The term area 12 - obsolete refers to a portion of the orbital gyri defined on the basis of internal structure in the macaque. It is one of six subdivisions of the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex (macaque), where it is also referred to as 'lateral orbital cortex'. It has four components: area 12r (macaque), area 12m (macaque), area 12l (macaque) and area 12o (macaque) ( Carmichael-1994 ). Some macaque brain atlases divide it into only two parts, a lateral and an orbital part ( Paxinos-2009a ). Its human equivalent is area 47 ( Ongur-2003 ), and some macaque brain atlases now label it area 47 ( Paxinos-2009a ). As granular prefrontal cortex, it has no equivalent in the rat ( Wallis-2012 ).