The term long insular gyri refers to a composite cortical structure consisting of two gyri located ventrocaudally in the insula of the human. Also known as the posterior insula, this combination of gyri is identified by dissection. It includes the anterior long gyrus and the posterior long gyrus. The two are separated from the short insular gyri of the anterior insula by the central insular sulcus ( Ture-1999 ). Some authors consider the long insular gyri to be a single gyrus ( Roberts-1970 ). The insular gyri do not exist in macaques or rodents ( NeuroNames ).