granular insula - BrainInfo

granular insula (INSgr)

The term granular insula refers to a portion of the insula defined on the basis of internal structure. In the human it occupies the posterodorsal portion of the long insular gyri and is divided into two parts, area Ig1 of Kurth and area Ig2 of Kurth. In the macaque it also occupies the posterior part of the insula but is not subdivided ( Mesulam-1984; Paxinos-2009a ). Classified as neocortex ( true isocortex component ), the granular insula is distinguished from the adjacent dysgranular insula ( periallocortex ) by the presence of two distinct granular layers: external granular layer (II) and internal granular layer (IV) ( Zilles-2004 ). The architectonically equivalent structure of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ), which is referred to functionally as the visceral area, is located on the lateral surface rostral to the center of the hemisphere. It is ventral to the supplemental somatosensory areas, and dorsal to the dysgranular insula ( functional designation gustatory cortex) anteriorly, and to the agranular insular area posteriorly.

Also known as: visceral area, granular insular area, granular insular cortex, insular isocortical belt, granular-isocortical insula, granular insula, area Ig of Mesulam, Cortex insularis granularis, granular domain, granular posterior insular zone

NeuroNames ID: 1192

All Names & Sources

1 of 16

Showing 16 synonym(s) - Use arrows to navigate

Showing 16 synonym(s)

Name:

VISC

Language:

acronym

Organism:

rat

Source:

Swanson-1998

Citation:

Second Revised Edition, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, 1998

Source Title:

Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain

Name:

visceral area

Language:

English

Organism:

rat

Source:

Swanson-1998

Citation:

Second Revised Edition, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, 1998

Source Title:

Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain

Name:

granular insular area

Language:

English

Organism:

rat

Source:

Swanson-1998

Citation:

Second Revised Edition, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, 1998

Source Title:

Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain

Name:

granular insular cortex

Language:

English

Organism:

mouse

Source:

Paxinos-2001

Citation:

Second Edition, Academic Press, San Diego, 2001

Source Title:

The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates

Name:

insular isocortical belt

Language:

English

Organism:

human

Source:

Zilles-2004

Citation:

Chapter 27 in The Human Nervous System, second edition. G. Paxinos and J.K. Mai (Eds.) Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2004.

Source Title:

Architecture of the human cerebral cortex

Name:

granular-isocortical insula

Language:

English

Organism:

macaque

Source:

Mesulam-1985

Citation:

Chapter 5, pp. 179-226 in Cerebral Cortex, Peters A and Jones EG (Eds), 1985

Source Title:

The insula of Reil in man and monkey: Architectonics, connectivity, and function

Name:

granular insula

Language:

English

Organism:

macaque

Source:

Pritchard-2012

Citation:

Chapter 33 in The Human Nervous System, JK Mai and G Paxinos (Eds.), pp. 1187-1218, Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Source Title:

Gustatory System

Name:

granular insula

Language:

English

Organism:

macaque

Source:

Pritchard-2012

Citation:

Chapter 33 in The Human Nervous System, JK Mai and G Paxinos (Eds.), pp. 1187-1218, Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Source Title:

Gustatory System

Name:

area Ig of Mesulam

Language:

English

Organism:

macaque

Source:

Mesulam-1982

Citation:

The Journal of Comparative Neurology 212:1-22

Source Title:

Insula of the Old World Monkey. I: Architectonics in the Insulo-orbito-temporal Component of the Paralimbic Brain

Name:

Cortex insularis granularis

Language:

Latin

Organism:

macaque

Source:

Roberts-1963

Citation:

Schweizer Archiv fur Neurologie, Neurochirurgie und Psychiatrie, 92:1-43, 1963

Source Title:

Insular and opercular cortex and its thalamic projection in Macaca mulatta

Name:

granular domain

Language:

English

Organism:

macaque

Source:

Gallay-2012

Citation:

Cerebral Cortex. 22(1): 175-190

Source Title:

The Insula of Reil Revisited: Multiarchitectonic Organization in Macaque Monkeys

Name:

Language:

acronym

Organism:

macaque

Source:

Mesulam-1982

Citation:

The Journal of Comparative Neurology 212:1-22

Source Title:

Insula of the Old World Monkey. I: Architectonics in the Insulo-orbito-temporal Component of the Paralimbic Brain

Name:

Language:

acronym

Organism:

Macaca mulatta

Source:

Paxinos-2009a

Citation:

Amsterdam: Elsevier-Academic Press. 2009

Source Title:

The Rhesus Monkey Brain, Second Edition

Name:

granular posterior insular zone

Language:

English

Organism:

human

Source:

Garey-1999

Citation:

Garey LK (translator/editor) Brodmann's 'Localisation in the Cerebral Cortex', Imperial College Press, London, 1999.

Source Title:

Brodmann's 'Localisation in the Cerebral Cortex'

Name:

J post

Language:

acronym

Organism:

human

Source:

Garey-1999

Citation:

Garey LK (translator/editor) Brodmann's 'Localisation in the Cerebral Cortex', Imperial College Press, London, 1999.

Source Title:

Brodmann's 'Localisation in the Cerebral Cortex'

Name:

INSgr

Language:

acronym

Organism:

Unspecified

Source:

NeuroNames

Citation:

University of Washington, Seattle, WA

Source Title:

NeuroNames

Illustrations

Showing 3 illustration(s)

drawing of
lateral aspect in
macaque

Nissl stain & diagram of
coronal section in
mouse

Nissl stain & diagram of
sagittal section in
mouse

Species With The Structure

Equivalent By	Human	Macaque	Rat	Mouse
Internal Structure	Has The Structure	Relevant Data Not Located	Has The Structure	Has The Structure

1 of 4

Showing 4 record(s) - Use arrows to navigate

Showing 4 record(s)

Basis:

Internal Structure

Has Equivalent:

Yes

Organism:

Homo sapiens (human)

Their Name:

insular isocortical belt

Source:

Zilles-2004

Basis:

Internal Structure

Has Equivalent:

Yes

Organism:

Rattus (rat)

Their Name:

granular insular area

Source:

Swanson-1998

Basis:

Internal Structure

Has Equivalent:

Yes

Organism:

Rattus (rat)

Their Name:

visceral area

Source:

Swanson-1998

Basis:

Internal Structure

Has Equivalent:

Yes

Organism:

Mus (mouse)

Their Name:

granular insular cortex

Source:

Paxinos-2001

Models Where It Appears

Functional CNS Model - Rat

The Functional CNS Model - Rat (FMrat) ( Swanson-2004) is one of three hierarchical models representing the internal organization of the central nervous system (CNS). The others are the Structural CNS Model - Human (SThmn) and the Functional CNS Model - Human (FMhmn). The FMrat model represents the basic organization of the mouse ( Hof-2000 AMBA-2024 ) and, presumably, other rodents. Functional CNS models differ from structural models in that structures are defined and named by connectivity rather than by proximity to other structures at the same level. Functional models are more useful for representing longitudinal components of are grouped based on information drawn from multiple neuroscientific disciplines. such as connections, neurochemical characteristics, and role in physiogical and behavioral processes. While the Functional Model was developed primarily for an atlas of the rat brain ( Swanson-2004 ), the hierarchical organization of structures is for the most part applicable to the human, macaque, mouse and other mammalian brains as well. Structures at lower levels of the Functional CNS hierarchy are largely the same as in the Classical and Developmental Models, i.e., they were originally identified by stains for gray matter (Nissl substance) and white matter (myelin). At the next higher level they are grouped into basic connectional and functional systems of the CNS, such as the subcortical sensory systems, the brainstem motor system and the behavioral state system. At the highest levels CNS structures are grouped on the basis of dissection and embryologic precursors into cerebrum ( cerebral cortex and cerebral nuclei ), cerebellum, and cerebrospinal trunk.