of an alternate segmentation of the dopaminergic cell groups found in the ventral midbrain tegmentum of the human and macaque. It includes the dopaminergic cells of the A10 cell group in the ventral tegmental area, the A8 cell group in the retrorubral area, and the compact part of the A9 cell group in pars compacta of the substantia nigra. The other component is the ventral tier dopaminergic cell group. The cells of the dorsal tier are less affected in Parkinson's disease and less vulnerable to MPTP treatment than those of the ventral tier ( Haber-2012 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal tier dopaminergic cell group","synonymSource":"Haber-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"The Basal Ganglia","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"dorsal tier","synonymSource":"Haber-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"The Basal Ganglia","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3616","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventral tier dopaminergic cell group","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3616","cDefinition":"refers to one of two components of an alternate segmentation of the dopaminergic cell groups found in the ventral midbrain tegmentum of the human and macaque. It is composed of columns of dopaminergic cells of the A9 cell group, which are distributed in the pars reticulata of the substantia nigra. The other component is the dorsal tier dopaminergic cell group. The cells of the ventral tier are more reduced in Parkinson's disease and more vulnerable to MPTP treatment than those of the dorsal tier ( Haber-2012 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventral tier dopaminergic cell group","synonymSource":"Haber-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"The Basal Ganglia","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"ventral tier","synonymSource":"Haber-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"The Basal Ganglia","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3617","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"perisplenial region","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3617","cDefinition":"refers to the combination of two architectonically defined areas of the posterior cingulate gyrus in the human and the macaque, namely, posterior cingulate cortex and retrosplenial cortex. 'Retrosplenial region' was originally defined by Brodmann-1909 as the combination of area 29 and area 30, i.e., retrosplenial cortex. But in recent decades it has come to be used in clinical and imaging literatures to represent the combination of retrosplenial cortex and posterior cingulate cortex. 'Perisplenial region' was recommended in Vogt-2012 as a substitute for 'retrosplenial region' to avoid ambiguity in use of the term.\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"perisplenial region","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"retrosplenial cortex ","synonymSource":"Sulpizio-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"Role of the human retrosplenial cortex/parieto-occipital sulcus in perspective priming","pubMedHits":"849"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"retrosplenial complex","synonymSource":"Burles-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"Dorso-medial and ventro-lateral functional specialization of the human retrosplenial complex in spatial updating and orienting","pubMedHits":"46"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"retrosplenial region","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3620","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"obsolete medullary cone","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3620","cDefinition":"refers to a surface feature of the spinal cord in vertebrates identified by dissection. It extends from the lumbosacral enlargement to the terminal filament ( Swanson-2014 ). (replaced by ~1616 medullary cone, Swanson-2014)\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"medullary cone","synonymSource":"Swanson-2014","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomical Terminology: A Lexicon of Classical Origins and Historical Foundations","pubMedHits":"67"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Conus medullaris","synonymSource":"Swanson-2014","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomical Terminology: A Lexicon of Classical Origins and Historical Foundations","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3621","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"obsolete terminal filament","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3621","cDefinition":"refers to a strand of connective tissue identified by dissection in vertebrates. It extends from the end of the spinal cord to the coccyx of the vertebral column. Historically it was believed to be a nerve or intertwined pair of nerves, hence the obsolete synonym 'unpaired nerve' ( Swanson-2014 ).\r\nobsoleted because already in NeuroNames as Filum terminale...changed that to terminal filament","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"terminal filament","synonymSource":"Swanson-2014","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomical Terminology: A Lexicon of Classical Origins and Historical Foundations","pubMedHits":"65"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"unpaired nerve","synonymSource":"Swanson-2014","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomical Terminology: A Lexicon of Classical Origins and Historical Foundations","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Filum terminale","synonymSource":"Swanson-2014","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomical Terminology: A Lexicon of Classical Origins and Historical Foundations","pubMedHits":"762"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"Filamentum terminale","synonymSource":"Swanson-2014","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomical Terminology: A Lexicon of Classical Origins and Historical Foundations","pubMedHits":"0"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3622","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"tegmentum","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3622","cDefinition":"refers to a composite structure of midbrain tegmentum and pontine tegmentum, structures identified by dissection in humans ( Carpenter-1983 ) and macaques ( Martin-1997 ). Some authors use the term to refer specifically to the combination of midbrain tegmentum and pretectal region or to structures of comparable location elsewhere in the brainstem ( Swanson-2015 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"Unspecified","synonymName":"tegmentum","synonymSource":"Swanson-2014","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomical Terminology: A Lexicon of Classical Origins and Historical Foundations","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3624","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"supporting structures","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3624","cDefinition":"refers to a tissue or fluid that surround and provide internal support to the brain and spinal cord of vertebrates. They include primarily the meninges, the subarachnoid space, the cerebral ventricles, the choroid plexus, and the central canal of the medulla and spinal cord ( Swanson-2015 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"supporting structures","synonymSource":"Swanson-2015","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomical Terminology: A Lexicon of Classical Origins and Historical Foundtions","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"nervous system supporting structures","synonymSource":"Swanson-2015","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomical Terminology: A Lexicon of Classical Origins and Historical Foundtions","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"nervous system","parentNeuroNamesId":"3236","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3236","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Nervous System"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"3625","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"subarachnoid space","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3625","cDefinition":"refers to one of the supporting structures of the central nervous system. Traversed by thin fibrillar arachnoid trabeculae, it is the space filled with cerebrospinal fluid between the outer arachnoid and inner pia membranes ( Swanson-2015 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"subarachnoid space","synonymSource":"Swanson-2015","synonymSourceTitle":"Neuroanatomical Terminology: A Lexicon of Classical Origins and Historical Foundtions","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4627","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"ventral layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus","standardAcronym":"vLGB","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4627","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the lateral geniculate nucleus in the human. It includes layers 1 and 2 , which are composed of large cells (magnocellular laminae). The other part consists of the dorsal layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus; they include layers 3 - 6, which are composed of small cells (parvicellular laminae) ( Carpenter-1983 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nukleus badan genikulat lateral bagian ventral","synonymSource":"Noback-1975","synonymSourceTitle":"The Human Nervous System: Basic Principles of Neurobiology","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventral nucleus of the lateral geniculate body","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"ventral layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"lateral geniculate complex, ventral part","synonymSource":"Swanson-1992","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure Of The Rat Brain","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"lateral geniculate nucleus, ventral part","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"human","synonymName":"Nucleus corporis geniculati lateralis, pars ventralis","synonymSource":"Nomina-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Nomina Anatomica","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"Corpus geniculatum laterale, pars oralis","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Russian","organism":"human","synonymName":"ядро латерального коленчатого тела (вентральная часть)","synonymSource":"Baev-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Magnitno-Resonansnaia Tomografiia Golovnogo Mozga: Normal'naia Anatomiia","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4628","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"dorsal layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4628","cDefinition":"refers to one of two parts of the lateral geniculate nucleus in the human. It includes layers 3 to 6 , which are composed of small cells (parvicellular laminae). The other part consists of the ventral layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus, layers 1 and 2, which are composed of large cells (magnoicellular laminae) ( Carpenter-1983 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"Indonesian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nukleus badan genikulat lateral bagian dorsal","synonymSource":"Noback-1982","synonymSourceTitle":"Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Neurobiologi","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal nucleus of the lateral geniculate body","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1983","synonymSourceTitle":"Human Neuroanatomy","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"lateral geniculate complex, dorsal part","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"lateral geniculate nucleus, dorsal part","synonymSource":"Hof-2000","synonymSourceTitle":"Comparative Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the C57BL/6 and 129/Sv Mouse Brains","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Latin","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"Corpus geniculatum laterale, pars caudalis","synonymSource":"Shantha-1968","synonymSourceTitle":"A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Java Monkey Brain (Macaca irus)","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"Italian","organism":"human","synonymName":"nucleo dorsale del corpo genicolato laterale","synonymSource":"Carpenter-1995","synonymSourceTitle":"Fondamenti di Neuroanatomia","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4629","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area MST","standardAcronym":"MST","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4629","cDefinition":"refers to a functionally defined ( unit activity correlated with speed of motion ) cortical area located in the anterior bank of the superior temporal sulcus near the supramarginal gyrus in the macaque ( Duffy-1997 ). In the human it is located near the boundary between the temporal lobe and the occipital lobe ( Glasser-2016 ). In humans it is distinguished by multiple criteria, including dense myelination, functional connectivity, and involvement in perception of motion. It is part of the MT+ complex. Other authors have referred to the same topological area as overlapping area MSTv, hOC5, or hOC5v ( Glasser-2016 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"middle superior temporal area","synonymSource":"Ilg-2007","synonymSourceTitle":"Primate area MST-l is involved in the generation of goal-directed eye and hand movements.","pubMedHits":"17"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial superior temporal area","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"178"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"parcel 2","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"0"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area MST","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4630","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"MT+ complex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4630","cDefinition":"refers to a combination of structures defined by multiple criteria at the junction of the temporal lobe and occipital lobe in the human and the macaque. It includes four structures involved in motion detection: area MT, area MST, area V4t, and area FST ( Glasser-2016 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"MT+ complex","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4631","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area V6","standardAcronym":"V6","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4631","cDefinition":"refers to a functionally defined cortical area located on the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere, in the posterior (occipital bank) of the parieto-occipital sulcus of the human. In the macaque it is located in the anterior bank at the bottom of the sulcus. In both it is located between area V2 and area V6A. It is distinguished by multiple criteria, including dense myelination, functional connectivity, and involvement in working memory. It is part of dorsal stream visual cortex. Other authors have referred to the same topological area as 112 ( Glasser-2016; Fattori-2009 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area V6","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 112","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","synonymName":"sixth visual area","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4632","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area V2","standardAcronym":"V2","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4632","cDefinition":"refers to an area defined by multiple criteria in a belt around the occipital lobe that includes parts of the cuneus, the lingual gyrus and the middle occipital gyrus in humans and macaques. It is located largely between area V1 and area V3 in early visual cortex. It is distinguished from surrounding areas by cytoarchitecture, myelination, resting state functional activity, and absence of functional connectivity with the lateral geniculate nucleus. Other authors have referred to the same topological area as 18, hOC2, OB, or BA18 ( Glasser-2016 ).\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area V2","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"172"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"second visual area","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"58"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4633","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area V3","standardAcronym":"V3","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4633","cDefinition":"refers to a cortical structure defined by multiple criteria in the human and the macaque. It occupies a belt around the occipital lobe located largely between area V2 and area V4. A part of early visual cortex, it is distinguished from surrounding areas by myelination, thickness, visuotopic connectivity, and resting functional connectivity with area V1. Other authors have referred to the same topological area as V3d, V3v, VP, hOC3d, or hOC3v ( Glasser-2016 ).\r\n\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area V3","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"58"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"third visual area","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"18"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4634","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area V4","standardAcronym":"V4","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4634","cDefinition":"refers to an occipital lobe structure defined by multiple criteria in the human and the macaque.It surrounds most of area V3. A part of early visual cortex, it is distinguished from surrounding areas by myelination, thickness, resting functional connectivity and visuotopic connectivity. Other authors have referred to the same topological area as V4d, V4v, hV4, hOC4v, hOC4lp, or LO1 ( Glasser-2016 ).\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area V4","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"420"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"fourth visual area","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"7"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4635","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area V8","standardAcronym":"V8","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4635","cDefinition":"refers to a cortical structure located at the junction of the occipital lobe and temporal lobe on the inferior surface of the cerebral hemisphere of the human. Defined by multiple criteria, it is a part of the ventral stream visual cortex. It is distinguished from surrounding areas by thick myelination and visuotopic signs. Other authors have referred to the same topological area as VO1 ( Glasser-2016 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area V8","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"2"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"eighth visual area","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4636","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"early visual cortex","standardAcronym":"EVC","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4636","cDefinition":"refers to a region of visual cortex located in the occipital lobe and posterior areas of the parietal lobe and temporal lobe in the human and the macaque. Defined on the basis of multiple criteria it is, by functional connectivity, located between the regions of primary visual cortex (area V1) and intermediate visual cortex. It is composed of area V2, area V3, and area V4 ( Glasser-2016 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"early visual cortex","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"775"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4637","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"intermediate visual cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4637","cDefinition":"refers to a region of visual cortex located in the occipital lobe and posterior areas of the temporal lobe and parietal lobe in the human and the macaque. Defined on the basis of multiple criteria it includes the ventral stream cortex, dorsal stream cortex, and MT+ cortex ( Glasser-2016 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"intermediate visual cortex","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"5"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4638","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area V3CD","standardAcronym":"V3CD","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4638","cDefinition":"refers to a cortical structure located on the lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere at the junction of the occipital lobe and temporal lobe, between early visual cortex and the MT+ complex of the human. Defined by multiple criteria, it is a part of MT+ neighbors. Compared to adjacent areas, it is fMRI activated in a TOOL task, a RELATIONAL-MATCH contrast, WORKING MEMORY, RELATIONAL, EMOTION, and PLACE tasks. It is less activated in a BODY task and is variably activated or deactivated, depending on the comparison area, in a FACES-SHAPES contrast. Other authors have referred to the same topological area as V3A,V3B, or hOC4la ( Glasser-2016 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area V3CD","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4639","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area LO1","standardAcronym":"LO1","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4639","cDefinition":"refers to a cortical structure located on the lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere at the junction of the occipital lobe and temporal lobe, between early visual cortex and the MT+ complex of the human. Defined by multiple criteria, it is a part of MT+ neighbors. Other authors have referred to the same topological area as LO2 or hOC4la ( Glasser-2016 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area LO1","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area lateral occipital 1","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4640","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area LO2","standardAcronym":"LO2","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4640","cDefinition":"refers to a cortical structure located on the lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere at the junction of the occipital lobe and temporal lobe, between early visual cortex and the MT+ complex of the human. Defined by multiple criteria, it is a part of MT+ neighbors. Compared to adjacent areas, it is fMRI activated in a FACES-SHAPES contrast and a RELATIONAL task. It is less activated in a BODY task. Other authors have referred to the same topological area as LO1 or hOC4la ( Glasser-2016 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area LO2","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area lateral occipital 2","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4641","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area LO3","standardAcronym":"LO3","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4641","cDefinition":"refers to a cortical structure located on the lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere at the junction of the occipital lobe and temporal lobe, between early visual cortex and the MT+ complex of the human. Defined by multiple criteria, it is a part of MT+ neighbors. Compared to adjacent areas, it is less fMRI activated in a SOCIAL-RANDOM contrast and a TOOL task. It is deactivated in a RELATIONAL-MATCH contrast and in WORKING MEMORY, FACE and PLACE tasks. Other authors have referred to the same topological area as hOC4la ( Glasser-2016 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area LO3","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area lateral occipital 3","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4642","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area PH","standardAcronym":"PH","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4642","cDefinition":"refers to a cortical structure located on the lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere at the junction of the occipital lobe and temporal lobe, between vental stream visual cortex and the MT+ complex of the human. Defined by multiple criteria, it is a part of MT+ neighbors. Compared to adjacent areas, it is fMRI activated in TOOL and RELATIONAL tasks and deactivated in a FACE task ( Glasser-2016 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area PH","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4643","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"MT+ neighbors","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4643","cDefinition":"refers to a region of visual cortex located on the lateral aspect of the cerebral hemisphere at the junction of the occipital lobe and the temporal lobe in the human. Defined on the basis of multiple criteria it includes five areas adjacent to the MT+ complex: area V3CD, area LO1, area LO2, area LO3, and area PH ( Glasser-2016 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"MT+ neighbors","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4644","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"inferior parietal cortex","standardAcronym":"IPC","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4644","cDefinition":"refers to a cortical region located primarily in the inferior parietal lobule and surrounding the terminal ascending limb of the lateral fissure. It is lightly myelinated, moderately thick cortex, which includes some areas strongly associated with the task positive network and others with the default network. Like the lateral temporal cortex, it has expanded dramatically in humans relative to macaques and chimpanzees. It includes ten areas: area PGp, area PGs, area PGi, area PFm, area PF, area PFt, area PFop, area IP0, area IP1, and area IP2 ( Glasser-2016 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"inferior parietal cortex","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"885"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4645","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area PGp","standardAcronym":"PGp","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4645","cDefinition":"refers to a cortical structure located in inferior parietal cortex a region that is much expanded in humans relative to macaques and chimpanzees. It is bounded posteriorly and inferiorly by the MT+ complex and MT+ neighbors. Defined by multiple criteria, it is fMRI activated in PLACE, SOCIAL, and MOTOR CUE tasks and deactivated in a FACE task. Other authors have referred to the same topological area as PG or 39 ( Glasser-2016 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area PGp","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4646","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"task positive network","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4646","cDefinition":"refers to a combination of cortical areas that are prominently fMRI activated during cognitive tasks involving attention and/or working memory. It and the default network are both activated under resting, no-task conditions. Rhythmic fluctuation of activity, periodic on a 2 to 3 sec time base, is anticorrelated between the two networks ( Fox-2005 ). The task positive network includes area PF, area PHT, area 23c and area 46 ( Supplementary Methods 5.4 to Glasser-2016 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"task positive network","synonymSource":"Fox-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"The human brain is intrinsically organized into dynamic, anticorrelated functional networks\r\n","pubMedHits":"2138"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4647","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"default network","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4647","cDefinition":"refers to a combination of cortical areas where fMRI activity is anti-correlated with activity in areas of the task positive network ( Fox-2005 ).. Also known as the 'task negative network', it includes area PGi, area PGs, area TE1a, area 7m, area v23ab, area10r and area 10v ( Glasser-2016 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"task negative network","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"1911"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"default mode network","synonymSource":"Fox-2005","synonymSourceTitle":"The human brain is intrinsically organized into dynamic, anticorrelated functional networks\r\n","pubMedHits":"5572"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"default network","synonymSource":"Andrews-2010","synonymSourceTitle":"Functional-Anatomic Fractionation of the Brain’s Default Network","pubMedHits":"11106"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4648","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area PGs","standardAcronym":"PGs","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4648","cDefinition":"refers to a cortical structure located in the posterior half of inferior parietal cortex, a region that is much expanded in humans relative to macaques and chimpanzees. It is bounded rostrally by area PFm, caudally by area PGp, dorsally by area IP1, and ventrally by area PGi. Defined by multiple criteria, it is a major node in the default network. Other authors have referred to the same topological area as PGa, 39, PG, or 90 ( Glasser-2016 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area PGs","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area PGa","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 39","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area PG","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 90","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4649","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area PGi","standardAcronym":"PGi","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4649","cDefinition":"refers to a cortical structure located in the posterior half of inferior parietal cortex, a region that is much expanded in humans relative to macaques and chimpanzees. It is bounded dorsally by area PGs, rostrally, ventrally and caudally (right) by areas of the temporo-parieto-occipital junction. On the left it is bounded caudally by area PGs. Defined by multiple criteria, it is a major node in the default network. It is fMRI activated in FACE-AVG, LANGUAGE STORY, and STORY-MATH tasks. Other authors have referred to the same topological area as PGa, 39, PG, or 90 ( Glasser-2016 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area PGi","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area PGa","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 39","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area PG","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 90","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4650","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area PFm","standardAcronym":"PFm","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4650","cDefinition":"refers to a cortical structure located in the center of inferior parietal cortex, a region that is much expanded relative to macaques and chimpanzees. It is bounded dorsally by area IP2, caudally by area PGs and area PGi, and rostroventrally by area PF and areas of the temporo-parieto-occipital junction. Defined by multiple criteria, it is transitional between nodes of the default network and the default network. It is fMRI-activated in working memory, MOTOR CUE-AVG, and GAMBLING tasks. It is relatively deactivated in a STORY-MATH task. Other authors have referred to the same topological area as 40 or 89 and 90 of the Vogts ( Glasser-2016 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area PFm","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area PFm complex","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"89 and 90","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","synonymName":"40","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4651","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area PF","standardAcronym":"PF","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4651","cDefinition":"refers to a cortical structure located in the anterior half of inferior parietal cortex, a region that is much expanded in humans relative to macaques and chimpanzees. It is bounded dorsally by area PFt, caudally by area PFm, rostrally by area PFop, and ventrally by area PFcm. Defined by multiple criteria, it is a major node in the task positive network. It is fMRI-activated in MOTOR CUE and SOCIAL TOM tasks. It is relatively deactivated in a STORY-MATH task. Other authors have referred to the same topological area as 40 or 72 and 88 of the Vogts ( Glasser-2016 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area PF","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area PF complex","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 40","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"40","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4652","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area PFt","standardAcronym":"PFt","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4652","cDefinition":"refers to a cortical structure located in the anterior half of inferior parietal cortex, a region much expanded in humans relative to macaques and chimpanzees. It is bounded dorsally by area 2, caudally by area AIP, rostrally by area 1, and ventrally by area PF and area PFop. Defined by multiple criteria, it is fMRI-activated in EMOTION and SOCIAL tasks. It is deactivated in a LANGUAGE task and more deactivated in a FACES task. Other authors have referred to the same topological area as 72 and 88 of the Vogts ( Glasser-2016 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area PFt","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4653","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area PFop","standardAcronym":"PFop","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4653","cDefinition":"refers to the most rostral area of inferior parietal cortex, a region that is much expanded in humans relative to macaques and chimpanzees. It is bounded dorsally by area PFt, caudally by area PF, rostrally by area 1, and ventrally by area OP4. Defined by multiple criteria, it is fMRI-activated in EMOTION and SOCIAL tasks. It is deactivated in a LANGUAGE task and more deactivated in a FACES task. Other authors have referred to the same topological area as 40 or 72 and 88 of the Vogts ( Glasser-2016 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area PFop","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area PF opercular","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"72 and 88","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4654","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area IP0","standardAcronym":"IP0","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4654","cDefinition":"refers to the most caudal of three areas, IP0, IP1, and IP2, on the dorsal margin of inferior parietal cortex, a region that is much expanded in humans relative to macaques and chimpanzees. Located in the lateral bank of the posterior intraparietal sulcus, it is bounded dorsally by area IPS1 and area V3B, ventrally by area PGp, caudally by area V3CD and rostrally by area IP1. Defined by multiple criteria, it is fMRI-activated and deactivated relative to neighboring areas in FACES, RELATIONAL, PLACE, AND LANGUAGE tasks ( Glasser-2016 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area IP0","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area intraparietal 0","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4655","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area IP1","standardAcronym":"IP1","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4655","cDefinition":"refers to the central of three areas, IP0, IP1, and IP2, on the dorsal margin of inferior parietal cortex, a region that is much expanded in humans relative to macaques and chimpanzees. Located in the lateral bank of the posterior intraparietal sulcus, it is bounded dorsally by area MIP, ventrally by area PGs, caudally by area IP0 and rostrally by area IP2. Defined by multiple criteria, it is fMRI-activated or deactivated in MOTOR CUE, LANGUAGE, STORY, RELATIONAL and FACES tasks ( Glasser-2016 )","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area IP1","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area intraparietal 1","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4656","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area IP2","standardAcronym":"IP2","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4656","cDefinition":"refers to the the most rostral of three areas, IP0, IP1, and IP2, on the dorsal margin of inferior parietal cortex, a region that is much expanded in humans relative to macaques and chimpanzees. Located in the lateral bank of the posterior intraparietal sulcus, it is bounded dorsally by area AIP and area LIPd, ventrally by area PFm, caudally by area IP1 and rostrally by area PF. Defined by multiple criteria, it is fMRI-activated or deactivated in MOTOR CUE and FACES tasks ( Glasser-2016 )","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area IP2","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4657","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterior cingulate cortex","standardAcronym":"PCC","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4657","cDefinition":"refers to a set of 14 cortical areas located in the posterior cingulate gyrus, isthmus of the cingulate gyrus and precuneus of the human. It differs from posterior cingulate cortex in that, rostrally it includes part of area p24, and caudally it includes parts of precuneus extending to the intraparietal sulcus: area 7m and four areas transitional to early visual cortex: areas POS1, POS2, ProS and DVT. Identified by multiple criteria, the areas are grouped primarily on the basis of anatomical proximity. They include area DVT, area ProS, area POS1, area POS2, area RSC, area v23ab, area d23ab, area 31pv, area 31pd, area 31a, area 23d, area 23c, area PCV, and area 7m ( Glasser-2016 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior cingulate cortex","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4658","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area DVT","standardAcronym":"DVT","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4658","cDefinition":"refers to one of the more caudal of four areas in the anterior bank of the parieto-occipital sulcus, on the medial surface of the hemisphere, that are transitional between early visual cortex and posterior cingulate association cortex. The others are area ProS, area POS1 and area POS2. DVT is bounded caudally by early visual cortex, dorsally by higher dorsal stream visual cortex, rostrally by areas POS1 and POS2, and ventrally by area ProS. It is transitional in the sense that it shares architectural features with areas more rostral and functional features similar to areas more caudal. Defined in the human by multiple criteria, it is fMRI-activated in PLACE, EMOTION, FACES, and SOCIAL tasks. It is somewhat deactivated in LANGUAGE, STORY and THEORY OF MIND tasks ( Glasser-2016 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area DVT","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal visual transitional area","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"dorsal visual transitional cortex","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4659","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area ProS","standardAcronym":"ProS","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4659","cDefinition":"refers to one of the more caudal of four areas in the anterior bank of the parieto-occipital sulcus, on the medial surface of the hemisphere, that are transitional between early visual cortex and posterior cingulate association cortex. The others are area DVT, area POS1 and area POS2. ProS is bounded caudally by early visual cortex, dorsally by area DVT, rostrally by area POS1, and ventrally by area V2. It is transitional in the sense that it shares architectural features with areas more rostral and functional features similar to areas more caudal. Defined in the human by multiple criteria, it is fMRI-activated in WORKING MEMORY and RELATIONAL tasks...activated or somewhat deactivated in a FACES task depending on the neighboring area with which it is compared ( Glasser-2016 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area ProS","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"pro-striate cortex","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"prostriate area","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"prostriate cortex","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4660","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area POS1","standardAcronym":"POS1","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4660","cDefinition":"refers to one of the more rostral of four areas in the anterior bank of the parieto-occipital sulcus, on the medial surface of the hemisphere, that are transitional between early visual cortex and posterior cingulate association cortex. The others are area DVT, area ProS, and area POS2. Commonly misidentified as a component of retrosplenial cortex, POS1 is bounded caudally by area DVT and area ProS, dorsally by area POS2, rostrally by area RSC, area v23ab and area 7m. It is transitional in the sense that it shares architectural features with areas more rostral and functional features similar to areas more caudal. Defined in the human by multiple criteria, it is involved in the performance of an extensive number of tasks. It is fMRI-activated in PLACE and somewhat activated in MOTOR CUE tasks and deactivated in WORKING MEMORY, BODY, FACES, LANGUAGE, STORY and RELATIONAL tasks ( Glasser-2016 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area POS1","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"parieto-occipital sulcus area 1","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4661","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area POS2","standardAcronym":"POS2","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4661","cDefinition":"refers to one of the more rostral of four areas on the medial surface of the hemisphere, in the anterior bankof the parieto-occipital sulcus. that are transitional between early visual cortex and posterior cingulate association cortex. The others are area DVT, area ProS, and area POS1. POS2 is bounded caudally by area DVT, dorsally by area 7PL, rostrally by area 7m, and ventrally by area POS1. It is transitional in the sense that it shares architectural features with areas more rostral and functional features similar to areas more caudal. It has strong functional connectivity with area RSC. Defined in the human by multiple criteria, it is involved in the performance of an extensive number of tasks. It is fMRI-activated in MOTOR CUE, BODY and FACE tasks, and is deactivated in PLACE, FACES, LANGUAGE, MATH, STORY, and THEORY OF MIND tasks, ( Glasser-2016 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area POS2","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"parieto-occipital sulcus area 2","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4662","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"retrosplenial complex of Glasser","standardAcronym":"","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4662","cDefinition":""},{"neuroNamesID":"4663","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area v23ab","standardAcronym":"v23ab","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4663","cDefinition":"refers to a part of posterior cingulate cortex located in the posterior cingulate gyrus and isthmus of the cingulate gyrus. It is separated from the splenium of the corpus callosum by retrosplenial cortex and bounded caudally by area POS1, dorsally by area 7m and area 31pd, and rostrally by area 31pv and area d23ab. It is considered equivalent to the sum of area v23a and area v23b of Vogt-2009. Defined in the human by multiple criteria, it is somewhat fMRI-activated in a STORY task and deactivated in RELATIONAL and FACES tasks. Other authors have referred to overlapping parts of the same topological area as 23a, 23b, and v23 ( Glasser-2016 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area v23ab","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area ventral 23 a+b","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4664","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area d23ab","standardAcronym":"d23ab","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4664","cDefinition":"refers to a part of posterior cingulate cortex located caudally in the posterior cingulate gyrus. It is separated from the corpus callosum by retrosplenial cortex and bounded caudally by area v23ab, dorsally by area 31pv and rostrally by area 23d. It is considered equivalent to the sum of area d23a and area d23b of Vogt-2009. Defined in the human by multiple criteria, it is fMRI-deactivated in a WORKING MEMORY task and somewhat deactivated in FACES, STORY, and THEORY OF MIND tasks. Other authors have referred to overlapping parts of the same topological area as 23a, 23b, and d23 ( Glasser-2016 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area d23ab","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area dorsal 23 a+b","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4665","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 31pv","standardAcronym":"31pv","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4665","cDefinition":"refers to a part of posterior cingulate cortex located caudally in the posterior cingulate gyrus. It is bounded caudally by area v23ab, dorsally by area 31pd, and rostrally by area 31a and ventrally by area d23ab. It is considered one of three parts of area 31 of Vogt-2009. The others are area 31pd and area 31a. Defined in the human by multiple criteria, it is fMRI-activated in BODY, FACE and STORY tasks. It is deactivated in PLACE and THEORY OF MIND tasks. Other authors have referred to overlapping parts of the same topological area as 31, 31d and 31v ( Glasser-2016 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 31pv","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 31p ventral","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4666","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 31pd","standardAcronym":"31pd","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4666","cDefinition":"refers to a part of posterior cingulate cortex located caudally in the posterior cingulate gyrus. It is bounded caudally by area 7m, dorsally by area PCV, rostrally by area 31a and ventrally by area v23ab and area 31pv. It is considered one of three parts of area 31 of Vogt-2009. The others are area 31pv and area 31a. Defined in the human by multiple criteria, it is fMRI-activated in BODY, FACE and STORY tasks. It is deactivated in PLACE and LANGUAGE tasks. Other authors have referred to overlapping parts of the same topological area as 31, 31d and 31v ( Glasser-2016 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 31pd","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4667","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 31a","standardAcronym":"31a","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4667","cDefinition":"refers to a part of posterior cingulate cortex located caudally in the posterior cingulate gyrus. It is bounded caudally by area 31pd, dorsally by area 23c, rostrally by area 23d and ventrally by area 31pv. It is considered one of three parts of area 31 of Vogt-2009. The others are area 31pv and area 31pd. Defined in the human by multiple criteria, it is fMRI-activated in BODY, FACES, PLACE, and THEORY OF MIND tasks. It is deactivated in FACE and LANGUAGE tasks. Other authors have referred to overlapping parts of the same topological area as 31, 31d and 31v ( Glasser-2016 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 31a","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4668","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 23d","standardAcronym":"23d","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4668","cDefinition":"refers to a part of posterior cingulate cortex located in the posterior cingulate gyrus. It is bounded caudally by area 31a and area d23ab, dorsally by area 23c, rostrally by area p24pr and ventrally by retrosplenial cortex. Defined in the human by multiple criteria, it is fMRI-activated in SOCIAL and CUE tasks. It is deactivated in TOOL, FACES, and THEORY OF MIND tasks. It is more activated or deactivated in LANGUAGE tasks depending on the task with which it is compared ( Glasser-2016 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 23d","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4669","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 23c","standardAcronym":"23c","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4669","cDefinition":"refers to a part of posterior cingulate cortex located in the posterior cingulate gyrus. It is bounded caudally by area PCV, dorsally by area 5mv, area 24dd and area 24dv, and ventrally by area 31a, area 23d and area p24pr. The structures dorsal to it belong to the task positive network; those ventral to it belong to the default network. Defined in the human by multiple criteria, it shows no distinctive pattern of task-dependent fMRI activation or deactivation relative to surrounding structures ( Glasser-2016 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 23c","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4670","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area PCV","standardAcronym":"PCV","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4670","cDefinition":"refers to a part of posterior cingulate cortex located in the posterior cingulate gyrus. It is bounded caudally by area 7Pm and area 7m, dorsally by area 7Am, rostrally by area 23c and area 31a, and ventrally by area 31pd. Defined in the human by multiple criteria, it is fMRI-activated in EMOTION, FACE, FACES, STORY, and PLACE tasks. Other authors have referred to the same topological area as PrCu ( Glasser-2016 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area PCV","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"precuneus visual area","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4671","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 7m","standardAcronym":"7m","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4671","cDefinition":"refers to a part of posterior cingulate cortex located in the posterior cingulate gyrus. It is bounded caudally by area POS2, dorsally by area 7Pm, rostrally by area PCV and area 31pd, and ventrally by area POS1 and area v23ab. Defined in the human by multiple criteria, it is fMRI-activated in WORKING MEMORY, STORY, RELATIONAL, FACE, FACES, EMOTION, AND THEORY OF MIND tasks. It is deactivated in a PLACE task. It can be activated or deactivated in LANGUAGE tasks depending on the other task with which it is compared ( Glasser-2016 ). ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 7m","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4672","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 8BM","standardAcronym":"8BM","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4672","cDefinition":"refers to the more caudal of two parts of dorsomedial prefrontal cortex in the human ( Bzdok-2011 ). The other is area 9m. Located on the medial surface of the superior frontal gyrus, it is a spindle-shaped area bounded dorsally by dorsolateral prefrontal cortex: area SFL, area 8BL and area 9m, and ventrally by anterior cingulate cortex: area SCEF, area a32pr, and area d32. Defined in the human by multiple criteria, it is fMRI-activated in MOTOR CUE, WORKING MEMORY, MATH, LANGUAGE MATH, and RELATIONAL tasks. It is deactivated in a THEORY OF MIND task. Other authors have referred to an overlapping part of the same topological area as 8B ( Glasser-2016 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 8BM","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4673","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 10v","standardAcronym":"10v","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4673","cDefinition":"refers to the more ventral of two parts of ventromedial prefrontal cortex in the human ( Bzdok-2011 ). The other is area 10r. A narrow strip of cortex, it is located on the medial surface along the margin of the medial orbital gyrus. It is bounded dorsally by the other component, area 10r, anterolaterally by area 10pp, inferolaterally by area OFC, and posteriorly by anterior cingulate cortex, area 25. Defined in the human by multiple criteria, it is fMRI-activated in FACES, LANGUAGE MATH, and THEORY OF MIND tasks. It is deactivated in a MATH task. Other authors have referred to overlapping parts of the same topological area as 10 and Fp1 ( Glasser-2016 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 10v","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4674","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"","standardAcronym":"","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4674","cDefinition":"","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 10r","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4675","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 33pr","standardAcronym":"33pr","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4675","cDefinition":"refers to a very thin, narrow strip of midcingulate cortex located ventrally, adjacent to the body of the corpus callosum in the caudal half of the anterior cingulate gyrus. It is bounded dorsally by area a24pr and p24pr, caudally by area RSC and rostrally by area p24. It is topologically equivalent to the combination of area a33' and area p33' as defined by microscopic internal structure ( Vogt-2012, Glasser-2016 ). Defined in the human by multiple criteria, it is fMRI-activated in MATH and THEORY OF MIND tasks. It is deactivated in LANGUAGE and LANGUAGE STORY tasks. Other authors have referred to overlapping parts of the same topological area as 33' and 16 ( Glasser-2016 ). It has no equivalent in the macaque, the rat or the mouse ( Vogt-2016 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 33pr","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"33'","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 33 prime","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4676","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"anterior cingulate cortex","standardAcronym":"ACC","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4676","cDefinition":"refers to one of four parts of the cingulate cortex in the human and the macaque and one of three parts in the rat and mouse ( Vogt-2013 ). It is confusingly, but not uncommonly, equated with the anterior cingulate gyrus, which is defined by dissection ( Carpenter-1983 ) and which contains the midcingulate cortex as well ( Vogt-2012 ). In all species, it is an area of agranular cortex defined on the basis of multiple criteria including internal structure, connectivity, and function ( Vogt-2013 )..\r\nThe other parts of cingulate cortex in the primate are the midcingulate cortex, the posterior cingulate cortex, and the retrosplenial cortex. The composition is the same in the rodent, except that the rodent lacks posterior cingulate cortex ( Vogt-2013 ).\r\nIn the human the anterior cingulate cortex is located rostrally in the anterior cingulate gyrus and the subcallosal gyrus of the limbic lobe as well as adjacent parts of the frontal lobe: the superior frontopolar gyrus and the superior rostral gyrus. Its location in the macaque is similar, except that the macaque has no superior frontopolar gyrus or superior rostral gyrus. The rat and mouse have no sulcal landmarks by which to judge its location.\r\nIn humans it is composed of eight areas organized in concentric arcs around the genu of corpus callosum. Listed in radial order from caudal to rostral and from ventral to dorsal, they are firstly, area 33o immediately adjacent to the corpus callosum; secondly, area 25, area s24ab, area p24ab, and area 24c, and thirdly, area s32, area p32 and area d32. \r\nIn the macaque it is similar except that it is rotated dorsally to a position more rostral to the genu; s24ab and p24ab are combined in a single area 24ab; and the macaque lacks areas 33o and d32.\r\nIn the rat it is rotated to an even more dorsal position relative to the genu; it is composed of the inner area 33o, a second arc of area 25 and area 24a, and a tertiary arc composed of area s32 (named v32 in the rodent} and p32 (named d32 in the rodent) and area 24b ( Vogt-2013 ).. The mouse is the same as the rat, except that, like the macaque, it lacks an area 33o ( Vogt-2013 ).\r\nIn a different organizational scheme, the same areas are grouped as subgenual anterior cingulate cortex and pregenual anterior cingulate cortex ( Vogt 2012; Vogt-2013 ).\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior cingulate cortex","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial prefrontal cortex of Ongur","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial prefrontal cortex","synonymSource":"Ongur-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the human orbital and medial prefrontal cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"medial prefrontal cortex (macaque)","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"medial prefrontal cortex of Carmichael","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"medial prefrontal cortex (human)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}],"parents":[{"parentStandardName":"cingulate cortex","parentNeuroNamesId":"3535","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3535","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","modelName":"Topographic Model of Human Cerebral Cortex","modelStatus":"Show"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4677","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"occipital place area","standardAcronym":"OPA","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4677","cDefinition":"refers to a functionally defined area near the transverse occipital sulcus on the dorsolateral aspect of the occipital lobe in humans. Identified by fMRI activation in individuals performing a task that involves viewing and describing a scene showing both boundary information, like walls of a room, and objects in the scene ( Kamps-2016 )","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"occipital place area","synonymSource":"Kamps-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"The occipital place area represents the local elements of scenes\r\n","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4678","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area p24pr","standardAcronym":"p24pr","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4678","cDefinition":"refers to a narrow strip of posterior midcingulate cortex in the caudal half of the anterior cingulate gyrus of the human. It is bounded ventrally by area 33pr and area 23d, dorsally by area 23c and area 24d, and rostrally by area a24pr. Defined in the human by multiple criteria, it is fMRI-activated in MOTOR CUE and SOCIAL RANDOM tasks. It is deactivated in FINGER TAP, TONGUE MOVE AND LANGUAGE STORY tasks. Other authors have referred to overlapping parts of the same topological area as p24' ( Glasser-2016 ). The macaque has an equivalent area p24', which has two parts: p24a' and area p24b'. The rat and mouse have an area 24a' and area 24b', which are not subdivided into a- and b-parts ( Vogt-2016 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area p24pr","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area p24'","synonymSource":"Vogt-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"Midcingulate cortex: Structure, connections, homologies\r\nfunctions and diseases","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4679","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area a24pr","standardAcronym":"a24pr","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4679","cDefinition":"refers to a narrow strip of anterior midcingulate cortex in the caudal half of the anterior cingulate gyrus of the human. It is bounded ventrally by area 33pr, dorsally by area p32pr, caudally by area p24pr and rostrally by area p24. Defined in the human by multiple criteria, it is fMRI-activated in MOTOR, MOTOR CUE and, in comparison to some other areas, LANGUAGE STORY tasks. It is deactivated in LANGUAGE MATH, RELATIONAL-MATCH, SOCIAL RANDOM, and in comparison with some other areas, LANGUAGE STORY tasks. Other authors have referred to overlapping parts of the same topological area as p24' ( Glasser-2016 ). The macaque has an equivalent area a24', which has two parts: a24a' and area a24b'. The rat and mouse have an area 24a' and area 24b', which are not subdivided into a- and b-parts ( Vogt-2016 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area a24pr","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"anterior 24'","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area a24'","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4680","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area p24","standardAcronym":"p24","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4680","cDefinition":"refers to a narrow strip of anterior cingulate cortex located adjacent to the upper surface of the genu of the corpus callosum ( Vogt-2012 ). It is bounded caudally by area a24pr, rostrally by area a32pr and area d32, and ventrally by area a24. Defined in the human by multiple criteria, it is fMRI-activated in MOTOR CUE, LANGUAGE MATH-STORY and WORKING MEMORY tasks. It is deactivated in LANGUAGE MATH, RELATIONAL-MATCH and SOCIAL RANDOM tasks. Other authors have referred to overlapping parts of the same topological area as 24 and 24b ( Glasser-2016 ). The macaque has an equivalent area 24b ( Vogt-2012 ). Equivalents in the rat and mouse may be present in the anterior cingulate area of the rodent ( Swanson-2004 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area p24","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 24b","synonymSource":"Vogt-2013","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate area 32 homologies in mouse, rat, macaque and human: Cytoarchitecture and receptor architecture","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 24","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area posterior 24","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area p24ab","synonymSource":"Vogt-2013","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate area 32 homologies in mouse, rat, macaque and human: Cytoarchitecture and receptor architecture","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 24ab","synonymSource":"Vogt-2013","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate area 32 homologies in mouse, rat, macaque and human: Cytoarchitecture and receptor architecture","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4681","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area a24","standardAcronym":"a24","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4681","cDefinition":"refers to a narrow strip of anterior cingulate cortex located adjacent to the genu of the corpus callosum and rostrum of the corpus callosum ( Glasser-2016; Vogt-2012 ). In the human it is bounded dorsocaudally by area p24, dorsally by area d32 and area 9m, rostroventrally by area p32, rostroventrally by area s32 and ventrocaudally by area 25 ( Glasser-2016 ). Defined in the human by multiple criteria, it is fMRI-deactivated in LANGUAGE STORY, THEORY OF MIND and FACES tasks. It has two parts, a more caudal area 24a in the rostral wall of the callosal sulcus and area 24b, which lies parallel to 24a on the surface of the subcallosal gyrus and anterior cingulate gyrus ( Vogt-2012 ). In another parcellation scheme, it is divided into ventral and dorsal parts, s24ab and p24ab respectively ( Vogt-2013 ). \r\nIn the macaque it has ventral and dorsal parts area 24a and area 24b respectively. \r\nThe rat and mouse have an area 24a and area 24b equivalent to the macaque areas, except that they are located in the anterior cingulate area posterior to area 32o and dorsal to the genu of the corpus callosum ( Vogt-2013 ). \r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area a24","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 24a","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"anterior cingulate area","synonymSource":"Swanson-2004","synonymSourceTitle":"Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain.","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 24","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area s24ab","synonymSource":"Vogt-2013","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate area 32 homologies in mouse, rat, macaque and human: Cytoarchitecture and receptor architecture","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 24ab","synonymSource":"Vogt-2013","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate area 32 homologies in mouse, rat, macaque and human: Cytoarchitecture and receptor architecture","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4682","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area a32pr","standardAcronym":"a32pr","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4682","cDefinition":"refers to a narrow strip of anterior midcingulate cortex located largely in the external cingulate gyrus ( Vogt-2012 ). Defined in the human by multiple criteria ( Glasser-2016 ), It is bounded rostrally by area d32, caudally by area p32pr, ventrally by area a24pr and area p24, and dorsally by area 8BM. It is fMRI-activated in MOTOR CUE, CUE-AVG, WORKING MEMORY, SOCIAL and RELATIONAL tasks. It has no architectonic equivalent in the macaque, the rat or the mouse ( Vogt-2016 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area anterior 32 prime","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area a32pr","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area anterior 32 prime","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4683","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area p32pr","standardAcronym":"p32pr","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4683","cDefinition":"refers to a narrow strip of anterior midcingulate cortex located largely in the external cingulate gyrus ( Vogt-2012 ). Defined by multiple criteria ( Glasser-2016 ), it is bounded rostrally by area a32pr, caudally by area 24dv, ventrally by area a24pr and dorsally by area SCEF. It is fMRI-activated in MOTOR CUE, MOTOR-AVG primary contrasts and RELATIONAL REL-MATCH contrast tasks. It has no architectonic equivalent in the macaque, the rat or the mouse.","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area p32 prime","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area p32 pr","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4684","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 47s","standardAcronym":"47s","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4684","cDefinition":"refers to a narrow strip of orbital prefrontal cortex located caudally in the lateral orbital gyrus. Located in proximity to the lateral orbital sulcus (hence 's' in the acronym), it is bounded rostrally by area 47l and area 47m, laterally by area AAIC and area AVI, caudally by area Pir and area pOFC, and medially by area 13l. Defined in the human by multiple criteria, it is fMRI-activated in LANGUAGE-STORY, STORY-MATH, THEORY OF MIND-RANDOM, and FACES-SHAPES contrast tasks ( Glasser-2016 ).\r\nIts equivalent in the macaque is often referred to as area 12o. An identifying feature is a sparsity of myelination. Other features that distinguish it from some adjacent areas are a weakly stained internal granular layer (IV) and lack of sublamination of the internal pyramidal layer (V) ( Carmichael-1994 ). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no architectonic equivalent in the the rat ( Wallis-2012 )..","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 47s","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 47/12s","synonymSource":"Ongur-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the human orbital and medial prefrontal cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 12o","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 12o (macaque)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4685","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 47m","standardAcronym":"47m","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4685","cDefinition":"refers to a small oval area of orbital prefrontal cortex in the lateral orbital gyrus between area 47s caudally and area a47r rostrally. It is bounded medially by area 13l and laterally by area 47l. Defined in the human by multiple criteria, it is fMRI-activated in LANGUAGE-STORY, STORY-MATH, THEORY OF MIND-RANDOM, and FACES-SHAPES contrast tasks ( Glasser-2016 ).\r\nIt is present in the macaque, where it is commonly referred to as area12m ( Ongur-2003 ). A significant structural feature of the area in the macaque is the small number of vertical fiber bundles. Other features that distinguish it from some adjacent areas are a dense horizontal plexus of fibers in the internal granular layer (IV) and a light inner band in the internal pyramidal layer (V). All are features revealed by myelin stain ( Carmichael-1994 ).\r\nAs granular prefrontal cortex, It has no architectonic equivalent in the the rat ( Wallis-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 47m","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 12m","synonymSource":"Ongur-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the human orbital and medial prefrontal cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"medial area 12","synonymSource":"Carmichael-1994","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 12m (macaque)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4686","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area a47r","standardAcronym":"a47r","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4686","cDefinition":"refers to a small oblong area at the anterolateral margin of orbital prefrontal cortex. Located in the lateral orbital gyrus, it borders area 47m caudally and area 11l and area a10p medially. Its lateral border on the margin of the gyrus is formed by area 47l caudally and area p47r rostrally. Defined in the human by multiple criteria, it is fMRI-activated in LANGUAGE STORY-MATH, THEORY OF MIND-RANDOM, FACES-SHAPES, GAMBLING and RELATIONAL-MATCH contrast tasks. It is deactivated in LANGUAGE STORY, STORY-MATH and MOTOR CUE contrast tasks. Unlike most cortical areas, its activation/deactivation patterns with many tasks is different in the left and right hemispheres. Other authors have referred to a heavily overlapping area as 47r ( Glasser-2016 ).\r\nIn the macaque, area 47r is not subdivided into anterior and posterior parts, and it is commonly referred to as area12r ( Ongur-2003 ) or as area 47/12r ( Petrides-2012 ).. As granular prefrontal cortex, It has no architectonic equivalent in the the rat ( Wallis-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area a47r","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4687","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area a10p","standardAcronym":"a10p","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4687","cDefinition":"refers to a small rectangular field at the anterolateral margin of orbital prefrontal cortex of the human. Located in the frontopolar region, it borders area 11l and area a47r caudally and area 10pp medially. Its lateral border. which lies at the cortical margin, is formed by area a9-46v, and its rostral border is with area p10p. Defined by multiple criteria, it is fMRI-activated in GAMBLING tasks and, in the left hemisphere only, it is activated in RELATIONAL contrast tasks and deactivated in LANGUAGE STORY-MATH contrast tasks. It greatly overlaps areas referred to by other authors as 10p, 10 and Fp1 ( Glasser-2016 ).\r\nThe equivalent area in the macaque is commonly referred to as 10o ( Ongur-2003 ). As granular prefrontal cortex, It has no architectonic equivalent in the the rat ( Wallis-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area anterior 10p","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area a10p","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4688","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area p10p","standardAcronym":"p10p","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4688","cDefinition":"refers to a small triangular field at the frontopolar margin of orbital prefrontal cortex of the human. It borders area 10d medially, area a10p laterally and area 9-46d at the margin rostrally. Defined by multiple criteria, it is fMRI-activated in MOTOR CUE and WORKING MEMORY tasks and deactivated in LANGUAGE STORY-MATH, GAMBLING, EMOTION and MOTOR AVG contrast tasks. It greatly overlaps areas referred to by other authors as 10p, 10 and Fp1 ( Glasser-2016 ).\r\n The equivalent area in the macaque is commonly referred to as 10o ( Ongur-2003 ). As granular prefrontal cortex, It has no architectonic equivalent in the the rat ( Wallis-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area p10p","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area posterior 10p","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4689","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 10pp","standardAcronym":"10pp","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4689","cDefinition":"refers to a small rectangular field located in the middle off orbital prefrontal cortex of the human. It borders area 10r medially, area 10d rostrally, and area OFC caudally. Its lateral border is with area 11l caudally and area a10p rostrally. Defined by multiple criteria, it is fMRI-activated in WORKING MEMORY, LANGUAGE STORY-MATH, THEORY OF MIND, and FACES-SHAPES contrast tasks. It greatly overlaps areas referred to by other authors as 10p, 10 and Fp1 ( Glasser-2016 ).\r\nIt has no equivalent in the macaque ( Ongur-2003 ) or the rat ( Wallis-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 10pp","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"polar 10p","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4690","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 10d","standardAcronym":"10d","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4690","cDefinition":"refers to a small rectangular field located on the medial margin of the vertical face of frontopolar cortex in the human. On the medial surface of the frontal lobe it borders area 9m and area p32 caudally, area 9a dorsally. and its ventral border is with area 10r and area 10v. Laterally it borders area p10p. On the orbital surface it borders area 10pp caudally. Defined by multiple criteria, it is fMRI-deactivated in GAMBLING contrast tasks. It greatly overlaps areas referred to by other authors as 10, Fp1 and Fp2 ( Glasser-2016 ). \r\n In the macaque, area 10 is divided into area 10o on the orbital surface and area 10m on the medial and rostral, polar surface. Topologically, the human 10d corresponds to the rostral, polar part of macaque 10m ( Ongur-2003 ). As granular prefrontal cortex, It has no architectonic equivalent in the the rat ( Wallis-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 10d","synonymSource":"Glasser-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"A multimodal parcellation of human cerebral cortex:","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4691","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 10r","standardAcronym":"10r","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4691","cDefinition":"refers to one of three subdivisions of area 10 in the human. Defined on the basis of multiple stains, it occupies rostral parts of the superior rostral gyrus and the inferior rostral gyrus on the medial surface of the frontal lobe. It is bounded caudally by area 10m and rostrally by area 10p, dorsally by area 32ac, and ventrally by area 11m. The other subdivisions of area 10 are area 10p and area 10m. It has an equivalent area composed of two subareas in the macaque: area MFc and area MFr ( Ongur-2003; Preuss-1991 ). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Wallis-2012 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 10r","synonymSource":"Ongur-2003","synonymSourceTitle":"Architectonic subdivision of the human orbital and medial prefrontal cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4692","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 24a'","standardAcronym":"24a'","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4692","cDefinition":" refers to a part of the posterior midcingulate cortex, which is located caudal to the anterior midcingulate cortex in the anterior cingulate gyrus of the human and the macaque. Located on the ventral margin of the gyrus, it is separated from the corpus callosum by the callosal sulcus. It is defined on the basis of internal structure. In the human it is bounded laterally by area p33' and dorsally by area 24b'. It is subdivided into two parts, area a24a' and area p24a'.\r\nIn the macaque, which lacks area p33', it is bounded by the corpus callosum in the depth of the callosal sulcus. It exists in the rat and the mouse as well but is not subdivided ( Vogt-2016 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 24a'","synonymSource":"Vogt-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"Midcingulate cortex: Structure, connections, homologies\r\nfunctions and diseases","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"area 24a'","synonymSource":"Vogt-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"Midcingulate cortex: Structure, connections, homologies\r\nfunctions and diseases","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"area 24a'","synonymSource":"Vogt-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"Midcingulate cortex: Structure, connections, homologies\r\nfunctions and diseases","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4693","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 24b'","standardAcronym":"24b'","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4693","cDefinition":" refers to a part of the posterior midcingulate cortex, which is located caudal to the anterior midcingulate cortex in the anterior cingulate gyrus of the human and the macaque. Located in the center of the gyrus, it is bounded by area 24a' ventrally and by area p24c' and area 24d dorsally. Defined on the basis of internal structure it is subdivided into two parts, area a24b' and area p24b'.\r\nIn the macaque it is subdivided similarly. It exists in the rat and the mouse as well but is not subdivided ( Vogt-2016 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 24b'","synonymSource":"Vogt-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"Midcingulate cortex: Structure, connections, homologies\r\nfunctions and diseases","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"rat","synonymName":"area 24b'","synonymSource":"Vogt-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"Midcingulate cortex: Structure, connections, homologies\r\nfunctions and diseases","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"mouse","synonymName":"area 24b'","synonymSource":"Vogt-2016","synonymSourceTitle":"Midcingulate cortex: Structure, connections, homologies\r\nfunctions and diseases","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4694","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"posterior parietal cortex","standardAcronym":"PPC","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4694","cDefinition":"refers to a multimodal association region of cerebral cortex defined by dissection and and internal structure. It is located on the lateral surface of the parietal lobe posterior to the postcentral sulcus. In the human, sulcal landmarks within the region are highly variable. It is composed of two parts, which are separated by the intraparietal sulcus. The more ventral part is the inferior parietal lobule. The more dorsal part, the superior parietal lobule, extends across the superior margin of the hemisphere onto the medial surface of the lobe. \r\nThe equivalent architectonically defined structure in the macaque occupies approximately the same parts of the parietal lobe, except that, on the lateral surface it does not extend ventrally into the parietal operculum, and caudally, it it does not extend into the angular gyrus beyond the angular sulcus ( Amunts-2012 ). \r\nThe equivalent in the rat and mouse may be the posterior parietal association areas ( Swanson-2004 ).\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"posterior parietal cortex","synonymSource":"Amunts-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Auditory System","pubMedHits":"2630"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4695","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"areas PF","standardAcronym":"PF","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4695","cDefinition":"refers to areas of the supramarginal gyrus in the inferior parietal lobule of the parietal lobe defined by multiple criteria in the human. They include area PF, area PFcm, area PFm, area PFop, area PFt, In sum, they are equivalent to area 40 of Brodmann ( Glasser-2016 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"areas PF","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4696","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"areas PG","standardAcronym":"PG","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4696","cDefinition":"refers to areas of the angular gyrus in the inferior parietal lobule of the parietal lobe defined by multiple criteria in the human. They include area PGp, area PGi, and area PGs. In sum, they are equivalent to area 39 of Brodmann ( Glasser-2016 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"areas PG","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4697","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"subgenual anterior cingulate cortex","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4697","cDefinition":"refers to one of two subdivisions of anteirior cingulate cortex. It is located in the subgenual area and adjacent part of the anterior cingulate gyrus of the human and the macaque, and in an equivalent region on the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere of the rat and mouse. In the human it comprises area s24ab, and area s32. In the macaque, rat and mouse it is composed entirely of area s32. The other subdivision is pregenual anterior cingulate cortex ( Vogt-2013 ).e ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"subgenual anterior cingulate cortex","synonymSource":"Vogt-2013","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate area 32 homologies in mouse, rat, macaque and human: Cytoarchitecture and receptor architecture","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4698","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"areas 24a and 24b","standardAcronym":"24a and 24b","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4698","cDefinition":"refers to area a24 as a combination of area 24a and area 24b in the macaque ( Vogt-2012 ), rat and mouse ( Vogt-2013 ).","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"areas 24a and 24b","synonymSource":"Vogt-2012","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate Cortex","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4699","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 24ab (alt)","standardAcronym":"24ab (alt)","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4699","cDefinition":"refers to the combination of area 24a and area 24b in a parcellation different from their combination as area a24 ( Vogt-2013 ). While the human, macaque, rat and mouse all have areas 24a and 24b, the designation 24ab in the alternative parcellation refers only to their combination in the human and the macaque, presumably because only in those species are both 24a and 24b located adjacent to the genu of the corpus callosum. In the human, area 24a is called 's24ab' for 'subgenual 24ab' and area 24b is called 'p24ab' for 'pregenual 24ab'.\r\nIn the macaque, the combination is called simply '24ab', a term that in NeuroNames is categorized as a synonym of area a24 as defined for the human in Glasser-2016.. ","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"human","synonymName":"area 24ab (alt)","synonymSource":"Vogt-2013","synonymSourceTitle":"Cingulate area 32 homologies in mouse, rat, macaque and human: Cytoarchitecture and receptor architecture","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]},{"neuroNamesID":"4700","cNIDType":"a","cTypeId":"6","cType":"ancillary concepts","brainStructureType":"Not Defined","standardName":"area 24b of Carmichael","brainInfoURL":"http://braininfo.org/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=4700","cDefinition":"refers to a portion of the anterior cingulate gyrus that is defined on the basis of internal structure in the macaque. It is one of three components of area 24 of Carmichael in the medial prefrontal cortex (macaque). The other components are area 24a of Carmichael and area 24c of Carmichael. Features that distinguish area 24b of Carmichael from one or the other adjacent area are: 1) vertical striations revealed by Nissl stain in the external pyramidal layer (III) and internal pyramidal layer (V); and 2) few neurons stained for neurofilament protein by SMI-32 ( Carmichael-1994 ). \r\nThis description is based on the definition of area 24b as a component of medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque. It differs somewhat from that of area 24b defined as a component of cingulate cortex ( Vogt-2012 ).\r\n","synonyms":[{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 24b of Carmichael","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"},{"synonymLanguage":"English","organism":"macaque","synonymName":"area 24b (macaque)","synonymSource":"NeuroNames","synonymSourceTitle":"NeuroNames","pubMedHits":"N/A"}]}]